GV: Phm c Anh (THPT Bng Ring H.

Xuyn Mc - BRVT)

Ti liu luyn thi C H 2012

TNG HP L THUYT HA HU C
CHUYN : AMIN AMINOAXIT PROTEIN POLIME AMIN
I KHI NIM, PHN LOI, DANH PHP V NG PHN 1. Khi nim Amin l hp cht hu c c to ra khi th mt hoc nhiu nguyn t hiro trong phn t amoniac bng mt hoc nhiu gc hirocacbon. 2. Phn loi Amin c phn loi theo hai cch thng dng nht: a) Theo c im cu to ca gc hirocacbon: amin thm, amin bo, amin d vng. V d:

b) Theo bc ca amin: Bc amin: l s nguyn t H trong phn t NH3 b thay th bi gc hirocacbon. Theo , cc amin c phn loi thnh: amin bc 1, bc 2, bc 3. V d:

3. Danh php a) Cch gi tn theo danh php gc chc : ank + yl + amin b) Cch gi tn theo danh php thay th : ankan + v tr + amin c) Tn thng thng ch p dng vi mt s amin Hp cht Tn gc chc Tn thay th Tn thng CH3NH2 metylamin metanamin CH3CH(NH2)CH3 isopropylamin propan-2-amin CH3NHC2H5 etylmetylamin N-metyletanamin CH3CH(CH3)CH2NH2 isobutylamin 2-metylpropan-1-amin CH3CH2CH(NH2)CH3 sec-butylamin butan-2-amin (CH3)3CNH2 tert-butylamin 2-metylpropan-2-amin CH3NHCH2CH2CH3 metylpropylamin N-metylpropan-1-amin CH3NHCH(CH3)2 isopropylmetylamin N-metylpropan-2-amin C2H5NHC2H5 ietylamin N-etyletanamin (CH3)2NC2H5 etylimetylamin N,N-imetyletanamin C6H5NH2 phenylamin benzenamin anilin Ch : - Tn cc nhm ankyl c theo th t ch ci a, b, c - Vi cc amin bc 2 v 3, chn mch di nht cha N lm mch chnh, N c ch s v tr nh nht. t mt nguy n t N trc mi nhm th ca amin - Khi nhm NH2 ng vai tr nhm th th gi l nhm amino. V d: CH3CH(NH2)COOH (axit 2-aminopropanoic) 4. ng phn Amin c cc loi ng phn: - ng phn v mch cacbon: - ng phn v tr nhm chc - ng phn v bc ca amin II TNH CHT VT L

Chuyn : Amin Aminoaxit Protein Polime

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GV: Phm c Anh (THPT Bng Ring H.Xuyn Mc - BRVT) Ti liu luyn thi C H 2012 - Metyl, imetyl, trimetyl v etylamin l nhng cht kh c mi khai kh chu, c, d tan trong nc, cc amin ng ng cao hn l cht lng hoc rn - Anilin l cht lng, nhit si l 184oC, khng mu, rt c, t tan trong nc, tan trong ancol v benzen III CU TO PHN T V SO SNH LC BAZ 1. Cu trc phn t ca amoniac v cc amin

2. Cu to phn t ca amoniac v cc amin

Trn nguyn t nit u c cp electron t do nn amoniac v cc amin u d dng nhn proton. V vy amoniac v cc amin u c tnh baz. 3. c im cu to ca phn t anilin - Do gc phenyl (C6H5) ht cp electron t do ca nit v pha mnh, s chuyn dch electron theo hiu ng lin hp p p (chiu nh mi tn cong) lm cho mt electron trn nguyn t nit gim i, kh nng nhn proton gim i. Kt qu l lm cho tnh baz ca anilin rt yu (khng lm xanh c qu tm, khng lm hng c phenolphtalein). - Nhm amino (NH2) lm tng kh nng th Br vo gc phenyl (do nh hng ca hiu ng +C). Phn ng th xy ra cc v tr ortho v para do nhm NH2 y electron vo lm mt electron cc v tr ny tng ln 4. So snh lc baz a) Cc yu t nh hng n lc baz ca amin: - Mt electron trn nguyn t N: mt cng cao, lc baz cng mnh v ngc li - Hiu ng khng gian: gc R cng cng knh v cng nhiu gc R th lm cho tnh baz gim i, ph thuc vo gc hirocacbon. V d tnh baz ca (CH3)2NH > CH3NH2 > (CH3)3N ; (C2H5)2NH > (C2H5)3N > C2H5NH2 b) Phng php Gc y electron lm tng tnh baz, gc ht electron lm gim tnh baz. V d: p-NO2-C6H4NH2 < C6H5NH2 < NH3 < CH3NH2 < C2H5NH2 < C3H7NH2 IV TNH CHT HA HC 1. Tnh cht ca chc amin a) Tnh baz: tc dng ln giy qu tm m hoc phenolphtalein v tc dng vi axit - Dung dch metylamin v nhiu ng ng ca n c kh nng lm xanh giy qu tm hoc lm hng phenolphtalein do kt hp vi proton mnh hn amoniac - Anilin v cc amin thm rt t tan trong nc. Dung dch ca chng khng lm i mu qu tm v phenolphtalein

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GV: Phm c Anh (THPT Bng Ring H.Xuyn Mc - BRVT) Ti liu luyn thi C H 2012 b) Phn ng vi axit nitr: - Amin no bc 1 + HNO2 ROH + N2 + H2O. V d: C2H5NH2 + HONO C2H5OH + N2 + H2O - Amin thm bc 1 tc dng vi HNO2 nhit thp to thnh mui iazoni
05 C V d: C6H5NH2 + HONO + HCl C6H5N2+ Cl- + 2H2O benzeniazoni clorua c) Phn ng ankyl ha: amin bc 1 hoc bc 2 tc dng vi ankyl halogenua (CH 3I, .) Phn ng ny dng iu ch amin bc cao t amin bc thp hn. V d: C2H5NH2 + CH3I C2H5NHCH3 + HI d) Phn ng ca amin tan trong nc vi dung dch mui ca cc kim loi c hiroxit kt ta 3CH3NH2 + FeCl3 + 3H2O Fe(OH)3 + 3CH3NH3Cl 2. Phn ng th nhn thm ca anilin
o

V - IU CH a) Thay th nguyn t H ca phn t amoniac Ankylamin c iu ch t amoniac v ankyl halogenua. V d:

b) Kh hp cht nitro Anilin v cc amin thm thng c iu ch bng cch kh nitrobenzen (hoc dn xut nitro tng ng) bi hiro mi sinh nh tc dng ca kim loi (nh Fe, Zn) vi axit HCl. V d:
Fe + HCl C6H5NH2 + 2H2O C6H5NO2 + 6[H] Ngoi ra, cc amin cn c iu ch bng nhiu cch khc

AMINO AXIT
I NH NGHA, CU TO, PHN LOI V DANH PHP 1. nh ngha - Amino axit l loi hp cht hu c tp chc m phn t cha ng thi nhm amino (NH2) v nhm cacboxyl (COOH) Cng thc chung: (H2N)x R (COOH)y 2. Cu to phn t - Trong phn t amino axit, nhm NH2 v nhm COOH tng tc vi nhau to ion lng cc. V vy amino axit kt tinh tn ti dng ion lng cc - Trong dung dch, dng ion lng cc chuyn mt phn nh thnh dng phn t

3. Phn loi Da vo cu to gc R phn 20 amino axit c bn thnh cc nhm. Mt trong cc cch phn loi l 20 amino axit c phn thnh 5 nhm nh sau: Chuyn : Amin Aminoaxit Protein Polime Trang 3

