A B C Cu D Du E F G sF H Hm Hu Aw Ax

IJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcehi jklfgd
hy {X {_ s m hv kz w {Ko { hy {X {_ s m hv kz w {Ko { -v {X {i
hnZymn HmWm-tLmjw DQ-h-]-dv aIcsImbvv Nmd-dag ]p\Pw ]-c-hnn
Bbncw P- HmXp- ]-`q-X- Fs kzw t]cv them-bp-[ Fm-Ip-p.

Hmw {io kmbncmw

`K-hmt\ Fs AtbmK-hpw -[ym-\hpw {]m\bpw hnP-bn-n-p-hm klm-bn-t-W-ta. GXm\pw
\nanjw Zo] tPymXnsb {in-p-I; Zo] tPymXnsb Xe-bpsS A`m-K-tv {]th-in-nv Xe-bpsS A`m-K-sf
iphpw ]hn-{X-hp-am-p-I. AXn-\p-tijw Cu {]m\I sNpI. `K-hmt\ Fs a\-ns\ iphpw ]hn-{X-hp-amn--c-W-ta. a\v {_-am-Ip-p. AXns \mev ]mZ Npv, t{im{Xw, hmv, {]mW Fn-h-bm-Ip-p.
{]mtWm _\w ln a\-l. aXn, KXn, nXn, kn F XXzw Hmp-I. `K-hmt\, F\nv \Xv Nnn-m Ign-tbW-ta. XnwIv KpUv, XnwIv t\m Cuhn. kwbIv `mhw. bZv `mhw XZv `h-Xn. bYm a\l XYm Imbl. at\m Gh
a\p-jymWmw ImcWw _ tamm-tb. bZv `mhw XZv `h-Xn. {_ hnZv {_ssh `h-Xn.
C\n Zo] tPymXnsb Xe-bpsS A`m-Kp \nv CSt In-tepw het In-tepw {]th-in-n-p-I. XpSv
Cs\ {]mnp-I. `K-hmt\, F\np \Xp ImWm Ign-tb-W-ta; ko KpUv, ko t\m Cuhn. kwbIv ZrjvSn. `{Zw
]iy-p. tbm amw ]iyXn kw, kw abo ]iy-Xn. Btm-]-ta\ k{X kaw ]iy-Xn. ]WvUnXm ka Zin-\-l.
AssZzX Zi\w m\w. Hns\ ]e-Xmbn ImWp-Xv {`ahpw ]e-Xns\ Hmbn ImWp-Xv {_hpw BIp-p.
bZv Zriyw XZv \iyw. A ZrjvSn GI-Xzhpw _mly-ZrjvSn \m\m-Xzhpw \evIpp. krjvSn Cukv s_bvkvUv
Hm ZrjvSn. t\{Xmkv B Z imkv{Xmkv Hm^v ta. Cu^v Z hnj Cukv kvss{Sddv hmv tI Unhn-j Up.
t\{Xky `qjWw kwbIv ZrjvSn Sp ko tKmUv hnn, C B _obnw-Kvkv, Fhcn th, Fddv B ssSwkv. Cu
XXz- Hmv `K-hm-t\mSv Znhy ZrjvSn Xv A\p-{K-ln-m {]mnp-I.

C\n Zo]-tPym-Xnsb CSt sNhn-bn-tepw het sNhn-bn-tepw {]th-in-nv sNhn-Isf iphpw ]hn-{Xhpw
Bp-I. AXn-\p-tijw sNt- {]m\I Xmsg ]d-bp-p. `K-hmt\, F\nv \Xv tIm Ign-tb-W-ta. F\nv ]c-ZqjWw tIm CS-h-c-cp-tX. lnb KpUv, lnb t\m Cuhn. `{Zw {irWz-p. kwbIv {ih-Ww. t{im{Xky `qjWw
imkv{Xw.
C\n Zo] tPymXnsb \mkm c{--fn-tev {]th-innv \mkn-Isb iphpw ]hn-{X-hp-am-p-I. AXn\p tijw
Cs\ {]mnp-I. `K-hmt\ Fs \mkn-Isb icn-bmbn D]-tbm-Kn-m Ign-tb-W-ta. iphpw ]hn-{X-hp-amb
hmbp izkn-m Ign-tb-W-ta. \mkn-I-bpsS tkmlw F ktiw {in-p-I; B `mhs HmIvkn-P t]mse Dntev kzoI-cn-m\pw tZl `mhs Im_U-tbm-IvsskUv t]mse ]pd-tv Xm\pw Ign-tb-W-ta. ]pIhen,
s]mSnhen XpS-nb Zpoefn \nv Fs cn-t-W-ta.
C\n Zo] tPymXnsb \mhns ay `mKtv {]thinnv \mhns\ iphpw ]hn-{X-hp-am-p-I. AXn\p tijw Cs\
{]mnp-I. `K-hmt\ Fs \mhns\ icn-bmbn D]-tbm-Kn-m Ign-tb-W-ta. Pnlzmt{K hktX evan,
Pnlzmt{K hktX an{Xw, Pnlzmt{K hktX i{Xp, Pnlzmt{K hktX acWw F XXzw Ftmgpw Hmm Ign-tbW-ta. \mhn\v c-v {][m\ tPmen-I-fp-v `-W-]m-\ob Ign-epw kwkm-cn--epw; Ch c-pw anX-ambpw
lnX-ambpw sNm Ign-tb-W-ta. lnX-I-c--fmb `-W-]m-\o-b anX-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-m Ign-tb-W-ta.
F\nv arZp-hmbpw a[p-c-ambpw kwkm-cn-m Ign-tb-W-ta. hogvN, Gdv, In Fnh aqe-ap apdnhp-I thKw DW-pw. hmpI sIm-p apdnhv DW-n-. AXp-sIm-v Smv KpUv, Smv t\m Cuhn.
kwbIv hN\w. IWvTky `qjWw kXyw. A\p-tZz-K- Icw hmIyw; kXyw {_pbm-Xv, {]nbw {_pbm-Xv, \ {_pbmXv
kXy-a-{]n-bw. kXyw hZ [w Nc. a\-t-Iw hNtIw ItWyIw alm--\l F XXzs Ipdnv kwkm-cn-pXv kXyw hZ, AXv {]Imcw {]hnp-Xv [w Nc. Aan-X-amb kwkm-cw, addpff-h-sc-Ip-dnv ]c-ZqjWw ]d-b, ad-dp-f-f-hsc ]cn-l-kn-, Ifhp ]d-b XpS-nb Zpo-e--fn \nv Fs cn-t-W-ta.
Zo] tPymXnsb s\p XS-n-tev {]th-in-n-p-I. s\p XS-n \nv Zo] tPymXnsb CSt In-tepw het Intepw {]th-in-nv ssIIsf iphpw ]hn-{X-hp-am-p-I. AXn\p tijw sNt- {]m\I: `K-hm, Fs ssIIsIm-v
\ I- sNm Ign-tb-W-ta; Up KpUv, Up s\m Cuhn. `{Zw Ip-p. kwbIv Iw. kh-Ia `K-hXv
{]oXyw. lkvXky `qjWw Zm\w. ^te--bn-msX Iw sNm Ign-tb-W-ta. ItWy hm[n-Im-ckvtX am

