TRNG . KHOA.

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Bo co tt nghip
ti:

CNG NGH RFID

Li cm n
Em xin by t lng cm n su sc ti Ths. H c Phng v s hng dn, ch bo tn tnh, cng vi nhng li khuyn qu gi ca thy trong qu trnh em hc tp cng nh thc hin kha lun. Em xin gi li cm n ti cc thy c ging dy ti i hc Cng ngh - i hc Quc Gia H Ni ni chung cng nh cc thy c trong b mn Mng truyn thng ni ring trang b cho em nhng kin thc qu bu trong thi gian em hc ti trng. cng l tin c s em c th thc hin c tt kha lun ca mnh. D rt c gng hon thnh kha lun nhng khng th trnh khi nhng sai xt v vy e rt mong nhn c kin nh gi ca cc thy c v cc bn em c th hon thin ti kha lun ca em mt cch tt nht. Em xin chn thnh cm n!

Sinh vin thc hin Nguyn Hi Triu

Danh mc hnh nh Hnh 1 Cc loi th RFID.....................................................................................................5 Hnh 2: nh dng th RFID ..............................................................................................21 Hnh 3: Kin trc a tng ca h thng eHealthCare.........................................................23 Hnh 4: Kin trc h thng eHealthCare ............................................................................25 Hnh 5: C s d liu ti bnh vin....................................................................................27 Hnh 6: Vng phm vi c ca antena ...............................................................................32 Hnh 7 Reader Utility .........................................................................................................37 Hnh 8 Thng tin bnh nhn...............................................................................................40 Hnh 9 Chng trnh ti bnh vin.....................................................................................41

TM TT NI DUNG Ni dung c bn ca kha lun gm hai ni dung chnh: tng qut cng ngh RFID v trin khai mt ng dng n gin. Phn th nht gii thiu v cng ngh RFID (nhn dng sng v tuyn t xa), cc thnh phn ca mt h thng RFID, nn tng ca cng ngh ny, cc thnh phn lin quan trong mt h thng RFID, nhng ng dng ang c p dng trong thc tin v tim nng pht trin ca RFID. Phn th hai trnh by qu trnh xy dng mt h thng n gin s dng cng ngh RFID h thng eHealthCare, h thng chm sc, theo di bnh nhn ca bnh vin nhm mc ch x l s c khi xy bnh nhn mt cch nhanh chng v hiu qu nht.

M c l c
CHNG 1 GII THIU.................................................................................................5 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.4.1 2.4.2 2.4.3 2.4.4 2.4.5 2.5 2.5.1 2.5.2 2.6 2.6.1 2.7 2.8 Tnh nng v tim nng .........................................................................................5 nh hng s dng ..............................................................................................2 xut ng dng eHealthcare ..............................................................................2 Mc lc ..................................................................................................................3 Lch s v nn tng cng ngh ..............................................................................4 Cc loi th RFID ..................................................................................................5 H thng RFID ......................................................................................................6 Hin ti s dng.....................................................................................................7 Thanh ton di ng ............................................................................................7 Qun l giao thng.............................................................................................9 Qun l kho v qun l chui cung ng ..........................................................12 Th vin ...........................................................................................................13 Nhn dng ngi..............................................................................................14 Tim nng s dng ..............................................................................................16 Thay th m vch .............................................................................................16 Xc nh cc bnh nhn v nhn vin bnh vin .............................................17 Thch thc ...........................................................................................................18 Cc chun RFID cha thng nht ....................................................................18 Ring t................................................................................................................19 Bo mt ................................................................................................................20

CHNG 2 GII THIU RFID......................................................................................4

CHNG 3 KIN TRC H THNG eHealthCare..................................................20 3.1 3.2 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.3 3.4 4.1 4.1.1 4.1.2 4.1.3 4.2 4.2.1 4.2.2 5.1 5.2 M t tnh hung..................................................................................................20 Kin trc h thng eHealthcare ...........................................................................20 Yu cu ca h thng .......................................................................................20 Kin trc a tng ca h thng E-healthcare ...................................................21 Vai tr cc thnh phn: ........................................................................................23 Quan h gia cc thnh phn...............................................................................25 B toolkit .............................................................................................................29 Cc transponder................................................................................................30 Antenna RI-ANT-S01C ...................................................................................31 Reader (RI-STU-MB2A) .................................................................................33 Trin khai.............................................................................................................34 Toolkit..............................................................................................................34 Chng trnh lin quan ....................................................................................36 Tng kt ...............................................................................................................44 Phng hng pht trin .....................................................................................44

CHNG 4 CI T H THNG ..............................................................................29

CHNG 5 KT LUN .................................................................................................44

CHNG 1 GII THIU

1.1 Tnh nng v tim nng RFID (nhn dng t ng t xa), l phng php nhn dng t ng da trn kh nng lu tr v nhn d liu t xa bng cc thit b th RFID. Th RFID c kch thc nh v c th gn vo sn phm, gn trn ngi, ng vt. Th RFID cha cc chip silicon v cc angten cho php nhn lnh v p ng li bng tn s v tuyn RF t mt RFID pht p. u l cng c nhn dng nhng RFID pht trin hn m vch - cng c dng cha thng tin v sn phm nh: nc sn xut, tn doanh nghip, l hng, tiu chun cht lng ng k, thng tin v kch thc sn phm, ni kim tra... RFID s dng phng php truyn v nhn d liu t mt im n cc im khc c khong cch v u c khng nht thit phi thy th; kh nng gi mo gn nh khng th (phng php m vch rt d gi mo); c kh nng c/ghi khi cp nht thng tin v dung lng d liu ln; kh nng ng thi qut nhiu th mt lc. RFID ti s dng nhiu ln vi thi gian lu, chu c cc iu kin khc nghit hn m vch. RFID xut hin t hn 50 nm trc. Gn y RFID ni ln ti Vit Nam nh c s h tr hu hiu t cng ngh s v bn dn, trong c nhng con chip nhn dng rt nh c gn vo tem thuc, ng vt, sn phm. H thng RFID cho php d liu c truyn qua th n mt hoc nhiu b c th v b c x l thng tin trc tip hoc truyn v my ch x l theo yu cu ca ng dng c th. M hnh hot ng nh sau: khi mt th RFID i vo vng in t trng, n s pht hin tn hiu kch hot th; B c gii m d liu c th v d liu c a vo mt my ch; Phn mm ng dng trn my ch s x l d liu.

1.2 nh hng s dng Trn thc t, RFID c ng dng rt nhiu nh: cy ln vt nui nhn dng ngun gc v theo di vt nui trnh tht lc v b nh cp; a vo sn phm cng nghip xc nh thng tin m s series, ngun gc sn phm, kim sot c sn phm nhp xut... Trong th vin, cc th RFID c gn vi cc cun sch gip gim thi gian tm kim v kim k, chng c tnh trng n trm sch. RFID cn c th ng dng lu tr thng tin bnh nhn trong y khoa (mang theo ngi bnh nhn, c bit l bnh nhn tm thn). Ngoi ra, k thut RFID cn xc nh v tr, theo di, xc thc s i li ca mi ngi, cc i tng gip nng cao an ninh bin gii v ca khu nh m hnh h thng qun l bng RFID ti sn bay c DHS (hi an ninh quc gia M) p dng t 1/2005. Ti M t thng 10/2006 v ti Anh, c, Trung Quc t 2008, h chiu v CMND gn chip RFID lu cc thng tin nh tn tui, quc tch, gii tnh, ngy thng nm sinh, ni sinh, nh s... ca ngi s dng c p dng. 1.3 xut ng dng eHealthcare Cc bnh vin thng phi chi mt khon chi ph khng nh cho vic t chc c cu v tnh ton hnh chnh. T cc dch v xut vin, nhp vin, cc th tc khc m hiu qu v mc gim st khng cao, nht l chnh xc v thi gian x l. Trong nhng nm gn y, dch v y t n lc s dng cng ngh thng tin gim thiu chi ph, nhanh chng cc th tc. gii quyt vn trn, mt yu cu t ra l cn xy dng mt h thng linh hot ng vai tr cung cp v cp nht thng tin v bnh nhn cho bc s, hoc nhn vin y t v nhng ngi qun l. Theo bo co ca The U.S. Institute of Medicine (IOM http://www.iom.edu/) nm 1999, cc sai st trong y t l nguyn nhn dn n t vong nhiu th 8 ti M v con s ny l 100.000 ngi cht mi nm do nhng sai st ny. Rt nhiu s c bt li c th xy ra trong sut qu trnh iu tr ca mt bnh nhn nh sai bnh, sai thuc, sai th tc dn n nhng hu qu v cng tai hi. V d nh ti hu ht bnh vin hin nay thng s dng cng ngh lu tr thng tin bnh nhn ng k s c cp nht bi cc y t v np li cho nhng nhn vin tip theo
2