GV: Phm c Anh (THPT Bng Ring H.Xuyn Mc - BRVT) Ti liu luyn thi C H 2012 a) Nhm 1: cc amino axit c gc R khng phn cc k nc, thuc nhm ny c 6 amino axit: Gly (G), Ala (A), Val (V), Leu (L), ILe (I), Pro (P) b) Nhm 2: cc amino axit c gc R l nhn thm, thuc nhm ny c 3 amino axit: Phe (F), Tyr (Y), Trp (W) c) Nhm 3: cc amino axit c gc R baz, tch in dng, thuc nhm ny c 3 amino axit: Lys (K), Arg (R), His (H) d) Nhm 4: cc amino axit c gc R phn cc, khng tch in, thuc nhm ny c 6 amino axit: Ser (S), Thr (T), Cys (C), Met (M), Asn (N), Gln (Q) e) Nhm 5: cc amino axit c gc R axit, tch in m, thuc nhm n y c 2 amino axit: Asp (D), Glu (E) 4. Danh php a) Tn thay th: axit + v tr + amino + tn axit cacboxylic tng ng. V d: H2NCH2COOH: axit aminoetanoic ; HOOC[CH2]2CH(NH2)COOH: axit 2-aminopentanioic b) Tn bn h thng: axit + v tr ch ci Hi Lp (, , , , , ) + amino + tn thng thng ca axit cacboxylic tng ng. V d: CH3CH(NH2)COOH : axit -aminopropionic H2N[CH2]5COOH : axit -aminocaproic H2N[CH2]6COOH: axit -aminoenantoic c) Tn thng thng: cc amino axit thin nhin (-amino axit) u c tn thng. V d: H2NCH2COOH c tn thng l glyxin (Gly) hay glicocol II TNH CHT VT L Cc amino axit l cc cht rn khng mu, v hi ngt, d tan trong nc v chng tn ti dng ion lng cc (mui ni phn t), nhit nng chy cao (v l hp cht ion) III TNH CHT HA HC 1. Tnh cht axit baz ca dung dch amino axit a) Tc dng ln thuc th mu: (H2N)x R (COOH)y. Khi: - x = y th amino axit trung tnh, qu tm khng i mu - x > y th amino axit c tnh baz, qu tm ha xanh - x < y th amino axit c tnh axit, qu tm ha b) Tnh cht lng tnh: - Tc dng vi dung dch baz (do c nhm COOH) H2NCH2COOH + NaOH H2NCH2COONa + H2O hoc: H3N+CH2COO + NaOH H2NCH2COONa + H2O - Tc dng vi dung dch axit (do c nhm NH2) H2NCH2COOH + HCl ClH3NCH2COOH hoc: H3N+CH2COO + HCl ClH3NCH2COOH 2. Phn ng este ha nhm COOH

3. Phn ng ca nhm NH2 vi HNO2 H2NCH2COOH + HNO2 HOCH2 COOH (axit hiroxiaxetic) + N2 + H2O 4. Phn ng trng ngng - Do c nhm NH2 v COOH nn amino axit tham gia phn ng trng ngng to thnh polime thuc loi poliamit - Trong phn ng ny, OH ca nhm COOH phn t axit ny kt hp vi H ca nhm NH2 phn t axit kia to thnh nc v sinh ra polime Chuyn : Amin Aminoaxit Protein Polime Trang 4

GV: Phm c Anh (THPT Bng Ring H.Xuyn Mc - BRVT) Ti liu luyn thi C H 2012 V - NG DNG - Amino axit thin nhin (hu ht l -amino axit) l c s kin to nn cc loi protein ca c th sng - Mui mononatri ca axit glutamic c dng lm m chnh (hay bt ngt) - Axit -aminocaproic v axit -aminoenantoic l nguyn liu sn xut t tng hp (nilon 6 v nilon 7) - Axit glutamic l thuc h tr thn kinh, methionin (CH3SCH2CH2CH(NH2)COOH) l thuc b gan

PEPTIT V PROTEIN
A PEPTIT I KHI NIM V PHN LOI 1. Khi nim Lin kt ca nhm CO vi nhm NH gia hai n v -amino axit c loi l lin kt peptit Peptit l nhng hp cht cha t 2 n 50 gc -amino axit lin kt vi nhau bng cc lin kt petit 2. Phn loi Cc peptit c phn thnh hai loi: a) Oligopeptit: gm cc peptit c t 2 n 10 gc -amino axit v c gi tng ng l ipeptit, tripeptit b) Polipeptit: gm cc peptit c t 11 n 50 gc -amino axit. Polipeptit l c s to nn protein II CU TO, NG PHN V DANH PHP 1. Cu to v ng nhn - Phn t peptit hp thnh t cc gc -amino axit ni vi nhau bi lin kt peptit theo mt trt t nht nh: amino axit u N cn nhm NH2, amino axit u C cn nhm COOH - Nu phn t peptit cha n gc -amino axit khc nhau th s ng phn loi peptit s l n! - Nu trong phn t peptit c i cp gc -amino axit ging nhau th s ng phn ch cn

n! 2i

- Nu c n amino axit cu to thnh protein th s lin kt peptit to thnh l n 1 - Nu c n amino axit th s peptit to thnh l n2 2. Danh php Tn ca peptit c hnh thnh bng cch ghp tn gc axyl ca cc -amino axit bt u t u N, ri kt thc bng t n ca axit u C (c gi nguyn). V d:

III TNH CHT 1. Tnh cht vt l Cc peptit thng th rn, c nhit nng chy cao v d tan trong nc 2. Tnh cht ha hc a) Phn ng mu biure: - Da vo phn ng mu ca biure: H2NCONHCONH2 + Cu(OH)2 phc cht mu tm c trng - Amino axit v ipeptit khng cho phn ng ny. Cc tripeptit tr ln tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 to phc cht mu tm b) Phn ng thy phn: - iu kin thy phn: xc tc axit hoc kim v un nng - Sn phm: cc -amino axit B PROTEIN I KHI NIM V PHN LOI Protein l nhng polipeptit cao phn t c phn t khi t v i chc nghn n vi triu. Protein c phn thnh 2 loi: - Protein n gin: c to thnh ch t cc -amino axit Chuyn : Amin Aminoaxit Protein Polime Trang 5

GV: Phm c Anh (THPT Bng Ring H.Xuyn Mc - BRVT) Ti liu luyn thi C H 2012 - Protein phc tp: c to thnh t cc protein n gin kt hp vi cc phn t khng phi protein (phi protein) nh axit nucleic, lipit, cacbohirat II TNH CHT CA PROTEIN 1. Tnh cht vt l a) Hnh dng: - Dng si: nh keratin (trong tc), miozin (trong c), fibroin (trong t tm) - Dng cu: nh anbumin (trong lng trng trng), hemoglobin (trong mu) b) Tnh tan trong nc: Protein hnh si khng tan, protein hnh cu tan c) S ng t: L s ng li ca protein v tch ra khi dung dch khi un nng hoc thm axit, baz, mui 2. Tnh cht ha hc a) Phn ng thy phn: - iu kin thy phn: xc tc axit hoc kim v un nng hoc xc tc enzim - Sn phm: cc -amino axit b) Phn ng mu:

