Cc nguyn tc c bn gim st ngn hng c hiu qu ca y ban Basel U ban Gam st ngn hng Basel l U ban bao gm cc c quan

gim st ngn hng c thnh lp bi cc thng c NHTW ca nhm cc nc G-10 nm 1975. U ban bao gm cc i din lnh o cao cp ca cc c quan gim st ngn hng v cc NHTW ca cc nc B, Canada, Php, c, Italia, Nht Bn, Luxemboure, H Lan, Thu in, Anh v M. U ban thng nhm hp ti Ngn hng Thanh ton Quc t Basel. K t khi ra i, U ban Gim st ngn hng Basel ban hnh nhiu nguyn tc, chun mc quan trng v thanh tra, gim st ngn hng v c hu ht cc c quan gim st ngn hng trn th gii tha nhn v p dng rng ri. Cc nguyn tc, chun mc quc t quan trng nht bao gm: - Cc (25) nguyn tc c bn gim st ngn hng c hiu qu ban hnh nm 1997; Hip c vn (Basel I) ban hnh nm 1988; Hip c vn mi (Basel II) ban hnh 2004 (hiu lc thc hin t ngy 01/12/2006).

Cc nguyn tc, chun mc trn hin nay ang c cc t chc quc t s dng lm cn c quan trng nh gi mc pht trin v hu hiu cc h thng gim st ngn hng, ng thi c hu ht cc c quan gim st ngn hng trn th gii ly lm mc tiu phn u. n nay, hu ht cc c quan gim st ngn hng trn th gii p dng 25 nguyn tc c bn ca y ban Basel v thc hin Basel I; nhiu quc gia /s sm trin khai Basel II. Di y l ni dung ca 25 nguyn tc c bn ca y ban Basel: Nguyn tc c bn s 1 Mt h thng gim st ngn hng hiu qu phi phn nh r trch nhim v mc tiu cho mi c quan lin quan trong hot ng gim st ngn hng. Mi c quan gim st cn hot ng c lp v c y ngun lc. Mt khung php l ph hp cho hot ng gim st ngn hng cng rt cn thit, trong bao gm cc quy nh v quyn cp php thnh lp ngn hng v hot ng gim st thng xuyn; quyn x l vic tun th php lut v nhng vn v an ton v hiu qu hot ng ca ngn hng; v s bo v ca php lut i vi c quan gim st. Thit lp c ch ph hp trong vic chia s v bo mt thng tin gia cc c quan gim st ngn hng. Nguyn tc c bn s 2 Cn qui nh r nhng hot ng c php thc hin ca cc t chc c cp php hot ng v chu s gim st nh cc ngn hng, ng thi kim sot cht ch vic s dng t ngn hng trong tn gi ca cc t chc. Nguyn tc c bn s 3 C quan cp php c quyn t ra nhng tiu chun cho vic thnh lp ngn hng v t chi cc n xin thnh lp khng p ng c cc yu cu t ra. Qui trnh cp php mc ti thiu phi bao gm cc nh gi c bn v cu trc s hu, thnh vin hi ng qun tr, ban lnh o cao cp ca ngn hng, k hoch hot ng v kim sot ni b cng nh tnh hnh ti chnh d kin, bao gm c ngun vn gp ca ngn hng; i vi trng hp ch s hu hoc ngn hng m l mt ngn hng nc ngoi, cn c s chp thun ca c quan gim st ti nc bn x.

Nguyn tc c bn s 4 C quan gim st c quyn xem xt v bc b nhng xut chuyn i mc c phn trng yu hay quyn li chi phi ca ngn hng ang hot ng cho cc bn khc. Nguyn tc c bn s 5 C quan gim st phi c quyn ra cc tiu chun nh gi vic mua li hay u t ln ca ngn hng v m bo rng c cu mua li hay u t khng to ri ro cho ngn hng hay cn tr hot ng gim st hiu qu Nguyn tc c bn s 6 C quan gim st thit lp cc yu cu v mc vn an ton ti thiu i vi cc ngn hng. Cc yu cu phi phn nh ng ri ro trong hot ng ngn hng v qui nh r v c cu vn c kh nng b p l. Ring i vi nhng ngn hng c hot ng quc t, nhng yu cu ni trn khng c thp hn mc quy nh ca Tha thun Basel Capital Accord v cc phin bn sa i sau ca Tha thun. Nguyn tc c bn s 7 Mt ni dung quan trng ca mi h thng gim st ngn hng l vic nh gi chnh sch, thng l v th tc ca ngn hng trong vic cp cc khon cho vay, u t; v qun tr thng xuyn danh mc vn cho vay v u t. Nguyn tc c bn s 8 C quan gim st cn m bo rng cc ngn hng thit lp v tun th cc chnh sch, thng l v th tc nh gi cht lng ti sn v mc y v trch lp d phng tn tht tn dng v cc khon d tr tn tht tn dng. Nguyn tc c bn s 9 C quan gim st cn m bo rng ngn hng c h thng thng tin qun tr cho php ban lnh o ngn hng nhn bit c mc tp trung trong danh mc u t. C quan gim st cn quy nh cc gii hn an ton nhm hn ch ri ro ca ngn hng trong hot ng cho vay vi mt khch hng vay hoc mt nhm khch hng vay c quan h mt thit. Nguyn tc c bn s 10 ngn nga vic lm dng pht sinh t vic cp cc khon cho vay vi cc bn c lin quan, c quan gim st phi quy nh cc ngn hng tin hnh cho vay vi cc cng ty v c nhn c lin quan theo ng gi tr th trng, ng thi gim st cht ch vic gia hn tn dng cho cc khon vay ni trn v c cc bin php ph hp kim sot v hn ch ri ro. Nguyn tc c bn s 11 C quan gim st cn c m bo rng ngn hng c cc chnh sch v quy trnh y nhn bit, gim st v qun l ri ro quc gia v ri ro chuyn i trong hot ng cho vay v u t quc t, ng thi c cc chnh sch, quy trnh duy tr mc d tr hp l i vi cc ri ro . Nguyn tc c bn s 12 C quan gim st cn c m bo ngn hng c h thng cho php o lng chnh xc, gim st v kim sot ton din ri ro th trng; c quan gim st phi c quyn quy nh