vo cui mi ca. Mc d cc y t dnh rt nhiu thi gian cp nht giy t tnh hnh ca cc bnh nhn nhng vic thng khng chnh xc bi v n c thc hin th cng. Thi gian cng l yu cu cc k quan trng. Khi c tai bin vi bnh nhn ngoi vic c quan cu h khn cp phi nhanh chng x l s cu th sau khi a v bnh vin nu c tt c cc iu kin tin hnh cha tr cng ang l vn vi ngnh y t. Mt tnh hung c th nh bnh nhn P mc bnh X c iu tr ti bnh vin H di s gim st ca bc s D. Khi bnh nhn P dn hi phc, bnh vin H cho P xut vin v iu tr ti nh. Trong qu trnh sinh hot bn ngoi vin, bnh X t nhin xut hin tai bin. Vn y lm th no nhn vin cp cu c th a bnh nhn n ni c iu kin cha tr v bc s ti bnh vin c th bit nhiu thng tin v bnh nhn P nht c th. H thng eHealthCare s dng cng ngh RFID c th p dng gii quyt hu ht cc vn cp trn. Cng ngh tin tin ngy nay c th gn kt th RFID v d liu trong h thng tch hp n nht. RFID a ra cc bin php nhm p ng nhu cu kinh doanh, nhanh chng v chnh xc ca ngnh y t. Cng ngh RFID c th tn dng trn h tng Internet nhm phn b cc dch v nhng khu vc xa xi ho lnh. Ngnh thng mi di ng cng c s dng t ng ha vic phn phi thuc, thng bo n nhng ngi lin quan n sc khe ngy cng c ng dng rng ri nhng nc pht trin. 1.4 Mc lc Chng 2 gii thiu khi qut cc vn lin quan n RFID hin nay.Chng 3 m t kin trc ca h thng eHealthcare v cc thnh phn lin quan.Chng 4 m t chi tit cc thnh phn trong b toolkit, nhng thit b s dng v chng trnh to ra h thng eHealthCare.

CHNG 2 GII THIU RFID

2.1 Lch s v nn tng cng ngh C th cho rng, thit b u tin c bit ti l mt cng c tnh bo v c sng ch bi Lev Teremin cho chnh ph Lin x c vo nm 1945. y l mt thit b nghe trm ch khng phi l nhn nhn dng. Cng ngh RFID c bt u p dng t nhng nm u thp nin 20 ca th k trc. Mt cng ngh tng t l b tch sng IFF, c sng ch bi ngi Anh vo nm 1939 v c qun ng minh s dng trong th chin th II nhn dng my bay ta v ch. Cng trnh sm nht v vic nghin cu RFID l tp ti liu ni ting ca Harry Stockman, c mang tn "Communication by Means of Reflected Power" ("Phng tin lin lc da trn nng lng phn hi") (thng 10 nm 1948).

2.2 Cc loi th RFID

Hnh 1 Cc loi th RFID Nh cp, th RFID c th c phn thnh cc dng: th ng v ch ng. Th RFID th ng khng c ngun in trong. Dng in c thu t cc tn hiu v tuyn, n m bo nng lng truyn i mt phn hi. Tn hiu phn hi ca mt th RFID th ng (tn hiu nng lng hn ch) c dng gin lc - thng l mt m s n tr (GUID). Do khng c b ngun cung cp nn th c kch thc kh nh: l cc sn phm thng mi c th c gn di da. Vo nm 2005, th thng mi nh nht ch c kch thc 0,4x0,4mm, mng hn t giy, mt thit b c th khng nhn thy c. Cc th th ng c khong cch c thc t trong phm vi t 10mm cho n 6m. Khc vi cc th th ng, th RFID ch ng c ngun cp bn trong, v c th c tm hot ng rng hn v b nh nhiu hn, do c kh nng lu tr thng tin t cc
5

b pht p. Hin nay th ch ng nh nht c kch thc tng ng mt ng xu. Rt nhiu th ch ng c tm hot ng hng chc mt v thi gian pin ln ti 10 nm. V cc th th ng r hn i vi vic sn xut v khng c pin, nn phn ln cc th RFID l th th ng vi nhiu dng khc nhau. Nm 2004, cc th ny c gi t 40 cent. Tm thi th tng i t i vi vic ng dng i tr, tuy nhin vi s lng sn xut ln (10.000 t n v/nm), gi ca mt th c th gim xung n 5 cent. Cho n nay, y l d bo lc quan nht, cc nh phn tch ca Gartner v Forrester Research ng rng cc th c th gim gi xung n 10 cent (vi s lng sn xut 1.000 t /nm), iu ny c th t c sau 6-8 nm, cc nh phn tch khc cho rng, mc gi nh vy c th t c sau 10-15 nm (http://www.forrester.com/rb/research). Bn cnh cc li th rt ln v gi ca th th ng so vi th ch ng, cn xt cc yu t khc, bao gm tnh chnh xc v n nh khi lm vic mt s mi trng nht nh, chng hn nh nc v kim loi. Nhng yu t ny lm cho vic s dng th ch ng tr nn ph bin. C 4 loi th thng c s dng. Chng c phn loi da trn tn s sng v tuyn: th h tn (125 hoc 134,2 kHz), th cao tn (13,56 MHz), th siu cao tn (UHF 868-956 MHz), th vi sng (2,45 GHz). Th UHF khng c s dng ph bin v khng c nhng qui tc chung cho vic s dng. Ngoi ra cn c mt s thit b pht p, th chip khng tip xc vi nhng chc nng tng t. 2.3 H thng RFID Mt h thng RFID c th bao gm mt s cu phn: th, b c th, my ch, phn mm trung gian (Middleware) v phn mm ng dng (Application software). Mc ch ca mt h thng RFID l cho php d liu c truyn bi mt thit b di ng, c gi l tem. Thng tin c b c x l theo yu cu ca ng dng c th. D liu truyn qua tem c th cung cp thng tin nhn dng hoc thng tin nh v hoc nhng chi tit v sn phm c dn th nh gi, mu sc, ngy mua... Vic s dng
6

RFID trong theo di v trong ng dng truy nhp ln u tin xut hin vo nhng nm 1980. RFID nhanh chng thu ht s ch bi v kh nng theo di cc i tng chuyn ng. Khi cng ngh c hon thin, ngy cng c nhiu ng dng s dng th RFID. Trong mt h thng RFID in hnh, cc i tng ring bit c trang b mt tem nh c gi r. Tem ny cha mt b pht p vi mt chip nh to ra mt m in t n tr. B tch hp, ng-ten c kt hp vi b pht p v b gii m, pht ra tn hiu kch hot th RFID v nh c th c v ghi d liu. Khi mt th RFID i vo vng sng in t, n s pht hin tn hiu kch hot t thit b c. Thit b c gii m d liu c m ha trong chip v c a vo mt my ch x l d liu. Ly v d v 1 quyn sch trong th vin. Cc cng an ninh c th pht hin ra xem quyn sch qua cc th tc mn sch hay cha. Khi ngi s dng mang tr li, mt phn ca cng vic bo mt c khi ng li v bn ghi trong h thng th vin s t ng cp nht. Trong mt s gii php RFID, mt bin lai nhn li s c to ra, v cun sch t n c th c lu tr trong cc khay ca thit b nhn tr li. 2.4 Hin ti s dng Do gi thnh gim , tnh tin dng v cc ng dng nhiu nn RFID ngy cng tr nn ph bin. Mt s lnh vc ang s dng RFID rng ri nh: thanh ton qua di ng, qun l h thng, qun l cc h thng cung ng, dng trong th vin, nhn dng ngi 2.4.1 Thanh ton di ng Quy trnh thng thng khi mua hng bng th tn dng - a tm th nha cho mt nhn vin thanh ton hoc t c qua my, i xc nhn v thanh ton - c th s c ci tin mt cch thun li v bo mt hn. l sn phm th tn dng dng tn hiu radio, khng cn tip xc vi my thanh ton, hin ang c cc hng th tn dng ti M th nghim. Hn 1 nm qua, MasterCard v American Express th nghim cc phin bn sn phm th tn dng""khng tip xc""ca mnh. loi card ny ch cn c a li gn mt
7

thit b c c bit l c th thanh ton - v khch hng khng cn ri tay khi tm card ca mnh. Cc cng ty th tn dng cho bit h thng ny nhanh v an ton hn nhiu so vi loi card c, v ngi ch th khng phi ri tay khi th tn dng ca mnh. iu ny rt quan trng, v hin nay cc loi ti phm c th n cp m hoc copy th tn dng trong chp mt bng cch a th ca nn nhn qua mt thit b c c bit lu li cc thng tin v to ra mt bn sao khc nhanh chng. MasterCard cng th nghim h thng PayPass ca mnh ti Orlando, bang Florida (M), v ha hn s tung ra ton nc M trong nm2004. Ban u, d kin dch v ny s c s dng ti cc im thanh ton nhanh nh nh hng v cc im mua bn m khch hng thng vi. American Express cng ang th nghim dch v Express Pay ca mnh ti vng Phoenix, v chun b m rng sang cc im thu ph ph New York, trn sng Hudson. V c bn, cc h thng th mi c th c tch hp vo bt c ni no ang s dng cc h thng th truyn thng ph bin, ngay sau khi cc ca hng ci t thit b c mi. Cc cng ty th ti M a ra chun k thut chung mt my thanh ton c th chp nhn nhiu loi th khng tip xc ca cc hng khc nhau. Visa USA cng pht trin th khng tip xc, nhng cha trin khai th nghim v cc khch hng dng nh hi lng khi s dng th m h ang c trong v. Sn phm card mi ny c "nhng" mt chip nhn dng dng tn s radio, (RFID), cng ngh m tp on bn l khng l Wal-Mart, qun i v cc c quan cng quyn ca M ang hy vng a vo ng dng trong cng vic kim k hng ho chnh xc. Trong khi cc loi th tn dng c lu thng tin ti khon khch hng vo mt di t cn qut qua c, sn phm th khng tip xc mi c th lu d liu trn cc chip bn trong tm nha. Cc th ny khng dng pin hay nng lng g. Khi a li gn mt thit b c, chng c kch hot bi cc sng t in t pht ra t thit b c. Mt ng ten radio nh trong th s ngay lp tc truyn cc thng tin ti khon vo thit b c. Giao