^tejp IZm-N-\. {]IrtX Irb-am-Wm\n KpssW IpmWn ki, Al-\vImc hnaqVmm Im-l-anXn a\y-tX.
k [m ]cn-XyPy amtaIw icWw {hP. tZhm `mh-tbXv bRvP It-W, ]c-kv]cw `mh-b--l. IXr-XzaZy \jvSw Ihyw hm]n \ IzNn-X. {]mcm_vZw knyXn XZm bZv tZlm-\ nX-l. Alw {_tXn hnmZv
Iev]tImSn KXmPnXw knXw hnebw bmXn. ARvPm\ P\ t_m[mw kn-Xw, {]mcm-_v[w, BK-anIw
CXn DNy-tX. am\h tkh am[h tkh, P\ tkh P\m[\ tkh, \c tkh \mcm-bW tkh,- k-aql tkh kmbn tkh, {Kma
tkh cma tkh, Poh tkh tZh tkh Fo XXz- Hmp-I.
Zo] tPymXnsb \m`n-bn-tev {]th-in-n-p-I. Zo] tPymXnsb c-v \nanjw \m`n-bn \nnb tijw CSt
Imen-tepw het Imen-tepw {]th-in-nv Imep-Isf iphpw ]hn-{Xhpw Bp-I. AXn\p tijw Cs\ {]m np-I.
`K-hmt\ Fs Imep-Isf icn-bmbn D]-tbm-Kn-m Ign-tb-W-ta. `P-\--e--fnepw kw-K--fnepw Fm Igntb-W-ta.
Ctm \psS ico-c-nse Fm Ah-b-h--tfbpw \mw Zo] tPymXn-sIm-v iphpw]hn-{X-hp-amn Ign-p.
C\n sNt- {]m\I. `K-hmt\ Fs ico-cs iphpw]hn-{Xhpamb coXn-bn D]-tbm-Kn-m Ign-tb-W-ta.
ico-c- amZyw Jep [ km[-\w. \ Ab-amm _e-lo\ e`y-tX. ]p\ hnw ]p\ an{Xw,]p\ `mcy ]p\ bi-l,
bmhXv kw ]p\ e`yw \ icocw ]p\l ]p\-l. Cuizc kmm-Xvmcw t\Sm\pw, [nI PohnXw \bn-m\pw,
Bh-iy-amb icoc inbpw Btcm-Kyhpw \tIWta.
Cu^v shv Cukv temkvddv \nwKv Cukv temkvd-dv Cu^v slv Cukv temkvddv kwnwKv Cukv
temkvd-dv, Cu^v Imc-IvS Cukv temkvddv Fh-cn-nwKv Cukv temkvd-dv; AXp-sIm-v `K-hmt\ kXyw,
[w, imn, t{]aw, A-lnwk XpS-nb ]hn{X KpWfpsS ASn-m-\-n Fs kz`m-h-tbpw s]cp-am-d-dtbpw hmsSpm klm-bn-t-W-ta. ]hn-{X-amb KpW--fpsS ASn-m-\-n-ep kz`m-h-tm anI
]mWvUn-Xy-an-. A-I-c-Ws ipo-I-cn-m-\p ^e-{]-Z-amb amw ]hn{X KpW-sf hf-em-Wv. B
kmm-Xvmcw Cn-p km[-I\v m\hpw sshcm-Kyhpw thWw `uXnI kpJ--tfm-Sp sshcm-Kyhpw
B t_m[w D-m-hm Bh-iy-amb m\-hpw. kIe Ncm-N-c-fpw hyXykvX \ma--cq-]--fn-ep Cuiz-cs Bhn`m-h--fmWv F kXyw hniz-kn-p-I, CjvS-s-Sp-I.