nhng gii hn c th v/hoc nhng yu cu v vn b p ri ro th trng nu cn thit. Nguyn tc c bn s 13 C quan gim st cn c m bo rng ngn hng duy tr quy trnh qun l ri ro ton din (bao gm c vai tr gim st thch hp ca hi ng qun tr v ban iu hnh cp cao) nhm nhn bit, o lng, gim st v kim sot tt c cc ri ro trng yu khc v duy tr mc vn b p ri ro nu cn thit. Nguyn tc c bn s 14 C quan gim st cn kim tra xc nh rng ngn hng c h thng kim sot ni b ph hp vi tnh cht v quy m hot ng ca ngn hng. H thng kim sot ni b bao gm vic phn nh r rng quyn hn v trch nhim; phn nh chc nng trong hot ng ca ngn hng, chuyn vn, hch ton ti sn c v ti sn n; thng nht cc quy trnh; kim sot ti sn; chc nng kim ton ni b c s c lp cn thit hoc kim ton c lp v chc nng tun th nhm kim tra mc tun th ca ngn hng vi h thng kim sot ni trn cng nh vi cc quy nh ca lut php. Nguyn tc c bn s 15 C quan gim st cn kim tra xc nh rng ngn hng c y cc chnh sch, thng l v th tc bao gm c nguyn tc nhn bit khch hng mt cch nghim ngt m bo tun th cc chun mc v o c v chuyn mn trong lnh vc ti chnh, ng thi ngn nga vic ngn hng b s dng cho cc mc ch ti phm, d v tnh hay hu . Nguyn tc c bn s 16 H thng gim st ngn hng hiu qu phi kt hp gia thanh tra ti ch v gim st t xa. Nguyn tc c bn s 17 C quan gim st phi thng xuyn lin h vi b my lnh o ngn hng v am hiu mi hot ng ca ngn hng. Nguyn tc c bn s 18 C quan gim st phi c phng tin thu thp, xem xt v phn tch bo co an ton hot ng v thng tin thng k t ngn hng trn phng din ring l v hp nht. Nguyn tc c bn s 19 C quan gim st phi c phng tin nh gi c lp cc thng tin gim st thng qua thanh tra ti ch hoc s dng kim ton c lp. Nguyn tc c bn s 20 Mt ni dung quan trng trong hot ng gim st ngn hng l kh nng gim st tp on ngn hng trn phng din hp nht. Nguyn tc c bn s 21 C quan gim st cn m bo rng cc ngn hng lu gi h s y theo ng cc chnh sch v thng l k ton nhm gip c quan gim st c c ci nhn trung thc v hp l v tnh hnh ti chnh v kh nng sinh li ca ngn hng. C quan gim st cng cn c m bo rng ngn hng cng b theo nh k cc bo co ti chnh phn nh hp l tnh hnh hot ng ca mnh. Nguyn tc c bn s 22 C quan gim st c cc bin php gim st theo thm quyn p

dng nhng bin php x l kp thi vi cc ngn hng vi phm quy ch an ton hot ng (nh t l an ton vn ti thiu) v vi phm cc quy nh ca php lut hoc khi quyn li ca ngi gi tin b e da di bt k hnh thc no. Trong nhng trng hp khn thit, c quan gim st c quyn thu hi hoc kin ngh thu hi giy php hot ng ca ngn hng. Nguyn tc c bn s 23 C quan gim st tin hnh gim st trn phng din hp nht trn ton th gii i vi cc ngn hng c hot ng quc t, kim sot cht ch v p dng cc quy ch an ton hot ng ph hp vi tt c cc hot ng kinh doanh trn ton th gii ca ngn hng, ch yu i vi cc chi nhnh nc ngoi, cc lin doanh v cng ty con. Nguyn tc c bn s 24 Mt ni dung quan trng ca hot ng gim st trn phng din hp nht l thit lp lin h v trao i thng tin vi cc c quan gim st khc, ch yu l c quan gim st ti nc s ti. Nguyn tc c bn s 25 C quan gim st yu cu hot ng ca cc ngn hng nc ngoi cng phi tun th nhng qui ch an ton nh i vi cc ngn hng trong nc v c quan gim st phi c quyn chia x thng tin theo yu cu ca c quan gim st nc bn x cho mc ch gim st trn phng din hp nht. NGUYN HU NGHA -NHNN