dch thanh ton c tin hnh qua mng th tn dng ngay khi tm th c a ngang qua thit b c. V l thuyt, giao dch ny vn c th b can thip v n cp thng tin m ngi s dng khng h hay bit bi mt k trm cng ngh cao vi mc ch sao chp th. l v bn thn cc qu trnh truyn tn hiu RFID khng c m ho. Tuy nhin, k trm phi tip cn rt gn n mc tiu cn ly cp thng tin, hoc s dng mt thit b c tn hiu th siu nhy t khong cch xa. ng thi, s ti khon trn cc loi th khng tip xc ch c th s dng trong h thng RFID, khng ging nh s th tn dng ca ngi dng, c th dng mi ni. Mt k trm do s khng th s dng s ti khon ny tiu xi vo vic mua sm qua Internet. 2.4.2 Qun l giao thng Mt s chnh ph s dng cc ng dng RFID qun l cc phng tin giao thng, nhiu cng ty cng s dng nhiu gii php RFID khc nhau theo di sn phm ca mnh. 2.4.2.1 H thng dn ng t ng Yu t con ngi l mt trong nhng vn ln nht khi a mt chic xe vo u trong mt bi u xe, c th l mt bi u a tng hoc mt bi u ngoi tri. Nhiu cng ty ang c gng cung cp cc h thng hng dn tinh vi, khng ch ch dn cho ngi li xe ni u xe m cn c th kim sot, theo di c phng tin khi n ang trong bi u. T gia nm 2007, d n nghin cu sng kin P (P-Innovations), do Trung tm Nghin cu k thut VTT ca Phn Lan bt u mt n th im nghin cu h thng nhn dng xe t ng v hng dn u xe ng ti mt bi u xe. D n c bt u ti mt bi u xe Tampere s dng k thut nh danh s dng sng v tuyn RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification) v nhn dng bin s quang hc. S kt hp ca hai cng ngh ny cho php tnh ton c th s lng xe v hng dn u xe trong mt bi u. y l d n thc hin ln u tin ti chu u s dng h

sng di th ng tm xa RFID pht hin t xa cc phng tin c ng dng ti mt bi u xe. D n thc hin n cui nm 2007, c hp tc gia VTT v Tekes (Qu Cng ngh v Sng to Phn Lan) vi mc tin 60.000 . Cc cng ty khc c ng gp ti chnh v cng ngh lin quan bao gm Tampereen Pyskintitalo Oy, Idesco Oy, Audio Riders Oy, Vidamin Oy, LED-Signs Oy Phn Lan v Oy Ramboll Phn Lan. D n c mc ch kim tra h thng pht hin UHF (siu cao tn) RFID v nhn dng bin s bng quang hc hot ng nh th no pht hin xe t ng vi b 50 mu khc nhau. D n cng kim tra vic s dng tn hiu khc nhau bao gm bin bo, n chiu sng v tn hiu m thanh hng dn v thng bo tnh trng bi u xe (hng dn xe vo ch u xe trng). Mt trong nhng mc tiu th nghim khc l to mt c hi cho su cng ty tham gia vo nhm tm kim cc sn phm v cng ngh m c th c s dng trong ng dng ny v cng cng tc v to ra nhng tng cho s pht trin trong tng lai ca h thng qun l bi u xe. D n thc hin ti mt bi u xe c th th nghim gim st phng tin v ng i trong bi u. H thng RFID th ng v nhn dng bin s xe cho php pht hin phng tin v gim st, ch o trc tip vic u xe t cc tn hiu ca trung tm iu hnh chnh. H thng ny cng c s dng loa thng minh cho khu vc thanh ton t ng, h thng t a ra cc hng dn bng nhiu ngn ng khc nhau khi c mt ngi ng pha trc chng. Ngoi ra, bi u xe, ca Tampere Parking Houses Ltd, cng c mt knh radio cc b FM nhm cung cp cc thng bo lin quan n bi u xe trong ta nh, n cng c th c s dng nh mt phng tin qung co. Cng ngh RFID cng c th c tin thm mt bc xa hn xc nh vic vo ra ta nh ca phng tin qua cc cng, tnh thi gian sau c th c s dng lm c s cho vic thanh ton t ng cho thi gian u xe thay v phi i thng qua cc my thanh ton. pht hin phng tin t ng v gim st, ngi ta s dng cc my c RFID mu IR-9000 c sn xut bi Idesco Ltd. H thng ALPR (automated license plate
10

recognition) c cung cp bi Vidamin Ltd c da trn mt th vin ALPR ca Visy Ltd. Cc my nh c s dng trong h thng ALPR c ch to bi Bosch. i vi phn hng dn ng ca h thng: cc bin bo c cung cp bi LEDSigns Ltd Phn Lan. H thng loa thng minh c xy dng bi Audio Riders Ltd v ph hp vo nhu cu ca d n cng nh phn phi cc thit b m thanh s dng trong h thng pht thanh. H thng pht thanh s dng my pht thng mi AudiaX. Cc phn mm qun l ton b h thng u c thc hin bi VTT.Tami Koivuniemi, ngi qun l pht trin cho Tampere Parking House Car Parks, nhn xt: "D n ny cung cp mt lin minh vi kinh nghim c gi tr v ng dng v chc nng ca AVI, AVM v khi nim hng dn ng, c h thng ring r v tch hp. Nhng ngi s dng th im phn hi tch cc v phn ln rt khen ngi. c bit ngi s dng th im d dng mua v thng truy cp vo bi u xe.. 100% s ngi s dng th im c mong mun tip tc s dng h thng ny. D n nh thc s quan tm c Phn Lan v quc t . C quan thc hin d n t ho l n v u tin pht trin dch v u xe cao cp.. Cc b phn ca h thng ny chc chn s c a vo s dng ti bi xe Tampere Parking House trong tng lai gn. 2.4.2.2 Thanh ton cc khon ph giao thng V d nh ti Hng Kng, ni c mt mng li giao thng tinh vi v pht trin cao, bao gm c mng li giao thng cng cng ln t nhn. H thng thng thanh ton bng th thng minh Octopus card c th c s dng tr cc ph i li cho hu nh tt c cc tuyn ng st, xe but v ph Hng Kng. Th Octopus s dng cng ngh RFID cho php ngi s dng c th qut th m khng cn ly n ra khi v hoc ti xch. Tt c nhng bi u xe c ng h m gi Hng Kng ch chp nhn thanh ton bng th Octopus v vic thanh ton bng th Octupus c th thc hin nhiu bi xe. a hnh Hng Kng ch yu l i v dc v mt s phng php giao thng khng thng thng c sng ch d dng di chuyn ln xung trn cc sn dc. Trung Ty khu, c mt h thng thang cun ln v cc va h di ng, bao gm h thng thang cun c mi che ngoi tri di nht th gii, l Thang cun Mid-levels. Ngoi ra, Hng Kng cn c nhiu phng thc vn ti ng st cng cng. Hai h thng tu in ngm cho thnh ph l MTR (Mass Transit Railway) v KCR c chc nng kt ni gia Hng Kng v
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Trung Hoa i lc. H thng xe in hot ng cc khu vc pha Bc Hng Kng v l h thng xe in duy nht trn th gii ch chy loi xe but hai tng. 2.4.3 Qun l kho v qun l chui cung ng Trong h thng ny, cc chip RFID gn trn tng sn phm, bao b, thng hng, pallet, container, xe ti qun l t ng qua sng radio.. Ngoi li ch v kh nng lu tr thng tin ca n hon ton bo mt hn m vch rt nhiu, v kh nng chu ng thi tit, mi trng xung quanh cng khng khip hn m vch...th h thng ny c kh nng kim k kho hng ha nhanh n chng mt, kim k hng ngn sn phm tng giy, m hay hn l n t ng cp nht phn loi vo c s d liu my tnh qua sng radio..do d kho ln c no th ch cn thi gian ngn l c th kim k phn loi, v lp k hoch kinh doanh cho kho bi, hng ha..tt nhin l vic hng ra vo cng t ng ha lun, c cht sn phm ln y xe v chy ra cng l ta bit c trn xe ch bao nhiu sn phm, loi no, s lng v t ng cn tr vi s lng trong kho (khi phi giy t rm r, v tnh cht con ngi) v tt nhin nu ai c mun ly ln, hay v tnh nhm ln cng k c, v d c nut vo bng, n cng s bo ng inh i (m ch cn xt 1 kho cty thy hi sn th t l mt mt hn 10 t/ nm) v nhiu li ch khc, nh l phn quyn qun l cho cc sp, d sp M cng c th bit c hng ha trong kho bi ca mnh hin ti th no, hay hn na l n c th tp trung d liu t cc chi nhnh v mt trung tm duy nht qua web do gii php qun l cng ngh RFID l mt cuc cch mng trong qun l. RFID hot ng trn nn tng sng v tuyn kt hp vi my tnh qun l bao gm th, u c th v my tnh ch. Th RFID gn vo sn phm c tch hp chip bn dn v ng-ten thu sng. u c th nhn tn hiu t th RFID t xa, c th ln n 50 m ty vo ngun nng lng c cung cp cho th RFID, chuyn d liu n my tnh phn tch v x l cc thng tin sn phm. u im d nhn thy nht ca h thng RFID so vi h thng m vch l kh nng c d liu t xa, b nh cha nhiu thng tin hn, thng tin sn phm c th sa i v cp nht mt cch nhanh chng, c lu li m bo tnh chnh xc. Nh dung lng b nh cao, th RFID cung cp y thng tin v sn phm nh
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chng loi, tn sn phm, ngy nhp kho, gi, v tr trong kho, thi hn s dng, hoc nhng thng tin cn thit khc m nh qun tr c th lp trnh. Vi nhng thng tin sn phm c m ha v chuyn v my ch x l, nh qun tr c th d dng lp k hoch tip theo cho sn phm trong dy chuyn cung ng ca mnh. ng Randy Sng, Gim c Kinh doanh khu vc ASEAN ca IBM, nh gi RFID l cng c c lc ca cc nh qun tr trong vic to nn chui cung ng thng minh. Tuy nhin khai thc hiu qu h thng RFID, cn u t cng ngh ng b, ph hp quy m v tim lc ca doanh nghip, thit k quy trnh hot ng chnh xc. Quan trng nht l s tun th quy trnh ca ton b b my cng ty. Theo ng William Leo, Gim c qun l chui cung ng ca Infor ti chu , ng dng cng ngh vo qun l kho bi gip gim lng hng tn kho xung cn 5-20%, gip doanh nghip nng cao nng sut lao ng 15-40%. Chi ph chui cung ng chim 30-60% gi bn ca cc sn phm hng tiu dng. Do vy, vic s dng h thng qun l chui cung ng hiu qu s gp phn lm gim chi ph hot ng ca cc doanh nghip. 2.4.4 Th vin RFID l mt cng ngh tin tin kim sot ti liu, n c nhiu u im vt tri so vi cng ngh m vch. Khc vi cng ngh m vch l cng ngh nh danh trc din (line-of-sight technology), ngha l nhn dng i tng, my c cn phi tip xc trc tip i tng khong cch gn. i vi cng ngh RFID, c th xc nh i tng khong cch xa t vi mt ti hng trm mt trong mi trng khng gian 3 chiu (3D). RFID c ng dng ln u tin trong lnh vc qun s. Trong th chin th II, qun i cc nc M, Nga, c, ng dng cng ngh RFID xc nh my bay trn khng phn mnh l ca ch hay ca k th v vy n cn c tn l IFF (Identify friend or foe). Tuy nhin, mi n nhng nm 80 n mi c bt u ng dng trong lnh vc thng mi v t nm 1990 n nay, RFID c ng dng rng ri trong nhiu lnh vc ca i sng nh kim sot ng vt, giao thng (th tr tin tu xe, hoc gn vo lp xe nh gi iu kin ng x,), qun l vic truy cp h thng v bo mt, qun l nhn vin

