UDC 811.1601367.

62

*gb / *gyb / *gub

- .
*gb / *gyb / *gub, -
. e ,
-
.

e .
: , , . *gb / *gyb / *gub,
, , .
This paper gives an account of the lexical, word formation and semantic structure of the
Proto-Slavic word family *gb / *gyb / *gub using the theoretical-methodological frame
work of prototype theory. The paper studies the overall semantic struct ure of the word family,
the basic semantic and word formation character istics of the lexemes belonging to it and the
meaning conf ig urations of its cent ral members. The research showed that the mentioned lin
guistic categor ies are prototypically organized since they exhibit the feat ures of non-equality
and non-discreteness which play a major role in the prototype-theoretical concept.
Key words: Proto-Slavic, Slavic lang uages, PSl. bases *gb / *gyb / *gub, cognitive
ling uistics, histor ical semantics, prototype theory.

1. . . *gb
/ *gyb / *gub, (; SP),1

.
,
. , ,

.
. , ,
, ,

(178007),
.
1
. ,
. .
, , ,
.

t p g gt LIV/2 (2011): 1529.

16

,
, -
.
- .
*gb / *gyb / *gub -
.
-
, .


.
2.




.
, (Langacker
1987: 1213) , .
, ,
, (Lak
off 1987: 5),
(Gee r ae rts 1997: 7)
(Lak
off 1987: 58). ,
,
2
,
ack
er 1987: 1617; Lak
off 1987; Gee r ae rts
(Lang
1997: 1023).3 .


,
,

; ,
,
,
(Lang
ack
er
2
,
, ,
; ,
, (Rosch
Merv
is 1975: 573574, Gee r ae rts 1997: 1011; Lang
ack
er 1987: 16).

, , ,
(Gee r ae rts 2006 [1989]: 142). ,
, ,
,
(Lak
off 1987: 7).
3

off 1987: 1257.
. Lak
. Evans Green 2006: 249.
. Gee r ae rts 2010: 244249.

 *gb / *gyb / *gub

17

1987: 1617, 371).

, ( )
is 1975: 574575, Gee r ae rts
(Rosch Merv
1997: 12).
(Merv
is Rosch 1981: 109).

(non-discreteness),
,
(non-equality),
;
,
(Gee r ae rts 1997: 21). 4
, .

off 1987: 13, 56).
(Lak
, ,
,
: , , ,
, . (Gee r ae rts 2006 [1989]: 144145),5
,
( )
,
ack
er 1987: 369, 378, 386).
(Lang

(Gee r ae rts 1997).
,
, ,
.
,
: (
), ,
, ,
,
, , ,

4



, (Gee r ae rts
1997: 112114).
5
, ,
(K lik
ov
ac 20062;
2008), (K lik
ov
ac 2004: 167188),
(K lik
ov
ac 2004: 239256), (
2001),
(R as ul i 2004),

2006)
(
-
2007: 6176).
(

18

(Langacker 1987: 380, 381, 396; R asuli 2004: 38).

, , ,
,
6 (Tyler Evans 2003: 4548).
, .
, -
, ,
.
.


(Lang
ack
er 1987: 376)
(R aff ae ll i 2000: 136;
20102: 82).

.
(Lang
ack
er 1987: 381; Gerarts 1997: 62).

,

, 7
. , , , (Lak
off 1987:
91; Nerl ich Clark
e 2003: 5).
3. . *gb / *gyb / *gub

, , ,
,
:
1. . *gb / *gyb / *gub ,
2. ,
3. .8

. .
. , ,
.

6
.

;
,
(
2001: 1821; 20102:
202204).
(
- 1997: 136139;
20102)
,
-

(
2004; Drag
i ev
i 2010: 2627; R aff ae ll i K er ov
ec 2008).
7
, ,
,
, . .
8
.

 *gb / *gyb / *gub

19

,
-
() ,
( 2008: 20,
32).

.

:


.
3.1.
(). ,
,
.

,
, ,
ack
er 1987: 380).
(. Lang
.
.9
, . . gbti, gumba, gbo ,
, , . gubt, gubstu, gubu , ,
, gbuoties , ( 7: 188, 217; SP 8: 320),
. *g( u)eubh ( biegen, . LIV 2001: 188),
-
.
,
, .

() , ; ; , ;
,
,
, .
.
()
(),

. .. .
*gybati (s), ,
, . , , ;
9
60 ,
(; SP), , (
) 50 ().

20

, - (). , , e
, , ,
.
; ; ,

() .
:
() , , ,
, . ; ; (SP 8: 333; ESJS 4: 213;
. LIV 2001: 188).
:
, , , , ,
, ,

,
(. ) (. Cie nk
i 1998: 305;
-
2007: 360).
, , .
,
.
, (.

