Volume I Handling of PowerFactory DIgSILENT PowerFactory Version 13.2O DIQSHLENT PowerFoctory Proorem Overview Chapter 1 Program Overview ‘The calculation program PowerFactory, as written by DIgSILENT, 's a computer aided engineering tool for the analysis of industrial, utility, and commercial electrical power sys- tems, It has been designed as an advanced integrated and interactive software package dedicated to electrical power system and control analysis in order to achieve the main ob- jectives of planning and operation optimization. ‘The name DIgSILENT stands for “Digital Simulation and Electrical NeTwork calcula tion program". DIgSILENT Version 7 was the world's first power system analysis soft wate with an integrated graphical one-line interface. That interactive one-line diagram included drawing functions, editing capabilities and all relevant static and dynamic calcu- lation features. ‘The PowerFactory package was designed and developed by qualified engineers and programmers with many years of experience In both electrical power system analysis and programming fields. The accuracy and validity of the results obtained with this package has been confirmed in a large number of implementations, by organizations involved in planning and operation of power systems (please see the reference fist). In order to meet today's power system analysis requirements, the DIgSILENT power system calculation package was designed as an integrated engineering tool which pro- vides a complete 'walk-around! technique through all available functions, rather than a collection of different software modules, The following key-features are provided within one single executable program: 1 PowerFactory core functions: definition, modification and organization of cases; core numerical routines; output and documentation functions 2. Integrated interactive single line graphic and data case handling 3 Power system element and base case database 4 Integrated calculation functions (2.9, line and machine parameter calculation based ‘on geometrical or nameplate information) 5 Power system network configuration with interactive or on-line access to the SCADA system 6 Generic interface for computer-based mapping systems By using just a single database, containing all the required data for all equipment within a power System (e.g. line data, generator data, protection data, harmonic data, controller data), PowerFactory can easily execute any or all avallable functions, all within the same program environment. Some of these functions are load-flow, short-circuit calcula- tion, harmonic analysis, protection coordination, stability calculation and modal analysis.DgSILENT PowerFsctony Program Overview 1.1. Database Management and Backups ‘The PowerFactory database has been proven to be very stable. Nevertheless, as is true for all electronic databases, it can be corrupted by external or internal causes, External causes are such as power fallures resulting in a sudden system shutdown, hard disk crash- es, computer viruses or inadvertent deletion of files. To prevent any loss of data, please follow these instructions: Backup the database directory of all DIgSILENT PowerFactory installations on a regular basis. A daily automatic backup is recommended. This directory is named "DB" and can normally (i.e. for a standard installation) be found under CADIQSILENT POOKY YY where XXK Is the version number (e.g. 13.2) and YYY is the bulld number (e.g. 332) i.e. pf132b332 Save all projects on a regular basis by right-clicking the project folder in the database tree and selecting the Exzort Data option. This will prompt you for a filename. Note By exporting a project, only the information in that project and ail its subfolders will be stored. If the exported objects use information (e.g. power system types like line or transformer types) that is saved somewhere else, then this information will not be stored. Please ensure that the power system types and all other referenced information is exported as well. We recommended limiting the use of “non-project objects" to one or two non-project libraries; these should also be exported on a regular basis. Exported projects may be imported into a database tree by pressing the icon on the Data Manager's toolbar. You will be prompted for the exported filename (*.dz). Please make sure that you make backup copies of all the exported data, as well as of the PowerFactary database on a regular basis. * However, should you find yourself in the unhappy position of having a corrupted database and no backup files please contact us for assistance; all may not be lost! 1.2 Designed for Beginners and Experts DIgSILENT PowerFactory has originally been designed as a complete package for the high-end user. Consequently, there are no special lightweight’ versions, no cut-outs of a ‘heavy’ version. This does not, however, mean that non high end users will find them- selves at sea when using PowerFactory. The program Is also friendly to the basic user. Users who are learning about power systems are able to easily and quickly perform load flows and short-circuit calculations, without needing to immediately master the mathe- matical intricacies of the calculations. PowerFactory allows the user to learn primarily about power systems and not PC quirks- all that is required is a reasonable working knowledge of Windows applications such as Word and Excel. ‘The program is shipped with all of the engines and algorithms that are required for high end use, The functionality that has been bought by a user is configured in a matrix, where the licensed calculation functions, together with the maximum number of busses, are list- ed as coordinates. In addition, there are options available which will allow the configura~ tion and fine-tuning of the software according to the user's needs, for some of the functions. In this manner, not every PowerFactory license contains all functionality described in this manual, but orly those actually required, thereby reducing the complexity of the out- 1-2DIQSILENT Ponerfactory Progrant Overcw set, As requirements dictate further functionality can be added to the license. The user thus does not have to learn a whole new interface for new functions, but merely uses new commands within the same environment. In addition, the original network data is used and only extra data, as may be required by the new calculation function, needs to be add- ed. 1.3. Conventions Used in this Manual 1.3.1 Terms and Abbreviations Mouse and keyboard handling actions are abbreviated, and a 'shorthand' is also used to describe actions that the user should take. To assist the user these shorthand descriptions are specifically formatted to stand out, as follows: key As In "Press the left mouse key’ A key is either one of the mouse keys or a key on the keyboard, Mouse keys are sometimes called 'buttons', as in ‘the mouse button.’ Button As in “Press the OK button". The word “button” is used for screen areas which perform some action when clicked using the mouse. In other words, a ‘virtual’ button. Icons Icons are usually described by the popup name that you read when you hover the cursor over it. For example, press " to open the user settings dialogue. Icons are also shown as seen on screen, as in the press |" to open the user settings dialogue. Right/Left clicking As in "Right click the browser", Means pointing the cursor at the object described (the browser) and pressing the right/left mouse key. Double Clicking ‘as in "Double click the button’. Means painting the cursor at the object described and pressing the left mouse key twice within about half a second (the time interval is as set in the Windows operating system). Ctr-B {key combination example) means that the user should press the combination of keys described. For example, "Press Ctrl-B to toggle between balanced/unbalanced case," means that the user should press and hold down the first keyboard key (the Control key on the Keyboard in this example) and then press the second key (B) as well. Menu sequences When a user needs to select a command through cascaded menu options the sequence is shown by arrows that indicate what option to choose next, starting from the original menu button, For example, setting the drawing format can be done by pressing the Options button to access the options menu, then by choosing "Graphic" from the list offered, and finally "Drawing Format..." from the last list; this series of actions is all simply described by Options —> Graphic ~> Drawing Format...DIRSILENT Aowertoctory Program Gverdw ‘These’ quotes are used to indicate that the description is one that can be found within the program- one that is not user definable, for example, the balloon help description ‘Calculate Load Flow’ that you see when you hover your cursor over the Load Flow icon, “These” are used to indicate data that a user has entered or should enter. “These" quotes are also used to indicate a process or series of objects that have no discernible name, but which need to be described. For example, the "drawing tools panel", which is found on the right hand side of the drawing canvas. » and [1] [2] [3], ete, ‘These show a sequence of events that should be performed. Where they are numbered they will be associated with a graphic in which the numbers appear, Jeft-clicking, right-clicking, clicking, double-clicking, etc. Wherever the instruction clicking or double-clicking appears it should be taken to mezn clicking and double-clicking using the left mouse button, When the right mouse button is to be used it will be explicitly stated.DSSSILENT Aowerfactony “The Work Envronment In PowerFactry Chapter 2 The Work Environment in PowerFactory DIQSILENT PowerFactoryis a single-program package. This means that all function alty that is used to * enter new (parts of) a power system design, either in a text-based or in a graphical way, us and print single-line graphics edit the power system components manage the database select design options perform calculations report and print the results oreny other function related to these tasks, is available directly in the main program win- The significance of this is that the users need only familiarize themselves with one user interface as all activities are controlled and accessed via the main program window. More importantly, all data Is kept in a central place, and the user need not transfer, or copy, paste and modify the data from one part of the program to another in order to per= form a new type of calculation, The PowerFactoryuser interface is fully compatible with Windows operating systems. For those users who are not experienced in using these op- erating systems, some simple instructions have been added to the tutorial, These are rec- ognized by being prefaced by a different icon. For example, to practice a Windows feature: Do this @ Then do that Users familiar to the Windows operating systems may want to skip these parts of the tu- torial. 21 Philosophy of Use In order to better understand how to use a program it is useful to first get an idea of what the designers had in mind when they designed the user interface. In the next few para- graphs we will attempt to explain what this philosophy is, PowerFactorys intended to be initially used and operated in a graphical environment. That is, data entry is accomplished by drawing the network under study and then by ed- iting the objects on the drawing canvas to assign data to them.DIQSILENT Aawerfactory “The Work Environment In PowerFoctary As users progress and become more adept with the program, data will be manipulated by using a data viewer called the Data Manager. Figure 2.1 shows how PowerFactory looks like when a project is active. It shows the Graphic window (up) and the Output window (below). 7 & ab oe e 8 OG APoe DUgSi/inta ~ Scare testan-taphyon ANGOER A. Ddagedinge ~ Load elev steracioar 2 DUysE/into = Load flex stecasian: 2 Fig. 2.1: Main PowerFactory windows The two means of accessing the data are thus via the graphics page/s and via the Data Manager, Data is accessed from the graphics page by double-clicking on an object. An input dia~ logue pops up and the user may then edit the data for that object. In the case of figure 2.2, a line object was double clicked on a single line graphic and then the displayed edit dialog was opened.DIgSILENT PonerRoctay “Tha Work Environment In PowerRactory ears ehrstssion } Hanes | Polcion | Opinaaion | stiréuimx | ett | osctea | SoxeDao | iowdAaw | VoEneCStacceet | FuSherSieut | As Shencieut f RADSiadan | tare! Sx ve thal Lapty 2asimsy revit Sh) santa asc Tenisives haf oisaytoatow 1 Fonds hut Pantie 2 Pox Seq Reson, TT 0BS546 Ohm Aeegiit ne fae No < en Sen Revelneess — OOSRNIE Bh Dewtrafods © ‘Ze Se, Reitenes FO 025788 ss ‘ero, Resees 39 029573850Em bin fered =] Sapte unOrtco 16200134 Tnesalte Cate EoehFodo.itspiode 4 Een, annese dea Unetedabrnn i © Lunped Poses © BateteePaanatc Routers recent Fig. 2.2: Input dialogue for editing an element All of the data that Is entered for such objects is specifically structured in folders to allow the user to navigate through it. To view this data, a "Data Manager" is used. Figure 2.3 shows the Data Manager Window. The data manager is similar in appearance and working to a Windows Explorer. ‘As mentioned, data pertaining to a study is organized into several folders, Before exam- ining this structure we should understand the philosophy behind this arrangement. eee Qala so Ql He ow Gui aa Bic al fc inar ara asa aNA pagers ARR LO. O Fig. 2.3: PowerFactory Data Manager window 2-3DIgSILENT Powertactony “The Work Environment In PonerFoctory 2.2 Data Arrangement/Structure Firstly, it is clear that, for the study of any system, there are two di tion that can be defined: * Data that pertains directly to the system under study, that is, electrical data. * Study management data, for example, which graphics should be displayed, what ‘options have been chosen for a load flow, which ‘areas’ of the network should be considered for calculation, etc. ‘The electrical data itself can also be further divided into logical sets. When we construct a power system we make use of standardized materials or components - a rall of cable for example. In simple terms we can describe the cable electrically by its impedance per km length whilst itis still on the cable drum; in other words, generic information about this cable, is called "Type data. When we cut a length of the cable for installation the type data is retained in a modified way, as follows: 600m of cable that has a Type impedance of 'Y’ Ohms/ km will now have an impedance of 0.6%Y' Ohms. We can thus see that the length of the cable, 0.6 km, can be seen as a separate set of information. This set of information will contain all of that information particular to the specific installation or application of the piece of cable we are considering, Information such as the derating factor of the installed cable, its local name, the nodes that it is con- nected to at either end; in other words, all information that is non-generic, will fall into this Information set. In PowerFactory we call this "Element Data", This means that there