TC HAI CUA BUI SILIC

1 - Ngnh, ngh, cng vic tip xc

- Ngnh khai thc mo than, mo st, mo mng gan, a-pa-tt, mo d, mo thach anh... ngh khoan
d, xe d, bn mn, hm l, san xut d gm, snh su, dc kim loai, say khong san, san xut
xi mng, gach ngi, khai thc ct, cng nhn lm vic trn cng truong xy dung, san xut
thuy tinh, lm duong giao thng trn b, ngh cn cao su, san xut bt nhe, mi d, hn d,
san xut phn ln v.v...
2 - Tc hi dn sc khoe
- Bui -xt si-lc tu do gy bnh bui phi silc mt bnh khng chua duoc, nguoi bi bnh ra
khoi mi truong tip xc bnh vn tin trin. Dn nay o nuoc ta voi s luong khim tn d
pht hin duoc 6037 nguoi.
- Bnh gy cho nguoi lao dng kh tho khi gng suc, ho, khac dom, dau nguc, c khi dau du
di, c cam gic tuc nguc.
- Bnh nng lm co th st cn, n ngu km co th suy sup nhanh.
- Nguoi bnh d bi nhim truc khun lao v cc vi sinh vt gy bnh khc.
- Bnh bui phi si-lc gy bin chung dn ph nang phi thuong gp nht, lm cho nguoi kh
tho, suy h hp, nhim khun ph quan, vim phi cp tnh, vin ph quan, tm ph mn, trn
kh ph mac lm nguoi cht.
3 - Bin php an ton
- Co gioi ho, tu dng ho quy trnh cng ngh san xut.
- nh xuong phai thng thong, c h thng xu l bui thch hop khng gy nhim mi
truong lao dng v mi truong thin nhin.
- Lm m uot hoc che kn ngun pht sinh ra bui. Cm dng quat trn chng nng hay thng
kh nh xuong.
- Giam thoi gian lm vic tip xc voi bui.
- Nh xuong dt cui chiu gi cch xa b phn lm vic khng c bui, c th b tr lm vic
vo cui gio.
- Nguoi lao dng phai deo khu trang ngn duoc bui, tt nht l deo mt na chng bui.
- Sau gio lm vic phai tm rua, thay qun o sach s.
- Hng nm phai do kim mi truong.
- Khng tuyn dung v b tr nguoi c tin su bnh duong h hp nhu: vim mui di ung, cc
bnh phi man tnh, hen ph quan, lao phi...
- Hng nm phai t chuc khm suc khoe ngh nghip, chup phi v do chuc nng h hp.
- Nguoi bi bnh bui phi si-lc phai duoc diu tri chuyn khoa v khng b tr lm vic trong
mi truong c bui.
- T chuc tp hun cho nguoi tip xc bit tc hai cua bui si-lc v bin php an ton.

TC HAI CUA BJI A-MI-NG
1 - Ngnh, ngh, cng vic tip xc
- Khai thc mo a-mi-ng, san xut tm lop a-mi-ng, san xut m phanh t, dt soi a-mi-ng,
ch tao ni hoi, nguoi bun bn soi a-mi-ng, dnh vua a-mi-ng, xay nghin a-ming. Cng
nhn xuong dng tu, nguoi sua chua ti tao m phanh...
2 - Tc hi dn sc khoe
A-mi-ng gy bnh bui phi a-mi-ng, khng c thuc diu tri dc hiu, thuong tu vong do
vim phi ph quan, suy tim hoc khi u pht trin dn mng phi.
- A-mi-ng l mt cht gy ung thu phi, ung thu da dy, ung thu thanh quan, ung thu thn...
- A-mi-ng c nguy co pht trin caxinom ph quan, caxinom thanh quan, caxinom duong
tiu ho.
- A-mi-ng cn gy mt s bnh thng thuong: Vim ph quan, vim tiu ph quan, trn dich
mng phi, dy mng phi, xep phi.
- Bui a-mi-ng gy tn thuong gic mac mt.
- Bnh bui phi a - mi- ng ngh nghip duoc huong ch d bao him x hi. Bnh c th
bin chung tm ph man dua dn tu vong.
3 - Bin php an ton
- Giam bot thoi gian tip xc voi bui a-mi-ng, thay th a-ming bng nguyn liu khc, tu
dng ho quy trnh cng ngh.
- Lm m hoc che kn ngun pht sinh ra bui.
- C h thng xu l bui thch hop khng gy nhim mi truong.
- Su dung trang bi bao h lao dng ngn duoc bui qua duong h hp, duong tiu ho.
- Khng dng quat trn thng gi v chng nng.
- Lm vic xong phai tm rua thay qun o sach s.
- Hng nm phai do mi truong v khm suc khoe dinh k, chup X quang phi, do chuc nng
h hp.
- Khng tuyn dung v b tr nguoi c tin su bnhphi, hen ph quan.
- Nguoi lao dng phai duoc tp hun v tc hai cua a-mi-ng v bin php an ton.