-
l.c.).
() ,
, (
) (ESJS 4: 213; Nm
ec 1954). . . ,
, .
(

2: 322).10
;
() , ,
(SP 8: 298).
3.2.
,

. *g(b)n ti
(), *gybati (s) ; , *gy(b)n ti ;
; *gubiti ; .
*g(b)n
ti oj je .

(; SP) .11
:
, . .
*bgati ( 7: 188189; SP 8: 320).
10

. K li kovac 2004: 161 ..

. , , .
*gybati (SP 8: 320), .
11

 *gb / *gyb / *gub

21

,
-
.

.
, . *nagbn ti (s),
*nagybati (s),12 *jzgy(b)n
ti, *jzgubiti (. 22: 6970, 76; 9: 3233),
.
*orzgubjati , ; ,
- , *orzgubiti
; (. 33: 122123) *obgybati (s)

: 1. *gybati
*ob , . . gbati impf. ,
: ogbati pf. , , 2.
*obgbn ti
, . . ohnouti se pf. ();
: ohbati (se) impf. (); (. 27: 58
59; 7: 216 217). ,
( .
2006)
( , ).

, . *g(b)tati .
( 7: 189), .
. (SP 8: 320).
.
*gb- nomina acti(onis), . . *gbe ,
, , < *gbn ti, *gbati ( 7: 188; SP 8:
319), nomina resultativa, . . *gybanica ,
< *gybati ( 7: 216; SP 8: 319) nomina instrumenti,
. . *gybadlo < *gybati
; () ( 7: 216).
, . . *gybk < *gybati ( 7: 219; SP 8:
333334) , . . *obgybn(j)
, (27: 60), *obgyb / *obgyb
*obgybati, *obgybn ti.
: . *dvogub , , ,
, *dv gub ( 5: 190; SP 5: 178), *dngub
/ *dnguba , *dn
*gubiti, *dn gubiti ( 5: 214).

. ,
:
,

*obgybati (s), .
12

22

.13 , ., ., .
*gban(n)ica , ( 7: 187; SP 8:
319; 2: 160) . *negyba , (
24: 131), , . *gbk ,
( 7: 189; SP 8: 321;
1984: 112),

( , *gybk),
, . *gubitel
( 7:
165166; SP 8: 297), *gbit(), .
hbit ,
gbit , ( 7: 188), .
. .
. Gebiet (SP 8: 320).
,


.
14
:
*orz + *gbn ti *orzgbn ti (s) ( 33: 126)
*orzgybati (s) *orzgyb (id. 132)
*orz + *gybati

*orzgybati (s)
*orzgyb .
*gb / *gyb / *gub. ,
: , ,
, ,
.
. *gb ,
,
.

. ,
.
*gb .
,
,

.
13

, ,

.
14
.
2009.

 *gb / *gyb / *gub

23

, .


, ., ., .-. ;15 .-. , . ;16
., . ohnivo, . ogniwo, ., . :
, , ,
, , , .;17 . . () impf. /
() pf. (), (); (); () ;
( , ); ; ; ;
; ( ), .18 ,
, . *gb
*bg,
, .
3.3.
.

. *gb *g(b)n ti , *gybati (s) ;
, *gy(b)n ti ; ; *gubiti
;
, .
, . -
:

*lupati .


() (-
2002: 175).
(...) ()
, . ,
, ,
. (...) ,

15
. ( 24: 131), . . ( 1974:
211214), *negba *gb / *gyb, .
. *negy, *negve ( ) ( 1998: 5960),
(Skok 2: 510),
rov
ics 1985: 374375).
(H ad
16
. . . . *obgba
< . *gb ( 27: 48), . . .
*bg (Sadn
ik Aitz etmller 2: 110111).
17
. , .
*obgbn ti ( 27: 4850), (Brckner 1957 [1927]: 375)
ek 1968: 410) . *ognivo
(Mach
.
18
. : *obgybati (s)
( 27: 5859) *obbygati
( 26: 127), (1:
257258) . . .
, . s.v. bgati (SP 1: 463).

24

,
(id. 305).

.
, ,
,
.
,
( ),
, .
(. Gee r ae rts 1997: 163175).
. *gb

-

(.
2010: 4950). *gybati (s), () ,
.
,
> y * (SP 1: 4647),
. *gubiti

: *i,
(. SP 1: 5657).
,
.

. j
.