III KHI NIM V ENZIM V AXIT NUCLEIC 1. Enzim Hu ht c bn cht l protein, xc tc cho cc qu trnh ha hc c bit l trong c th sinh vt. Enzim c gi l cht xc tc sinh hc v c c im: - Tnh chn lc (c hiu) cao: mi enzim ch xc tc cho mt phn ng nht nh - Hot tnh cao: tc phn ng nh xc tc enzim rt ca o, gp 109 1011 cht xc tc ha hc 2. Axit nucleic Axit nucleic l mt polieste ca axit photphoric v pentoz + Nu pentoz l riboz, axit nucleic k hiu ARN + Nu pentoz l eoxiriboz, axit nucleic k hiu ADN + Phn t khi ADN t 4 8 triu, thng tn ti dng xon kp + Phn t khi ARN nh hn ADN, thng tn ti dng xon n MT S CH KHI GII BI TP 1. Mt s dng bi tp hay hi: a) So snh lc baz ca cc amin b) m ng phn amin, amino axit, peptit c) Xc nh cng thc phn t amin, amino axit theo phn ng chy d) Xc nh cng thc phn t amin theo phn ng vi dung dch axit hay dung dch mui e) Xc nh cng thc phn t amino axit theo phn ng axit baz f) Xc nh cng thc cu to ca hp cht g) Phn bit tch cc cht 2. Mt s cng thc hay dng: a) Cng thc phn t ca amin:

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GV: Phm c Anh (THPT Bng Ring H.Xuyn Mc - BRVT) - Amin n chc: CxHyN (y 2x + 3) - Amin n chc no: CnH2n + 1NH2 hay CnH2n + 3N - Amin a chc: CxHyNt (y 2x + 2 + t) - Amin a chc no: CnH2n + 2 z(NH2)z hay CnH2n + 2 + zNz - Amin thm (ng ng ca anilin): CnH2n 5N (n 6) b) Cng thc phn t CxHyO2N c cc ng phn cu to mch h thng gp: - Amino axit H2NRCOOH - Este ca amino axit H2NRCOOR - Mui amoni ca axit ankanoic RCOONH4 v RCOOH3NR - Hp cht nitro RNO2 c) Cng thc hay dng: - Cng thc bt bo ha (s lin kt + v) ca CxHyNt: =

Ti liu luyn thi C H 2012

2x 2 t y 2 2x 2 t y 2

- Cng thc bt bo ha (s lin kt + v) ca CxHyOzNt: =

Cng thc ch ng khi gi thit tt c cc lin kt u l lin kt cng ha tr, i vi hp cht ion th cng thc khng cn ng na. V d CH3COONH4 c =

2.2 2 1 7 0 nhng trong phn t CH3COONH4 lun 1 lin kt . 2 n! 2i

- Nu phn t peptit cha n gc -amino axit khc nhau th s ng phn loi peptit s l n! - Nu trong phn t peptit c i cp gc -amino axit ging nhau th s ng phn ch cn

- Nu c n amino axit cu to thnh protein th s lin kt peptit to thnh l n 1 - Nu c n amino axit th s peptit to thnh l n2 - Cng thc tnh khi lng amino axit A( cha n nhm -NH2 v m nhm COOH ) khi cho amino axit ny vo dung dch cha a mol HCl, sau cho dung dch sau phn ng tc dng va vi b mol NaOH: mA = MA

ba m

V d : Cho m gam glyxin vo dung dch cha 0,3 mol HCl . Dung dch sau phn ng tc dng va vi 0,5 mol NaOH. Tm m ? ( Mglyxin = 75 ) m = 75

0,5 0,3 = 15 gam 1 ba n

- Cng thc tnh khi lng amino axit A( cha n nhm -NH2 v m nhm COOH ) khi cho amino axit ny vo dung dch cha a mol NaOH, sau cho dung dch sau phn ng tc dng va vi b mol HCl: mA = MA

V d : Cho m gam alanin vo dung dch cha 0,375 mol NaOH . Dung dch sau phn ng tc dng va vi 0,575 mol HCl . Tm m ? ( Malanin = 89 ) mA = 89

0,575 0,375 = 17,8 gam 1

- Cng thc tnh s ng phn amin n chc no, mch h : Cn H2n+3N. S ng phn CnH2n+3N = 2n-1 (n < 5 ) 3. Mt s phn ng cn lu 3CnH2n + 3N + FeCl3 + 3H2O Fe(OH)3 + 3CnH2n + 4NCl (H2N)x R(COOH)y + xHCl (ClH3N)x R(COOH)y (ClH3N)x R(COOH)y + (x + y)NaOH (H2N)x R(COONa)y + xNaCl + (x + y)H2O (H2N)x R(COOH)y + yNaOH (H2N)x R(COONa)y + yH2O Chuyn : Amin Aminoaxit Protein Polime Trang 7

GV: Phm c Anh (THPT Bng Ring H.Xuyn Mc - BRVT) Ti liu luyn thi C H 2012 (H2N)x R(COONa)y + (x + y)HCl (ClH3N)x R(COOH)y + yNaCl 2(H2N)x R(COOH)y + xH2SO4 [(H3N)x R(COOH)y]2(SO4)n 2(H2N)x R(COOH)y + yBa(OH)2 [(H2N)x R(COO)y]2Bay + 2yH2O

I CNG V POLIME
I KHI NIM, PHN LOI V DANH PHP 1. Khi nim Polime l nhng hp cht c phn t khi rt ln do nhiu n v nh (gi l mt xch) lin kt vi nhau.V d: do cc mt xch NH [CH2]6 CO lin kt vi nhau to nn H s n c gi l h s polime ha hay polime ha. Cc phn t to nn tng mt xch ca polime c gi l monome 2. Phn loi a) Theo ngun gc:

b) Theo cch tng hp:

c) Theo cu trc: (xem phn II) 3. Danh php - Poli + tn ca monone (nu tn monome gm 2 t tr ln hoc t hai monome to nn polime th tn ca monome phi trong ngoc n) - Mt s polime c tn ring (tn thng thng). V d: II CU TRC 1. Cc dng cu trc mch polime a) Mch khng phn nhnh. V d: polietilen, amiloz b) Mch phn nhnh. V d: amilopectin, glicogen c) Mch mng li. V d: cao su lu ha, nha bakelit 2. Cu to iu ha v khng iu ha a) Cu to iu ha: cc mt xch ni nhau theo mt trt t nht nh (chng han theo kiu u ni ui). V d:

b) Cu to khng iu ha: cc mt xch ni vi nhau khng theo trt t nht nh (chng hn theo kiu u ni u, ch th u ni vi ui). V d:

III TNH CHT VT L Hu ht polime l cht rn, khng bay hi, khng c nhit nng chy xc nh, mt s tan trong cc dung mi hu c. a s polime c tnh do, mt s polime c tnh n hi, mt s c tnh dai, bn, c th ko th nh si Chuyn : Amin Aminoaxit Protein Polime Trang 8

GV: Phm c Anh (THPT Bng Ring H.Xuyn Mc - BRVT) IV TNH CHT HA HC 1. Phn ng gi nguyn mch polime a) Poli(vinyl axetat) (PVA) tc dng vi dung dch NaOH:

Ti liu luyn thi C H 2012

b) Cao su thin nhin tc dng vi HCl:

Cao su hiroclo ha c) Poli(vinyl clorua) (PVC) tc dng vi Cl2: (gi s c 2 mt xch th 1 nguyn t clo)

T clorin 2. Phn ng phn ct mch polime a) Phn ng thy phn polieste:

b) Phn ng thy phn polipeptit hoc poliamit:

Nilon 6 c) Phn ng thy phn tinh bt, xenluloz d) Phn ng nhit phn polistiren

3. Phn ng khu mch polime a) S lu ha cao su: Khi hp nng cao su th vi lu hunh th thu c cao su lu ha. cao su lu ha, cc mch polime c ni vi nhau bi cc cu SS (cu isunfua)

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GV: Phm c Anh (THPT Bng Ring H.Xuyn Mc - BRVT) Ti liu luyn thi C H 2012 b) Nha rezit (nha bakelit): Khi un nng nha rezol thu c nha rezit, trong cc mch polime c khu vi nhau bi cc nhm CH2 (nhm metylen)