`K-hmt\ F\n v]m]hpw im]hpw Hgn-hm-nbpw imk-\hpw imkv{Xhpw A\p-k-cnpw Pohn-m-\p A\p{Klw \evtI-W-ta; `K-hmt\, F\nv A-bpsS kt-i-hm-l-I-\mbn Pohn-m-\p A\p-{Klw Xm-epw. AXn\mbn Rm\nXm Fs lrZ-bs Atp Xs kan-p-p. Ctm t{]aw, kXyw, kl-\w, XymKw, Zb, kp-cw, B\w, imn Fo Fv CX-fp-I-fp Ah-\-hs lrZb Ia-e-n (knw-lm-k-\-n) `K-hm kXy-kmbn _m_ a-kvanX-h-Z\-\m-bn, kXy- inh -kp-c B\ `mh-n, A`b lkvX-\m-bn, khtZ-h-Xm-XoX kzcq-]-\m-bn,
hmkp-tZh-\m-bn, kwLj-W-\m-bn, A\n-cp--\m-bn, {]Zyp-av-\mbn D]-hn-jvS-\m-bn-cn-p-p. k
i\pw A-cym-an-bp-amb `K-hm-t\mSv Cs\ {]mnp-I
`K-hmt\ Fn-ep jUv sshcn-I-fmb Imaw, t{Im[w, tem`w, tamlw, aZw, amcyw Fn-hsb Dq-e\w
sNphm klm-bn-m-epw. PmXn, imco-cnI in, ]mWvUn-Xyw, bu-\w, [\w, ku-cyw, ta[m-hn-Xzw,
Bym-nI t\- Fn-h-bn \nv Fn Al-\vImcw hf-cm CS-h-c-cp-tX; Fn-ep ctPm KpW-tbpw
Xtam- Kp-W-tbpw amd-dm klm-bn-t-W-ta. Fs Bym-nI ]ptcm-K-Xnv XS--ambn \nevp Cu ]Xn\mdv Xn-I-tfbpw Hgn-hm-m klm-bn-t-W-ta.
IqSmsX ]t{nb--fn-eqsS Fn {]thinn-p kIe hnj--tfbpw amddn F\nv kpJhpw imnbpw \In
A\p-{K-ln-t-W-ta. ]`qX, ]t{nb, ]{]mW, a\v XpS-nb ]Xn-\mdv Ie-I-tfbpw icn-bmbpw
]hn-{X-ambpw D]-tbm-Kn-m-\p A\p-{Klw \tI-W-ta.
`K-hmt\, Fs tXcm-fn-bmbn `hnv Fs t\ h-gnv \bn-m-epw; Fs 5 It-{n-b-, 5 mt\-{n-b, a\v XpS-nb 11 cp{Z-sf icn-bmbn D]-tbm-Kn-m\pw cp{Z tIm]--fn \nv c-s-Sm\pw A\p-{Kln-t-W-ta. AhnZym tiw, A`n-\n-thi tiw, AkvXnI tiw, cmK tiw, tZzj tiw XpS-nb ] ti--fn \npw
Fs cn-t-W-ta. BZn `uXn-Iw, BZn ssZhn-Iw, Bym-nIw XpS-nb Zpc---fn \npw Fs cn-t-W-ta.
{`mn, {]tam-Zw, IcW B]m-Z-\w, hn{]-en]vk XpS-nb t]mcm-bva-Isf amddn Fs A-I-c-W--fmb a\v, Nnw, _pn, Al-\vImcw Fn-hsb iphpw ]hn-{X-hp-am-m klm-bn-m-epw.
`K-hmt\ a\p-jys\ B-cn-I-ambn \in-n-p IoS-amb Akq-bbpw _mly-ambn \in-n-p IoS-amb
t{Im[hpw Fs _m[n--cp-tX. {Xnhn[w \cI tkzZw \mi-\-am--\-l,- Im-a--t{Im-[--kvXYm tem`-l,

XkvamZv GXXv {Xbw XytPXv F KoXm XXz {]Imcw \c-Ins aqv hmXn-ep-I-fmb Imaw, t{Im[w, tem`w
Fn-hsb XyPn-p-hm klm-bn-t-W-ta. Imaw I \mi-\w, t{Im[w m\ \mi-\w, tem`w `n \mi\w FmWv
imkv{Xw. Cuizc kmm-Xvm-c-n-\p aqv am-fpw Imaw \in-n-p-p.
`K-hmt\ Bym-nI ]ptcm-K-Xn-p XS---fmb AhnZym {]Xn_-n-Iw, {]m {]_-n-Iw, IpX {]_-nIw, hn]-co-b--Zp-cm-{Kl {]Xn-_-nIw Fn-hsb Hgn-hm-m klm-bn-m-epw.
ssZho kXn tamm-b, \n_-m-bm-kp-co-aXm F XXz {]Imcw Fnse Bkp-cnI KpW--fmb Uw`v,
Zv, A`n-am-\w, t{Im[w, ]mcp-jw, Am\w Fn-hsb Dt]-n-m\pw ssZhnI KpW--fmb iaw, Zaw, D]-cXn, XnXn-, {i, kam-[m\w Fn-hsb hfm\pw klm-bn-t-W-ta.
`K-hmt\ ssa{Xn, Icp-W, apZn-Xw, Dt] XpS-nb KpW-sf hfn [w, Aw, Imaw, tamw Fo
]pcp-jm--tfbpw ]ca {][m-\-amb t{]a-tbpw icn-bmb hn[-n {]m]n-p-hm klm-bn-t-W-ta.
`K-hmt\ Fn t{]aw hfm klm-bn-t-W-ta; AXn-\mbn, ad-dp--h-cpsS henb sXd-dp-I-sf-tmepw
\nm-c-ambn I-v AXv an-m\pw Fs \nmc sXd-dp-I-sf-tmepw hep-Xmbn I-v AXv Xncp-m-\p-ap
A\p-{Klw \tI-W-ta.
assa-hmwtim Poh-temtI Poh-`qX k\m-X-\-l, ktamlw k `q-tXjp, Al-amm KpUm-tIim k `qXm-ib
nX-l, Cuizc k `qXm\mw lrtti XnjvS-Xn, {]m\w {_, Alw {_m-kvan, XXz-a-kn, Ab-amm {_,
GImm k `qXm--cm Fo XXz- {]Imcw F\nv Fm Poh-Pm-e--tfbpw A-bpsS {]Xn-_nw-_-fmbn ImWm Ign-tb-W-ta. Fm cq]-tfbpw Im-Sn-I-fmbpw Ah-bnse ssNX-\y-sf {]Xn-_nw-_--fmbpw
ImWm Ign-tb-W-ta.
GtImlw _lp-kymw F thZ XXzw A\p-k-cnv Fm-hcpw Cuiz-cs a-fm-Wv. AXpsIm-v ssZh-ns ]nXrXzhpw a\p-jy-cpsS kmtlm-Z-cyhpw F XXz-{]-Imcw F\nv Fm-h-tcbpw ktlm-Z-co--k-tlm-Z-c-mcmbn ImWm Ign-tb-W-ta. ad-dp--h-cn \nv D-m-tb-m-hp Akq-b, hntZz-jw, ]oU\w Fnh F\nv
kln-m\pw an-m\pw Ign-tb-W-ta; F\nv, Fm-h-tcbpw Xpey- ambn kvt\ln-m Ign-tb-W-ta.