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Ngy nay, th vin trn th gii ang i din vi nhng kh khn chung nh s ct gim ngn sch, tinh gim bin ch nhn s, s gia tng khng ngng mt ti cc im lu thng v vn ti liu th vin. Cc nhn vin lm vic ti quy lu thng ngoi vic m bo hiu qu s dng ngun ti nguyn th vin, cng vic hng ngy ca h cn l tip xc bn c v cung cp dch v khch hng cht lng cao tha mn mi nhu cu ca khch thm quan cng nh bn c ca th vin. Cng ngh RFID v ang p ng nhng kh khn (cng c th c xem nh nhng thch thc k trn). Vi tnh nng 3 trong 1, lu thng - an ninh - kim k, RFID khng nhng ti u ha qu thi gian ca nhn vin th vin m c bit l em li s thun tin v m bo tnh ring t ca bn c khi h s dng quy mn tr t ng. im son ca RFID chnh l tnh nng kim k khi nhn vin ch cn i dc theo hng dy k m khng cn phi nhc xung (ri) t ln bt k quyn sch no v tnh nng lu thng nhiu ti liu cng mt lc (v d: mt chng sch gm 10 quyn, vi a CD-ROM v bng video hoc ct xt ch cn mt ln qut duy nht ti quy lu thng). ng dng RFID trong th vin v ang em n nhng li trc mt v lu di cho quy trnh qun l th vin, truy tm du vt ca cc ti liu xp sai v tr, t ng mn tr, gia tng an ninh th vin. 2.4.5 Nhn dng ngi S thnh cng ca nhn dng cc loi ng vt khc nhau t nm 1990 thc y nghin cu nh dng tn s v tuyn vo nhng la chn khc nhau. Mt s nh cung cp dch v t chng vo qun o. 2.4.5.1 H chiu H chiu nh dng tn s u tin (h chiu in t) c pht hnh ti Malaysia vo nm 1998. Ngoi nhng thng tin trn gi d liu hnh nh ca h chiu, h chiu in t ca Malaysia cn ghi li qu trnh du lch (thi gian, ngy thng v a im) ca ln xut ngoi v v nc ca bn. Nhng nc khc m cng p dng nhn din tn s trn h chiu gm Na Uy (2005), Nht Bn (1/3/2006), hu ht cc nc lin minh Chu u ( trong vng nm
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2006) gm Ty Ban Nha. Ai len v Vng Quc Anh, c, Hng Kng v Hoa K (2007), Serbia (7/2008), Cng Ha Dn Ch Nhn Dn Triu Tin (8/2008), i Loan (12/2008), Anbani ( 1/2009), Philippin (8/2009). Tiu chun cho h chiu c nhn dng tn s v tuyn c quyt nh bi T chc hng khng dn dng quc t (ICAO) v c ghi trong vn bn s 9303, phn 1, chng 1 v 2 ( ti bn ln 6 nm 2006) ca t chc ny. T chc hng khng dn dng quc t coi chip nhn dng tn s v tuyn s 14443 theo tiu chun ISO/IEC h chiu in t l mch tch hp tip xc. Cc tiu chun ICAO cho php cc h chiu in t c nhn dng bng logo ngoi mt trc ca h chiu. Nm 2006, cc th nhn dng tn s v tuyn bao gm c cc h chiu mi ca Hoa K. Hoa K pht hnh 10 triu h chiu vo nm 2005, v n nm 2006 con s ny c tnh ln 13 triu ci. Cc con chip c sn xut bi Smartrac s lu nhng thng tin ging nh nhng thng tin c in trn h chiu v c nh k thut s ca ngi s hu th. Lc u B Ngoi Giao M cho rng h c th c thng tin trn con chip t khong cch xa 10cm (4 in), nhng sau nhng li ph bnh rng ri v mt cuc biu din cng khai th thit b c bit ny c th c thng tin t h chiu t khong cch xa 10m (33 ft), h chiu c thit k gn vi mt lp kim loi mng lm cho cc my c thng tin tri php kh khn hn khi mun qut thng tin t h chiu khi n ng li. Chuyn gia bo mt gi rng nhng hnh vi xm nhp gn sn bay c th nhm mc tiu vo nhng nn nhn n t cc nc giu c, hoc mt k khng b c th thit k mt thit b dn n t ch m thit b ny s tip cn nhng hnh khch n t mt nc c th no nu h khng t h chiu ca h gn c th mnh ( nng mui v cht lng cao) hoc t trong mt ci v lt l kim loi. Mt s nc thuc Lin Minh Chu u ang d nh s thm d liu v du vn tay v sinh trc a vo h chiu, trong khi mt vi nc khc thc hin ri. 2.4.5.2 Trng hc v cc trng i hc Cc nh chc trch trng hc ti thnh ph Osaka, Nht Bn ang t chip in t qun o ca hc sinh, ba l v th hc sinh mt trng tiu hc. Mt trng hc Doncaster, Anh, ang th im mt h thng gim st c thit k theo di hc sinh
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bng cc tn s radio trn ng phc ca hc sinh. Trng cao ng thnh Charles th su pha ty London nc Anh thnh lp thng 9 nm 2008, cng ang s dng h thng th nhn dng tn s v tuyn kim tra ca vo v ca ra cng chnh, va im danh hc sinh v ngn chn hnh vi t nhp bt hp php. Hoc nh l trng Whiteliffe Mount Cleckheanton nc Anh cng s dng h thng nhn dng tn s v tuyn kim tra s ra vo ca hc sinh v cn b cng nhn vin bng tm th c thit k c bit. Philippin, mt s trng hc s dng h thng nhn dng ny gn trn th sinh vin hc sinh mn sch v cc cng trng nhng trng c bit c cc mt qut th nhn dng tn s v tuyn hc sinh c th mua hng cc ca hiu v cng tin, th vin v c th ng nhp v ng xut s tham gia ca hc sinh v gip vin. Cc trng l Trng Claret thnh ph Quezon, Colegio de San Juan de Letran, Cao ng San Beda, v mt s trng t thc khc. 2.4.5.3 Bo Tng Cng ngh nhn dng tn s v tuyn v tuyn hin cng c thc hin ng dng ngi s dng cui cng cc bo tng. V d nh l ng dng nghin cu ty chnh tm thi, eXspot, bo tng khoa hc Exploratorium ti San Francisco, California. Mt khch tham quan khi vo bo tng c nhn mt th RF c chc nng nh 1 tm th nhn dng. H thng eXspot cho php du khch nhn thng tin v nhng hin vt trng by c th no . Bn cnh nhng thng tin v hin vt, du khch cn c th t chp nh ti bo tng. Tm th cng cho php du khch ly d liu phn tch sau. Nhng thng tin m du khch ly c cng c th ly t trang web c c nhn ha c m s t tm th nhn dng . 2.5 Tim nng s dng 2.5.1 Thay th m vch Th RFID thng c s dng thay th cho m vch UPC (Universal Product code) hoc EAN (European Article Number) bi v n c mt s li th quan trng so vi cc cng ngh m vch c ny. Chng c th khng bao gi thay th hon ton m vch, mt phn do chi ph cao hn v cc d liu ca m vch tn ti t trc.