Polime khu mch c cu trc mng khng gian do tr n n kh nng chy, kh tan v bn hn so vi polime cha khu mch V IU CH C th iu ch polime bng phn ng tr ng hp hoc trng ngng 1. Phn ng trng hp a) Khi nim: - Trng hp l qu trnh kt hp nhiu phn t nh (monome), ging nhau hay tng t nhau thnh phn t rt ln (polime) - iu kin cn v cu to ca monome tham gia phn ng tr ng hp phi c l: + Lin kt bi. V d: CH2 = CH2, CH2 = CHC6H5 + Hoc vng km bn: V d:

b) Phn loi: - Trng hp ch t mt loi monome to homopolime. V d:

- Trng hp m vng. V d:

Nilon 6 (t capron) - Trng hp t hai hay nhiu loi monome (gi l ng trng hp) to copolime. V d:

Poli(butaien stiren) (cao su buna S) Chuyn : Amin Aminoaxit Protein Polime Trang 10

GV: Phm c Anh (THPT Bng Ring H.Xuyn Mc - BRVT) Ti liu luyn thi C H 2012 2. Phn ng trng ngng a) Khi nim: - Trng ngng l qu trnh kt hp nhiu phn t nh (monome) th nh phn t ln (polime) ng thi gii phng nhng phn t nh khc (nh H2O) - iu kin cn c phn ng trng ngng l: cc monome tham gia phn ng trng ngng phi c t nht hai nhm chc c kh nng phn ng to c lin kt vi nhau b) Mt s phn ng trng ngng:

axit -aminocaproic

Nilon 6 (t capron)

axit -aminoenantoic

Nilon 7 (t enan)

Nha rezol

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GV: Phm c Anh (THPT Bng Ring H.Xuyn Mc - BRVT)

Ti liu luyn thi C H 2012

VT LIU POLIME
I CHT DO 1. Khi nim - Cht do l nhng vt liu polime c tnh do - Tnh do l tnh b bin dng khi chu tc dng ca nhit, p lc b n ngoi v vn gi nguyn c s bin dng khi thi tc dng - C mt s cht do ch cha polime song a s cht do c cha th nh phn khc ngoi polime bao gm cht n (nh mui than, cao lanh, mn ca, bt aming, si thy tinhlm tng mt s tnh nng cn thit ca cht do v h gi thnh sn phm) v cht do ha (lm tng tnh do v d gia cng hn) 2. Mt s polime dng lm cht do a) Polietilen (PE)

PE l cht do mm, c dng lm mng mng, bnh cha, ti ng b) Poli(vinyl clorua) (PVC)

PVC l cht do cng, cch in tt, bn vi axit, c dng lm vt liu in, ng dn nc, da gi c) Poli(metyl metacrylat) (thy tinh hu c PEXIGLAS)

Poli(metyl metacrylat) l cht do cng, trong sut, khng vnn c gi l thy tinh hu c. Dng ch to knh my bay, t, knh bo him, dng lm rng gi d) Poli(phenol fomanehit) (PPF) (xem thm bi i cng v polime) PPF c ba dng: nha novolac, nha rezol, nha rezit Nha novolac: - un nng hn hp fomanehit v phenol ly d vi xc tc axit c nha novolac mch khng phn nhnh (cu ni metylen CH2 c th v tr ortho hoc para) - Nha nhit do, d nng chy, tan trong mt s dung mi hu c, dng sn xut vecni, sn Nha rezol: - un nng hn hp phenol v fomanehit theo t l mol 1 : 1,2 c xc tc kim. Nha rezol khng phn nhnh, mt s nhn phenol c gn nhm CH2OH v tr s 4 hoc 2 - Nha nhit rn, d nng chy, tan trong nhiu dung mi hu c dng sn xut sn, keo, nha rezit Nha rezit (nha bakelit): - un nng nha rezol 150oC c nha rezit (hay nha bakelit) c cu trc mng li khng gian - Khng nng chy, khng tan trong nhiu dung mi hu c, dng sn xut in, v my 3. Khi nim v vt liu compozit Khi trn polime vi cht n thch hp thu c vt liu mi c bn, chu nhittng l n so vi polime thnh phm. l vt liu compozit Chuyn : Amin Aminoaxit Protein Polime Trang 12

GV: Phm c Anh (THPT Bng Ring H.Xuyn Mc - BRVT) Ti liu luyn thi C H 2012 - Cht nn (polime): c th dng nha nhit do hay nha nhit rn - Cht n: phn tn (nhng khng tan) vo polime. Cht n c th l: si (bng, ay, aming, si thy tinh) hoc cht bt (silicat, bt nh (CaCO3), bt tan (3MgO.4SiO2.2H2O)) II T 1. Khi nim T l nhng vt liu polime hnh si di v mnh vi bn nht nh 2. Phn loi

3. Mt s loi t tng hp thng gp a) T poliamit (c nhiu nhm amit CONH)

b) T polieste (c nhiu nhm este)

c) T vinylic (c nhiu nhm polivinyl)

Chuyn : Amin Aminoaxit Protein Polime

Trang 13

GV: Phm c Anh (THPT Bng Ring H.Xuyn Mc - BRVT) Ti liu luyn thi C H 2012 III CAO SU 1. Khi nim - Cao su l vt liu polime c tnh n hi - Tnh n hi l tnh bin dng khi chu lc tc dng bn ngoi v tr li dng ban u khi lc thi tc dng - C hai loi cao su: cao su thin nhin v cao su tng hp 2. Cao su thin nhin (polime ca isopren) a) Cu trc: - Cng thc cu to: n = 1500 15000 - Tt c cc mt xch isopren u c cu h nh cis nh sau: b) Tnh cht v ng dng: - Cao su thin nhin ly t m cy cao su, n hi tt (nh cu trc cis iu ha), khng dn nhit v in, khng thm kh v nc, khng tan trong nc, etanolnhng tan trong xng v benzen - Cao su thin nhin cho phn ng cng H2, Cl2, HCl, c bit l cng lu hunh to cao su lu ho c tnh n hi, chu nhit, lu mn, kh tan trong dung mi hn cao su khng lu ha. 3. Cao su tng hp a) Cao su buna, cao su buna S v cao su buna N :

- Cao su buna c tnh n hi v bn km cao su thin nhin. Khi dng buta-1,3-ien 10oC, polime sinh ra cha 77% n v trans-1,4 v 7% n v cis-1,4 (cn li l sn phm trng hp 1,2). Cn 100oC sinh ra polime cha 56% n v trans-1,4 v 25% n v cis-1,4 (cn li l sn phm trng hp 1,2)

Cao su buna S - Cao su buna S c tnh n hi cao

Cao su buna N - Cao su buna N c tnh chng du tt b) Cao su isopren - Trng hp isopren c h xc tc c bit, ta c poliisopren gi l cao su isopren, cu hnh cis chim 94 %, gn ging cao su thin nhin

- Ngoi ra ngi ta cn sn xut policloropren v polifloropren. Cc polime ny u c c tnh n hi nn c gi l cao su cloropren v cao su floropren. Chng bn vi du m hn cao su isopren Chuyn : Amin Aminoaxit Protein Polime Trang 14

GV: Phm c Anh (THPT Bng Ring H.Xuyn Mc - BRVT) Ti liu luyn thi C H 2012 IV KEO DN 1. Khi nim Keo dn l vt liu polime c kh nng kt dnh hai mnh vt liu ging nhau hoc khc nhau m khng lm bin i bn cht cc vt liu c kt dnh 2. Phn loi a) Theo bn cht ha hoc: - Keo v c (thy tinh lng) - Keo hu c (h tinh bt, keo epoxi) b) Dng keo: - Keo lng (h tinh bt) - Keo nha do (matit) - Keo dn dng bt hay bn mng 3. Mt s loi keo dn tng hp thng dng a) Keo dn epoxi: gm 2 hp phn: - Polime lm keo c cha hai nhm epoxi hai u - Cht ng rn thng l cc triamin nh H2NCH2CH2NHCH2CH2NH2 b) Keo dn ure fomanehit