TC HAI CUA BJI THAN
1 - Ngnh, ngh, cng vic tip xc
- Ngnh khai thc mo than, nghin xay than cm, tho l dt, vn chuyn v ch bin than.
2 - Tc hi dn sc khoe
- Nguoi lao dng tip xc voi bui than c nguy co bi bnh bui phi than.
- Trong than c ln hm luong si-lic tu do, c th bi bnh bui phi than si-lc.
- Nguoi tip xc voi bui than thuong bi vim ph quan man tnh.
- Bnh bui phi than gy ri loan thng kh phi, trn kh phi, c th gy hi chung tc
nghn.
- Bnh bui phi than gy xo ho phi, di khi phi hop voi cc bin chung khc lm bnh
nhn tu vong.
- Bui than gy bnh sam da ngh nghip.
3 - Bin php an ton
- Vn chuyn, ch bin, nghin than phai duoc che chn kn. Co so ch bin, nghin than phai
dam bao duoc che chn kn. Co so ch bin, nghin than phai dam bao thng thong, c h
thng xu l bui hoc lm m bui. Khng dng quat trn thng gi chng nng.
- Nguoi lao dng phai deo knh bao h, khu trang chng bui.
- Lm vic xong tm rua, thay qun o sach s.
- Hng nm phai do kim mi truong, khm bnh ngh nghip, do dung tch v chup phim
nguc.
- Nguoi bi bnh bui phi than phai duoc b tr ra khoi mi truong c bui.
- Khng tuyn dung v b tr nguoi c bnh hen ph quan, bnh phi ma tnh lm vic trong
mi truong bui.
- Hng nm nguoi lao dng phai duoc hoc tp v tc hai cua bui than v bin php an ton.
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TC HAI CUA BJI SAT
1 - Ngnh, ngh, cng vic tip xc
- Nguoi khai thc mo st, dng tu, nguoi tip xc voi -xt st, tho hn, nguoi cao ri st,
ngh dnh bng kim loai, xay bt -xt st.
- Nhung ngnh ngh trn thuong ht tho phai bui hn hop trong d c -xt si-lc tu do, mng
gan v bui kim loai khc v.v...
2 - Tc hi dn sc khoe
- Nguoi tip xc voi bui st c nguy mc bnh bui phi st, thuong phi hop voi cc bnh
phi man tnh khc.
- Nguoi bi bnh bui phi st thuong c biu hin ho, khac dom mu nu hay dom mu hng.
- Bnh bui phi st c th gy bin chung suy tim, bi nhim lao t gp.
- Bnh thuong phi hop voi vim ph quan man, bnh nhn ho, dau nguc, kh tho.
- C th tng nguy co ung thu o nguoi nghin thuc l.
3 - Bin php an ton
- Nh xuong b tr xa khu vuc vn phng, phn xuong lm vic khc v o cui chiu gi, thuc
hin tt bin php thng kh, xu l bui tai ch khng d nhim mi truong. Cm dng quat
trn thng gi, chng nng.
- Nguoi tip xc phai deo khu trang chng bui, deo knh bao him mt, mc qun o bao h
lao dng.
- Lm vic xong phai tm rua sach s, thay qun o.
- T chuc cho nguoi lao dng duoc hoc tp v an ton bui st.
- Hng nm phai do kim mi truong, khm suc khoe ngh nghip, chup din quang phi.
- Nguoi bi bnh bui phi st phai lm vic nhe nhng, khng b tr lm vic trong mi truong
bui.
- Bnh bui phi st khng nguy him nhu bn bui phi si-lc nhung vn c nguy co bi bin
chung gy tu vong.
TC HAI CUA BJI BNG
1 - Ngnh, ngh, cng vic tip xc
- Ngnh dt, ngh xe soi, ngh dt bao tai day, ngh bt chn bng, dt tham, ngh tip xc
voi cc loai bui thao mc.
2 - Tc hi dn sc khoe
- Bui bng, gai, day anh huong dn suc khoe chu yu l thng kh phi.
- Bui c chua cht gy co tht ph quan, lm ph n nim mac duong h hp.
- Bui bng, day, gai v cc loai bui thao mc gy nn bnh bui phi bng.
+ Bnh biu hin: Tuc nguc, kh tho khi lao dng sau ngy nghi cui tun.
+ Bnh nhn nhuc du, moi mt, c th st vo ngy thu hai.
+ Bnh c th lm gin ph quan, ph nang, suy h hp man tnh, suy tim dua dn tu vong.
+ Bui bng gy vim da di ung, vim bo mi mt, kch thch hen ph quan.
3 - Bin php an ton
- Nh xuong phai thng thong, c h thng xu l bui, loc bui tt, cc thit bi che chn kn,
khng dng quat trn d thng gi, chng nng.
- Nguoi lao dng phai duoc tp hun v an ton bui, su dung dy du trang bi bao h lao dng.
- Giam thoi gian lao dng trong ca, trong tun.
- Hng nm phai do kim mi truong, khm bnh ngh nghip, tra loi cu hoi mu v do chuc
nng h hp.
- Khng tuyn dung v b tr nguoi mc bnh lao phi, hen xuyn v cc bnh phi man tnh.