are now three distinct sets that we need to arrange the data into, In ‘Explorer’ terms this means three folders, which, In PowerFactory, we call: "Grid" folder: Holds all the element data. + "Library" folder: Holds all the type data + “Study Case" folder: Holds all the study management data. We should also house these three folders within a higher folder, in order to arrange the data for different networks that we may study. This higher folder is called "Project" fold- en inct sets of informa- eae | EEG Sted Coce | O00 Library | BAB Changed Stings Fig. 2.4: Structure of a PowerFactory project in the Data Manager Figure 2.4 shows a snapshot from the data manager. he folders listed contain the follow- ing type of data: User Folder In this case named Raji. This folder is a system folder (the user account) that is created when the user starts Poi Project In this case named Simple Power System. This folder is the frame for all project subfolders, OoJ O DIQSHLENT AomerFoctoy “The Work Enviconmest in PowerFactory Grid Holds all the element data. The element data objects are kept in the ‘Grid’ folder and may be viewed using the data manager, as well as by double clicking them from the graphic. The Grid folder also contains the graphical object data, which means one or more network diagrams, the user should refrain from editing this as these are automatically created and require some experience to manipulate. Study Case Contains the study Management Data - the ‘tools' and ‘tool settings’ ‘that are used to perform the calculations and the visualization of the results. This will be dealt with in more detail at a later stage. Initially the user does not need to concern himself over the study case as it is created and assigned automatically. Library Holds all the type data. ‘Two different elements, e.g. lines, can obviously refer to the same type data. 2.3 DIgSILENT PowerFactory Windows ‘The so-called ‘windows’ are the users interface to the program and the means to enter or manipulate data and/or graphics. DIgSILENT PowerFactory uses several kinds of win- dows some of which have been shown previously. To follow the explanation, please see figure 2.5: + The main PowerFactory window is described in the title bar- "DIgSILENT PowerFactory 13.2" [1]. ‘The main menu bar contains the drop down menu selections [2]. A tool bar Is associated to the main window, by default on the right side, It is not yet shown in figure 2.5, as it becomes visible only when a project is active [3]. ‘The title bar of this sub-window describes it as a "Data Manager" and lists the path of the object that has been selected in the data manager; here the project entitled ‘simple Power System,' which is located in the (user) folder ‘Raji’, has been selected [4]. When an object is right clicked a menu (context menu) appears [5]. At the bottom of the PowerFactory window, an output window [6] is shown, which has its... + ..own tool bar [7].DIQSHLENT PonerFectony “The Work Environment Ia PowerFactory katt Saar Fig. 2.5: PowerFactory initial appearance The data manager sub-window (this window is created by pressing the "#4 tcon, which fs the first icon on the left of the main toolbar) is always floating and more than one can be active at the same time. The database manager itself has several appearances: it may only show the database tree for selecting a database folder, or it may be the full version with the database tree, the data browser, and all editing capabilities. ‘One of the major tasks for the data manager is to provide access to the power system ‘components. The power system components shown in the data manager can be 'gang- edited’ (or ’group-edited’) within the data manager itself, where the data is presented in a tabular format, for all the selected objects. Alternatively each object may also be indi- vidvally edited by double clicking on an object (or right click -> "Edit"), ‘The output window, at the bottom of the screen, is always there; it canriot be closed al- though it can be minimized. The output window can be "docked", that is: fixed to a location on the bottom of the main window. The docked state is the default, as shown in the figure 2.5. When clicking the right mouse button, when the cursor is in the output window area, the context sensitive menu of the output window appears. The output window can then be undocked by deselecting the "Docking View" (by clicking the mouse onto "Docking View" to ‘untick’ it, The undocked output window Is stil confined to the main window, but now 2-6 -O DIgSILENT Povrerfoctoy “The Work Environment In PowerFactory as a free floating window, This sometimes occurs ‘accidentally’ when the user left dicks the tool bar for the output window and drags the mouse (keeping the mouse button down) to somewhere outside of the output window boundaries. To rectify this simply left click in the title bar of the undocked window and drag it down to the bottom of the screen where it will dock once more (if you have right clicked 'unticked' "Docking View" to right lick and select "Docking View" once more. “The undacked state is not a normal situation for the output window. Because the output messages that appear in this window are important at any stage while using the program, the docked state is the best place because It will be visible then and easy to locate. ‘The edge of the output window shows a splitter bar [a] which is used to change the size of the output window. The ‘drag’ cursor, as shown at [a], appears automatically when the cursor is placed on the splitter bar, The left mouse button can be prassed when the ‘drag! cursor is visible. This will turn the splitter bar to grey and the output window can now be resized by holding down the mouse button and moving the mouse up or down. The icon "Maximize Output Window" (==) on the main toolbar will enlarge the output. window to almost full-screen. Left click the button again to switch back to the small output window. 2.3.1 Sizing Windows and Sub-Windows ‘On the right of the title bar of any window or sub-window there are three buttons that are used to "Minimize", "Maximize"/"Restore Down" or "Close" the window. ‘The EE) button minimizes the window to a small object, somewhere on the screen {usually in the lower left corner- this is the default position) in the case of a sub- window, or to the task bar for your computer- at the bottom of the screen. button 'opens' the minimized window to full screen size, button reduces the window to a smaller size on the screen; initially there is a default size for this window but the user may re-size It as desired, & The Kell button will close the sub-window or end the program if this button is clicked on the main window, Sub-windows can be re-sized as follows: place the cursor over the lower right corner of the window and left click and hold the button down- now drag the window to the size you require, You will find that each corner can be sized like this, as well as each edge. Fig. 2.6: Re-sizing sub-windowsDISSWLENT PomerFectory “The Work Environment In PowerFactry 2.3.2 Menu Bar ‘The menu bar contains the main PowerFactory menus. Each menu entry has a drop down jist of menu options and each menu option performs a specific action. To open a drop down list either click on the menu entry with the left mouse button, or press the Alt key together with the underlined letter in the menu. For instance, to open the He/omenu, press the Alt and the h key together, Menu options that occur in grey are not available ~ these become available as the user activates projects or calculation modes, as required. Fig. 2.7: The help menu on the Menubar & Press Alt-H to open the help menu. Use your keyboard to select the Getting Started ‘Tutorial. Press return to open the Tutorial. The on-line Getting Started Tutorial is exactly the same as the printed version. Close the Getting Started Tutorial help (Use the [fj on the main bar). You will return to the main PowerFactory program window, & Left click the Help menu. Left click the option Users Manual. This opens the on-line User's Manual. . 2.3.3 Main Toolbar The main toolbar (see figure 2.8) shows the main PowerFactory command buttons/ icons. Buttons that appear in grey only become active when appropriate, All command icons are equipped with balloon help text which pop up when the cursor Is held still at the icon for a moment, and no key is pressed, & Find the icon for User Settings by using the balloon help. Do not use the mouse keys: just point at the icons, hold still, and a balloon text will pop up. Scan alll icons until you find the right one. Using a command icon couldn't be easier: just click on it with the left mouse icon. Those Icons that perform a task will automatically jump back when that task is finished, Some command icons however will switch between two modes, for instance the one which will reserve more place for the output window on the workspace (Si }). This icon will stay down to show the activated mode. Click the command icon again to switch back to the normal view. 2-8DIGSILENT PomerFoctory “Tee Work Envronmentin PowerFactory When PowerFactory has just been started, the toolbar shows only the general com- mand Icons. The ‘toolbar select’ icon ('$:) can be clicked to select additional command icons. 2.4 Getting Help The PowerFactory software comes with a number of help facilities: 1 The commercial version comes with a hard copy of the Users Manual and the Getting Started Tutorial. 2 Allversions have on-line versions of the Users Manual and the Getting Started Tutorial, which can be opened from the Help option on the main menu (see figure 2.7). 3. All versions have a context sensitive help which will directly jump to the right page of the on-line Users Manual when the Fi key is pressed. 4 Allversions have balloon help installed which will give the names of command icons, Or input parameters, if the cursor Is positioned over these items and held stil for about half a second. The graphical elements for which balloon help is provided are: 1 Buttons/icons (available for all command icons). 2 Class-icons (see left icon column in figure 2.9). 3 Parameter fields (available for all parameters fields in the table from figure 2.9). 8 8 | OH ao Hy de tO] A Time Type Tit cf Senco TF [Patt a aa [Station 2_[Stalion? ae a @ Siaiond | a . [ASMIG JASM RORY 2MVA | T= T11173.38 TA251173.35% |i Sie shia ra@2os9At 10 [Fi i Teneo inl Fig. 2.9: Data Manager view on graphical elements with balloon help available ‘The Users Manual and Getting Started Tutorial are quite similar in print and in the on-line version. Command buttons/icons are sometimes referenced by their name, instead of by their image. For large buttons, this is normally the case. The name of a button is either the name on the button itself (OK, Cancel), or the name that appears in the balloon help User Settings).DIQSILENT owerracton” “The Work Envreament n PowerFactory 2.5 Toolbar Defi ‘The main PowerFactory toolbar provides the user with quick access to the main com- mands available in the program. This section provides a brief explanation of the purpose of the icons found on this toolbar. More detailed explanations for each of the functions that the icons command are provided in the other sections of the manual, The main tool- bar is depicted In two parts in figure 2.10 and figure 2.11. itions Fig. 2.10: Main Toolbar, left part xfs] Fig. 2.11: Main Toolbar, right part =, New Database Manager Opens a new database manager. When the option "Use Multiple Data Manager” (see under User Settings >General) Is enabled in the user settings menu the user will be able to open as many data manager windows as required. If "Use Multiple Data Manager" is disabled in the user settings menu, the user will be able to open only one data manager window. For more information please refer to chapter 6. Edit Relevant Objects for Calculation Provides a list of elements (colored in green) or types (colored in red) that are considered for calculation: e.g. transformer types, line elements, composite models, etc. The study case determines which objects are considered for calculation (for more on study cases see section 7.1.3). These objects are grouped by ‘Class (see the chapter: Glossary for an explanation of ‘Class! in the PowerFactory context). Jf, for instance, no relay objects are used, then the relay-button will not be shown, All objects from the selected class(es) will be shown in a browser. For more information please refer to section 12.2, Date/Time of Calculation Case Displays the date and time for the calculation case. This option is useful when parameter characteristics of specific elements (e.g. active and reactive power of loads) are set to change according to a certain time scale, Modifying the date/time in this dialogue adjusts those Parameters that have time based triggers/scales accordantly. 3 edit Trigger : Displays a list of all triggers that are in current use by the active study case, These triggers can be edited in order to change the values for which one or more characteristics are defined, These values will be modified with reference to the new trigger value. All triggers for allof QO DIQSILENT PomerRectony “The Work Envronment in PowerFactory relevant characteristics are automatically listed. If required, new triggers will be created in the study case. For more information, see 10.1 (Characteristics, Scales and Triggers). Calculate Load-Flow Activates the load-flow command dialogue. For more information about the specific settings, please refer to chapter 13 (Load-Flow Calculations). Re 2 calculate optimal Power Flow ‘Activates the optimal power flow command dialogue. Calculate Short-Circuit Activates the short-circuit calculation command dialogue, For more information, please refer to chapter 14 (Short-Circuit Calculations). A gait Short-Circuits Edits Short-Circuit events, Events are used when a calculation requires more than one action or considers more than one object for the calculation. Multiple fault analysis is an example of this. If, for instance, the user multi selects two busbars (using the cursor) and then clicks the right mouse button Ca/culate—> Multiple Faultsa Short-circuit event list will be created with these two busbars in it. Execute DPL Scripts Displays a list of DPL scripts that are available. For more information about DPL scripts, please refer to chapter 29 (The DIgSILENT Programming Language - DPL). @ output Catculation Analysis Presents calculation results in varlous formats. The output is printed to the output window and can be then used in external reports, or may be of assistance to interpret calculation results, Several different reports, depending on the actual calculation, can be created, For more information about the output of results please refer to section 27.2.7 (Output of Results). Documentation of Device Data Presents a listing of device data (a device Is the model of any physical object that has been entered into the project for study). This output may be used in reports, or may be of use in checking data that has been entered. Depending on the element chosen for report, the user has two possibilities: to generate a short listing, or a detailed