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 lu tr d liu lin quan v theo di chng i hi mt dung lng lu tr khng l. Lc v phn loi cc thng tin RFID yu cu cc thng tin to ra phi hu dng.C kh nng l hng ha s c theo di bi cc th RFID. Mi th RFID c y nhim l mt n v xc nh duy nht. Dung lng d liu m th RFID c kh nng lu ln cho php mi m ring l n cha s l mt m duy nht, trong khi m vch hin ti c gii hn cho mt m s duy nht cho mt loi sn phm c th. S c o ca th RFID ch mt sn phm c th c theo di khi n di chuyn t v tr n v tr khc, cho n khi n tay ngi tiu dng. iu ny t ra rt hu ch trong vic chng tht thot sn phm. Kh nng tm theo du vt cc sn phm l mt tnh nng quan trng cng c h tr bi cng ngh RFID khi mi i tng mang mt th RFID c nh danh duy nht. iu ny khng nhng gip cc cng ty kim sot c vic thu hi sn phm km hiu qu v lp c h s khch hng. 2.5.2 Xc nh cc bnh nhn v nhn vin bnh vin Nhng nm gn y, phng php qun l ngi bnh ti cc bnh vin gn vi s sch v th nh s gy nn nhng nhm ln trong cng tc iu tr. Nhng s c nh tr nhm con cho mt sn ph ti Bnh vin (BV) a khoa Lm ng nm 2005 (sau phi xt nghim AND); gy m nhm ti BV Ch Ry; m thot v bn phi cho mt ngi bnh ch cn phu thut ly inh vt i ti BV a khoa Qung Ngi nm 2007 gy nn nhng phin toi cho bnh nhn v bnh vin. khc phc s c kiu ny, rt nhiu bnh vin thc hin vi tnh ha h s khm cha bnh, mt s bnh vin nh BV H Y Dc TPHCM ng dng m vch trong cng tc qun l bnh nhn, nhm tng hiu qu khm cha bnh v hn ch ti a sai st ng tic. Khi , ngi bnh nhp vin s c cp mt th khm bnh c m vch tng ng vi cc thng tin v bnh nhn trn my tnh. Tuy nhin thit b c m vch ch hot ng khi r khong cch gn, khng c vt cn. Hn na, th gn m vch d b bin dng khi chu tc ng c hc, ch mt vt xc cng c th lm thay i hon ton thng tin. Vic ng dng cng ngh RFID trong qun l bnh nhn, nhm thay th m vch trong vic xc nh ng i ca thuc, nhn dng bnh nhn, nng cao hiu qu, tnh an ton cho cng tc iu tr.
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Vic trin khai h thng RFID ti cc BV chi ph u t khng cao. u c th RFID v b cm ng c gi t 1.000-3.500 USD/ci; gi mi th vo khong 17-50 USD (thi gian s dng khong 6 nm). Nh vy, mt BV nh, din tch s dng khong 3.000m, tiu chun tip nhn 1.000 bnh nhn, ch phi u t khong 5 u c (3.000 USD/ci) v 1.000 th RFID (30 USD/ci), tng kinh ph cha ti 800 triu ng. Vi cc BV tuyn u, din tch s dng 10.000-30.000m, kh nng tip nhn trn 5.000 bnh nhn, chi ph u t cng ch vo khong 3-5 t ng. Vi kch thc nh gn (nh nht bng ht go), c th gn th RFID ln qun o, thit k thnh trang sc (nhn, vng eo tay) cho bnh nhn s dng trong sut qu trnh iu tr. Song song , cc u c c lp t li ra vo BV, cc phng bnh (bn knh hot ng khong 30m) s pht i tn hiu sng v tuyn qua ng ten v nhn tn hiu phn hi t th RFID cha m nhn dng i tng (gn trn bnh nhn). u c s gii m, chuyn ti my tnh y cc thng tin nh: v tr, h tn bnh nhn, tn bnh, bc s ph trch, n thuc, nhm mu, tin s bnh, d ng thuc gip cho cng tc khm v iu tr bnh nhanh chng, chnh xc, an ton. 2.6 Thch thc RFID c tim nng ng dng to ln. Nhiu chuyn gia lc quan d on RFID s rt ph bin trn th gii trong mt thp k na. Tuy vy, c trin khai trn din rng, RFID phi vt qua khng t tr ngi. 2.6.1 Cc chun RFID cha thng nht Hin nay cng ngh th RFID c xu hng ng dng chun Electronic Product Code Generation 2 (EPC Generation 2). Chun ny c thit k nng cao kh nng tng thch RFID t cc nh cung cp khc nhau, ng thi gii quyt mt s cn tr v k thut khc. Giao thc EPC Generation 2 c cha cng ngh c cp bng sng ch ca hng thit b RFID Intermec Technologies (M). Tuy nhin hng ny gi bn quyn sn phm v yu cu tr ph nu s dng cng ngh ca h trong cc h thng th. Gn y Intermec Technologies m n kin hng Matrics, mt i th v thit b RFID, ra to v vi phm mt vi bn quyn ca mnh. Cc hng ng h cho ng dng RFID lo
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ngi ng thi ny ca nhng nh nm gi sng ch c th lm cho chi ph ca th RFID v cc thit b lin quan tng cao, lm cn tr qu trnh pht trin cng nh ng dng RFID. Trc hin trng , ng Engels, gim c nghin cu ca Auto-ID Lab (thuc Vin Cng Ngh Massachuset - MIT ), mt trung tm nghin cu RFID vn dn dt qu trnh pht trin ban u ca cng ngh ny, c cp ti mt chun min ph bn quyn. Vin trao cng vic ch o cc chun ny cho EPC Global - c quan nm gi chun m vch hin nay. (EPC Global l t chc phi li nhun xy dng chun cho cc th RFID th, do hai t chc chun m vch quc t l European Article Numbering (EAN) v US-based Uniform Code Council (UCC) thnh lp). Theo hng ThingMagic Cambridge, bang Massachuset th gii php cho vn khng tng thch gia cc chun l thit k cc thit b c/ghi c th hot ng vi mi loi th RFID. Tuy nhin nu c nhiu loi th RFID cng nh nhiu chun khc nhau ra i th tt yu khch hng phi nng cp phn mm thit b c ca h mi khi mt loi th mi c a ra, nh vy gy kh khn v tn km trong trin khai. 2.7 Ring t Ngi ta c th bit bn mc ni y g! Mc d RFID l tin ng mng cho cc cng ty bn l, nhng cng em li nguy c xm phm s ring t ca cng dn. Cc thng tin bn trong th ca sn phm c th c c khong cch xa. V th, khi th RFID c gn vi sn phm khch hng cm tay, cc mi quan tm sau c th s xy ra: 1) Thuc tnh thng tin ca cc sn phm m khch hng s hu c th v tnh b c bi ngi l trong trng hp khng mong mun. 2) Cc thng tin v c nhn c lu trong th RFID c th b pht hin ngoi mun. Theo Katherine Albrecht, pht ngn vin ca Hi ngi tiu dng chng xm phm quyn c nhn ti M, vic s dng RFID c th s a thng tin c nhn ca ngi tiu dng ln c s d liu trn mng, vn thng xuyn l mc tiu tn cng ca tin tc hoc c Nh Nc s dng vo chng trnh theo di chng khng b hin vn gy nhiu tranh ci. Albrecht ni: Bt c ai c th truy cp vo mt h thng qun l RFID u c th bit trong ti khch i mua hng c g, hoc thm ch h ang mc... ni y loi g.
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2.8 Bo mt Th RFID gi r, a phn c kch thc ln gi c khim tn hn nhiu so vi th nickel, hon ton c th b gii hacker cng nh dn trm cp snh CNTT li dng! Khng ch e da ring t c nhn ca ngi tiu dng, cc l hng cng ngh ca RFID cn c th tip tay cho nhng k bt lng nh la ngi bn bng cch thay i m hng, gi sn phm... Tin tc c th s dng thit b c nhn nh PDA hay Pocket PC c trang b u c RFID qut th gn trn sn phm v ghi li mt gi mi c li cho anh ta. Hacker c th thay th thng tin trn bng d liu cng loi ri ghi li vo th trn sn phm m khng h b pht hin. Cc quy thanh ton t ng khng th pht hin c nhng thay i trn ca hacker. minh chng cho kh nng ny, ti i hi hacker Black Hat din ra ti Las Vegas nm 2004, Grunwald gii thiu mt phn mm min ph c tn RFDump, kt qu ca vi nm nghin cu v cng ngh RFID. y chnh l chng trnh i km vi u c th thc hin vic thay i gi bn ni trn.