Poli(ure fomanehit) 4. Mt s loi keo dn t nhin a) Nha v sm: l dung dch dng keo ca cao su thin nhin trong dung mi hu c nh toluen b) Keo h tinh bt: l dung dch h tinh bt trong nc nng, dng lm keo dn giy

MT S BI TP P DNG
DNG 1: TNH KHI LNG AMIN (MUI) TRONG PHN NG VI AXT HOC VI BROM * Cn nh 2 phng trnh: + Vi HCl: RNH2 + HCl RNH3Cl (1) R + 16 R + 52,5 Tng 36,5g +Vi Brom: C6H5NH2 + 3Br2 C6H2Br3NH2 (kt ta trng) + 3HBr 93 330 Xg Yg *PP: 1) p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng khi lng: mamin + maxit = mmui 2) Tnh mol ca cht bi cho ri t vo ptrnh suy ra s mol ca cht bi hi => tnh m 3) p dng nh lut tng gim khi lng C6H5NH2 + HCl C6H5NH3Cl 93 Tng 36,5 A.36,5 Ag m = =B 93

mMui = A + B
Cu 1. Cho 5,9 gam Propylamin (C3H7NH2) tc dng va vi axit HCl. Khi lng mui (C3H7NH3Cl) thu c l A. 8,15 gam. B. 9,65 gam. C. 8,10 gam. D. 9,55 gam. Chuyn : Amin Aminoaxit Protein Polime Trang 15

GV: Phm c Anh (THPT Bng Ring H.Xuyn Mc - BRVT) Ti liu luyn thi C H 2012 Cu 2. Cho 4,5 gam etylamin (C2H5NH2) tc dng va vi axit HCl. Khi lng mui thu c l A. 7,65 gam. B. 8,15 gam. C. 8,10 gam. D. 0,85 gam. Cu 3. Cho anilin tc dng 2000ml dd Br2 0,3M. Khi lng kt ta thu c l A.66.5g B.66g C.33g D.44g Cu 4. Cho 0,1 mol anilin (C6H5NH2) tc dng va vi axit HCl. Khi lng mui phenylamoniclorua ( C6H5NH3Cl) thu c l A. 25,900 gam . B. 6,475gam. C. 19,425gam. D. 12,950gam Cu 5. Cho m gam Anilin tc dng ht vi dung dch Br2 thu c 9,9 gam kt ta. Gi tr m dng l A. 0,93 gam B. 2,79 gam C. 1,86 gam D. 3,72 gam Cu 6. Th tch nc brom 5 % (d = 1,3g/ml) cn dng iu ch 3,96 gam kt ta 2,4,6 tribrom anilin l A. 164,1ml. B. 49,23ml. C 88,61 ml. D. s khc . Cu 7. Cho 20g hn hp X gm ba amin no n chc l ng ng k tip nhau tc dng va vi dung dch HCl 1M, c cn dung dch thu c 31,68g mui. Xc nh th tch HCl dng ? A 16ml B 32ml C 160ml D 320ml DNG 2: XC NH CU TO AMIN N CHC DA VO PHN NG CHY * i vi p t chy nh: + t CTTQ ca amin no n chc hoc amin n chc l: CxHyN p dng CT: + Amin no n chc:

x n CO2 = y 2n H2O
2 CnH2n+3N + (6n+3)/2 O2 2nCO2 + (2n+3)H2O+ N2 v

S mol amin = (n H O - n CO )
2 2

2 3

n CO 2n 2 = n =? 2n + 3 n H O
2

+Amin khng no n chc c 1 lk i (CnH2n+1N): 2 CnH2n+1N + (6n+1)/2 O2 2nCO2 + (2n+1)H2O + N2 S mol amin = 2.(n H O - n CO ) v
2 2

n CO 2n 2 = 2n + 1 n H O
2

+ Amin thm: 2CnH2n 5 N + (6n-5)/2 O2 2nCO2 + (2n-5)H2O +N2 Cu 1. t chy mt ng ng ca metylamin, ngi ta thy t l th tch cc kh v hi VCO2:VH2O sinh ra bng 2:3 Cng thc phn t ca amin l: A. C3H9N B. CH5N C. C2H7N D. C4H11N Cu 2. t chy hon ton m (g) hn hp 3 amin thu c 3,36lt CO2; 1,12lt N2(ktc) v 5,4g H2O. Gi tr ca m l: A.3,6 B.3,8 C.4 D.3,1 Cu 3. t chy hon ton m gam mt amin n chc thu c 0,2 mol CO2 v 0,35 mol H2O. CTPT ca amin l A. C4H7N B. C2H7N C. C4H14N D. C2H5N Cu 4. t chy hon ton mt amin n chc b 1 thu c CO2 v H2O theo t l s mol l 6 : 7. Vy CT amin l: A. C3H7N B. C4H9N C. CH5N D. C2H7N Cu 5. t chy hon ton mt amin n chc cha no thu c CO2 v H2O theo t l s mol l 8 : 9. Vy CT amin l: A. C3H6N B. C4H9N C. C4H8N D. C3H7N Cu 6. t chy hon ton 10,4 gam hai amin no, n chc, ng ng lin tip nhau, thu c 11,2 lt kh CO2 (ktc). Hai amin c cng thc phn t l A. CH4N v C2H7N B. C2H5N v C3H9N C. C2H7N v C3H7N D. C2H7N v C3H9N

Chuyn : Amin Aminoaxit Protein Polime

Trang 16

GV: Phm c Anh (THPT Bng Ring H.Xuyn Mc - BRVT) Ti liu luyn thi C H 2012 Cu 7. Khi t chy hon ton mt amin n chc X, thu c 8,4 lt kh CO2, 1,4 lt kh N2 (cc th tch kh o ktc) v 10,125 gam H2O. Cng thc phn t ca X l (cho H = 1, O = 16) A. C2H7N. B. C4H9N. C. C3H7N. D. C3H9N. Cu 8. t chy mt amin no n chc mch thng ta thu c CO 2 v H2O c t l mol n CO : n H
2 2O

8 : 11 . CTCT ca

X l : A. (C2H5)2NH B. CH3(CH2)3NH2 C. CH3NHCH2CH2CH3 D. C 3 u ng Cu 9. t chy mt amin n chc no (h) thu c t l s mol CO2 : H2O l 2 : 5. Amin cho c tn gi no di y? A. imetylamin. B. Metylamin. C. Trimetylamin. D. Izopropylamin Cu 10. t chy hon ton 5,9 gam mt amin no h n chc X thu c 6,72 lt CO2, . Cng thc ca X l A. C3H6O. B. C3H5NO3. C. C3H9N. D. C3H7NO2. Cu 11. t chy hon ton 6,2 gam mt amin no h n chc, cn 10,08 lt O2 ktc. CTPT l A. C4H11N. B. CH5N. C. C3H9N. D. C5H13N. Cu 12. t chy hon ton amin no n chc X, thu c 16,8 lt CO2 ; 2,8 lt N2 (ktc) v 20,25 g H2O. Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C4H9N. B. C3H7N. C. C2H7N. D. C3H9N. Cu 13. C hai amin bc mt: A (ng ng ca anilin) v B (ng ng ca metylamin). t chy hon ton 3,21g amin A sinh ra 336ml kh N2 (ktc). Khi t chy hon ton amin B cho VH 2O : VCO2 = 3 : 2 . Cng thc phn t ca hai amin l: A. CH3C6H4NH2 v CH3CH2CH2NH2 B. C2H5C6H4NH2 v CH3CH2CH2NH2 C. CH3C6H4NH2 v CH3CH2CH2CH2NH2 D. C2H5C6H4NH2 v CH3CH2CH2CH2NH2 Cu 14. t chy hon ton a mol amin no, n chc thu c 13,2g CO2 v 8,1g H2O.Gi tr ca a l: A.0,05 B.0,1 C.0,07 D.0,2 Cu 15. t chy hon ton amin no, n chc bc mt ,mch h thu c t l mol CO2 v H2O l 4:7 .Tn ca amin l: A.etyl amin B. imetyl amin C.etyl metyl amin D.propyl amin Cu 16. t chy hon ton 10,4 gam hai amin no, n chc, ng ng lin tip nhau, thu c 11,2 lt kh CO2 (ktc). Hai amin c cng thc phn t l A. CH4N v C2H7N B. C2H5N v C3H9N. C. C2H7N v C3H7N D. C2H7N v C3H9N Cu 17. t chy hon ton hn hp 2 amin no n chc ng ng lin tip nhau, thu c n H 2O : n CO2 2 :1 . Hai amin c cng thc phn t l: A. C3H7NH2 v C4H9NH2 B. CH3NH2 v C2H5NH2 C. C2H5NH2 v C3H7NH2 D. C4H9NH2 v C5H11NH2