report. For more information please refer to section 27.2.6 (The Output of Device Data) ©. comparing of Results On/Off Compares the differences between two or more calculation results, for example, where certain settings or designs options of a power systemDIGSILENT RomerFoctony “The Work Environment in PowerFactry have been changed from one calculation to the next. For more information please refer to 12.4 (Comparisons Between Calculations). & Edit comparing of Results Enables the user to select the cases/ calculation results that are to be compared to one another, or to set the coloring mode forthe difference reporting. For more information please refer to 12.4 (Comparisons Between Calculations), Update database Utilizes the current calculations results ([.e. the calculation ‘output’ data) to change input parameters (Le, that data that the user has entered), An example is the transformer tap positions, where these have been calculated by the load-flow command option "Automatic Tap Adjust of Tap Changers." For more information please refer to section 12.4.2 (Update Database), Break ‘Stops a transient simulation or DPL script that is running. © Reset calculation Resets any calculation performed previously, This icon is only enabled after a calculation has been carried out. {©) User Settings User options for many global features of PowerFactory may be set from the dialogue accessed by this icon. For more information please refer to chapter 4 (User Settings), Maximize Graphic Window Maximizes the graphic window. Pressing this icon again will return the graphic window to its original state, Maximize Output Window Maximizes the output window. Pressing this icon again will return the output window to Its original state. Stuch Cave =I current study case This drop down window displays the name of the study case that is currently activate. The user may also ‘toggle’ between study cases in the project by selecting them from this drop down list. Select ToolBar Drops down when pressed to present sets of icons (to the right of it) for various calculation commands; e.g. Stabllity, Reliability, Harmonics, Optimal Capacitor Placement and Data Acquisition. Changes the mouse mode to zoom; draw a zoom area by holding the left mouse button down and dragging a zoom area on the graphic.DIgSILENT PonerRoctary “The Work Environment in PowerFactory Everything in this area will be enlarged, with limits as defined by the ‘zoom area. Zoom BackSteps the enlargement setting backwards to the last zoom setting. The zoom can also be activated by holding the ALI key down and! pressing + or ~ to zoom in o out, respectively. Note The user may pan in the graphic, when it is zoomed. To activate the pen mode place the cursor In a clear space in the graphic (Le. where there are no objects), right-click—> "Change Viewpoint." Now hold the left mouse button down and drag the cursor to an edge of the graphic - the graphic will pan in that direction. To exit the pan mode right-click the mouse (this Is a valid escape com- mand for most mouse modes in PowerFactory) Zoom All Displays the graphic as a virtual full page (zoom=100%). [==] zoom-tevel Displays the current zoom setting, The desired zoom setting may be typed in directly if required; type the desired zoom level, e.g. 175% as "175' and press ENTER Print Prints the currently active graphics window. Note Uf the graphic is zoomed less than 200% it will be printed fuil size, as determined by the drawing format Set Drawing Format Defines the drawing area. This ‘virtual’ drawing size Is independent of the physical paper size selected, | Rebuild Under some circumstances the drawing may not be updated correctly. Press the rebuild icon to update the currently page from the database. 2 Insert New Graphic Creates a new graphic and displays it in the active graphic board (the graphic board folder is held in the study case folder and ‘remembers’ Which graphics have been activated for display by the user). For more information, please Refer to chapter 8 (The Graphic Windows). Insert Existing Graphic Inserts an existing graphic page (e.g. from another project) to the current graphics board.DIgSILENT PonerFectony “The Work Environment ln PowerFactory Freeze Mode Freezes the single line diagram or the block diagram, In the freeze mode the diagrams cannot be graphically altered. The underlying data objects may however stil be edited, The freeze mode may be selected when the single line or block diagram has been completed, thereby preventing accidentat changes. Graphic Options ‘Activates the graphic options dialogue (includes options such as "Snap to Grid" or the cubicle representation), Each graphic window has its own settings which can be changed using this Icon. For more information, please refer to section 8.3 (Graphic Commands, Options and Settings). |Z] show layer... Activates the layers dialogue. The single line graphic and the Block diagram graphic windows use transparent layers of drawing sheets to show the graphical symbols, Each of these layers may be set to be Visible or not, The names of devices, for example, are on a layer for called "Object Names" and may be hidden by setting the layer to ‘Invisible’, For more Information, please refer to section 8.3.4 (Graphic Layers). Undo Undees graphical changes and some data changes. Note that this command is not a ‘universal’ undo and that deletad elements are sent to the "Recycle Bin," from where they may be restored. Parameters that have been changed are not ‘undone.’ 22, Mark All Elements Marks (select) all objects in the drawing, This is helpful for moving the whole drawing to another place or copying the whole drawing into the clipboard. In block diagrams the surrounding block will not be marked. CTRLA will perform the same action. 3 edit and Browse Data Edits the device data of all selected objects in the drawing. If only one object is marked then the object edit dialogue will pop up directly. ‘When more than one object is marked, a Data Manager window will show the list of marked objects, As with a normal Data Manager, these objects can be double-clicked to open their edit dialogues, Delete Element This icon detetes all selected objects in the drawing. The objects in the database which correspond with the graphical objects will also be deleted, unless the elements are represented in more than one graphic, In this case the use will be asked whether the data elements and or other graphics should also be deleted,“The Work Envtonment in PowerFactory Cuts all selected objects from the current graphic and places them into the clipboard. Copies all marked objects from the current graphic and places them into the clipboard. Paste Pastes objects from the clipboard to the current/ active graphic. Objects are inserted to the graphic at the cursor position. Reconnect Element Pressing this button disconnects the selected elements, and presents them for reconnection, one by one, The element is entirely disconnected and may be connected elsewhere. Once the element has been disconnected the cursor ls seen to be connected to the element via a ‘rubber band.’ This action should not be confused with the "Reconnect Graphically" command, which retains the connections but allows the user to re-draw the element in a more convenient manner Select Graphic Attributes ‘Sets the current line style, line width, brush style, color and font. Note that in this instance ‘line’ refers to annotation lines and not to electrical lines. The brush style is used to fill solid symbols like squares and aircles. Color Representation Opens the colar representation dialogue. This dialogue Is used to select coloring modes which assist in assessing results, for example, coloring by over or under voltage and branch loading. For more informationless refer to section 8.3.5 (Color Representation), Title Block On/Off ‘Shows or hides the title block for the graphic. Legend Block On/Off ‘Shows or hides the legend block for the graphic (the legend block is the key to the results box configuration). Draw existing Net Elements ‘Opens a database browser listing all elements considered for study (i. as determined by the active study case) that are not shown on the current graphic. "Draw Existing Net Elements" is normally used to buitd single line graphics from imported data. For more information, refer to section 8.1.5 (Building from Predefined Objects), &: station Feeder Options Displays the "Cubicle Parameter Settings” dialogue, The settings in this 2-45DISSILENT PomerFactory “The Work Environment fn PowerFactory dialogue determine the type of cubicle that will be created automatically when a branch element is connected to a busbar system, where no free cubicle is available, and when a completely new station has been inserted.See Selecting Cubicles, for more information about the creation of busbar systems and cubicles. F007 =] pefautt voltage levels for Terminals and Busbars All nominal voltages used in the current network are listed in this drop- down box (new voltages are specified by placing a node and editing its dialogue; as soon as a new voltage is entered it is added to the drop down list). It can be used to select the nominal voltage for the next terminal or busbar that is created. This can be used in combination with a coloring mode according to voltage levels, in which case the creation of a new network is speeded up and the risk of using incorrect nominal voltages is reduced at the same time, 8c “=] Default Phase Technologies for Terminals ‘Specifies the default phase technology that will be used for the next terminal to be created. QDDIQSILENT PowerFoctry Logon, User Accounts and Prooram Settings Chapter 3 Logon, User Accounts and Program Settings PowerFactory \s supplied with a user account managing system, which provides the user with the possibilty to create and maintain a secure folder in which only he/ she may work. In the case of only a single user In a stand alone application this security is of course provided by the PC log-on security, However, in a multi-user environment, where users are accessing a central database, sep- arate accounts for all users may be created. Sophisticated user account and project man- agement tools allow the sharing of data whilst retaining data integrity of the original project file. Note You will find a detailed description of the PowerFactory installa- tion, license configuration and the creation/administration of the imultiple-user environment in the Installation Manual. 3.1 Program Configurations and Settings In general there are 3 different main questions to be answered before installing the soft- ware, The answers to these will determine how the software is to be installed: + License: Where should the license key(s) reside? * Installation: Where should PowerFactory be installed? * Database: Where should the database reside? 3.2 License Key(s) 3.2.1 License Key Installations PowerFactory may be tun in a demonstration mode as a ‘Demo! user, where certain re- strictions apply; in this case a "soft” licence key is required and will be emailed to the user ‘on request. To install this menhaden version of PowerFactory, go through the following steps: > Place the installation CD into your CD-ROM-drive > The setup will start automatically. if this does not occur then the setup may be manually started using Setup.exe, located in the CD-ROM main directory, > During the installation procedure select Demo-Version.DIQSILENT owerfectony Logon, User Accounts and Program Settings The "full" version requires a licence key and this may either be an individual, discrete key (or several individual keys, or a special network key that administers a number of licences from a central location, This network key will be placed on a networked machine that runs continuously. A detailed description of the types of possible installations of PowerFactory on single PCs and in network environments can be found in the Installation Manual on the PowerFactory-CD, 3.2.2 License Settings After completion of the installation start the program. A IntLogon dialogue will appear. The License page of this dialogue should read as shown in figure 3.1: Se Lanse, User | Netw] Database] Advanced] Aapewenee| Pave ein anes rine Deteaeont frtsenceKey——— | © extasiio (Oar) | © onooslpat © ant fe based oneacaton) Fig. 3.1; License settings for demo user ‘The Log on page of this dialogue is used to log on as a specific user Note To run the prepared examples please lag on as Demo user, This user requires no password and you have the possibilty to use the demo projects with the full functionality of PowerFactory. Three types of license settings are possibl + 'Not avallable (Demo)’: no license at all; for the ‘Demo’ account. + 'On local port’, which means that a valid PowerFactorylicense key (‘hardlock’) must be connected to the USB or parallel port. + ‘In network (file based communication)’, which means that a connection to a network computer, which has the PowerFactory network license service running must be available, “In network (protocol based communication)’, which means that a connection to a network computer, which has the PowerFactory network license service running must be available, Please find detalled description of the different installation methods in the Installation Manual on the PowerFactory -CD. OoDIQSILENT PawerFactory Logon, User Accounts and Program Settings 3.3. The Log On Page 3.3.2 Log on A special account for administration of the user accounts is provided, with a special ac- count for demonstration purposes; these accounts are named ‘Administrator’ and ‘Demo’. Since there Is a user accounting system one needs to log on when starting PowerFac- tory. The log-on dialogue presents various options that may be configured for your par- ticular system and installation. To log on a user name and password is required. If starting PowerFactory for the first time you can create a user account by typing in your name and a password of your own choice (this only holds true for a stand alone installation; a multi user installation will have accounts that have been defined by the user who has access to the Administrator ac- count). When you see the ‘Do you really want to create a new user account’ message press OK to create your own account (should you forget your password you can log on as the Ad- ministrator user - the default password is ‘Administrator’; and change the password using a data manager). 3.3.2 Advanced Settings “The advanced program settings should only be changed under the guidance of the Dig- SILENT PowerFactory support at suguort@digsilent.de. 3.3.3 Appearance Settings “The appearance settings influence the way in which the toolbar buttons are displayed and the way in which dialogues will open, close or move scroli bars and other objects. ‘These settings may be changed to suit the users personal taste. 