TC HAI CUA SI KHONG NHN TAO
1 - Ngnh, ngh, cng vic tip xc
Cc co so san xut soi bng nhn tao, thuy tinh nhn tao, soi dt nhn tao, cc cht doe, cht
cch din, cch nhit.
2 - Tc hi dn sc khoe
- Nguoi tip xc voi soi khong nhn tao c nguy co bi so ho phi v ung thu ph quan.
- Bui soi nhn tao gy bnh vim kt mac, vim mui di ung, vim hong.
- Nguoi lm vic trong mi truong bui thuong bi vim thanh quan v vim ph quan man
tnh.
- Bui soi khong nhn tao cm su vo da gy kch thch da, moc cc mun com hoc sung ho
da, c th gy vim quanh mng.
3 - Bin php an ton
- Nh xuong phai thng thong, c h thng xu l bui tai ch. Khng su dung quat trn thng
gi, chng nng.
- Hng ngy sau bui lm vic, tng v sinh thit bi, my mc, co rua sn nh sach s.
- nguoi lao dng phai su dung trang bi phng h lao dng: khu trang phng bui, knh, qun
o.
- Sau gio lm vic tm rua, thay qun o sach s.
- Hng nm phai t chuc do kim mi truong bui, khm bnh ngh nghip, chu yu khm
bnh duong h hp v bnh ngoi da.
- Khng tuyn dung v b tr nguoi c tiu su bnh duong h hp man tnh.
- Nguoi lao dng phai duoc hoc tp v bin php an ton v sinh phng nhim bui.

TC HAI CUA BUI SI-LI-CT
1 - Ngnh, ngh, cng vic tip xc
- Nguoi khai thc mo, san xut silict, ngnh san xut giy, san xut x phng, cng ngh cao
su, vt liu xy dung, nhua duong, cng nghip cht deo, cht chng dnh, d khun dc,
khun m phm.
2 - Tc hi dn sc khoe
- Silicat thuong ln -xt silc v a-ming rt nguy him, nguoi lao dng tip xc voi nng d
bui cao, c nguy co bi xo ho phi, dnh mng phi, c th gy xep phi.
- Tip xc thuong xuyn voi nng d thp gy vim ph quan man tnh.
- Tip xc voi nng d cao, thoi gian di c nguy co bi bnh ung thu phi, bnh phi u hat
v.v...
- Nguoi bi bnh bui phi do tip xc voi bui si-li-ct d bi bi nhim vi khun, nm mc.
Khng pht hin som diu tri kip thoi c th gy tu vong.
3 - Bin php an ton
- Phai che chn ngun pht sinh ra bui.
- Trang bi h thng xu l bui cuc b, nh xuong phai thng thong. Khng dng quat trn
thng gi, chng nng.
- Nguoi lao dng lm vicphai su dung trang bi bao h c nhn thch hop, ngn can duoc bui.
- Gim st mi truong hng nm.
- Nguoi lao dng duoc hoc tp, hiu bit tc hai ngh nghip cua bui si-lict v bin php an
ton.
- Hng nm phai t chuc khm suc khoe dinh k bnh ngh nghip, chup X quang phi, do
dung tch phi.
- Nguoi bi bnh bui phi phai duoc diu tri chuyn khoa v dua ra khoi mi truong tip xc.
- Khng tuyn dung v b tr nguoi bi bnh bui phi.