]tcm-]-Im-cmb ]pWym-b, ]m]mb ]c]oU\w F XXz-{]-Imcw Fm-h-tcbpw tkhnpw Btcbpw t{Zmlnm-tXbpw Pohn-m Ign-tb-W-ta. sl]v Fh, lSv s\h. a\p sIm-pw hmp sIm-pw {]hrn sIm-pw addp--hsc klm-bn-p-Xv ]pWyhpw t{Zmln-p-Xv ]m]hpw BIp-p.
kplrZw k `qtXjp F XXz-{]-Imcw Fs Da kplr-mbn Fs Dnepw ]pdpw IqsSbpw \nv B] _m-h-\m-bn, in Zmb-I-\m-bn, t{]a Zmb-I-\m-bn, I {]tNm-Z-I-\mbn Fs A\p-{K-ln-m-epw. kplrZv
KpW--fmb A\-t]-, ipNn, Z, DZm-ko-\w, KX-hy-Y, km-cw` ]cn-XymKw Fnh Fn Ftmgpw
D-m-I-W-ta.
`K-hmt\ Fs bYm _p an{Xm-Zn-I-fmb kXy-am-Ip amXm-hv, m\-am-Ip ]nXm-hv, [-amIp ktlm-Z-c, imn-bm-Ip ]Xv\n, kl-\-am-Ip ]p{X, t{]a-am-Ip ]p{Xn, tbmKn-I-fm-Ip kplr-p-
Fn-h-tcm-sSmv Pohn-m A\p-{K-ln-t-W-ta.
`K-hmt\ Bym-nI ]ptcm-K-Xn-p XrjvW Fn Ftmgpw D-m-I-Wta. kXy-kmbn tkhm kwL-S\ hlnp \ma-nepw B \ma-ns {]uVnpw kt-i-n-\p-a-\p-k-cnv B \maw {]N-cn-n-m Ign-tb-W-ta; Hcp \
a\p-jy F Ion D-m-I-W-ta; kXy-kmbn tkhm kwL-S-\-bn {]hnp--Xn\v kzman \ntin-n-p Cu
aqv ASn-m\ tbmKy-X-Iv hn]-co-X-amb Hcp sXddpw Fs `mKv\nv D-m-h-cp-tX.
`K-hmt\, A-bpsS A\p-{Klw F\nv Ftmgpw A\p-`-h-s-tSWta; AXn-\mbn Fs icoct_m[w amd-dm
klm-bn-m-epw. Rm ico-c-a Bm-hmWv F t_m[w Fn Ftmgpw D-m-I-W-ta. tZtlm tZhm-eb
t{]mtm Pothm tZh k\m-X-\l F t_m[w Fn Ftmgpw D-m-I-W-ta.
`K-hmt\ Fs Nn-I-tfbpw hmp-I-tfbpw {]hnItfbpw Hcpt]msebmm klm-bn-t-W-ta. F\nv {XnI-cW
ipn-tbmsS Pohn-m-\p A\p-{Klw Xm-epw. a\-tIw, hNtIw, ItWyIw alm--\l F t_m[w Fn
Ftmgpw D-m-I-W-ta. EXw hZn-jym-an. `P km[p kam-K-aw F XXz {]Imcw Fs Ftmgpw kw-K-n
Fn-t-W-ta.
`K-hmt\, Fs kwkvImc k-\m-Im A\p-{K-ln-m-epw; AXn-\mbn kXvNn--\w, kXv {]h\w, kZmNm-cw, ka-`m-h-\, kZv `mh-\, kZv KpW- Fnh Fn \ndp Xm-epw.

`K-hmt\ {ih-Ww, a\-\w, \nZn-[ym-k\w Fo {]{In-b-bn-eqsS Asb kmm-XvI-cn-m Ign-tb-W-ta. AbpsS hN\sf Ftmgpw tI m\pw hmbn-m\pw Ign-tb-W-ta. A-bpsS hN\fpsS B-cn-Imw Ftmgpw
Ab-hn-d-m Ign-tb-W-ta. F\nv A-bpsS kt-i-{]-Imcw Pohn-m Ign-tb-W-ta. hmIym A\p-k-m\w
{ih-Whpw XXzm A\p-k-m\w a\-\hpw tNXkn m]n-X-ky-bXv \nZn-[ym-k-\hpw BIp-p.
kmtem-Iyw, kmao-]yw, kmcq-]yw, kmbqPyw Fo {]{In-b-bn-eqsS Asb {]m]n-m Ign-tb-W-ta. ssZh
{]oXn, ]m] `oXn, kwL \oXn Fo XXz- {]Imcw Pohn-m Ign-tb-W-ta. ]yqcn-n, t]jykv, s]ko-sh-dkv
Fo XXz- {]Imcw Pohn-m Ign-tb-W-ta. Unthm-j, UUn-tIj, Unkn-n, Unkv{In-ant\j, Und-dant\-j Fo {]{In-b-bn-eqsS Asb {]m]n-m Ign-tb-W-ta. Cm in, m\ in, {Inbm in Fo {]{In-b-bneqsS Asb {]m]n-m Ign-tb-W-ta. sk^v tIm^n-Ukv, sk^v kmddnkv^mIvj, sk^v km{Inss^kv,
sk^v dnb-sse-tk-j Fo {]{In-b-bn-eqsS Asb {]m]n-m Ign-tb-W-ta. t^mtfm Z amkvd-d, s^bvkv Z
Uhn, ss^ddv Sp Z FUv, ^n\njv Z Kbnw Fo {]{In-b-bn-eqsS Asb {]m]n-m Ign-tb-W-ta. kv]ncn-Nz
am-n-eq-sSbpw (F-kv) Atkm-kn-tb-j am-n-eq-sSbpw (F) CUn-hn-Nz am-n-eq-sSbpw (sF) Asb
{]m]n-m Ign-tb-W-ta.
Asb kXy-h-Xn, AwK-h-Xn, A\-\y-h-Xn, \n[-\-hXn Fo cq]-n Bcm-[n-m Ign-tb-W-ta.
Imte kym kam-N-tcXv F thZ Iev]-\ -{]-Imcw \nXyhpw kym-h-\w BN-cn-m Ign-tb-W-ta. {]mX
ky, aym-nI ky, kmbw ky; kZm k Imtejp k{X lcn-n--\w.
`K-hmt\ {ih-Ww, Io-\w, hnjvWp- kva-c-Ww, ]mZ tkh-\w, h-\w, A-\w, Zmkyw, kmJyw, B-\n-thZ\w Fo \h-hn[ `n am-n-eqsS Asb {]m]n-p-hm klm-bn-t-W-ta.
hnth-Iw, sshcm-Kyw, jUv k-n, apap-Xzw Fo km[\m NXp-jvS-b- Znh-khpw A\p-jvSn-m-\p
A\p-{Klw Xm-epw.
hnthIw \nXym-\nXy hnth-Iw. imkv{Xw {]amWw tX Imcym-Imcy hyh-kvXn-X-l. Ddpv ]-kmcbpw aWepw tN an{in-X-n \nv ]-kmc am{Xw sXc-SppXp t]mse, lwkw ]mepw shhpw tN
an{in-Xn \nv ]mev am{Xw sXc-s-Sp-p-Xp t]mse, ]c-a-lw-k Bmhpw A\m-mhpw tN an{in-