3.4 The User Account Management System ‘The user account philosophy of PowerFactory basically works in the same way as is usu- al for larger computer systems, The first objectives of the user account managing system are: + To protect the ‘system’ parts of the database from changes by normal users. + To protect the part of the databases which belongs to user "A" from being changed by user "BY, * To allow users to share data. ‘The effect of the user account managing system is to provide each user with the thelr own “private” database, which is separate from other users. The user is nevertheless able to use shared data, either from the common system database or from other users, and may enable other users to share 'private’ data. “The user account managing system manages this whilst using only one single database 3-3DIQSILENT AowerFactory Logon, User Accounts and Program Settings in the background, which allows for simple backup and management of the overall data- se. The basic PowerFactory database structure, as depicted in the figure 3.2 consists of the following folders: The main Library folder contains all standard PowerFactory types and models. The main library folder is read only for normal users. The System folder contains all objects that are used by internally PowerFactory. The system folder is read only for all normal users. Changes are only permitted when logged on as the Administrator, and should be conducted under the guidance of DIgSILENT customer support. ‘The Administrator folder contains all objects needed for creating and managing user groups and user accounts and for changing global settings. The Demo folder contains all demo projects that can be executed by the demo-user The demo projects are shared projects and can thus be read and used by normal users. User account folders contain the project folders and all other folders in which the normal user defines his power systems and all accompanying objects and settings. Lie eed 6 Updated [INT Febeatyora —— Tealyettyeaeated —— Baga Fig. 3.2: Basic database structure 3.4.1 The Demo Account The demo accountiis for demonstration or testing purposes only, The demo account folder is filled with numerous demonstration projects. These projects are accompanied by dem- onstration command scripts which can automatically activate a demo project and perform commands such as load-fiow, short-circult or transient analysis. Execution of these com- mand scripts is started by selecting a demonstration from the main menu option File—> 3-4DIQSILENT AonerFoctoy ‘Logon, User Accounts and Program Settings Examples, This menu option has several sub-menus from which a demonstration may be selected. Selecting a demonstration will start the appropriate command script—-> Note that this menu option File—> Examplesis only available when one is logged onto the "Demo" account, ‘These projects may also be activated and observed in the manner normally employed by PowerFactory, To learn how this is achieved it is best to work through the on-line tuto- Tial that is provided. See under Hejp~> Getting Started. Note The demo user has read and write permissions for all demonstra- tion projects. However, calculations will only be permitted for the demonstration networks as long as they have not been changed in 2 topological sense. This means that adding or deleting lines, transformers, loads, machines, etc,, will lead to error messages ‘These error messages may be like: ISI err - demo version: only examples and tutorial available ISI err - maximum number of busbars exceeded Licensed users may log in as the "Demo" user, change the demonstration projects in any way, and stil be able to start a calculation (as long as their hardlock is available to PowerFactory), Note that any changes that are made to the demonstration projects will be kept (that is, the projects are not ‘reset’ on logout from the Demo account). This may result in errors when the Demo account is used without a hardlock, Licensed users may simply copy and paste projects that thay are interested in, into their own account for mod- ification. ‘As long as a user does not make any topological changes, these demonstration projects may be used to experiment with PowerFactory. Such experimentation may include: Changing and executing commands such as load-flow, short-circuit or transient analysis. Changing power system elements such as selecting other line types, changing generator settings, etc, Creating new calculation cases Changing the appearance of the single line graphics except for adding or deleting power system elements, Creating or changing virtual instruments panels such as defining graphs or changing bar diagrams. 3.4.2 The Administrator Account The administrator has full read and write permissions for all folders in the database, This Includes the system folders, the demo folder, and all user account folders. ‘The main objectives for the administrator are: * Creating and managing user accounts.DINSRENT Poverty Lope, User Acris and Program Setings * System database maintenance under the guidance of the DIgSILENT customer support. 3.4.3 Creating and Managing User Accounts In the case of an installation with a local database, the simplest way to create a new user account is to enter an unknown account name in the log on dialogue. The creation of the new account must be confirmed. The program will then create and activate the new ac- ‘count. In this case no administrator intervention is required for such local database instal- lations. For multi-user database installations, the administrator creates new user accounts with the 'User Manager' object (IntUserman), found in the Administrator account folder (use a Data Manager to see this), To add a new user * Right-click the ‘User Manager’ and select ‘Edit * Press Add User... ‘The User edit dialogue will pop up: + Enter the user account name, password and other details * The new user may also made part of any groups which is created, This allows selective sharing of projects amongst users. Ifa licensed version with a restricted number of functions is used (I.e. you may have 4 licences with basic functionality, but only 2 stability licences), the ‘License’ tab may be used to define the functionality that a user can enjoy. Remember that the "Multi User Database" option should be checked for all users that will access the multi user database, ‘The administrator is the only one whe may delete a user account. Although users can de- ete all projects in their account folder, they cannot delete the account folder itself or the standard folders that belong to it (i.e, the 'Recycle Bin’ or the ‘Settings’ folder). 3.4.4 Creating User Groups Any user created project or folder in a user account may be shared for use by others. This may be done selectively by shering only with certain groups, or by sharing for all. ‘The administrator can create new user groups with the "User Manager" object (IntUser- man): * Right-click the "User Manager" and select Fait: * Press Add Group. ... The identification number is automatically assigned and does normally need to be changed, * Enter the name of the group and, optionally, a description. This will create a new group object (IntGroup) in the administrator account folder. A group is deleted by deleting this group object. See also section 3.5 (Users and User Groups). 4O DIgSILENT PowerFoctoy Logon User Accounts end Program Settings 3.5 Users and User Groups ‘The user account folder is the basic environment for all users of PowerFactory. Each user has full read and write permission in his own account folder. Anew user must first create a project in order to be able to define power system designs and to perform calculations. A user account folder allows for an unlimited amount of projects, each of which may contain several grid definitions and calculation cases. Projects may also be grouped under folders created by the user. Please refer to chapter 7 (Project Management) for more information on projects, grids and calculation cases, 3.5.1 Using Shared Data In order to share projects (only projects may be shared and not individual grids in a project) users must have access to a central database, and must also have the multi user software installed. It is of course possible to “share” projects by creating dfiles of the project and passing these to others users, however, sharing, in the sense described here, means to share the data so that several users may make use of one original set of data, contained in a project. This allows all users to begin their own projects using the same "base" data, In this manner, should the original project be modified or updated all users who are uti- lizing the shared data will have the updates reflected to their own project, thus ensuring that their base data is always correct and up to date. Al of this is achieved by using what are known as 'Remote System Stages’ which are es- sentially variants of the original project. ‘To understand remote system stages or variants, it is important to understand normal system stages first. Please refer to section 7.2.1 (Projects and System Stages) for a de- scription of project and system stage management. For this introduction into remote variants, it Is sufficient to know that a variant Is basically a temporary image of the original grid (as the user will have seen, by reading the section 7.2.1 (Projects and System Stages), data regarding the network is contained in the grid folders, thus these are the folders that variants are created from), This image exists as long as the remote variant Is active, During this time, the remote variant keeps track of alt changes made to the original grid. The original grid itself is not changed in any way. At deactivation, the remote variant destroys the image of the original grid and keeps only the changes that have been made. At the next activation of the remote variant, a new image of the original grid is made and al! saved changes are executed once more, This returns the remote variant back to the state that it was in prior to de-activation, The ad- vantage is that any changes that have made to the original grid will now be carried over to the remote variant, so keeping it up to date. Shoutd the user who has made the variant have made changes to an element that has also been changed in the original grid the variant ‘locks' this element and will not allow changes from the original, The process of sharing data Is twofold: + ‘The user with the original or base project must set the sharing rules. * Users wishing to use this base project data add the required grids to their own projects inside their user accounts as remote system stages.DIGSILENT RowerFoctary Logon, User Acsounts and Program Settings 3.5.2 Sharing the Original or Base Project Data ‘Any project may be shared but note that only “top level" folders may be shared, Subfold- ers cannot be shared (top level folders are those that are the first level of folders that are encountered below the user folder- for a project created in the standard manner the project folder itself is the top level folder). If a user has created a top-level folder in there are three projects, A,B and C, then only the whole folder may be shared. The individual projects, A, B and C cannot be separately shared as they are no longer the top level folder. ‘Sharing a project/ folder is achieved by right-clicking it and selecting "Sharing...". The di- alogue that pops up shows the current settings. Changing the share settings (the sharing rules - that is, which groups are allowed to have access to the folder) is a matter of double-clicking the user group names to move them from the left to the right pane, or back again, in order to change the user groups that have access to the project. Sharing the project with all other user groups is possible by enabling the option Share for Everyone, Other users may now define remote variants for the shared projects once a project has been shared, Once such remote variants have been defined, it becomes potentially haz- ardous to remove or change the share settings. This is because the projects of the other users using the shared (base) project for remote variants will lose vital data when the shared data is suddenly no longer available, However, if the shared data is not used, there is no danger in changing the share settings. To check whether a grid has remote system ‘stages right-click the grid when it Is shown on the right hand side of a data manager —> Output... —> Reference List. This will provide in the output window a list of all objects that are referenced to the grid, including remote system stages, How to use shared data is best explained by an example. In the figure 3.3, a database as ‘seen by an administrator is shown. Three user accounts are visible, for "User 1", "User 2" and "User 3", User 1 and 2 have both defined a project. “TSetings *|ioun 12 =[User Maneaer Fig. 3.3: Administrator view with three users The administrator has created three user groups: * "Group 12" has User 1 and 2 as members. 3-8O DIQSILENT Ponerfectony ‘Logon, User Accounts and Program Settings * "Group 13" has User 1 and 3 as members. + "Group 23" has User 2 and 3 as members. Both user 1 and user 2 have shared their projects with a group: * User 1 has shared its "Project A" with "Group 12", * User 2 has shared its "Project B" with "Group 13". User 2 thus has shared his project with a group of which he himself is not a member. This is allowed. ‘The result of this sharing Is depicted in the figure 3.4: ‘+ The left pane shows the database as it appears to User 2. He sees his own projects, and Project A because he is a member of Group 12. + The middle pane shows the view for User 3, He cannot see Project A, because he is not a member of Group 12, but he can see the shared project B. * The right pane shows the view for User 1, He also can see the shared project B, Fig. 3.4: 3.5.3 Creating the Remote System Stages Any "base" project that can be seen by a user (in other words, a project that resides in another users folder that has been shared) may be used to create remote system stages from. ‘The creation of the remote system stage will be shown by example. In the figure 3.5 the original project "owner" is a user called "Raji". He has shared the "Simple Power System" project. The second user, "Raj2", wishes to use the data from the "Simple Power System’ project as created by Rajl. In this case the Simple Power System in the Raji folder can be con- sidered as the "base" project. In order to study any data "Raj2" must have an active project and study case, As can be seen in the figure 3.5 such a project, entitled "Simple Grid Raj2 Variant has been created. There is an active study case and no grid folder (the grid folder that was created when the new project command was executed may simply be removed from the study case and deleted- alternatively, no grid folder is created if the user presses the Cancel button when PowerFactory asks for a name for the grid).DIQSILENT Aowertoctory Logon, User Accounts and Program Settings BO Acwinistetor BM Demo 80 Rat ~ © GF Simple Poner System BGO Raz & G Simple Grid Raj2 Variant 2 Ral Study Case 2B AED Lib ©) Becycle Be] & 4 Seings Fig. 3.5: Remote system stage step 1 "Raj" now right-clicks the grid folder in the Simple Power System project in Raj1's ac- count and selects Add to Study Case. The grid is added to Raj2's project as a remote sys tem stage as shown in the figure 3.6. Raj2 may now work on the base data and make additions and