.
, , . *g(b)n ti ,
,
. *gybati,


. (), *gy(b)n ti,
, . *g(b)n ti,
( 7: 188); .
(SP 8: 320).
*gybati :
19 () (SP 8: 331),
.
, ,
., ., .-. gQbati . gbati
19


ti.
*g(b)n

 *gb / *gyb / *gub

25

. , , .
, .-. , .
ati . gybati, gyblje perire (le thme din
finitif en ati est imaginaire),
gyblje gybne *gy(b)n ti,
(Vaill ant 1965: 128).20 .
, .-.,
,
es co 1948: 375382, 386), . .-.
je (Ted
. . gbati,
, .
pogbati (Plet ern
ik).
. *gy(b)n ti ; ;
.
, , ( 7: 188189). ,
, - :
impf. ; ,
/ pf. ( )21
, impf. ().

.. . *gy(b)nti.
, ,
(). RJA
,
. , , . .
. , ,
,
.22
. / pf.
. *gy(b)n ti
. *gybati ( 7: 188). M,
.-.
.
. *gubiti,
; ,
, . *gy(b)n
ti, .
.. , , . . , ,
( 7: 166).
,
.23
20
. , . . n
, : There is no evidence for an inf initive gXbati (Lunt 20017: 130).
21
. . (Ben
e i).
22
. . / , ; (
) ( XIXVII), . ;
; ; . ( ).
23
. Go
b 1968: 1516;
-
2007: 369.

26

, .
*gy(b)n ti, ; ; ,
() ,
. *gubiti, . . . hinout
( 7: 218), hynout nco (Mach
ek 1968: 193)
. ; ,
,
, (), , .
(
1987: 357).
: . .
.
, ,
, -
. , , ,
,
-
, (Go
b 1968:
2023). .. , , . - (2007: 91)
(
) ,
,
.
( ),

(. Top ol i
s ka 2010: 46), ..
,
(
-
2007: 1617).


, ,
.
,
,
.
*gubiti,
- .
, , , -, , . ,
-
,
, .
.-.
:
, . , , ,
(RJA),
, ,

 *gb / *gyb / *gub

27

6,
(). , ,
.
, ,
, , , ,
, , .

( 2008: 176).
4. . - .
*gb / *gyb / *gub
.
,
.

:

.

- . .

, . . (
). : , 2006.

, . , .
: , 1984.
-
, . .
( ..
21). : , 2002.

-, . (
.. 14). : , 1997.

-
, . . :
, 2007.

-
, . . -
, (.). o
. : , 2010, 4362.
, . , IIV. : ,
198119828.

, . .
( .. 18). :
, 2001.

, . . VIII (2004): 120127.

, . . : , 20102.
(. ), 1. : ,
, 2003.

, . . ,
(.). . : , 2008, 95127.

, . , III. : , 1987.

, . (
). (.).
. : , 2006, 163173.

28

(. ) ( .. 15).
: , 1998.
, . 2.
. 1972 (1974): 208214.
, . . :

, 2009.
(. ).
: , , 1986.
. IIII. :
, 19671969. IVVI. : , 19711976.
, 1. : ,
, 1959.
XIXVII IVII ., 1. : , 1975.
, . .
. : , 2008.

, . . , 15. : , 19751990.

, . (
), IIV. : , 198619872.
(. ), 1.
: , 1974.
*
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e i, Julije. Rjenik hrvatskoga knjievnoga jezika od preporoda do I. G. Kovaia (priredio
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i, Alan. Slavic Roots for Straight and Bent: Exper iential Gestalts, Concept ual Metaphors,
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i, Rajna. Leksika semantika u srbistici krajem 20. i poetkom 21. veka. Christian Vo,
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rov
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off, George. Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things. What Categories Reveal about Mind. Chicago
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ack
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Mar ija Vukovi

THE PROTO-SLAV IC WORD FAMILY *GB / *GYB / *GUB
IN LIGHT OF PROTOTYPE THEORY
S u m m a r y
This paper gives an accou nt of the Proto-Slavic word family *gb / *gyb / *gub, placed in
the framework of prototype theory. The research focuses on the overall semantic struct ure of the
word family, the basic semantic and word formation character istics of the group of lexical items
belonging to it, and the meaning conf ig urations of its cent ral members. It is arg ued that these lin
guistic categor ies are prototypically organized since they exhibit the feat ures of non-equality and
non-discreteness which play, according to D. Geeraerts, a major role in the prototype-theoretical
conception. Non-equality involves the fact that some members of a category are more salient repre
sentatives of the category than the others. Non-discreteness shows up in the fact that prototypical
categor ies are blurred at the edges which entails demarcation problems. The insights of the pro
totype-theoretical approach cont ributed signif icantly to the description and interpretation of the
semantic and word formation character istics of the above-mentioned Proto-Slavic word family.


36, 11000 ,
marivu74@yahoo.com