Xn \nv B XXzw sXc-s-Sp-p-Xp t]mse \bpw Xnbpw Ie Cu temIv F\nv \-bpsS ]mXbneqsS
Pohn-m-\p A\p-{Klw Xm-epw. s\pw ]Xncpw thXn-cn--dn-bm Ign-tb-W-ta.
sshcmKyw {_ kXyw PKXv anYy F XXz {]Imcw F\nv Cu temIv \nw-K-am-bn, A Ad-dmvUv
Bbn, \natam \nc-l-\vImc `mh-n Pohn-m-\p A\p-{Klw Xm-epw. ataXn ]caw ZpJw, \ ataXn ]caw
kpJw. Hcp Ij-I-sbpw Pn-bp-tSbpw Imf-I; Iem-]-fpw kz-m-cpw. hoSv, `mcy, a, IpSpw-_w, kzv,
Ignhv Fmw Cuiz-c Gev]n-Xv am{Xw.
jUv k-n iaw (It{Sm Hm^v ssaUv), Zaw (It{Sm Hm^v t_mUn BUv skk-kv), D]-cXn (C-jvSm\njvS hyXym-k-an-m-sX, i{Xp--an{X hyXym-k-an-m-sX, Rm--F-s--\n-s--a-d-dp--h F
hyXym-k-an-m-sX) XnXn (B-ym-mZn {]m]vX ZpJw {]mcm_v[ thK-X, ANn-bm XXv kl\w XnXnm
DNy-tX. {]m]vX ZpJ Ak-ln-jvWptXz \ Zriy-tX-C-tmv D]-{Z-hn-p--h-sc-tmepw klm-bn-p-I.. \_n,
Xncp-h-p-h), {i (th-Z-, imkv{X-, Ah-Xmc kt-i- Fn-h-bn-ep AN--e-amb hnizm-kw),
kam-[m\w (kp-Jw--Zp-Jw, Pbw--]-cm-P-bw, em`w--\-jvSw, NqSv--X-Wpv Fo Zzsf Htc coXn-bn
ImW) Fo jUv k-nI Znh-khpw BN-cn-m Ign-tb-W-ta. icn-bmb hnZym-`ym-kw-sIm-v Zaw hfm
km[n-pw. Ctm aZw hf-cp-p. icn-bmb hnZym-`ym-kw-sIm-v km-c-cm-Im km[n-pw; Ctm cmk-m-cm-Ip-p.
apap-Xzw B kmm-Xvm-c-n-\p A\p-{Klw \tI-W-ta. Fs bYm kzcq]w a\-n-em-m-\p
A\p-{Klw \tI-W-ta. icn-bmb hnZym-`ym-kw-sIm-v Fs km-c-\m-Im klm-bn-m-epw; Ctm cm-kmcmp hnZym-`ym-k-am-Wv. {]m\w {_, Alw {_m-kvan, XXz-a-kn, Ab-amm {_, GImm k
`q-Xm--cm-m, kw hnjvWp-abw PK-Xv, Fo XXz kmmIcnm Ign-tb-W-ta.
Bcq-Vky hnth-Imizw Xo{h sshcmKy JKn\l XnXnm h bpkyl {]Xn-tbmKo \ Zriy-tX.
{]]--nse Fm hkvXppw, Av LS-Ifp-v: BkvXn, `mn,- {]nbw, \maw, cq]w kXv--Nn-Xv--B\w\m-aw--cq]w kXyw--in-hw--kp--cw--\m-aw--cq-]w. Ch-bn BZys aqv LS-I- Fm
hkvXppw tIma BWv. \mafpw cq]fpw hyXy-kvX-am-Wv. kzPm-Xob {]hm-lw, hnPm-Xob Xnc-

kvIrXn F XXz {]Imcw s]mXp-hmb LSIsf kzoI-cnpIbpw hyXymksf Xp-Ibpw sNbvXm GIXzw Zinmw.
`K-hmt\ amXr-tZthm `h, ]nXr tZthm `h, BNmcy tZthm `h, AXnYn tZthm `h, kXyw hZ [w Nc Fo
`mc-Xnb aqey--\p-k-cnv Pohn-m-\p A\p-{Klw Xm-epw. tZl amXm, tZi amXm, `q amXm, tKm
amXm, thZ amXm Fo ] amXm-sf BZ-cn-m\pw _lp-am-\n-m\pw IgntbWta.
`K-hmt\ AssZz-X-{Xb t_m[w Fn-ep--m-n-X-m-epw. `mh AssZzXw (G-Imm k `qXm--cm-m,
Xqhm-e), {Inbm AssZzXw ({]-IrtX {Inb-am-Wm\n KpssW ImWn kil Al-\vImc hnaq-Vmm Iml-anXn a\y-tX), ]Zm AssZzXw (Fmw ]`qX \nnXw) F AssZz-X-{Xb t_m[w Fn-ep--m-n-X-mepw.
\ \nd kz`m-h-t-m henb ]mWvUnXyw asm-n-. kkz`m-hs hfn-sb-Sp--emWv A-I-c-Ws
ipo-I-cn-m\p Ghpw \ amw. AXp-sIm-v kXyw, [w, imn, t{]aw, Alnwk XpS-nb ]hn{X KpWsf hfn-sb-Sp-m-\p A\p-{Klw Xm-epw.
Cuizc kmm-XvImcw B{K-ln-p Hcp km[-I\v sshcm-Kyhpw m\hpw IqSntb Ign-bp. euInI B{K-l-tfmSv hnc-nbpw Bm-hn-s\-Ip-dnp t_m[-hm-\m-Im-\p m\-hpw. Fm-hcpw, Fm hkvXp-fpw
hyXykvX \ma--fnepw cq]--fnepap Cuiz-cs cq]--fm-sWp hniz-kn-p--hv am{Xta `n-sb-Ipdnpw tkh-sb-Ip-dnpw ]d-bm-\p Al-X-bp-q.
CZw At{K B Gh Bko-Xv. GtIm-lw, _lp-kymw. btah hr\p-tX, tX\ e`y-l. ssZhm-[o\w PKXv kw. kXym[o-\w Xp ssZh-Xw. XXv kXyw D-am-[o-\w. Dtam ]c ssZh-Xw.
thZtfbpw imkv{X--tfbpw Ah-K-Wn-m ]m]w, Xm]w, Am\w Fnh hnm CS hcpw. Ch-bn
\nv c t\Sm Bm-hns\ icWw {]m]n--Ww. Bm-hns\ Bm-cm-a Fpw ]d-bp-p. cma \ma-n-e-S-nb-cn-p An XXz-n\v ]m]s `kvao-I-cn-m-\p Ign-hp--v. BZnXy XXz n\v AP-Rm-\m--Im-cs Zqco-Icn-m-\p in-bp--v. N{-X-Xz-n\v a\-ns\ XWp-n-m\pw ka-Nn-X ssIh-cp-m-\p-ap in-bp--v.