DNG 3: XC NH CU TO AMIN N CHC DA VO PHN NG TO MUI * Phn ng to mui: t CTTQ ca amin no n chc CnH2n+1NH2 hoc amin n chc l: R-NH2 V n chc nn ta lun c nHCl = nNH2 + Vi HCl: RNH2 + HCl RNH3Cl (1) p dng CT:

M RNH 2 =

m RNH 2 n HCl

= a => MR =a -16 => CTPT (hoc MRN =

mRN = A MR = A - 14 => CTPT) nHCl

Cu 1. trung ha 25 gam dung dch ca mt amin n chc X nng 12,4% cn dng 100ml dung dch HCl 1M. Cng thc phn t ca X l (Cho H = 1; C = 12; N = 14) A. C3H7N. B. C2H7N. C. C3H5N. D. CH5N. Cu 2. trung ha 20 gam dung dch ca mt amin n chc X nng 22,5% cn dng 100ml dung dch HCl 1M. Cng thc phn t ca X l (Cho H = 1; C = 12; N = 14) A. C2H7N B. CH5N C. C3H5N D. C3H7N Cu 3. Trung ha 3,1 gam mt amin n chc cn 100 ml dung dch HCl 1M. Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C2H5N B. CH5N C. C3H9N D. C3H7N Cu 4.Cho 0,4 mol amin no, n chc X tc dng vi dd HCl va thu c 32,6g mui.CTPT ca X l: Chuyn : Amin Aminoaxit Protein Polime Trang 17

GV: Phm c Anh (THPT Bng Ring H.Xuyn Mc - BRVT) Ti liu luyn thi C H 2012 A.CH3NH2 B.C2H5NH2 C.C3H7NH2 D.C4H9NH2 Cu 5. Trung ha 11,8 gam mt amin n chc cn 200 ml dung dch HCl 1M. Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C2H5N B. CH5N C. C3H9N D. C3H7N Cu 6. Cho 10 gam amin n chc X phn ng hon ton vi HCl (d), thu c 15 gam mui. S ng phn ca X l A. 5. B. 8. C. 7. D. 4. Cu 7. Cho 20 hn hp 3 amin n chc no, ng ng lin tip nhau tc dng vi dung dch HCl 1M va , sau c cn dung dch thu c 31,68 gam hn hp mui. Bit t l mol ca cc amin theo th t t amin nh n amin ln l 1:10:5 th ba amin c Cng thc phn t l: A. CH3NH2, C2H5NH2, C3H7NH2 B. C2H5NH2, C3H7NH2, C4H9NH2 C.C3H7NH2, C4H9NH2, C5H11NH2 D. Tt c u sai. Dng 4: AMIN TAC DUNG VI DUNG DCH MUOI (tng t amoniac) 3RNH2 + 3H2O + FeCl3 Fe(OH)3 + 3RNH3+ClCu 1. Cho 9,3 gam mt amin no n chc bc 1 tc dng vi dung dch FeCl3 d thu c 10,7 gam kt ta. Cng thc ca amin trn l: A. C2H5N B. CH5N C. C3H9N D. C3H7N Cu 2. Cho hn hp 2 amin n chc bc I c t khi hi so vi hiro l 19 (bit c mt amin c s mol bng 0,15) tc dng vi dung dch FeCl3 d thu c kt ta A. em nung A n khi lng khng i thu c 8 gam cht rn. Cng thc ca 2 amin l A. CH3NH2 v C2H5NH2 B. CH3NH2 v C2H3NH2 C. C2H5NH2 v C2H3NH2 D. CH3NH2 v CH3NHCH3 Cu 3. Cho m gam hn hp hai amin n chc bc I c t khi hi so vi hiro l 30 tc dng vi FeCl2 d thu c kt ta X. ly kt ta nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i c 18,0 gam cht rn. Vy gi tr ca m l A. 30,0 gam B. 15,0 gam C. 40,5 gam D. 27,0 gam Cu 4. Cho 17,4 gam hn hp 2 amin n chc bc I c t khi so vi khng kh bng 2. Tc dng vi dung dch FeCl3 d thu c kt ta, em nung kt ta n khi lng khng i c m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l A. 16,0 gam B. 10,7 gam C. 24,0 gam D. 8,0 gam AMINOAXIT DNG 1: TNH KHI LNG CA AMINO AXIT TRONG PHN NG VI AXT HOC BAZ * Phi vit c 2 phng trnh c dng: + Vi axt HCl: H2N R COOH + HCl ClH3N R COOH R + 61 R+ 97,5 tng 36,5 + Vi baz NaOH: H2N R COOH+ NaOH H2N R COONa+ H2O R + 61 R+ 83 tng 22 DNG 2: TM CTCT CA AMINO AXT DA VO P TO MUI *T/ dng vi NaOH:. Ptpu: (H2N)a R (COOH)b + bNaOH (H2N)a R (COONa)b + bH2O