changes as required, without affecting the data in the base project. Bd Datobase 1 GS Simple Power System ae © W SudyCare OOD Library @ Changed Settings NOR & @ Simple Grid Roj2 Variant Be Gid "ead Study Case OY Libra GBI Changed Settings © Recycle Bin BCI Setiings Fig. 3.6: Remote system stage step 2 Note Whilst system stages end remote system stages are very powerful tools that assist the user in the creation of variants they do not ab- solve the user from the need to think carefully as to how to create and use the variants, Should topographical changes be made to the same elements in both the system stage and then the original project Power Factory is not able to discern how these should be ‘managed, thus the use of system stages should be understood and carefully managed, Please see chapter 7 (Project Management) ere for more information on managing projectsDIgSTLENT AomerRactoy cer Settings Chapter 4 User Settings “The user settings dialogue (figure 4.1) offers options for many global features of Power Factory. This dialogue may be opened either by clicking the User Settings icon (' on the main tool bar, or by selecting the Options—> User Settings... menu item from the main menu. “Funatone | Drectiae | Eétw | Cuooa OB | Powelae General | Graphic Windows, || DataManager |” QupueWindow Contin Delete Activiy 7 Open Grophic atomataly & Beep on user exsers. F Use Mulfole Dato Manager TT Use Opezating System Format for Date and Time I Use Default Giephie Convester ° Edit Fiter belore Execute I> Abstays confiin Deletion of Grid Dai DecinsiSymbol [ed T? Use Standard Database Structare ‘System Stage Profle [AN = Fig. 4.1: User Settings dialague 41 General Settings ‘The general settings include (figure 4.1): Confirm Delete Activity Pops up a confirmation dialogue whenever something is about to be deleted. Open Graphics Automatically Causes the graphics windows to re-appear automatically when a project is activated. When not checked, the graphics window must be opened manually, Beep on user errors May be de-selected to suppress sounds. Use Multiple Data Manager ‘When enabled, more than one data manager dialogue can be opened 4-1DIgSILENT PowerFactory User Settings ata time. When disabled only one data manager may be opened at a time and pressing the New Data Manager button will pop up the minimized data manager C—O Use operating system Format for Date and Time the operating system date and time settings are used when this is checked. Use Default Graphic Converter. Edit Filter before Execute Presents the filter edit dialogue when a filter Is selected, allowing the User to edit the filter before application. However, this Is sometimes irksome when a user is applying a filter several times. Thus one may choose to go straight to the list of filtered objects when the filter is applied by un-checking this option. Always confirm Deletion of Grid Data When this option checked a confirmation dialogue is popped up when Cy the user deletes grid data. SS Decimal Symbol Selects the symbol selected to be used for the decimal point. Use Standard Database Structure In order to simplify the operation of PowerFactory for users who do not use the program often, or who are just starting out certain restrictions may be introduced into the database structure, for example, allowing only "Type’ data to be placed in Library folders (when this option is un-checked). However, this may be irksome for advanced Users or those who are usad to the standard database working where a great deal of flexibility is permitted, so as to suit the users needs, and thus the standard structure may be engaged by checking this option. System Stage Profile ‘The ability to create system stages may be limited by this option. Existing system stages will stil be visible but the right menu options that create new revisions or system stages will be removed. This is once again a tool that may be usad to ‘simplify’ PowerFactory for users not familiar with the program by limiting the operations that they Dd may use. Sd 4.2 Graphic Windows Settings ‘The graphic windows has the following settings. Cursor settings Defines the cursor shape: ‘Arrow’: a normal, arrow shaped cursor + ‘Crosshair’: a large, full screen cross - "Tracking cross’: a small cross General Options Valid for all graphs: QODIVSILENT Ponerfoctoy User Settings ‘Show Grid only if stepsize will be least’: grid points smaller than the selected size will not be shown, ‘Show Text only if height will be least’: text smaller than the selected size will not be shown, ‘No. of columns in graphics floater’: specifies the width of the graphics toolbar when this Is a floating window. "No. of columns in graphies docker’: specifies the width of the graphics toolbar when it is docked on the right side of the drawing space. ‘Line factor when printing’; The wicth of all lines in the graphics will be multiplied by the specified percentage when printing. Coordinate Output at statusbar in mm Specifies that the status bar will display the cursor position in millimeters, Update Hidden pages always Results in all graphical pages on a graphics board being updated, even when they are not visible, Note that this can slow the processing speed considerably. The advantage Is that no updating Is required when a different graphics page is selected. Exclude Feeder Colors May be used to exclude colors, by number code, which are to be used for feeder definitions. This Is used to prevent the use of colors which are already used for other purposes, Ranges of color numbers are entered as '2-9'. Multiple ranges of colors must separated by commas, as in '2-9;16-23'. Update Graphic while Simulation is running Use own background color for single line graphics If the option is enabled, the user can define the background color of the single line graphics by using the pop up menu and then pressing OK. By pressing the (->/ybutton more graphic setting options are available: Allow Resizing of branch objects If the option is enabled, the user can left click a branch element within the single line graphic and then resize it. Edit Mode Cursor Set : ‘Allows the selection of the mouse pointer shape. Mark Objects in Region Defines how objects within an user defined region of the single line graphic (defined by left clicking and then drawing a rectangle) are selected: ~ ‘Complete’: Only the objects, that are completely enclosed in the defined region, are selected. ~ Partial’; All the objects within the defined area are selected. Show balloon Help Enables or disables the balloon help dialogues.DIGSENT Aawerroctary User Settings For information about the Graphic Window refer to chapter 8 (The Graphic Windows). 4.3. Data Manager Settings ‘The data manager tab specifies which object types will be displayed or hidden in the tree representation, and whether confirmation prompts will appear when objects or data is changed in the data manager itself. Show in Treelist Object classes that are selected will be displayed in the database tree, Save data automatically ‘The data manager will not ask for confirmation every time a value is changed in the data browser when this option is selected. Sort Automatically ‘Specifies that objects are automatically sorted (by name) in the data browser. Export/Import Data Configures the export and import of PowerFactory'DZ'-fles, as lows: - "Include Binary Data' saves binary data, such as results in the result folders, to the ‘DZ’ export files. “Export References to Deleted Objects' will also export references to objects which reside in the recycle bin. Normally, connections to these objects are deleted on ‘Enable export of activated projects’ will permit the export of an activated project, Folders for Global Library The default global type folder is the System\ Library Types folder. ‘This default folder contains many predefined object types, but objects within this folder may not be changed by the user (read-only access). This option allows the user to specify a different "Global Type Folder", possibly a company specific and defined type library, For information about the Power Factory Database Manager refer to chapter 6 (The Da- tabase and the Data Manager). 4.4 Output Window Settings ‘The output window settings control the way in which messages selected by the user, in the output window are to be copied for pasting into other programs. Whichever options are checked wilt determine what will be copied, The text in the output window itself will not be influenced. Escape sequences are special hidden codes which are used! for coloring the text, or other formatting commands. Some text processing programs are nat capable of using the PowerFactory escape codes. The Text Onlyoption should be set in such cases, The text in the output window itself will not be influenced by the options chosen here. ‘The number of lines displayed in the output window may also be limited. 4-4DIgSILENT AowerRactory User Setings 45 Functions Settings ‘The functions settings page provides check boxes for the function modules that are ac- cessible from the data manager or from the object edit dialogues. The user may choose to see only certain modules in order to "unclutter" dialogues. This may also be used to protect data by allowing only certain calculation functionality to be seen by certaln users, This is particularly useful in a multi-user environment or in when inexperienced users utllize PowerFactory. 4.6 Directories Compiled DSL Models Pre-compiled DSL models may be available for use as external models, The DSI. directory should be directed to the correct folder/ directory In order for PowerFactory to find these models. PFM-DSM 47 Editor ‘The editor which is used to enter large pieces of text (such as DPL scripts, objects de- scriptions, etc.) can be configured on this page. Enable Virtual Space ‘Allows the cursor to move into empty areas. Enable Auto Indent ‘Automatically indents the next line. Enable Backspace at Start of Line Will not stop the backspace at the left-most position, but will continue at the end of the previous line. View blanks and tabs ‘Shows these spaces. Show Selection Margin Provides a column on the left side where bookmarks and other markings are shown. Show line Numbers ‘Shows line numbers, Tab Size Defines the width of a single tab. Tabs ‘Toggles between the use of standard tabs, or to insert spaces when the tab-key is used. Language coloring Defines the syntax-highlighting used when the type of text Is not known. ShortCuts Opens the short-cut definition dialogue.DIGSILENT PomerFoctory User Settings 4.8 Power Ware When working with DIgSILENT’s PowerWare, connection options are stored in the user settings. The connection options are as follows: Service Endpoint Denotes the PowerWare server name, This hame resembles a web page URL and must have the form: http: //the. server .name/psmsws/psmsws .asmx or http: //192.168.1.53/psmsws/psmsws .asmx ‘Attp denotes the protocol, the.servername is the computer name (or DNS) of the server computer and psmsws/asmsws.asmxis the name of the PowerWare application. Username/Password Username and Password have to be valid user account In PowerWare. A PowerWare user account has nothing to do with the ty PowerFactory user account. The very same PowerWare account can be used by two different PowerFactory users.The privileges of the PowerWare account actually restrict the functionality. For device Import the user requires read-access rights, For exporting additionally write-access rights are required. 4-6DigSILENT PonerFoctoy Dining a Power Sytem Model in PowerFactory Chapter 5 Defining a Power System Model in PowerFactory ‘The objective of this chapter is to present the basic procedure that is followed in Power- Factory to define and simulate a power system model. A simple distribution network is Used for this purpose. During the definition of the sample network, references to more advanced topics related to the definition and analysis of power systems are provided. ‘The information presented here is intended to serve as a quick reference to new users. Detailed information about the same procedures Is given in the PowerFactory tutorial and in the coming chapters of this manual. Experienced users are encouraged to skip this part of the document. 5.1 Getting Started {As soon as you log on, the main PowerFactory window Is presented. The upper part contains the main toolbar and the main drop down menus (figure 5.1 [1]). The middle part (figure 5.1 [2]), which would be momentarily empty, contains the graphic windows where single line graphics, block diagrams, station graphics and plots of results are dis- played. The lower part (figure 5.1 [3]) corresponds to the output window, where all tex- tual outputs of PowerFactory are written. To define a network model, the main PowerFactory window and the Data Manager (pre- sented in chapter 6) are normally used simultaneously. A new data manager window is opened by pressing ‘#3 in the main toolbar. The data manager window is shown in figure 5.1 [4]. . 5.2 Creating a New Project ‘As explained in 6.2.2, a project is a special folder that stores all the information related to the simulation and analysis of a power system. The first step when defining a new net- work is to create a new project. To create @ new project, proceed as follows: > Select File-> New from the main menu. This will open the ComNew dialogue, as shown in the figure 5.2. > In the ComNew dialogue, give a name to the new project and select the option Projectfrom the ‘Newfield. > Press Execute. This last action will create the project folder in the database under the indicated ‘Target 5-1DIGSWENT Powerfoctory Defining a Power System Model In PowerFactory Folde? (by default your user account). A study case folder and a library folder are auto- matically created under the new project (information about the study case and the library folder is given in 6.6). Hee ES cacucen fon. Gee REN. Madre MD 2e@eleszlage ray ji i ECOL Aa aGes ree; a cs HE Fig. 5.1: PowerFactory initial appearance Note It is only possible to modify active projects. No more than one project can be activated in a session. To activate or deactivate a project: In the Data Manager rigth click on it and select ‘activate/ Cy Geactivate’ from the context sensitive menu, . Because a project should contain at least one grid folder (all the network data is stored in the so called grid/folders), immediately after creating the new project, a dialogue to create a grid pops up (figure 5.3). > Write the name and the nominal frequency of the new grid and press ok. Once you have created the grid folder, an empty single line graphic, having the same name of your new grid, activates,DigSILENT PonerFectony Defining a Power System Model In PowosFactory Scere Close. Terget Folder x] | veeraisco . New Caneel © Pacnct © ed © Block/Frame Diagram 7 Viduallnsttanent Panel © Single Line Graphic Composite Het Etement T Porat Drawing Size- is Landsoapa Fig. 5.2: Creating a new project, ComNew dialogue 2 =) Nominal Frequency [SQ He Descipt >> [DISSENT Tuten "Contents Fig. 5.3: The grid edit dialogue 5.3 Defining a Network Model Once a project and a grid have been created, you can start to define a new network model using the single line graphic. The procedure used to define the small network from figure 5.4, Is going to be described step by step in the following sections. Before defining the network itself, a brief introduction to the single line graphic window may be helpful.DIGSILENT Power Factory Defining 2 Power System Model In PonerFactory © sanenos_snay j fo. StaionO4_Mta Fig. 54: Drawing network elements of the sample network 5.3.1 The Single Line Graphic Window ‘The single line graphic window (figure 5.5) shows the following fields: + [1] The drawing area, where the power system elements are placed and connected. + [2] The graphic window toolbar, where the commands and settings related to the drawing area are accessed (see 8.3 for further information). CT) + [3] The drawing toolbox, where the symbols for new network elements are placed (only visible when the graphic is unfrozen, ie. is not ‘6 pressed). + [4] The page tab, that displays the name of the active graphics and allows the management of the graphic board (further information about the page tab and the graphic board is given in 8.2.1).