P\n-m-\p ImcWw Ihpw acn-m-\p ImcWw Imehpw BIp-p. P\-\-n-tbpw ac-W-n-tbpw CSv
Pohs cn-Xmhv Bm-hm-Ip-p, Cuiz-c-\m-Ip-p. AXp-sIm-v B t_m[-n, Cuizc kvac-W-bn,
kXm k Imtejp k{X lcn-n--\-tmsS Pohn-m-ep A\p-{Klw Xm-epw.
Cuiz-cs A\p-{K-l-ap--m-bm Hcp {Klhpw \sf _m[n-n-. Fm `qX fp-tSbpw \mY\mb Cuiz-cs
A\p-{K-l-ap--m-bm Hcp `qXhpw \sf _m[n-n-. Cuizc kvacW \S-m Krl- Kpl-I-fmWv Fv `Khm]d-bp-p. Cuizc kvacW \S-m `h-\- shdpw h\- am{X-am-sWpw `K-hm ]d-bp-p.
`K-hmt\, A-I-c-W--fpsS m\hpw tPmenbpw a\-n-em-m-\p A\p-{Klw Xm-epw; a\-v, Nnw,
_pn, Al-\vImcw Fn-h-bmWv A-I-c-W-;
a\-ns m\w It]mew AYhm apJ-am-Ip-p. hkvXp-sf BIjn--emWv a\-ns tPmen. A-I-cWw
kwIev]fnepw hnIev]fnepw apgp-Ip-tm AXns\ a\v Fv ]d-bp-p.
Nn-ns m\w \m`n BIp-p; hkvXp-sf a\-n-em--emWv Nn-ns tPmen; A-I-cWw Akz-kvXhpw
N-ehpw BIp-tm AXns\ Nnw Fv ]d-bp-p.
_pn-bpsS m\w \mhv BIp-p; hkvXp-sf hnth-Nnv And-b-emWv _pn-bpsS tPmen; hm-p-Isf icnbmbpw ]hn-{X-ambpw D]-tbm-Kn-pp F\vIn _pn icn-bmb Zni-bn-eqsS k-cn-pp FmWv Aw.
A-I-cWw At\z-j-W-nepw And-hnepw apgp-Ip-tm AXns\ _pn Fp ]d-bp-p.
Al-\vIm-c-ns m\w lrZ-b-am-Ip-p. Hcp hkvXp-hn-t\mSv A\p-Iq-e-amtbm {]Xn-Iq-e-amtbm Xocpam-\-sa-Sp--emWv Al-\vIm-c-ns tPmen. Al-\vIm-cs AYhm icoc t_m[s ASn--an Iog-S-n-bm lrZbw
]cn-ip--ambn F-Xn\v sXfn-hm-Wv. A-I-cWw Rm, FtXv Fo tXm-ep-I-fn s]Sp-tm AXns\ Al\vImcw Fp ]d-bp-p.
a\v sshhn-y--tfbpw hyXym-k--tfbpw ImWp--Xn hymhr-X-am-Ip-p. Fm _pn GI-Xz-n
hnp-Ibpw \m\m-Xz-n GIXzw shfn-s-Sp-p-Ibpw sNpp. \psS Fm {ia-fpw \m\m-Xz-n
GIXzw Zin-m-\m-bn-cn--Ww.

AjvSmwK tbmK--fpsS XXzw a\-n-emn kw hnjvWp-abw PKXv F XXzw kmmcnm klmbn-t-Wta. baw, \nb-aw, Bk-\w, {]mWm-bm-aw, {]Xym-lm-cw, [mc-W, [ym\w, kam[n Fn-h-bmWv
AjvSmwK tbmK-.
baw Alnw-k, kXyw, {_-N-cyw, BkvtX-bw, A]-cn-{Kmlw Fo Av XXz--f-S-n-b-XmWv baw. ico-ctmSpw C{n-b--tfm-Sp-ap kwKw Dt]-n-pI F-XmWv baw F XXzw sIm-v Dt-in-p--Xv.
\nbaw iuNw, X]-v, ktm-jw, kzmym-bw, Cuizc {]Wo-[\w Fo Av XXz--f-S-n-b-XmWv \nb-aw.
]c-am-m- hn-t\m-Sp A\p-kyqX t{]a-amWv \nbaw F XXzw sIm-v Dt-in-p--Xv.
{]mWm- bmaw izmkw Dn-tev FSp-p-tm B-`mhw kzoI-cn-p--Xmbpw \ne-\nptm BXXzw \ne-\np-Xmbpw \nizmkw ]pdtv hnSp-tm tZl-`mhw Dt]-n-p--Xmbpw `mhn-p-I. Cu
temIw bYm-a F XXz-amWv {]mWm-bm-a-ns B-cn-I-amb Aw; {_ kXyw, PKXv anYy.
{]Xym-lmcw Nns GIm-{K-ambn, \nc--c-am-bn, t\cnv Dn-ep Bm-hn-tev Xncn-pI F-XmWv
{]Xym-lmcw F- XXzw sIm-v Dt-in-p--Xv.
[mcW Nns \n-eam-bn, AN--e-am-bn, B XXz-n Dd-nv \ndp-p--Xn-s\-bmWv [mcW Fp
]d-bp--Xv. Nns bYm B XXz-n am{Xw tI{oIcn-p-I. Nnw Ftmv Xncnmepw Ahn-sS-sbms
{_s ImWm AXns\ ]cn-io-en-n-p--Xns\ [mcW Fp ]d-bp-p.
[ym\w Htc Zni-bn-tev A[hm B XXz-n-tev m\w {]h-ln-p--Xn\v [ym\w Fp ]d-bp-p. t_m[-aWvU-es A\-kyq-X-ambn GIm `mh-n Ncn-npXn\v [ym\w Fp ]d-bp-p. Fm hyXym-k-fpw `nX-Ifpw amdn Htc Hcp {_s am{Xw A\p-`-hn-p Ah--bvmWv [ym\w Fp ]d-bp--Xv. AXmWv [ym\ns e-Ww, k.
kam[n cq]s Ah-K-Wnv AXns B-cn-I-amb As kzoI-cn--emWv kam[n Pohm-mhpw ]c-ammhpw Xn Aev]w t]mepw hyXym-k-an Fp \mw a\-n-em-p--Xn-s\-bmWv kam[n Fp ]d-bp-Xv. kam-[nsb khn-Iev] kam-[n, \nhn-Iev] kam[n Fn-s\ c-mbn Xcw Xncn-mw. khn-Iev] kam-[nbn
m\w, PtR-bw, ]cn-mX Fn--s\bp {Xn]pSn kz`mhw \ne-\npp. \nhn-Iev] kam[nbn m\w,