Tc hi cua bi grapht
1 - Ngnh, ngh, cng vic tip xc
Nguoi khai thc mo grapht, san xut gach lt grapht, san xut thp, san xut pin, cuc din,
son v, dc kim loai, san xut bt ch.
2 - Tc hi dn sc khoe
Nguoi lao dng lm vic trong mi truong c bui grapht, ht tho phai bui ny c nguy co gy
bnh bui phi. Bnh bui phi do grapht gy xo ho phi, vim ph quan man tnh, c th gy
tc nghn, lm ri loan chuc nng phi, biu hin bnh nhn dau nguc, kh tho.
3 - Bin php an ton
- Phai che chn cch ly giua ngun gy ra bui v nguoi lao dng;
- Trang bi h thng xu l bui cuc b, nh xuong thng thong, khng su dung quat trn d
thng gi, chng nng;
- Nguoi lao dng phai dng trang bi phng h thch hop d han ch ht phai bui;
- Hng nm t chuc khm bnh ngh nghip, chup X quang, do chuc nng h hp;
- Khng tuyn dung nguoi c tiu su bnh phi;
- Nguoi lao dng phai duoc tp hun v bin php an ton bui;
- T chuc gim st mi truong thuong xuyn hng nm.

TC HAI CUA BJI GO, TRE, NUA
1 - Ngnh, ngh, cng vic tip xc
- Ngh cua, xe g, nguoi khai rung, dn cui, nh my g, nh my giy, co so nghin ch bin
bt giy, nh my in, tho mc, tho dng d, ngh nhn tram tr g v.v...
2 - Tc hi dn sc khoe
- Hen suyn phu thuc vo tnh nhy cam cua tung nguoi voi tung loai bui.
- Vim ph nang di ung c th dn dn vim ph nang xo ho.
- Vim xoang, vim mui di ung.
- Vim mng tip hop mt.
- C th bi ung thu mui, xoang o nhung nguoi tip xc voi g cung.
3 - Bin php an ton
- Trang bi h thng xu l bui tai ch, nh xuong thng thong. Khng dng quat trn thng
gi, chng nng.
- Nguoi lao dng phai deo knh bao h lao dng, deo khu trangphng bui, lm vic xong
phai tm rua, thay qun o sach s.
- Khng b tr nguoi nhy cam voi bui nhu hen suyn, vim mui di ung v.v....
- Phai tuyn truyn gio duc nguoi lao dng bit tc hai cua bui ny.
- Hng nm phai t chuc khm bnh ngh nghip v do kim mi truong lao dng.
- Nguoi lao dng phai duoc hoc tp v bin php an ton phng nhim bui.