CHNG 3 KIN TRC H THNG eHealthCare

3.1 M t tnh hung Nh ni chng mt, tnh hung xy ra khi bnh nhn P xut vin v tai bin xy bt ng. Nhng ngi xung quanh gi cp cu n. Nhn vin y t c c n v c trang b RFID reader. Cc thng tin cn thit t ng gi v bnh vin gn nht v tng i. Bnh vin nhn c thng tin chun b mi th cn thit trc khi bnh nhn n. Tng i gi thng bo v cho gia nh v bc s t ca bnh nhn. 3.2 Kin trc h thng eHealthcare 3.2.1 Yu cu ca h thng ng k: H thng phi m bo rng mi bnh nhn ng k chm sc phi c cp mt ID duy nht. Thu thp thng tin: H thng phi m bo mi thng tin v bnh nhn c cp nht y v hon ton mi thng tin mi v bnh nhn: cc giai on, triu chng, thuc men s dng hng ngy. Cc bc s chm sc, bc s iu tr chnh.
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 D phng: H thng phi c tnh ton d phng cho trng hp mng li gp vn (c th do bnh nhn xy ra tai bin nm ngoi phm vi kim sot ca h thng). 3.2.2 Kin trc a tng ca h thng E-healthcare

Kin trc h thng ny bao gm: tng vt l, tng trung gian, tng x l, tng truy cp d liu, tng ng dng v tng giao din ngi dng. Tng vt l: Bao gm cc th RFID cp cho ngi bnh khi h ng k khm, RFID reader, antena, cc thit u cui, h tng vin thng(s dng ca cc cng ty vin thng).

Hnh 2: nh dng th RFID

Cu trc th RFID: o ID bnh nhn: lu thng tin v ID bnh nhn nh x n h s y ca bnh nhn trong c s d liu ca bnh vin ni bnh nhn ng k khm bnh. H s ny bao gm: tn, tui, gii tnh, ngy sinh, a ch, m bnh, nhm mu. o M t lnh 1: khi gp on m t lnh ny, tng x l bn trn s t ng gi cc thng tin trong phn prototype v bnh vin m khng cn bt k s can thip no t bn ngoi. o Cc tham bin 1: bao gm ID bnh n ca bnh nhn, ID ca bc s t. o M t lnh 2: khi gp on m t lnh ny, tng x l bn trn s t ng gi cc thng tin trong phn prototype 2 v ID ca bnh nhn v tng i. o Cc tham bin 2: bao gm s in thoi ca bc s t ca bnh nhn mang th RFID ny.
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 Tng trung gian: Tng trung gian l giao din gia u c v dch v chm sc sc khe, d liu v h thng qun l bnh nhn l mt thnh phn quan trng ca h thng trong lnh vc chm sc sc khe. Tng trung gian cho php chm sc sc khe kt ni nhanh chng vi u c, khi lng thng tin t hn m ng dng y hc cn phn loi v lc, trong gim st rfid t cc th c v cung ng giao din cc mc ng dng trong qun l cc th c v x l mt khi lng ln thng tin lin quan n ng dng y hc. C th hiu nh tng ny l driver ca cc thit b tng vt l. Tng ny ci t ti chng trnh trn xe cp cu, ni nhn vin y t c RFID reader. Tng x l Tng ny cng bao gm mt tp hp cc lnh tng ng vi mt tp m t lnh. Khi c phi m t lnh no c lp trnh trong th RFID th tng x l s thc hin lnh tng ng. Gii m cc thng tin c m ha trong th RFID . Tng ny c ci t trn xe cp cu thc hin cc m t lnh ngay khi c t th RFID m khng cn bt c can thip no t bn ngoi. Tng truy cp c s d liu: Tng truy cp d liu bao gm h thng qun l d liu lin quan v cho php cc dch v chm sc sc khe v to ra cc tnh hung RFID. Tng ny bao gm 1 lng ln d liu v cho php cc bnh vin trao i d liu vi nhau. Khi nhn c cc truy vn tng di, tng ny s kim tra quyn truy cp ca i tng truy vn v p tr li. C s d liu bao gm 3 thc th: h s, bnh nhn, bnh n, h s bc s t. Tng ny c ci t cc bnh vin. Tng ng dng: Ly cc d liu cn thit t tng truy cp c s d liu d liu a ra cc thng tin yu cu cho nhn vin y t cn thit cc thit b, thuc men, bc s sn sng i ph vi bnh nhn b tai bin sp c chuyn n. Vi nhng th khng c sn nh thit b, thuc men c th c chuyn t bnh vin khc v trc khi
22

bnh nhn chuyn ti vin. ng thi nhn vin y t cng lin lc li vi bc s t ca bnh nhn xc nh li xem bc s ny c n c khng. Tng giao din ngi dng Cung cp giao din ha cho php ngi qun tr h thng cp nht, sa i thng tin v bnh nhn. Nhn vin y t s dng cc thit b RFID thn thin.

Hnh 3: Kin trc a tng ca h thng eHealthCare

3.3 Vai tr cc thnh phn: Bnh nhn Lun mang theo 1 th RFID c th c ghi d liu. Th RFID c th c cp th khi ng k v n c s dng nhn dng cc bnh nhn trong sut qu trnh nhp vin n cng c th c lu cc thng tin quan trng nh l ID ca bnh nhn,cc m t lnh nh lnh t ng gi v bnh vin ID bnh n ca bnh nhn, m t lnh t ng gi v tng i ID ca bc s chm sc bnh nhn. Th RFID c th c c ghi xa sa ngay c trong trng hp bnh nhn ang c iu tr hoc c trong lc ng m khng lm nh hng
23

n h. Mi th c th c lp trnh t ng hoc bng tay v c m ha nhng phn thng tin quan trng nh bnh n, hay cc thng tin mang tnh ring t. Nhn vin trn xe cp cu, y t: Cc nhn vin y t ngoi vic s cu cn phi bit qua thng tin v bnh nhn cn ng vai tr quan trng trong vic kt ni gia bnh nhn v bnh vin. RFID th bnh nhn mang trn ngi cung cp ID bnh nhn. T ID nhn vin c th bit nhng thng tin v bnh nhn c ly trong c s d liu ca cc bnh vin.Nhn vin y t trang b RFID reader v thit b hin th, xe cp cu lun c kt ni vi bnh vin, tng i (qua v tinh, GPRS, radio...). Cc bnh vin: C s d liu ti 1 bnh vin c th kt ni vi nhiu c s d liu ca cc bnh vin khc. C s d liu bao gm thng tin chi tit v tng bnh nhn: bnh tt, tnh trng, bc s chm sc, thuc men, thm ch l cc thit b cn thit cho bnh nhn .Cc d liu ny lun c m bo cp nht sau mi ln khm ca bnh nhn. Bnh vin lun kt ni vi tng i, cc bnh vin v xe cp cu. Tng i: C th dng chung cho nhiu bnh vin s dng h tng vin thng c sn ca cc nh mng di ng hoc Internet. Lun cp nht tin tc t cc bnh vin v c th thng bo khn cp n ngi dng bng hnh thc gi in, tin nhn sms hoc email khi c s kin xy ra

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Hnh 4: Kin trc h thng eHealthCare

3.4 Quan h gia cc thnh phn Bnh nhn Nhn vin: Khi c tai bin xy ra vi bnh nhn, nhn vin chm sc sc khe ni gn nht c thng bo. Nhn vin y t c trang b RFID reader c cc thng tin t RFID th. RFID reader kt ni vi cc thit b trn xe cu thng nh my tnh, h thng lin lc x l cc d liu trn th RFID v gi v bnh vin m xe thuc quyn, tng i. H thng ch cho php nhn vin bit c cc thng tin c bn v bnh
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nhn nh s cmtnd, tn, tui...Cc thng tin v bnh n c gi m ha v t ng gi v bnh vin. Cc thng tin lin lc vi bc s ring v ngi thn c gi t ng v tng i v cng c bo mt. Xe cu thng Bnh vin, tng i Bnh vin nhn c thng bo v vic c s kin xy ra vi bnh nhn, c xe cu thng n v nhn cc thng tin m ha t xe cu thng gi v. Cc thng tin gi v c x l tm kim trong c s d liu chung tm y thng tin v bnh nhn chun b cho cc tnh hung c th xy ra tip sau (thuc iu tr cho bnh nhn ny c th khng c sn, nu c phu thut nhng iu kin thit b thiu cn phi chuyn t ni khc v .....). Cc thng tin v ID bnh n v ID bc s t khi gp m t lnh trn th RFID th mt lnh t ng c kch hot gi v bnh vin cc thng tin ny. Khi c thng tin t th RFID v gp m t lnh tng ng, chng trnh ti xe cu thng t ng kch hot lnh gi s in thoi bc s t v tng i. Cc bnh vin D liu v bnh nhn ca bnh vin c xy dng bng cch o Chn thm h s bnh n mi khi c bnh nhn mi n ng k khm. o Cp nht khi bnh nhn n khm li. Cp nht cc thng tin v ngy gi ung thuc, tnh trng, cc phu thut (nu c). o Cc bnh vin lin kt vi nhau qua Internet