¢ DIQSILENT PowerFoctory Defining a Power System Model in PowerFactory eee . Vio soe saws ly 6 ONG Oro Hie = } Oo apo boo ware a Fig. 5.5: The single line graphic window Note Ina project you will normally work with more than one grid and will eventually use results plots, station graphics and block da- grams. All the graphics that you are using (active graphics) are stored in a folder called graphic board inside the active study case (see 8.1 5.3.2 Drawing Network Elements Drawing power system elements In the single line graphic, simply requires the selection of the desired element from the drawing toolbox and its placement in the drawing area, ‘To select an element from the drawing toolbox: > Find the desired element using the balloon help. > Left click the button of the desired element. After doing this, the cursor should show the icon of the selected element. To place the selected element, left click on the desired position inside the drawing area, To move the element left click and drag it, To rotate the element rigth click on it and select Rotate from the context sensitive menu. ‘To resize the element left click on it once, and then left click and drag one of the small squares that are shown, Regard that the single line graphic can only be modified when the graphic is unfrozen (icon {2}! from the toolbar is not pressed).DIGSILENT Poser Factory Defining 2 Power System Model i PowerFactory Drawing Busbars and Terminals When starting to draw a power system, it is natural to first draw the nodes. In Power- Factory nodes are represented by means of objects called "Terminals’ and ‘Busbars'. Ter- minals are used to represent simple nodes; while busbars are used to create more complex node closters (further information about node representation is given in 9.1). Tn our example we only use terminals to represent the nodes, After selecting, placing and resizing the corresponding terminals, the new network should look like that on figure 6A. — oom eo Fig. 5.6: Construction of the sample network Drawing Edge Elements ‘There are different ways to position single port elements (loads, machines, etc.). The sim- plest one is to select the symbol from the toolbar and then left click the busbar where the element is going to be placed. The asynchronous machines and the external gridfrom figure 5.6B were placed in the new network model following that procedure. Double port elements can be positioned in a similar manner. Left-click the first busbar to make the first connection, then left click the second busbar, After connecting the2-Winding trans- formers, the sample network must look like that in figure 5.6C. Connecting Disconnecting and Deleting If you need to disconnect an element, rigth click on itand select Disconnect Element, from ‘the context sensitive menu. You can reconnect the element by selecting Reconnect Ele- ment. You can delete an element by rigth clicking on it and then pressing “3% in the graphic window toolbar,DIQSILENT RowerFoctory Defining a Power System Model n PowerFactory Note There ls more than one way to place and connect elements In single line graphic. For illustrative purposes, the methods shown here are the simplest ones. Further information about drawing power system elements is given in 8.4. 5.3.3 Editing the Elements ‘The simplest methad to edit a component of a power system, is to double click the ele- ment on the single line graphic, This action will open the element's edit dialogue, where all its parameters are available, For example, if you double click the 2-winding transformer below the external network fram figure 5.4, the edit dialogue of figure 5.7 will pop up. eee eee’ FalstanCeet | ANSIshoiea | AMS Sido | ET Siluten | Meer | Petecon | dision | Siento | Rely | Deven | Landtow | VORARC Shrek acest fe fPernsainnicd.o1 © tsi eb piven. 00 zee fina Guat Senice -Grousegpedaee LY Sis fame Gees | de ee ee Fig. 5.7: Edit dialogue of a two-winding transformer As it is seen in figure 5.7, the edit dlalogue is composed of different tabs, Each tab has the name of a PowerFactory function, and contains the parameters that are relevant to the corresponding calculation, Certain parameters are relevant to more than one calculation, thus they can be found and edited in different tabs. For example if you update the tap position of a transformer in the ‘Load Flow' tab, the new value will also be seen in the 'RMS-Simulation’ tab, The 'EMT- Simulation’ tab, etc, As it was explained in 2.2, electrical data is divided in element and type data. The edit dialogue of figure 5.7 correspond to the element data and has a reference to a type data object in the "Type' field. To properly define a network component you have to edit both 5-7DIQSILENT PowerFectory Defining 2 Power Sytem Model in PowerFactory the element and the type data. The type of the element can be selected from a ‘Library’ folder by pressing v | (see ny 6.6.8), The current type can be edited by pressing a (notice that in figure no type ob- ject has been yet selected). Note _In the edit dialogues you can identify references to other objects by the ‘Select! { w |) and ‘Edit’ ( + |) buttons, When pressing the ‘Select button you are presented a data browser, where you search for the desired object. When pressing the Edit button the edit dialogue of the selected type object pops up. Almost every power system element uses references to type objects. When se- lecting a type object, a menu where you can select between a glo- bal or a project type pops up. Project types are those defined in the project libraries by the user. Global types are those already de- fined in the libraries that are provided with PowerFactory. Creating and Editing the Project Types You can create new type objects in the active project library by following the next proce- dure: » Left click the library folder of your active project in the data base tree (left side of the Data Manager). fo create a new object, The dialogue from figure 5.8 will pop up, le Line ¥ype fTypLne} | © Tower Type CvaTow | © 2WindingTanforer Type spt 2} | © 2Mindng Trenslomiat Type (TypT13} | QD © Synctnonous Mactine Type MTypSyn) © Asynchronous Mactine Type 2{TypAsmo} © General Load Fyne fypLoe) | © Block Defniion BADE | © Charactetos | © Stochasie Data © Special Typee Sees Type Fig. 5.8: New element type object selection > Select the desired type from the list presented in the dialogue from figure 5.8. For QQ example, if a 2-Winding transformer type is to be created; the type dialogue of figure 5.9 will pop up after pressing Ok, 5-8DIQSILENT Powerractory Defining a Power System Model in PowerFactory » Edit the type parameters according to your requirements and then press Ok, A eee anstare! Typ Liban? ng Tamnomer Type Typ Suan | Hames | Rekcon | rb aur asta | =] faite Festi wi vivaceseecn [Rasheed | 2881 Shated } FNS Snetsen | LOS] Nowe o:, Seem Teste. [Fins iedower “a Avene Anrep fiedVotge -osve Sqn Trpadace StetCieatelgerk fF — | Cexparterot Bw eae nen, oe Vege — peso ee | [Peidieratue Fx Fig. 5.9: Element type object, edit dialogue Once a type object has been created, it can be used by any element that requires the same type data, You can copy type objects defined in other projects or in the PowerFactory libraries, then you can paste them in your active library and edit them (information about copy and paste in the Data manager is given in 6.2.4). Itis also possible to use a direct reference to the types defined in other projects and in the PowerFactory libraries (.¥ |—> Select Global Type and then search for the desired object). In these cases it is not possible to edit the objects, Further information about data structure (type and element data) and data base is given in 2.2 and 6.1, For the definitions of Type, Element and Objects, consult the PowerFac- tory terminology in Appendix A, Note Information about the parameters of the elements and the type objects is given in the online available Technical References, 5.3.4 Single Line Graphics and the Data Base When a new network element is drawn in a single line graphic, a data and a graphic object are created in the active grid folder. The graphic object contains the information about: the graphical symbol itself, while the data object contains all the parameters and refer- ‘ences that define the network element.DISSILENT PomerFictoey Defining a Power System Model in PawerFactory Because the graphic objects use references to their corresponding data objects, there can be a not 1:1 relation between them, i.e. two graphic objects can have a reference to the same data object. This fact allows the use of the same data object in different single line graphics and factitates for example the interconnection between networks (detailed in- formation about the relation between graphical and data objects is given in 8.1, for infor- mation about interconnecting networks see 8.4.5) It is of course possible to create and edit network elements In the data base (by creating the data objects) and then generate single line graphics using them (see 8.1.5). 5.4 Performing Calculations Once the network elements have been defined and edited, you can start to perform cal- culations. PowerFactory offers a wide variety of calculation commands and tools that allow the complete analysis of a power system. Calculations In PowerFactory can be grouped in: * Steady state calculations; load flow, short circult, harmonic load flow, Impedance frequency characteristic, network reductions, ‘* Optimization tools: optimal power flow, optimal capacitor placement, open tie optimization, cable size optimization, state estimation, * Reliability assessment tools: contingency analysis, reliability analysis. * Time domain simulations: RMS simulation, electromagnetic transient simulation. Calculation settings are stored in the database by means of the so called ‘Command’ ob- Jects. To perform a calculation you just need to define the corresponding command and execute it, Calculation commands can be accessed trough the buttons from the main tool- bar (e.g. for load flow, for shor circuit, etc.). The simple procedure followed to define a command and execute it, is illustrated here by means of an example on a load flow calculation: Suppose, that you already defined the types and edited the parameters of the elements from the sample network of figure 5.4, Now you want to perform a load flow calculation. First you have to define the calculation command in the active study case (see 6.6.7 for information about study case folders). To do this: » Press the Calculate Load Flow icon (‘ft’) in the main toolbar, to open the calculation command dialogue (figure 5.10). » Set the calculation options according to your requirements (see chapter 13 for information about the Load Flow command settings). ‘Once you have defined the calculation settings, you can either perform the calculation by pressing Execute or only save the settings by pressing Close. In aiy case the new com- mand object will be saved in the active study case folder, Any time you want to perform this same calculation, you can go to the study case folder, open the command dialogue and Execute it. During the execution of the calculation, information messages including possible errors and warnings are displayed in the output window. Once a calculation had been success- fully performed, predefined results tables are displayed in the result boxes of the single line graphic (figure 5.11), you can of course set the variables to be displayed In these re- sult boxes (see 8.5). 5-10C DIQSILENT PowerFactoy Defining a Power System Mot! in PowerFactory ‘As you would expect, result boxes are only one simple way to view simulation results in PowerFactory, the program offers an ample set of tools to visualize and export the cal- culated results. For informations on results visualization see chapter 27. Although a load flow Is a very simple example, the procedure followed to perform any other calculation is in essence the same, You first define the calculation commands (in- cluding the initial conditions calculation commands when required), execute them and then define and visualize the results. Most of this Manual deals with the definition and execution of the available calculations in PowerFactory. The Volume III presents all the calculations related to the steady state analysis; Volume IV presents the optimization tools, Volume V the reliablity assessment tools and Volume VI the time domain simulations. Si aed teraion Corl |, Dupuis | Low Velage Anne | AdveeedSknton Onions BorOrtine | AcivePonerCenicl | Advnced Opto [ikinsiopalsp Newoteecentaon alaced suv eaerce : | rosacea 0 : LE debteneed pore {¢Reaclve Pones Gentil FT Automate Tap Adust of Teslomare Automate Stunt tne 1 Consider Reactive Power Links Lond Oaline me 1 onder Votage Dependency ef Loads IE Feeder Lined Scaling “| Consider Coincidence of Low Votage Loads SeaeeFocetr a NignStoaseHeaes (| L i ee Fig. 5.10: The command dialogue of the load flow calculation 5.5 Working with Projects To finish this introduction to the PowerFactory environment, basic informations about working with projects are presented. A complete description of the project management capabilities is given in chapter 7 (Project Management). Prabably you have already noticed that every change that you make to your project (or the data base) Is automatically saved on the disk. This means that you may end the pro- gram at any time without having to save your work or performing any further action. Once you log on again, you can either create a new project (5.2) or keep working with an existing one. To work in an existing project you have to activate it: » In the data tree of the Data Manager rigth dick the project and select Activate from the context sensitive menu. 5-11DIGSILENT Poner factory Desig a Power Sytern Model In PomerFactory » Staten UD1 Swab Quan ve iE Sohieens iB) a lecee Sation¥O111a pea ... EB ay [e a uv 5 asa = ‘Slation31_33a E Fig. 5.11: Results visualization after the load flow calculation Within the active project you need an active study case to administrate the calculation commands, the time settings and the graphic boards. You can create as many study cases as you require. » Anew study case can be created by rigth clicking the project in the data base tree and selecting Wen-> Study Case. Similar to projects, only one study case can be activated at a time. The calculation com- mands defined in this active study case are performed only on the active grids (the grids Which are included in the active study case). As expected you can only see single line graphics from the active grids. Within a project you can create all the grids that you require, You just have to: » Rigth click the active project and select New—> Grid. After the new grid has been created, the dialogue from figure 5.12 is presented. Depend- ing on the selection, the new grid will be included in the active study case, in an existing but not active study case or in a new study case. 5-12DIVSIENT PowerRactory Defnng a Power Sistem Moen PowerFatony ‘ouive aad actvated Staats. Wout yuliietio—— — 1 © add yan Stage ive Su Ca? © © etl nen iy Care ath Gi lon S99? © cate en ecing Shady Cave ard os Girton Stage ? Fig. 5.12: Selection of the study case for a new grid ‘You can add or remove existing grids from the active study case by means of the context sensitive menu, In order to analyze variations in a network without recurring to data redundancy, Pow- erFactory uses the so called 'System Stages’, For the data base they are special subfold- ers of the original grid, which store only the changes performed on it. For the user the will be networks based on an original grid, where topological or element parameter changes have been applied (Complete information about the functionality of System Stag- es Is given in 7.2).DIGSILENT Power Factory Defining a Power Systom Model in PowerFactoryDISSILENT PowerFactory “The Database andthe Data Manager Chapter 6 The Database and the Data Manager ‘To manage/ browse the data in PowerFactory, a Data Manager is provided. The objec- tive of this chapter is to provide detailed information on how the data is structured inside the program and how to use the Data Manager. Before starting, users should ensure that they are acquainted with the section 2.2 (Data ArrangementyStructure). 