n NaOH = b = s nhm chc axit ( COOH) na min

* T/d vi HCl Ptpu: (H2N)a R (COOH)b + aHCl (ClH3N)a R (COOH)b

n HCl = a = s nhm chc baz (NH2) na min

Trang 18

Chuyn : Amin Aminoaxit Protein Polime

GV: Phm c Anh (THPT Bng Ring H.Xuyn Mc - BRVT) Ti liu luyn thi C H 2012 Cu 1. Mt - amino axit X ch cha 1 nhm amino v 1 nhm cacboxyl. Cho 10,68 gam X tc dng vi HCl d thu c 15,06 gam mui. Tn gi ca X l A. axit glutamic. B. valin. C. alanin. D. Glixin Cu 2. 0,1 mol aminoaxit X phn ng va vi 0,2 mol HCl hoc 0,1 mol NaOH. Cng thc ca X c dng l. A. (H2N)2R(COOH)2. B. H2NRCOOH. C. H2NR(COOH)2. D. (H2N)2RCOOH Cu 3. X l mt - amioaxit no ch cha 1 nhm -NH2 v 1 nhm -COOH. Cho 23,4 gam X tc dng vi HCl d thu c 30,7 gam mui. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l cng thc no? A. CH3-CH(NH2)-COOH B. H2N-CH2-COOH C.CH2-CH(CH3)CH(NH2)COOH D.CH2=C(CH3)CH(NH2)COOH Cu 4. X l mt aminoaxit no ch cha 1 nhm - NH2 v 1 nhm COOH. Cho 0,89 gam X tc dng vi HCl va to r a 1,255 gam mui. Cng thc cu to ca X l cng thc no sau y? A. H2N- CH2-COOH B. CH3- CH(NH2)-COOH.C. CH3-CH(NH2)-CH2-COOH. D. C3H7-CH(NH2)-COOH Cu 5. X l mt - amioaxit no ch cha 1 nhm -NH2 v 1 nhm -COOH. Cho 15,1 gam X tc dng vi HCl d thu c 18,75 gam mui. Cng thc cu to ca X l cng thc no? A. C6H5- CH(NH2)-COOH B. CH3- CH(NH2)-COOH C. CH3-CH(NH2)-CH2-COOH D. C3H7CH(NH2)CH2COOH Cu 6. X l mt amino axit. Khi cho 0,01 mol X tc dng vi HCl th dng ht 80 ml dung dch HCl 0,125 M v thu c 1,835 g mui khan. Cn khi cho 0,01 mol X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH th cn 25 gam dung dch NaOH 3,2%. Cng thc no sau y l ca X ? A. C7H12-(NH)-COOH B. C3H6-(NH)-COOH C. NH2-C3H5-(COOH)2 D. (NH2)2-C3H5-COOH Cu 7. Cho 4,41g mt aminoaxit X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d cho ra 5,73g mui. Mt khc cng lng X nh trn nu cho tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 5,505 g mui clorua. X CTCT ca X. A. HOOC-CH2CH2CH(NH2)COOH B. CH3CH(NH2)COOH C. HOOCCH2CH(NH2)CH2COOH D.C A,B Cu 8. 0,1 mol aminoaxit A phn ng va vi 0,2 mol HCl, sn phm to thnh p va ht vi 0,3 mol NaOH. Gi tr n, m ln lt l: A. (H2N)2R(COOH)3. B. H2NRCOOH. C. H2NR(COOH)2. D. (H2N)2RCOOH Cu 9. Cho 1 mol aminoaxit X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d m 1 g mui Y. Mt khc cng 1 mol X nh trn nu cho tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c m 2 g mui Z. Bit m1 - m2 = 7,5. X CTPT ca X. A. C5H9O4N B. C4H10O2N2 C. C5H11O4N D. C5H8O4N2 Cu 10. Cho 14,7 gam mt amino axit X (c 1 nhm NH2) tc dng vi NaOH d thu c 19,1 gam mui. Mt khc cng lng amino axit trn phn ng vi HCl d to 18,35 gam mui. Cng thc cu to ca X c th l A. NH2-CH2-COOH B. CH3-CH(NH2)COOH C. NH2-(CH2)6 -COOH D. HOOC-CH2-CH2-CH(NH2)COOH Cu 11. X l mt amin aamino axit cha 1 nhmCOOH v 1 nhm NH2. Cho 8,9g X tc dng vi dung dch HCl. Sau c cn dung dch th thu c 12,55g mui khan. Cng thc ng ca X l A. CH2 COOH NH2 C. CH3 CH COOH NH2 D. B. CH3 CH2 CH COOH NH2 CH2 NH2 CH2 COOH

Cu 12. Amino axit X cha 1 nhmCOOH v 2 nhm NH2. Cho 0,1 mol X tc dng ht vi 270ml dung dch NaOH 0,5M c cn thu c 15,4g cht rn. Cng thc phn t c th c ca X l A. C4H10N2O2 B. C5H12N2O2 C. C5H10NO2 D. C3H9NO4 Cu 13. X l mt a amino axit cha 1 nhm COOH v 1 nhm NH2. Cho 8,9g X tc dng vi 200ml dung dch HCl 1M. Thu c dung dch Y. phn ng ht vi cc cht trong dung dch Y cn dng 300ml dung dch NaOH 1M. CTCT ca X l. Chuyn : Amin Aminoaxit Protein Polime Trang 19

GV: Phm c Anh (THPT Bng Ring H.Xuyn Mc - BRVT) A. CH3 - CH2 COOH NH2 CH
3

Ti liu luyn thi C H 2012

B. CH3 CH2 CH COOH NH2

C. CH2(NH2) - CH2 COOH

D.

CH
3

C NH2

COOH

DNG 3: T CHY AMINOAXIT t CTTQ CxHyOzNt x: y: z :t =

mC mH mO mN m = nCO2 : 2.nH2O : O : 2.nN2 : : : 12 1 16 14 16 %C % H %O % N : : : 12 1 16 14

Hay

x: y: z :t =

Cu 1. Mt amino axit (X) c cng thc tng qut NH2RCOOH. t chy hon ton a mol X thu c 6,729 (l) CO2 (ktc) v 6,75 g H2O. CTCT ca X l : A. CH2NH2COOH B. CH2NH2CH2COOH C. CH3CH(NH2)COOH D. C B v C Cu 2. Este X c to bi ancol metylic v - amino axit A. T khi hi ca X so vi H2 l 51,5. Amino axit A l A. Axit - aminocaproic B. Alanin C. Glyxin D. Axit glutamic Cu 3. Hp cht X c 40,45%C, 7,86%H, 15,73%N v cn li l oxi. Khi lng mol phn t ca X nh hn 100 gam. Bit X tc dng c vi hiro nguyn t. Cng thc cu to ca X l A. CH3CH(NH2)COOH B. CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2NO2 C. H2NCH2CH2COOH D. CH3-CH2-CH2-NO2 Cu 4. Phn tch nh lng hp cht hu c X ta thy t l khi lng gia 4 nguyn t C, H, O, N l mC : mH : mO : mN = 4,8 : 1 : 6,4 : 2,8. T khi hi ca X so vi He bng 18,75. Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C2H5O2N. B. C3H7O2N. C. C4H10O4N2. D. C2H8O2N2

GII TON THY PHN PEPTIT Phn 01: Phng php

1. Phn ng thy phn ca Peptit: a. Thy phn hon ton: H[NHRCO]nOH + (n-1) H2O nH2NRCOOH. b. Thy phn khng hon ton: Th d: H[NH(CH2)2CO]4OH + H2O H[NH(CH2)2CO]3OH+ H[NH(CH2)2CO]2OH+ H2N(CH2)2COOH Cch 1: Vi phn ng trn khi cho bit s mol cc cht sau phn ng ,th ta da vo s mol ri cn bng phn ng s tnh c s mol peptit ban u tham gia phn ng v suy ra khi lng. 23,75 H[NH(CH2)2CO]4OH + H2O 9H[NH(CH2)2CO]3OH+ 8H[NH(CH2)2CO]2OH+ 52H2N(CH2)2COOH 0,475 mol 0,18 mol 0.16 mol 1,04 mol Khi lng ca Peptit l: 0,475(89x4- 3x18) = 143,45(gam) Cch 2: gii nhanh hn, ta lm nh sau: t Peptit H[NH(CH2)2CO]4OH bng Cng thc gn: (X)4 ( Vi X = [NH(CH2)2CO] Ta ghi phn ng nh sau: 23,75 (X)4 + H2O 9 (X)3 + 8(X)2 + 52X Hoc ghi : (X)4 (X)3 + X ; (X)4 2 (X)2 v (X)4 4X 0,18 mol 0.18 mol 0,18 mol 0,08mol 0,16mol 0,215mol 0,86 mol Chuyn : Amin Aminoaxit Protein Polime Trang 20

