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CENOZOIC
CHRON. ANOM. ANOM. HIST. HIST
v. 4.0
MESOZOIC
CHRON.
PALEOZOIC
PICKS (Ma)
66.0
PRECAMBRIAN
PICKS (Ma)
252 254 260 265 269 272 279 290 296 299 304 307 315 323 331
1500 750
AGE (Ma)
MAGNETIC POLARITY
PERIOD
EPOCH
HOLOCENE
AGE
CALABRIAN GELASIAN
PICKS (Ma)
0.01 1.8 2.6 3.6 5.3 7.2
AGE (Ma)
70
MAGNETIC POLARITY
PERIOD EPOCH
AGE
AGE
AGE (Ma)
EON
ERA
PERIOD
1 2
C1 C2
QUATERNARY PLEISTOCENE*
PLIOCENE
MAASTRICHTIAN
72.1
2A C2A
PIACENZIAN
PERMIAN
3A C3A
MESSINIAN
80
C33
CRETACEOUS
C3
ZANCLEAN
CAMPANIAN
LATE
260
83.6 86.3 89.8 93.9 100
Guadalupian Cisuralian
LATE MIDDLE EARLY LATE
10
C4A C5
TURONIAN
1000
PROTEROZOIC
4A
NEOGENE
C4
TORTONIAN
SANTONIAN CONIACIAN
280
850
TONIAN
1000
MIOCENE
CARBONIFEROUS
5A
PENNSYLVANIAN
C5A
SERRAVALLIAN LANGHIAN
CENOMANIAN
300
STENIAN
1200
15
1250
110
ALBIAN
113
MESOPROTEROZOIC
ECTASIAN
1400
BURDIGALIAN
20.4 120
M0r M1 M3 M5 M10
320
MISSISSIPPIAN
20
APTIAN
EARLY
CALYMMIAN
1600
AQUITANIAN
23.0 130
25
7 C7 7A C7A 8 C8 9 11 12
C9
OLIGOCENE
126 131 134 139 145 152 157 164 166 168 170 174
340
MIDDLE EARLY
347 359
1750
STATHERIAN
1800
CHATTIAN
140 28.1
10 C10
DEVONIAN
30
C11 C12
360
LATE
2000
372
RUPELIAN
33.9
150
380
FRASNIAN
MIDDLE
JURASSIC
M25 M29
LATE
13
C13
383 388 393 408 411 419 423 426 427 430 433 439 441 444 445 453 458 467 470 478 485 490 494 497 501 505 509 514 521 529 541
2250
2300
35
15 C15 16 C16 17 18
C17
PRIABONIAN
400
SIDERIAN
2500
PALEOGENE
37.8
170
MIDDLE
EARLY
PRAGIAN
LOCHKOVIAN
LUDFORDIAN GORSTIAN HOMERIAN SHEINWOODIAN TELYCHIAN AERONIAN RHUDDANIAN HIRNANTIAN
2500
40
ORDOVICIAN SILURIAN
C18 C19
19 20
BARTONIAN
41.2 180
420
PRIDOLI
NEOARCHEAN
2750
EOCENE
183
EARLY
45
21
C21
190
191
ARCHEAN
C20
LUTETIAN
47.8
2800
440
200
460
3000
MESOARCHEAN
3200
50
22 C22 23 24
C23
210
TRIASSIC
YPRESIAN
FLOIAN TREMADOCIAN
AGE 10 JIANGSHANIAN PAIBIAN GUZHANGIAN DRUMIAN AGE 5 AGE 4 AGE 3 AGE 2 FORTUNIAN
3250
480
LATE
55
25 26
C24
PALEOCENE
56.0
220
NORIAN
PALEOARCHEAN
3600
3500
CAMBRIAN
C25
500
228
60
27
C26
CARNIAN
MIDDLE
3750
C27
240
LADINIAN ANISIAN
OLENEKIAN
INDUAN
520
EOARCHEAN
4000
28 C28
65
29
C29
4000
30 C30
EARLY
540
HADEAN
*The Pleistocene is divided into four ages, but only two are shown here. What is shown as Calabrian is actually three agesCalabrian from 1.8 to 0.78 Ma, Middle from 0.78 to 0.13 Ma, and Late from 0.13 to 0.01 Ma. Walker, J.D., Geissman, J.W., Bowring, S.A., and Babcock, L.E., compilers, 2012, Geologic Time Scale v. 4.0: Geological Society of America, doi: 10.1130/2012.CTS004R3C. 2012 The Geological Society of America. The Cenozoic, Mesozoic, and Paleozoic are the Eras of the Phanerozoic Eon. Names of units and age boundaries follow the Gradstein et al. (2012) and Cohen et al. (2012) compilations. Age estimates and picks of boundaries are rounded to the nearest whole number (1 Ma) for the pre-Cenomanian, and rounded to one decimal place (100 ka) for the Cenomanian to Pleistocene interval. The numbered epochs and ages of the Cambrian are provisional. REFERENCES CITED Cohen, K.M., Finney, S., and Gibbard, P.L., 2012, International Chronostratigraphic Chart: International Commission on Stratigraphy, www.stratigraphy.org (last accessed May 2012). (Chart reproduced for the 34th International Geological Congress, Brisbane, Australia, 510 August 2012.) Gradstein, F.M, Ogg, J.G., Schmitz, M.D., et al., 2012, The Geologic Time Scale 2012: Boston, USA, Elsevier, DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-444-59425-9.00004-4.