6.1 Object Oriented Database As has been explained previously data in PowerFactory's sorted into sets, for example the Type and Element data set, This makes the management, searching, sorting, editing, etc. of the data much simpler, Besides the two main sets, data for each network object is further sorted into sets as required for calculation functionality, such as Basic Data, Load- Flow data, Short-Circuit data, and so forth, Data that is required by the load-flow function, which has already been entered in the basic data set, is automatically used by the load-flow function, Thus the user only need enter any extra data that may be required by a calculation function. If the user changes data in the short-circuit data set, itis also changed in the basic data set. This ensures that the user does not have to remember and update data in various places in the database, only in one place. “The data can thus be described as non-redundant. Within the database a reference to 'Objects' can be made, Objects are virtual "things" in the database; they may be seen almost as one sees an object in real life. For example, consider a pencil; itis made of painted wood, with a graphite stylus, it has a length, a diameter, a weight and It may be picked up and moved from one location to another. In the database the pencil is an object; its length, diameter, etc,, are attributes or parame- ters of that object. ‘These objects are then arranged into sets, of which we have so far seen the Element and ‘Type sets. Commands are also objects; their parameters are the options, such as "Bal- anced, positive sequence," or, "Unbalanced, 3-phase (ABC)". In PowerFactory objects are initially placed into 'Class' sets; for example a line element belongs to the Elmlne class, Classes ara very similar to the file extensions seen in Win- dows. If a line element is edited one will see the class in the title bar of the dialogue - a line called "Cable A" will have "Cable A.EimLne" in the title bar for example. This allows the user to have a great flexibility in sorting, and thus searching for and managing data. Thus data can be sorted by class, or by elements, or by types, and so on. Objects are also grouped by folders (a folder is an object in itself). Folders are used to conveniently group a number of objects from different classes; for example, the ‘Grid’ folder groups element class objects (*.ElmLne for lines, *.ElmLod for loads, * ElmTr2 for 6-1DIgSILENT Ponenfoctory ‘The Database andthe Data Nonager 2 winding transformers), The "Library" folder is used to group type class objects. Once again this does in fact make the management of the data much simpler. All of this information is somewhat academic to the user at first, as PowerFactory will assign objects automatically, However it is useful to have a background to this arrange- ment before using the Data Manager and its tools. Later in the manual advanced data management philosophy and techniques are described that allow variants or alternatives to be created, studied and managed. The PowerFactory database philosophy can thus be summarized into one ‘golden’ rule: ‘Everything is an object and all objects are stored in the database tree’ ‘The consistent and flexible structure of the database, makes it possible to store every- thing, without losing control, The big advantage Is that dialogue settings relating to cer tain projects can be stored together with those projects, and consequently can be used over and over without having to re-enter the settings each time. A good example of project specific dialogue settings are the calculation dialogues which are used to set, for instance, the short-circuit options. By storing the dialogue mask inside the current project, the same short-circuit calculations, using exactly the same settings, can be repeated by just recalling the saved dialogue. This way of working also enables the user to store more than one copy of short-circuit settings, for instance, for a certain set of fault-positions, and running the same set of calculations by recalling the calculation dialogues one by one. Comparing this way of working to having to enter a dozen fault positions sequentially, clearly shows the advantages of being able to save and recall com- mands or other settings. This means of arranging the data Is called a ' hierarchical, object oriented database"and Is created according to the German DVG-database format. 6.2 Using the Data Manager ‘The Data Manager provides the user with all the features required to manage and main- tain all projects and system stage data, It gives both an overview over the complete data base as well as detalled information about the parameters of single power system ele- ments or other objects. New case studies can be defined, new elements can be added, system stages can be cre- ated, activated or deleted, parameters can be changed, copied, ete, All of these actions ccan be instituted and controlled from a single data base window. ‘The data manager uses a tree representation of the whole database, in combination with a versatile data browser.To intially open a data manager window press the the main toolbar, The settings of this window can be edited using the 'User Settings’ di- alogue (4.3). The data manager window has the following parts (see the figure 6.1): * The title bar, which shows the name and path of the of the folder currently selected in the database [1]. 6-2DIGSILENT Powerfoctony “The Database andthe Data Menager ‘The data manager local tool bar [2]. In the left upper area the database window, which shows a symbolic tree representation of the complete database [3]. In the left lower area the input window. It may be used by more experienced users to enter commands directly, instead of using the interactive command buttons/ dialogues. By default it is not shown. For further information sea 6.8 [4]. Between the database window and the input line, it shows the history list, which can be used to perform calculations in batchmode [5]. “The input window and history ist are opened and closed by the & command icon [6]. Fig. 6.1: * On the right side is the database browser that shows the contents of the currently selected folder [7]. Below the database browser and the input window is the message bar, which shows the current status and settings of the database manager (for further information see 6.2.5). ‘There are some special features of the database browser which can be accessed at any ‘time when the content of a folder is shown: * Balloon text; this is not only available for the buttons in the tool bar and the active parts of the message bar or the browser window, but also for the data fields [a]. Active Title buttons of each column; click on any title button to sort the items in the column; first click- items are sorted in ascending order; second click - items are sorted in descending order [b]. Object buttons showing the object standard icon in the first column of the database browser: each object is represented by a button (here a line object is shown). One dick selects the object and a double-click presents the edit dialogue for the object [c]. PowerFactory makes extensive use of the right mouse button. Each object or folder may be 'right-clicked! to pop up a context sensitive menu. For the same object the menu 6-3DIGSILENT Powerfoctory “The Detabase andthe Data Manager presented will differ depending on whether the object is selected in the left or right hand side of the data manager (this is known as a ‘context sensitive’ menu). Generally, the left hand side of the data manager will show object folders only. That is, objects that contain other objects inside them. The right hand side of the data manager shows object folders as well as individual objects, ne Dediiene -tiszen _teolintnmer hard Fig. 6.2: ‘Context sensitive menus in the data manager Using the right mouse button to access menus Is usually the most effective means of ac- cessing features or commands, Figure 6.2 shows an Illustration of a context-sensitive fight mouse button menu. ‘The symbolic tree representation of the complete database shown in the database win- XY dow may not show all parts of the database, The user settings offer options for displaying : hidden folders, or for displaying parts that represent complete stations, Set these options as required (4.3 (Data Manager Settings)). Note It is useful to keep in mind that object folders, such as the grid (2°) folder are merely common folders (ca ), that have bean des- Ignated to contain particular classes of objects. 6.2.1 Moving Around in the Database Tree ‘There are several ways to "walk" up and down the database tree: * Use the mouse: all folders that have a "+" sign next to them may be expanded by double-clicking on the folder, or by single clicking the "+" sign. 6-4DIgSILENT AawerFoctony “The Database and the Osta Monager Use the keyboard: the arrow keys are used to walk up and down the tree and to open or close folders (eft and right arrows). The Page Up and Page Down keys jump up and down the tree in big steps and the "-" and "+" keys may also be used to open or close folders. Use the toolbar in combination with the browser window. Double-click objects (see "c" In the figure 6.1) in the browser to open the corresponding object. This could result in opening a folder, in the case of a common or case folder, or editing the object dialogue for an object. Once again, the action resulting from your input depends on where the Input has occurred (left or right side of the data manager), + The =" and © buttons on the data manager tool bar can be used to move up and down the database tree. 6.2.2 Adding New Items Generally, new objects are added to the database via the graphical user interface (8.4 (Drawing Power System Elements), such as when a line is drawn between two nodes cre- ating, not only the graphical object on the graphics board, but also the corresponding el- ement data in the relevant grid folder, However, users may also create new objects “manually' in the database, from the data manager. Cartain new folders and objects may be created by right-clicking on folders In the data manager. A context sensitive menu Is presented, offering a choice of objects to be created that will "fit" the selected folder. For example, right-clicking a grid folder will allow the creation (under the New menu) of a System Stage, Graphic or Folder object. The new object will be created in the folder that was selected prior to the new object button being pressed, This folder is said to have the focus’ for the commanded action, This means that some objects may not be possible to create since the focused folder may not be suited to hold that object, For instance: A synchronous machine should not go into a line folder. A line folder should contain only line routes, line sections and cubicles. The cubicles in thelr turn should con- tain only switches or protection elements. ‘To access the whole range of objects that may be created, the |": icon must be pressed (new object icon), This is found the data manager toolbar and presents the dialogue shown in the figure 6.3. ‘To simplify the selection of the new objects, a filter Is used to sort the object list. This filter determines what sort of list will appear in the drop-down list of the ‘Element field, If "Branch Net Elements” is first selected, the selection of, for instance, a 2-winding trans- former is accomplished by then scrolling down the element list. “The Element field is a normal edit fleld. Tt is therefore possible to type the identity name of the new element, like "ElmT+3" for a three-winding transformer, or "TypLne" for a line type directly into the field. The possible list of new objects is therefore context sensitive and depends on the type or lass of the originally selected folder.DISSILENT PowerFoctory “Toe Database andthe Data Manager Element Selection - Settings WefaulttElement Selectios Ebene | ©. Teena, Staion 1 BranchNet Elements © Bus Net Elements © TypesforNetElenents Coriolis Pine Maver Units/MetorDiven Machines TF Composte Mode! © Common Model © Block Diagram © DAL Command and mate © Ohare Fig. 6.3: ‘The element selection dialogue After the selection for a new abject has been confirmed, the “Element Selection’ dialogue wil close, the new object will be inserted into the database and the edit dialogue for the new object will pop up. If this dialogue is closed by pressing the Cancel button, the whole action of inserting the new object will be cancelled: the newly created object will be de- leted from the active folder. The dialogue for the new object may now be edited and the OK button pressect to save the object to the database, Creating New Folders As it was indicated in 6.6, folders are objects used to store objects. As any other object, folders can be created either by using the context sensitive menu or by using the icon. The following folder types can be created in PowerFactory (for complete informa- tion