GV: Phm c Anh (THPT Bng Ring H.Xuyn Mc - BRVT) Ti liu luyn thi C H 2012 T 3 phn ng ta tnh c s mol ca Peptit ban u tham gia phn ng l:(0.18+0.08+0,215)mol 2. Cch gii : *p dng LBTKL tnh lng nc khi bit khi lng Peptit phn ng v khi lng cht sinh ra. *p dng LBTKL tnh c lng mui khi cho Aminoacid sinh ra tc dng vi HCl,H2SO4. * Khi tinh ton nn tnh theo cch 2 trn. 3. Tnh nhanh khi lng Mol ca Peptit: * Th d: H[NHCH2CO]4OH . Ta c M= MGli x 4 3x18 = 246g/mol H[NHCH(CH3)CO]3OH Ta c M= MAla x 3 2x18 = 231g/mol H[NHCH2CO]nOH . Ta c M= [MGli x n (n-1).18]g/mol * i vi 2 Peptit khi thy phn c t l s mol bng nhau,th ta xem 2 Peptit l mt Peptit v ghi phn ng ta nn ghi gp . Khi lng mol ca Petpti chnh l tng khi lng mol ca 2 Peptit . Th d: Tripeptit H[NHCH2CO]3OH v Tetrapeptit H[NHCH2CO]4OH (c s mol bng nhau) Th ta xem 2 Peptit l Heptapeptit: H[NHCH2CO]7OH v M= 435g/mol 4. Phn ng chy ca Peptit: * Th d: Tripeptit mch h X v Tetrapeptit mch h Y c to t mt Aminoacid no,h trong phn t c 1(NH2) + 1(-COOH). t chy X v Y. Vy lm th no t CTPT cho X,Y? Ta lm nh sau: T CTPT ca Aminoacid no 3 CnH2n+1O2N 2H2O thnh CT C3nH6n 1O4N3(y l cng thcTripeptit) V 4 CnH2n+1O2N 3H2O thnh CT C4nH8n 2O5N4(y l cng thcTetrapeptit) ...... Nu t chy lin quan n lng nc v cacbonic th ta ch cn cn bng C,H tnh ton cho nhanh. C3nH6n 1O4N3 + pO2 3nCO2 + (3n-0,5)H2O + N2 C4nH8n 2 O5N4 + pO2 4nCO2 + (4n-1)H2O +N2.Tnh p(O2) dng BT nguyn t Oxi?

Phn 02: Gii cc bi ton minh ha

Bi 1: X l mt Tetrapeptit cu to t Aminoacid A, trong phn t A c 1(-NH2) + 1(-COOH) ,no,mch h.Trong A Oxi chim 42,67% khi lng . Thy phn m gam X trong mi trng acid th thu c 28,35(g) trpeptit; 79,2(g) ipeptit v 101,25(g) A. Gi tr ca m l? a. 184,5. b. 258,3. c. 405,9. d. 202,95. Hng dn: T % khi lng Oxi trong A ta xc nh c A l Gli ( H2NCH2COOH) vi M=75 Cng thc ca Tetrapeptit l H[NHCH2CO]4OH vi M= 75x4 3x18 = 246g/mol Tnh s mol: Tripeptit l : 28,35: 189 = 0,15(mol) ipeptit l : 79,2 : 132 = 0,6 (mol) Glyxin(A) : 101,25 : 75 = 1,35(mol). Gii gn nh sau: t mt xch NHCH2CO = X. Ghi s phn ng : (X)4 (X)3 + X ; (X)4 2 (X)2 v (X)4 4X 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,3 0,6 0,3 1,2 T s trn ta tnh c: S mol X phn ng l: (0,15+0,3+0,3)=0,75mol m = 0,75.246 =184,5(g) Bi 2: Thy phn hon ton 143,45 gam hn hp A gm hai tetrapeptit thu c 159,74 gam hn hp X gm cc Aminoacid (Cc Aminoacid ch cha 1 nhm COOH v 1 nhm NH2 ) . Cho ton b X tc dng vi dung dch HCl d,sau c cn dung dch th nhn c m (gam) mui khan. Tnh khi lng nc phn ng v gi tr ca m ln lt bng? a. 8,145(g) v 203,78(g). b. 32,58(g) v 10,15(g). c. 16,2(g) v 203,78(g) d. 16,29(g) v 203,78(g). Hng dn: t Cng thc chung cho hn hp A l H[NHRCO]4OH Ta c phn ng : H[NHRCO]4OH + 3H2O 4 H2NRCOOH Hay: (X)4 + 3H2O 4X ( Trong X = HNRCO) Chuyn : Amin Aminoaxit Protein Polime Trang 21

GV: Phm c Anh (THPT Bng Ring H.Xuyn Mc - BRVT) p dng LBTKL nH2O = T phn ng nX=

Ti liu luyn thi C H 2012

mX mA 0,905(mol ) mH2O = 16,29 gam. 18

4 4 n H2O = .0,905 (mol) 3 3

X.HCl

Phn ng ca X tc dng vi HCl : X + HCl p dng BTKL m(Mui) = mX + mHCl = 159,74 +

4 .0,905 .36,5 = 203,78(g) 3

Bi 3:Tripeptit M v Tetrapeptit Q c to ra t mt Aminoacid X mch h ( phn t ch cha 1 nhm NH2 ). Phn trm khi lng Nito trong X bng 18,667%. Thy phn khng hon ton m(g) hn hp M,Q (c t l s mol 1:1) trong mi trng Acid thu c 0,945(g) M; 4,62(g) ipeptit v 3,75 (g) X.Gi tr ca m? a. 4,1945(g). b. 8,389(g). c. 12,58(g). d. 25,167(g). Hng dn: Ta c %N =

14 18,667 MX 75 X l Glyxin MX 100

Do hai peptit c t l s mol phn ng 1:1 nn xem hn hp M,Q l mt Heptapeptit : H[NHCH2CO]7OH v c M = 435g/mol Ghi phn ng :

27 (Gli)7 + H2O (Gli)3 7 27 0,005mol 0,005mol 7 27 m(M,Q) = 0,005mol.435 = 8,389(g) 7

7 (Gli)2 0.035mol

+ 10 (Gli) 0.05mol

Gii theo cch khc: (Gli)7 2(Gli)3 + Gli ; (Gli)7 3 (Gli)2 + Gli v (Gli)7 7(Gli) 0,0025mol 0,005mol 0,0025 0,035/3 0,035mol 0,035/3 0,0358/7 0.0358 T cc phn ng tnh c s mol ca (Gli)7 l : 0.01928(mol) Bi 4: Tripeptit mch h X v Tetrapeptit mch h Y u c to ra t mt Aminoacid no,mch h c 1 nhm COOH v 1 nhm NH2 .t chy hon ton 0,1 mol X thu c sn phm gm H2O, CO2 v N2 trong tng khi lng CO2 v H2O bng 36,3(g) .Nu t chy hon ton 0,2 mol Y th s mol O2 cn phn ng l? a. 2,8(mol). b. 1,8(mol). c. 1,875(mol). d. 3,375 (mol) Hng dn: R rng X,Y u sinh ra do Aminoacid c CT CnH2n+1O2N. Do vy ta c CT ca X,Y tng ng l: C3nH6n 1O4N3(X) , C4nH8n 2O5N4(Y). Phn ng chy X: C3nH6n 1O4N3 + pO2 3nCO2 + (3n-0,5)H2O + N2 0,1mol 0,3n(mol) 0,3(3n-0,5)mol Ta c phng trnh tng khi lng H2O v CO2 : 0,3[44.n + 18. (3n-0,5)] = 36.3 n = 2 Phn ng chy Y: C4nH8n 2 O5N4 + pO2 4nCO2 + (4n-1)H2O + N2 . 0,2mol 0,2.p 0,8n (0,8n -0,2) p dng BT nguyn t Oxi : 0,2.5+ 0,2.2p = 0,8.2.2 +(0,8.2 -0,2) p = 9. nO2 = 9x0,2 = 1,8(mol)

Chuyn : Amin Aminoaxit Protein Polime

Trang 22