PtR-bw, ]cn-mX Fn--s\bp hnI-ev]--fn-, {Xn]pSn hyXymkfn-. Fmw {_-am-Wv. Fm km[-\Ifpw Hgp-In-sbp kap-{Z-amWv kam-[n. cq]w shSnv XXzs kmmcn-emWv kam-[n. D]m-[n-Isf
amd-dn-bm LSm-Im-iw, aTm-Im-iw, alm-Imiw Fnh Hm-Ip-p. icocw F D]m-[nsb Ah-K-Wn-m
Poth-iz-c\pw ]c-ta-iz-c\pw Hm-Ip-p. Fm-h-cn-epw, Fm-d-dn-epw, Fm-bn-Spw, Ftm-gp-ap
ssZhs Bcm-[nv kam[n Ah {]m]n-mw. Kpcphnt\mSv {]Wn-]m-tZ\, ]cn-{]-ivt\-\, tkhbm kam[n {]m]nmw. hnmX {_ XXzky bYm-]qw \ kw{kn-Xn. kw ssZh-abw Fp ImWm Ign-bpw.
aa ambm Zpc-Xy-bm, amtah tb {]]-Zy-t, ambm-taXmw Xc-ntX F KoXm hN\a\p-k-cnv Rm\nXm
Fs-s Atv kan-p-p. Fs `nbpw {]]-nbpw kzoI-cn-m-epw. ]q-p-p- A-q--bpsS CwKn-Xn-\-\p-k-cnv \np-sIm-Sp-p--Xp-t]m-se, Ipc- Ipv A-Ip-c-ns\ apdpsI ]nSnv kIe B]-p-I-fn
\npw c-s-Sp--Xp-t]mse F\nv A-bn icWw {]m]n-m Ign-tb-W-ta. Fm-h-tcbpw kzman-bn-epw
(]-c-am-m-hn-epw) kzmansb (]-c-am-m-hn-s\) Fm-h-cnepw ImWm Ign-tb-W-ta. Ftmgpw A-sbp-dnv, ]camm-hn-s\-Ip-dnv Nnn-m-\p A\p-{Klw Xm-epw. FmImcy-fpw A-bpsS (]-c-ammhv, a\-m-n-bpsS) k-X-tmsS sNm\p A\p-{Klw Xm-epw. Fs {isb Ftmgpw A-bn
tI{oIcnm\p A\p-{Klw Xm-epw. qe cq]-n Av bPam\\pw Rm tkh-I-\p-am-Ip-p. kqva cq]-n
Av hkvXphpw Rm \ng-ep-am-Ip-p. ImcW cq]-n Rm Apw Av Rm\p-am-Ip-p. kzman-bpsS hN
\w.
Akw-tKm-l-a-\w-tKm-l-a-enw-tKm-l-alw lcn, {]im-tm-l-a-\-tmlw ]cn-]qnc--\, AIm-l-a-t`m-ml-a-hn-Im-tcm-l-a-hy-b, iptm t_m[ kzcq-t]mlw tIh-temlw kZm-in-h.
`K-hmt\ F\nv Asb kmmcnm Ign-tb-W-ta; AXn-\mbn Av D]-tZinnp {]m\I sNm A\phZnmepw; Rm ssZh-am-Wv, Rm ssZh-am-Wv, Rm ssZh-n \npw `n-a-. Rm AJWvU ]c-{_-am-Wv, kn-Zm-\--am-Wv. k-Shpw DXvI-WvTbpw Fs _m[n-p-I-bn-. Rm kwXr-]vX\mWv. `bw Fs
_m[n-p-I-bn-. Atbm Bmth, Hmw XXv kXv, Hmw XXv kXv Fp ]d-bq; B ]cn-]q kXyw Rm\m-Ipp. B ]c-a-amb kXyw Rm\m-Ip-p.

\nj v{Intbm \ntXym \nhn-I-evt]m, \nhn-Imtcm \ncm-Imtcm \nXy-ap-tmkvan \na-em-l. bYm