HAI CUA BJI THUC L, THUC LO
1 - Ngnh, ngh, cng vic tip xc
Nguoi thu hoach thuc l, nh my san xut thuc l diu, co so san xut thuc lo, trong soi
thuc l c cht ni-c-tin l cht gy dc hai.
2 - Tc hi dn sc khoe
- Bui thuc l c nguy co gy suy nhuoc thn kinh, bnh nhn bi dau du, km n, km ngu,
co th mt moi, giam tr nho.
- Bui gy vim mui, vim hong, hen suyn (o mt s nguoi nhay cam voi bui, ho cht ni-c-
tin), ho ko di, kh tho khi gng suc.
- Gy bnh tim mach: lm tng nhip tim, nhip mach v huyt p.
- V tiu ho: Dau vng thuong vi, bun nn, o chua, n km, st cn.
- Mt: Gim thi luc, vim mng kt mac.
- Bui thuc l v hoi ni-c-tin gy sam da, chm ho, di ung ngoi da.
- Bui thuc l v hoi ni-ctin c nguy co gy ung hu phi, ung thu vm hong v.v...
3 - Bin php an ton
- Nh xuong phai thg thong, c h thng xu l bui, xu l hoi kh. Khng dng quat trn d
thng gi, chng nng.
- Nguoi lao dng phai su dung trang bi phng h lao dng: deo khu trang phng bui, dng
mt na phng dc, deo knh bao ve mt.
- Lm vic xong phai tm rua sach s, thay qun o.
- hng nm t chuc tp hun cho nguoi lao dng hi bit tc hai ngh nghip v bin php an
ton.
- Do mi truong lao dng t nht mi nm mt ln.
- Khng tuyn dung v b tr nguoi bi bnh suy nhuoc thn kinh, bnh tim mach, bnh hen v
cc bnh phi man tnh.
- T chuc khm bnh ngh nghip cho nguoi lao dng, lm din tim, xt nghim ni-c-tin
trong nuoc tiu, do chuc nng h hp.

TC HAI CUA BJI ROM RA, THC LA
1 - Ngnh, ngh, cng vic tip xc
- Nguoi thu hoach la, tut la, dap la, quat thc, phoi rom ra, thu gom dnh dng rom ra,
vn chuyn la...
2 - Tc hi dn sc khoe
- Nguoi ht tho phai bui rom ra, thc la (trong bui c nm mc v cc bui huu co khc) gy
vim ph nang di ung lm ri loan trao di kh.
- Bnh pht trin m i, d bo qua nn rt nguy him, n c th gy tn thuong phi khng hi
phuc, d bi bi nhim do vi khun gy bnh.
- Bnh gy st cao, kh tho, ho nhiu c dom, c khi ho ra mu nguoi kh chiu, dau mnh
my, chn tay run ry. Bnh ko di hng thng ri chuyn thnh bnh phi man tnh, nguoi
bnh suy nhuoc, st cn.
- Bnh c th gy xo ho phi dn dn suy h hp , ri loan trao di kh.
- Bui thc, rom ra cung l c nhn gy bnh hen suyn, di ung da.
- Bui vo mt gy tn thuong gic mac, kt mac.
3 - Bin php an ton
- Nhung ngy thu hoach la phai deo khu trang phng bui, deo knh chng bn vo mt.
- My tut la, dp la, quat thc phai b tr o cui chiu gi.
- Sau bui lm vic phai thay qun o, tm rua sach s.
- Nu thy nguoi kh chiu, kh tho, st phai di khm bnh ngay.
- Nguoi c tiu su bnh hen khng nn tip xc voi bui.

TC HAI CUA BUI THUC PHAM
1 - Ngnh, ngh, cng vic tip xc
Xay xt la gao, ngu cc, san xut bnh keo, san xut bnh m, bc vc gao, ch bin thuc n
gia sc.
2 - Tc hi dn sc khoe
- Hen suyn c th xay ra;
- Vim mui cp xut tit;
- Vim thanh quan, vim ph quan, ho ko di;
- Vim mng tip hop mt, vim bo mi mt;
- C th bi st km theo ho, kh tho xut hin sau mt ngy lm vic.
3 - Bin php an ton
- Phai tuyn truyn gio duc nguoi lao dng hiu bit v v sinh an ton thuc phm.
- Trong kho tng phai dam bao thg thong, c h thng quat thng gi, khng nn dng quat
trn.
- My xay xt gao la gao, ngu cc, cc luong thuc khc nhu: Ng, khoai, sn... phai che chn
kn c bao rut tuong khng ch bui bay ra ngoi.
- Nguoi lao dng phai deo khu trang, deo knh bao h.
- Sau bui lm vic phai tm rua, thay qun o sach s. Ma dng phai tm nuoc nng.
- Khng b tr nguoi c tin su bnh di ung, hen suyn, vim ph quan man, vim mng tip
hop man, cc bnh truyn nhim vo lm vic.
- Hng nm phai khm bnh ngh nghip v do kim mi truong lao dng, xt nghim phn
tm nguoi mang vi trng gy bnh.
- Nguoi lao dng phai duoc hoc tp v tc hai cua bui thuc phm v bin php an ton.