2000 5

,
,,
,
"
"""; "";
,
,
,1947 ,;,1953 ,

20 80 ,()
, 80 90
,
,
1.

1.1
,:()
, ( ),""(:1985, 39 )
,
1.2
, ,"

,";"
,";()
:"(1);(2);(3);(4),

,"( :1994, 7-11 )1

1.3
""

 ,
: ,"
,
,
,
"(:1990a)2
1.4
,""
:" , ,
,,,
,,"(:1947, 71 )
1.5
, , ,
,
(), , ()
,
() 3,
, 4
,"",
,"""",
(),,
1.6

: ?,
,(:1998;:1999)

( ) ( ),
"",
,
1.7
,,
,, :(
) ( ,
-;
),(),(
) ,
,

2. 5

2.1
, ,
,""
,""
,
, ,
, ,
(, ),
,,,
2.2
, ""
:(1)
, ;(2)

-,,
,
;(3) ,
,
,
,,
;,
,
,
,
,,
""
2.3
1949
,
(),(); ,
,,
,()
"","() (), ,
"(:1999), ,
, E. ,

 , ,
,,,
(:1999,:1995),

;
,

2.4
,",,
,
,
"(:1999) " (
,,,,),
,
( )
,
,"(:1998)
2.5
,, ,,
60-70 ,
()

(), ,

2.6
,80 , ()

2.7
, 80 ,

, ()
,(, ,
,)(
)
: ,"
,
,,,

,"(:1994)
3.

3.1
" ":()
,,
, , ,
,,
,,
(),
),
(

3.2
,, ""
,(situation) (setting)
,
,,

3.3
, ,,
,
,
,
,,
:
, (
:1998) "",
"""" (:1998),
""
3.4
,,
,
,
" "" "
,,
,6

,,
, ,

3.5
,
""""
,;
,

,,
""
,
, ""

, ,

,,
"" ,
,

3.6
, ( )
," " ,
, ,
,
,,
3.7
,,
( ) ,, ,
( ),
,

(:1999)
4.

4.1
, ,

 ?90
,,

, , ,
;,
(:1995;:1995;
:1995;:1997)
4.2
,
"","
,,;
,
,
,
, ,
"," ,
""
,

"(:1994) ,
,

4.3
,

,,
;
,,
,
4.4
,
- () (
),(:1987;
:1994;:1999)
,
,
,

4.5

():(1),

, ,

,
(2),
- """";
"", ;
, ,
, (3)
,,
,
, , ,
,
, ,
,
,

1,:",
,,, ,
"(:1995, 1 )
2 ,
,,
,
(:1990b)
3 ,80 ,
""(:1990a)
4, :"
,"(:1994)
5 , , ""(
:1999)
, ,,1949
,,
()
,,

6 "" ,
, 1996 , 336338339
:
: , ()1987 3

,1995, ,
,
: - ,(
)1996
,1991,,
,1947,, ()
,1994,,
,1995,-()
: (,
1993 5 ;-
,1993 5 )
:- C ,1993 4
:,1995 9
,1995,-<,>,()

,1997,,
,1996,,
,1994,,
,1999,,
:,1995 3 :
,1994 6

,1999, ,
2000 3
:-""
,1999 6
,1997, ,
,1995,,
:,1994 6
:, 1985
,1998,: ,

:,()1990 1
::,()1990 5
:,
1999
Freedman,Maurice.(1966),Chinese Lineage and Society:Fukien and Kwangtung,The Athlone
Press.
Parish,William L.and Whyte,MartinK.(1978),Village and Family in Contemporary
China,ChicagoUniversityPress.
Yang,Martin C.(1965),A Chinese Village,Columbia University Press.2000
05