hmtNm \nhXyt A{]m]y a\-km-k-l. AhmMv a\-km -k-l; _pn -{Kmlyw AXo-{n-bw; AtWm -c-Wobm
al-tXm- a-lo-bm. ZqcmXv Zqsc, An-tI- N. A_-ln XXv k hym]y \mcm-bW nX-l. ]iy--]nN \ ]iyXn
aqtVm. Cuim-hm-ky- anZw kw. kw hnjvWp-abw PK-Xv. Cuizc k`qXm-\mw. kw JeznXw
{_.
`K-hmt\ Av Fm ]-`q-X--fnepw nXn sNpp. AXp-sIm-v Asb Fm-hcpw ]-`qX cq]-n,
`qaotZhn-bm-bn, KwKmtZhn-bm-bn, An tZh-\m-bn, hmbp tZh-\mbn, i_vZ {_-a-b-\mbn Bcm-[n-pp. Hmw Ivfnw (`qan) IrjvWmb (P-ew) tKmhn-mb (A-n) tKm]o-P-\-h--`mb (hm-bp) kzml (B-Im-iw).
Av BImi XXz-n i_vZ {_-ambpw hmbp XXz-n {]mW in-bmbpw An XXz-n Pm{KXm inbmbpw Pe XXz-n {]m in-bmbpw `qan XXz-n tNX\m in-bmbpw \nesImp-p. AXp-sIm-v kXyw,
[w, imn, t{]aw, Alnwk Fo ]-aq-ey sIm-v ]-`q-X-, ]-X-m-{X-I, ]t-{nb, ]tImi-,
]{]mW, A-I-c-W- Fn-hsb iphpw ]hn-{X-hp-amn Znhy-amb PohnXw \bn-m-\p A\p-{Klw
Xm-epw.
`K-hmt\ Av AWvU-Pw, ]nWvU-Pw, tkzZ-Pw, DZv`nPw Fn--s\-bp 84 ew Poh-Pm-e--fnepw
nXn sNpp. am{X-a-, abo k- anXw t{]mw kqt{X aWn-KWm Ch F XXz {]Imcw Av Fm NcmN-c--tfbpw tImn-W-p {_-kq-{X-am-Ip-p. Hmw {io kmbn {_-kq-{Xmb \a-l. Hmw {io kmbn
thZm-h-Xm-cmb \a-l. Hmw {io kmbn \m\m imkv{Xm-h-Xm-cmb \a-l. Hmw {io kmbn m\m-h-Xm-cmb
\a-l. Hmw {io kmbn km-h-Xm-cmb \a-l.
`K-hmt\ Av Fm Ncm-N-c--fnepw nXn sNpp. Fm Ncm-N-c-fpw A-bnepw nXn sNpp.
Hns\ ]e-Xmbn ImWp-Xv {`ahpw ]e-Xns\ Hmbn ImWp-Xv {_hpw BIp-p. AXp-sIm-v Fs {`as
amddn F\nv {_-n Ncn-m-\p A\p-{Klw Xm-epw.
Atbm a\-t, \o Fs aqns Imhm-c-\m-bn-cp-m-epw; \mknI Xcp tkmlw F ktins, a{-ns
B-cn-Imw a\-n-em-n-bm-epw. B-t_m-[-tbpw kev]-tfbpw HmIvkn-P t]mse Dn-tev kzoI-cn-t-

-Xpw ico-c-t_m-[-tbpw hnI-ev]--tfbpw Im_Utbm-IvsskUv t]mse ]pd-tv Xt--XpamIpp FmWv

\mkn-I-bpsS kt-iw.
Im]-Wy-tZmtj lX kz`m-h-l; Rm ico-c-amWv F Am-\-n \np--m-bn-p kz`mh Zqjys amd-dm
klm-bn-m-epw; injy-kvtXlw imYnamw {]]-w. Fs Pohm-mhv F \nev injy-\mbn kzoI-cn-m-epw.
Icntjy hN \w Xh. A-bpsS hN\ {]Imcw Pohn-m-\p A\p-{Klw Xm-epw.
\jvtS tamlw kvarXn e_v[zm; Fs tamls amddn F\nv m\w \evIn-bm-epw; Fs ad-hnsb amddn
Hmsb hos--Sp-m klm-bn-m-epw. Alw Bm-hns aI\mIp-p. a\v Al-ns aI\mIp-p. hNv a\-ns
aI\mIp-p. Cuiz-c\pw a\p-jy\pw Xn-ep At`-Zy-amb _w Xncn--dn-bm klm-bn-m-epw. AXn\v AmsX asmcp ic-W-an-. A\yXm icWw \mkvXn, Xztah icWw aa, XkvamXv ImcpWy `mth\ c c kmboiz-c. lcn Hmw XXv kXv. {io kmbo-iz-cm-W-a-kvXp. Hmw imn. imn. imn-ln.
Hmw \tam `K-htX Xp`yw hS-aqehm-knt\ {]RvPm-ta-[m-Zn- knnZm-bnt\ ambnt\ \a. hmKzo-imb almm-\mb kzmlm.
{_m-l-anXn hnmb k hrn hnhn-X-l. bYm \ncn-n-t\m-hn kzb-tahw {]im-ar-Xn.
hnmX {_-X-Xzky bYm-]qw \ kwkr-Xn.
CXn kw ambm-am{X hnIm-k-Xzw.
\ ta tZtl\ kw_tm tatL-t\h hnlm-b-k-l.
Pm{K-Xv--kz-]v\--kp-jp-]vXymZn {]]w bZv {]Im-i-tX, XZv {_m-l-anXn mXzm k _ss {]ap-NytX.
{]koX ]c-am-\, {]koX ]c-ta-iz-c, B[n--hym[n `pPw-tK\ ZjvSw amap-c {]t`m. kwkmc kmK-tc-aw amapc PKZv {]t`m.
bXv ]iy-Xn Xp X kw {_ ]iy kam lnX-l.

bZyXv ip-a-ip-whm ItcmXym ac-Wm-n-Iw, Xkw {_tW Ipcym-Xv.

tb bYm amw {]]Zyt, Xmw kvXssYh `Pm-ay-lw.
\ amw Im-Wn -en-Xn, \ ta I ^tejp kv]rlm.
m\mn kImWn `kvamXv IpcptX XYm.
kw kv]iPm t`mKm, BZy--h-l, \ catX _p[-l.
tbmKo Bm\mw clkn nX-l.
bYm Zot]m \nhm-XkvtXm, tbmKnt\m bX Nn-ky.
bw e_v[zm Nm ]cw em`w, a\ytX \m[nIw XX.
at\m \n{Klw A`ym-tk-\ -Xp, sshcm-tKyW N.
ipNo\mw{ioaXmw tKlw.
\mlw {]Im-il k-ky, tbmK ambm kam-hr-X-l.
\ ta ` {]W-iy-Xn.
m\ Zot]\ `mkz-Xm-l.
\ln tX `K-h hynw hnZp, tZhm \ Zm\-hm-l.
{]Xn-jvSmlw [-ky.
At\I Nn hn{`m--l, [\--am-\--a-Zm-\zn-Xm-l. hnjm-Zo, ZoL kq{Xo-N.
{_W kv{Xnhn[ kvarXl Hmw XXv kXv.
ta[mho On kwi-b-l.
Ahn-`w hn`-t-jp.