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Hnh 5: C s d liu ti bnh vin

Tng i Cc bnh vin c kt ni vi tng i thng qua Internet. Khi c tai bin xy ra vi bnh nhn, chng trnh ti xe cp cu gi s in thoi v ID ca bnh nhn v tng i. Tng i khi s gi ngay cho s in thoi ca bc s thng bo c s c xy ra vi bnh nhn mang ID ny. Tng i s gi ID ny truy vn n c s d liu ca cc bnh vin bit h s y ca bnh nhn. Bn cnh tng i cng lu ID, s in thoi ny li cp nht cc thng tin chnh xc v tnh trng, v tr
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ang cp cu bnh nhn. Khi nhn y cc thng tin ny tng i gi mt thng bo na n bc s t ca bnh nhn bo cho bc s t a im chnh ca bnh nhn. Tng i bc s t v ngi nh bnh nhn: Khi bc s t nhn c thng bo t tng i c tai bin xy ra vi bnh nhn c ID mnh c thng bo. C 2 cch bit chi tit v bnh nhn ny: vo h thng c s d liu ca bnh vin hoc gi li yu cu v tng i. Trong trng hp bc s ny khng c iu kin truy cp vo h thng ca bnh vin, bc s c th gi li yu cu thng tin chi tit ca bnh nhn v li tng i, tng i s gi ngay thng tin bnh nhn khi c hi p t h thng bnh vin ch khng phi ch cho n khi y thng tin v tnh trng v a im, lc ny ng thi tng i cng gi mt thng bo n ngi nh bnh nhn. Khi y thng tin v tnh trng v a im ca bnh nhn, tng i tip tc gi mt thng bo khc n c bc s t v ngi nh ca bnh nhn. Nhng thng tin v tnh trng v a im ca bnh nhn sau ln u tin tr i ch c cp nht khi c yu cu t bc s t hoc ngi nh bnh nhn.

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CHNG 4 CI T H THNG 4.1 B toolkit B Series 2000 Low Frequency Micro RFID Evaluation Kit bao gm nhng thnh phn sau: 32mm Glass Transponder SAMPT (RI-TRP-IR2B) 32mm Glass Transponder R/W (RI-TRP-WR2B) 23mm Glass Transponder R/W (RI-TRP-WRHP) 12mm Wedge Transponder R/O (RI-TRP-R9WK) 85mm Disk Transponder R/W (RI-TRP-W9UR) 30mm Disk Transponder R/O (RI-TRP-R9QL) Mount-on-Metal Transponder R/W (RI-TRP-W9VS) 120mm Cylindrical Transponder MPT (RI-TRP-D9TD) Card Transponder R/O (RI-TRP-R4FF) Keyring Th R/O (RI-TRP-RFOB) Stick Antenna (RI-ANT-S01C) S2000 Reader (RI-STU-MB2A) Serial Data Cable Gender Changer Documentation / Demo Software CD Reader Accessory Kit (RI-ACC-CK01)

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4.1.1 Cc transponder

Part Number

Frequency

Rea Progra d mmabl Onl e (bits) y (bits ) 1360

Dimension(m m)

Anti colli sion

Operating Tempe-rature Range (°C)

Descrip-tion

RI-TRPIR2B

134.2 kHz

3.85 32.2

x No

-25 to 85

32mm Glass Transponder SAMPT 32mm Glass Transponder R/W 23mm Glass Transponder R/W 12mm Wedge Transponder R/O

RI-TRPWR2B

134.2 kHz

80

3.85 31.2

x No

-25 to 70

RI-TRPWRHP

134.2 kHz

64

RI-TRPR9WK

134.2 kHz

RI-TRPW9UR

134.2 kHz

80

85.5x5

No

-25 to 70

85mm Disk Transponder R/W

30

RI-TRPR9QL

134.2 kHz

64

29.4 8.4

x No

-25 to 85

30mm Disk Transponder R/O Mount-onMetal Transponder R/W 120mm Cylindrical Transponder MPT

RI-TRPW9VS

134.2 kHz

80

102 36 16.5

x No x

-20 to 85

RI-TRPD9TD

134.2 kHz

RI-TRPR4FF

134.2 kHz

64

85 x 54 No x 1.5

-25 to 50

Card Transponder R/O

4.1.2 Antenna RI-ANT-S01C M t ngten c chc nng kt ni Radio Frequency Modules v b c ghi n transponder tn s thp 134.2 kHz. c kt hp vi b c ghi trao i nng lng v tn hiu v nhn phn hi t th. ngten ny rt thch hp vi mt lot cc ng dng nh iu khin truy cp, nhn dng phng tin, theo di container, qun l ti sn v cc ng dng qun l cht thi. Thng s k thut c im Thng s

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Nhit hot ng Nhit bo qun t cm Khi lng Kch thc rung

30 C to +70 C 40 C to +85 C 27 H @ 134.2 kHz 134g 21 2 140 2 Mil-Std -- 810 E, Test 514.4 3.5mm ng knh trong

Kt ni 6.5mm ng knh ngoi

Hnh 6: Vng phm vi c ca antena

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4.1.3 Reader (RI-STU-MB2A) M t: Reader cung cp tt c RF v hm iu khin giao tip vi cc transponder HDX/FSK 134.2kHz. N gi 1 tn hiu iu khin v d liu n transponder ng thi cng gii m v kim tra tn hiu nhn v t transponder thng qua cng serial RS232.

Thng s k thut: c im Nhit hot ng Nhit bo qun m Tn s Ngun Thng s 0 to +70C -40 to +85C 97% 134.2 kHz 7 to 14 Vdc 64 kByte EPROM for Firmware B nh 1kBit EEPROM for Configuration 32 kByte RAM for Data D liu lu tr Cng giao tip Communications Parameters 909 ID Codes (64bit) Serial(RS232) 600 - 57600 baud, 7/8 data bits,
33

even/odd parity Giao thc lin kt Kiu kt ni Kiu transponder Kch thc Khi lng ASCII with Xon/Xoff handshake, TIRIS Bus Protocol Chun Phoenix 134.2 kHz HDX/FSK (92 mm x 82 mm x 59 mm) 1 mm 258 grams

4.2 Trin khai 4.2.1 Toolkit Cc thit b s dng trong h thng Transponder RI-TRP-IR2B S2000 reader RI-STU-MB2A Antena RI-ANT-S01C Chi tit thm v Transponder RI-TRP-IR2B M t Transponder RI-TRP-IR2B cung cp hiu sut lm vic cao v hot ng tn s 134.2 kHz.Sn phm ny sn xut theo chun ton cu ISO/IEC 11784/11785. Cung cp kh nng c v ghi. Transponder ny rt ph hp vi cc ng dng v qun l hng trong kho, iu khin truy cp, xc nh phng tin.
34

Thng s k thut c im B nh(Bits) Memory(Pages) Tn s hot ng Modulation Thng s 1360 17(R/W)(1) 134.2 FSK(Frequency Shift 134.2kHz/123.2kHz HDX (Half Duplex) Th ng 100cm 30% vng c 86ms 341ms 100,000 Thy tinh Kn c c tn hiu xuyn qua vt liu phi kim
35

Keying)

Transmision Priceple Pin Vng c ph bin Vng ghi ph bin Thi gian c ph bin Thi gian ghi ph bin Lt ghi ph bin Vt liu v Lp bo v Tn hiu vo

C ch shock

IEC 68-2-27, Test Ea; 300 g, half sine, 3 ms, 2 axes IEC 68-2-6, Test Fc; 3 g, 5 50 Hz, 2 axes, 24 hours per axis 20 g, 10 2000 Hz, 2 axes, 2.5 hours per axis

rung

Kch thc Khi lng Nhit hot ng(Read) Nhit hot ng(Programmed) Nhit bo qun

3.85 0.05 x32.2 0.6 mm 0.85g 25 to +85 25 to +85 40 to +100 (+125 C trong 1000 gi)

4.2.2 Chng trnh lin quan Tt c cc chng trnh trong kha lun lp trnh bng ngn ng C# .Net 3.5. Cc chng trnh thc thi bng Synchronous Socket ca C# giao tip qua Internet. S dng lp SerialPort giao tip vi Reader v in thoi. H qun tr c s d liu MSSQL. Khi p dng qui m rng hn, h thng qun l cc chng trnh theo cc user phn quyn thnh y t, bc s, ngi qun tr. Trong phm vi kha lun,
36

cc chng trnh kt ni vi nhau trc tip qua a ch IP ca cc my tnh chy chng trnh . i km b toolkit l chng trnh Reader Utility, cung cp giao din s dng gia my tnh v reader

Hnh 7 Reader Utility c v ghi ln RFID th ty theo cc chng trnh trong kha lun, yu cn cn phi lm li module giao tip vi Reader. Reader giao tip vi my tnh qua cng Serial (RS485), cc thng s: Baud Rate: 9600 Data Bits: 8 Parity: pNone Stop Bits: 1 DTR: true RTS: true

37

T giao din c sn v s dng chng trnh Comport Toolkit 3.9 ta bit c cc qui c trao i gia my tnh v reader. Mt s lnh c bn qui c gia Reader v my tnh khi s dng Comport Toolkit thu c: Ch K0: s dng cho cc transponder thng (64bits d liu) Ch K1: s dng cho cc MPT transponder (Mutlipage Transponder) Ch c n (K0 mode): My tnh gi k t X qua cng giao tip n Reader. Nu reader tr v mt s nh danh hp l th theo sau l k t X, k t kiu ca transponder, du cch, 4 k t m ca ng dng, du cch v 16 s nh danh. Nu h thng khng c c s inh danh, k t X (XI nu nh danh khng hp l). Ch ghi (K0 mode): my tnh c th lp trnh vo transponder u tin my tnh phi gi k t P n Reader v khi k t P tr v, my tnh gi tip 16 k t hexa, 16 k t ny l d liu cn thit ghi vo transponder. Khi chu k ghi hon thnh, transponder s gi dy s c lp trnh v li Reader so snh. Sau khi so snh Reader gi 1 k t trng thi (0,1,2) gi li my tnh: o 0: transponder c lp trnh thnh cng. o 1: transponder c lp trnh khc vi dy s my tnh gi ra Reader. o 2: Reader khng nhn c dy s phn hi t transponder so snh. thc hin ch c, ghi transponder nhiu trang Reader phi chuyn sang ch K1( MPT mode: Multipage Transponder) bng cch gi k K1 ra Reader. Khi ang ch K1, nu gi k t M km theo k t X h thng s chuyn sang ch Multiplexer (s khng cp kha lun ny).

38

 Ch c n (K1 mode) PC gi ra reader km sau k t X l chui s gm 2 ch s (t 1 -> 11 trong m hexa). Trong 2 s i km l v tr trang thng tin s c c. lp trnh mt MPT transponder sau km theo k t P, my tnh gi 2 ch s hexa (1->11) v chui 16 k t hexa. Sau khi nhn k t cui cng t my tnh 1 BlockCheckCharater c tnh ton v gi ton b ra transponder. Ti chu k cui ca qu trnh ghi, cng tng t nh qu trnh ghi trong ch K0, reader nhn li cc k t nh danh v trang a ch t transponder so snh vi nhng g nhn c t PC. Ty theo kt qu so snh, my tnh gi v s antena, trng thi ghi, kiu transponder, du cch, v tr trang, du cch, m ng dng, du cch, s nh danh. V d My tnh Reader P (k t qui nh) Reader My tnh P (k t qui nh) My tnh Reader 05 (v tr trang cn ghi hexa) 432FFA6B22228FFA Reader my tnh 10M 05 1074 4497462691794938<CR><LF> Ghi thng tin thnh cng ti trang 05-hexa (chui thng tin cn ghi ti trang 05 hexa)

39

4.2.2.1 Xe cu thng y cng vi chng trnh ti bnh vin l chng trnh chnh giao tip vi thit b RFID trong kha lun. S dng qui c c nhiu trang ti ch K1 phn trn c cc thng tin v bnh nhn. Chuyn d liu v bnh vin thng qua Internet. Gi tn hiu ra Reader v nhn d liu c Reader c t th RFID. D liu nhn v theo qui c nh ni chng 3 (hnh 3.1). My tnh kt ni vi reader qua cng serial. Khi nhn c d liu l mt mng byte[], chuyn thnh d liu thp phn v so snh vi cc m t lnh ri thc hin cc m t lnh Cc m t lnh bao gm: Gi mt lung d liu sau n n bnh vin Gi mt lung d liu sau n n tng i Giao din chng trnh khi kt ni thnh cng

Hnh 8 Thng tin bnh nhn 4.2.2.2 Bnh vin Trong kha lun ny chng trnh m t chng trnh ti bnh vin trong h thng s s dng h qun tr c s d liu Microsoft SQL server. Vic lin kt cc h qun tr ny trong h thng eHealthcare s khng cp su.
40

Trong bng bnh n, do chng trnh ch c tnh m phng nn cc ni dung trong phn chuyn mn khng cp y nh mt bnh n chun thng thng trong bnh vin. Phn hnh chnh trong bnh n c kha ngoi tham chiu n bng thng tin bnh nhn. Bng bnh nhn ny cho php nhn vin y t xem.

Hnh 9 Chng trnh ti bnh vin To c s d liu trong MS sql

41

create table Disease( Id varchar(16) not null primary key, Patient_id varchar(16) foreign key references patient(id), Disease_name varchar(50), Blood varchar(2), Home_phone varchar(16) ) create table Patient ( Id varchar(16) not null primary key, name varchar(50), Age int, Address varchar(50), Job varchar(50) ) create table Doctor ( Id varchar(16) primary key, name varchar(50), Address varchar(50), Phone varchar(16) ) Khi bnh nhn n ng k khm, ngi qun tr nhp cc thng tin y vo c s d liu. Cc thng tin nh ID bnh nhn, cc m t lnh, ID bnh n, ID bc s t t dng thp phn chuyn thnh byte[] qua cng serial ra reader ri t reader ghi vo th RFID.

42

4.2.2.3 Tng i Chng trnh ny nhn c thng tin t xe cu thng v ca bnh vin v qua Internet v m phng tng i gi n ngi nh bnh nhn v bc s t. Chng trnh s dng AT command gi sms t my tnh qua in thoi. Yu cu chng trnh: My tnh kt ni vi in thoi qua Bluetooth (cng serial) v tn cng ng vi tn cng ca chng trnh (phi thit lp cng khi khi ng chng trnh). in thoi kt ni c kh nng gi sms trong tnh trng bnh thng. Chng trnh tng i c kt ni ng thi vi chng trnh bnh vin v chng trnh xe cu thng Khi nhn c string t bn ngoi (chng trnh bnh vin hoc chng trnh trn xe cu thng) bao gm ni dung cn thng bo v s in thoi ngi nhn(bc s t hoc ngi thn), chng trnh ny lc phn ni dung v s in thoi (16 k t u l s in thoi) ri gi thng bo n s in thoi tng ng.

43

CHNG 5 KT LUN
5.1 Tng kt Cng ngh RFID ang ngy cng c ng dng trong nhiu lnh vc trn th gii. Hiu qu ca n mang li nh s tin dng, linh hot, hiu qu, chnh xc, nhanh chng l khng th ph nhn. y l mt cng ngh mi tin tin hn so vi cng ngh m vch ang c s dng hin nay. B Tool Series 2000 Low Frequency Micro RFID Evaluation Kit ca Texas Instruments cung cp y cc phn cng cn thit m phng mt h thng RFID trn thc t nh cc loi th RFID, thit b c, antena. T giao din ca chng trnh h tr i km b toolkit v s dng cng c Comport Toolkit , ngn ng C#, lp trnh li chng trnh c kh nng c t th RFID hin th trn my tnh v ngc li, ghi d liu t my tnh ra th RFID. Vic kt hp b toolkit v nhng chng trnh c chc nng c trao i d liu vi th RFID, kha lun xy dng m phng mt h thng eHealthCare n gin. 5.2 Phng hng pht trin T h thng eHealthcare n gin trong kha lun ch cp n cc trng hp xy ra s c vi bnh nhn, ta c th pht trin thnh mt h thng chm sc sc khe y chuyn nghip. Nh vic theo di lng thuc iu tr ca bnh nhn khi bnh nhn cn trong vin hoc qu trnh chm sc, n ung tnh trng ti nh ring bc s, bnh vin c th nm r nht tnh trng ca bnh nhn Theo d bo ca cc nh cung cp sn phm RFID trn th gii, gi cc sn phm ny ang c xu hng gim nhanh trong vi nm ti, c th xung di 20 cent/th khng nng (khong di 3000 VN), cc in thoi cng c kh nng tch hp c chc nng c RFID. Do vy, y s l mt c hi tt khng ch cho cc bnh vin cao cp c ngun ti chnh ln m c th p dng ti cc trm y t nh ti cc a phng.

44

Danh mc ti liu tham kho [1] Angela M.Wicks, John K.Visich and Suhong Li. Radio Frequency Identification Applications in Hospital Environments. 2006 [2] Belal-Chowdhury, Raiijv Khosla. RFID-based Hospital Real-time Patient Management System. [3] Chuan-Jun Su, Tsung-Ching Chou. Improving Patient Safety and Control in Operating Room by Leveraging RFID Technology. March 2008. [4] Fan Wu, Frank Kuo, Lie-Wei Liu. The Application of RFID on Drug Safety of Inpatient Nursing Healthcare. August 2005. [5] MASCAL: RFID Tracking of Patients, Staff and Equipment to Enhance Hospital Response to Mass Casualty Events. [6] Richard A.Perrin, Ned Simpson. RFID and Barcode Critical Importance in Enhancing Safe Patient Care [7] Hng dn Series 2000 Low Frequency Micro RFID Evaluation Kit http://www.ti.com/rfid/shtml/doc-center.shtml. Ti v thng 2/2010

45