see 6,6): * A Project folder (@ ) forms the root of a power system analysis project. A project folder should normally only contain other folders. These subfolders store all power system element and type data, single line diagrams, design altematives, calculation cases, results, etc, A Common folder ( “) is for general use and normally contains a mixture of objects and other folders. When selecting Vew—> Folderfrom the context sensitive menu or the Element Selection Dialogue, a new folder dialogue is open. There the user can select if the new folder is either a Common folder or a Library folder. A Library folder (1#2}) A library folder is a special common dedicated to hold power system type data. A library folder is automatically created in each new project. Recommended practice is to create new library subfolders for each new group of type 6-6DIgSILENT PowenFactany “The Database and the Data Manager data (i.e. line types, transformer types, etc.). When selecting New—> Foldertrom the context sensitive menu or the Element Selection Dialogue, a new folder dialogue is open, There the user can select if the new folder is either a Commonfolder or a Library folder, A Grid ( *) folder should contain a logical part of the grid, This could be the power system of a plant or a village, a part of a high voltage transport system, ete. A Station ( **) folder contains the busbars, cubicles and switches that belong to the station. A System Stage (**) folder holds changes from a certain base case. All tf changes are carried out when the system stage is activated and reverted again when it is deactivated. A Study Case ('")) folder holds connections to the grids, system stages, calculation and tool settings for a particular study combination. Each folder may have an owner name entered, for documentation or organizational pur- poses. In this way it should be clear who has created the data. Descriptions may also be added. An existing folder may be edited by using the "Edit" icon (‘g#)) on the toolbar or by using the right mouse button. Each folder may be set to be read-only, or to be a PowerFactory system folder. The folder may be a "Common" or "Library" folder, These attributes can be changed in the edit-folder dialogue. These settings have the following meaning: = Common folders are used for storing non-type objects: electric elements, command objects, settings, projects, etc. «Type folders are used as ‘libraries’ for type objects. = System folders, which are read only folders ‘The use of read-only folders is clear: they protect the data. In addition, folders containing data that is not normally accessed may be hidden. Selecting the kind of folders that the user/administrator wants to be hidden is done in the user settings dialogue see chapter 4 (User Settings). 6.2.3 Deleting an Item A folder or object which Is selected may be deleted by pressing the Delete key on the keyboard, or by dicking the {3¢/ icon on the toolbar of the database manager Because most power system objects that are stored In the database are interconnected through a network topology or through type-element relationships, deleting objects often causes anomalies in the database consistency. Of course, PowerFactory knows at any moment which objects are used by which others and could prevent the user from creating an inconsistency by refusing to delete an object that Is used by others. This, however, would create a very stubborn program. PowerFactory solves this problem by using a recycle bin folder. All deleted objects are In fact moved to the recyde bin. All references to the deleted objects will therefore stay valid (for example, the reference between element and type), but will show that the ref- erenced object has been "deleted" by:DIGSILENT PomerFoctony “The Database andthe Data Manager * Showing the path to the recycle bin and the name of the "recycle object” in stead of the original location and name. * Coloring: a reference to a deleted object will be colored red, i.e. a reference to a type. ‘Type references are found in the edit dialogues of all elements which use a type like the line or the transformer object. An object that has been deleted by mistake can be restored to the original location by selecting the restore menu option on the recycle object's context sensitive menu. All ref- erences to the object will also be restored. 6.2.4 Cut, Copy, Paste and Move Objects Cut, Copy and Paste Cutting, copying and pasting may be achieved in four different manners: D 1 By using the data manager tool bar buttons. 2 By using the normal 'MS Windows' shortcuts: + tel-x will cut a selection, = Ctel-¢ will copy it, - Ctz1-V will paste the selection to the active folder Cutting a selection will color the item-icons gray. The cut objects will remain in their cur- rent folder until they are pasted. A cut-and-paste is exactly the same as moving the ab- Ject, using the context sensitive menu. All references to objects that are being moved will be updated. Cancelling a cut-and-paste operation is performed by pressing the Ctrl-C key after the Ctrl-x key has been pressed. 3 By using the context sensitive menu. This menu offers a Cue a Copyand a Move item, The move item will pop up a small second database trée in which the target folder can be selected. When the selected objects have been Cut or Copied, the context sensitive menu will then show a Paste, Paste Shortcut and a Paste Data item. D + Pastewill paste the selection to the focused folder. wt + Paste Shortcutwill not paste the copied objects, but will create shortcuts to these objects. A shortcut object acts like a normal object. Changes made to the shortcut object will change the original object. All other shortcuts to this original object will reflect these changes immediately. - Paste Datais only be available when just one object is copied, and when the selected target object is the same kind of object as the copied one. In that case, Paste Datawill paste all data from the copied object into the target object. This will make the two objects identical, except for the name and the connections. 4 By dragging selected objects to another folder The ‘Drag & Drop' option must be enabled first by double-clicking the 'Drag & Drop: off’ message on the data manager's message bar. When the drag & drop option is on, itis possible to copy or move single objects by selecting them and dragging them to another folder. op Dragging is done by holding down the left mouse button after an object has beenDIQSILENT PomerFoctory ‘The Database and the Data Monager selected and keeping it down while moving the cursor to the target/destination folder, either in the database tree or in the database browser window. Note When dragging and dropping a COPY of the object will be made (instead of moving it) if the Ctx). key is held down when releasing the mouse button at the destination folder. To enable the’Drag & Drop’ gption double click the'Drag & Drop’ message at the bottom of the Data Manager window, 6.25 The Data Manager Message Bar ‘The message bar shows the current status and settings of the database manager. Some of the messages are in fact buttons which may be clicked to change the settings. The message bar contains the following messages. + "Pause: on/off" (only in case of an opened input window) shows the status of the message queue in the input window, With pause on, the command interpreter is walting which makes it possible to create a command queue. The message Is @ button: double-clicking it will toggle the setting. “"N object(s) of M" shows the number of elements shown in the browser window and the total number of elements in the current folder. '* "N object(s) Selected: " shows the number of currently selected objects. ag & Drop: on/off! shows the current drag & drop mode. Double clicking this, sage will toggle the setting. 6.2.6 Additional Features Most of the data manager functionality Is available through the context sensitive menus {right mouse button). ‘The following items can also be found in the context sensitive menus: ‘Show Reference List (Output Data —> Reference List) Produces the list of objects that have links, or references (plus the location of the linked object), to the selected object. The list is printed to the output window. In this manner for example, a list of elements that all use the same type can be produced, The listed object names can be double- or right-clicked in the output window to open their edit dialogue. Select Alt Selects all objects in the database browser: Mark in Graphic Marks the highlighted object(s) in the single line graphic. This feature can be used to identify an object. Show -> Station Opens the station graphic of the station to which the selected object belongs. If the object belongs to more than one station, as might be inDISSILENT PowerFectory ‘The Database andthe Data Manager ‘the case of lines or other objects, a list of possible stations is shown. first. Goto Busbar ‘Opens the folder in the database browser that holds the busbar to which the currently selected element is connected. If the element is connected to more than one busbar, a list of possible busbars is shown first, Goto Connected Element Opens the folder in the database browser that holds the element that is connected to the currently selected element. In the case of more than ‘one connected element, which is normally the case for busbars, a list of connected elements is shown first. Calculate Opens a second menu with several calculations which can be started, based on the currently selected objects, A short-circuit calculation, for example, will be performed with faults positioned at the selected objects, if possible. If more than one possible fault location exists for the currently selected object, which is normally the case for station folders, a short-circuit calculation for all possible fault locations is made. ‘Other useful features: * Relevant objects for calculations are tagged with a ¥ sign (this will only be shown following a calculation}. Editing one of these objects will invalidate the calculation results, 6.3 Searching for Objects in the Data Manager ‘There are three main methods of searching for objects in the data base: Sorting, search- ing by name and filtering. 6.3.1 Sorting Objects Objects can be sorted according to various criteria, such as object class, name, rated volt- age,..., etc. Sorting according to object class is done using the "Edit Relevant Objects for Calculation" icon on the toolbar ('§). The user may select a particular class of calcula- tion-relevant object (e.g. synchronous machine, terminal, general load, but not graphics, user settings etc.) to be displayed in a browser, Further sorting can be done according to the data listed in a table- either in the data man- ager or in a browser obtained using the procedure described above, This is done by click- ing on the column title. For example, clicking on the column title 'Name' in a data browser ‘sorts the data alphanumerically (A-Z and 1-9). Pressing it again sorts the data Z-A, and ol, ‘Tabulated data can be sorted by multiple criteria. This is done by clicking on various co urnn tities in a sequence. For example, terminals can be sorted alphanumerically first by name, then by rated voltage and finally by actual voltage by pressing on the titles corre- 6-10 pDC oO DIQSILENT AowerFactory ‘The Database andthe Data Manager ‘sponding to these properties in reverse-sequence (actual voltage...rated voltage...name). A more detailed example follows: ‘Suppose that you have executed a load flow calculation and that, for each rated voltage level in the network, you want to find the terminal with the highest voltage. These termi- nals could be identified easily in a table of terminals, sorted first by rated voltage and then by calculated voltage. Proceed as follows: » Perform the load flow calculation. » Select the 'ElmTerm' ('=+) from the 'Edit Relevant Object for Calculation’ dialogue (8). » Include, in the ‘Flexible Data' page tab, the terminal voltage and nominal voltage (see » In the table (‘Flexible Data page tab), click on the title 'u, Magnitude p.u' to sort all terminals from highest to lowest calculated voltage. » Then click on the title 'Nom.L-L Volt kV' to sort by nominal voltage level. » Now you will have all terminals first sorted by voltage level and then by rated terminal voltage. 6.3.2 Searching by Name Searching for an object by name is done ether in the right-hand pane of the data man- ager or in 2 data browser. To understand the procedure below, notice that the first col- umn contains the symbols of the objects in the table. Clicking on such a symbol selects all columns of that row, i.e. for that object. The procedure is as follows: » Select an object in the table by clicking on any object symbol in the table (if one object was already selected then select a different one). » Now start typing the object name, which is case sensitive. Notice how the selection jumps as you type, For example, typing 'T’ moves the selection to the first object whose name starts with T, etc. » Continue typing until the selection matches the object that you are looking for 6.3.3 Using Filters for Search Advanced filtering capability is provided with the 'Find.. function (4 ), A filter is normal ly defined to find a group of objects, rather than individual objects (although the latter is also possible), Advanced search criteria can be defined, e.g. transmission lines with a length in the range 1km to 2.2km, or synchronous machines with a rating greater than SOOMW etc. ‘The function is available in both the data manager and a data browser, Clicking on 'Find..." in the data manager allows the user to apply a predefined filter or to define a new filter, called ‘General filter’, If a new filter is defined, the database folder that will be searched can be defined. Clicking on ‘Find...’ in a data browser allows the user to define a General Filter for objects within the browser. General Filters defined by the user are objects stored in the Changed Settings\ Filters fold- 6-11DIGSILENT Ponenfoctay ‘The Database and the Data Monaper er ‘The options in the General Filter dialogue window are now explained with reference to Figure 6.4: Name: Name of filter. Object filter: This field defines elther the complete or a part of the search criteria, and is optional. Examples are as follows: *.ElmSymi Include element objects of the class synchronous machines. - *.TypSym: Include type objects of the class synchronous machines. Lahney.*: Include all objects with the name Lahney. Lahney.Eim*: Include all element objects with the name Lahney. D*,£lmLod: Include all load element objects whose names start with D. A.drop down list providing various object classes can be accessed with ( +). This field is available if a filter id defined within the data manager. It allows the user to specify the folder in the database that will be searched, Check boxes: - Include Subyolders wil search the root folder specified as well as the subfolders in the root folder. ~ Relevant Objects for Calculation vill include only those objects considered by the active study case (if no study case Is active the search is meaningless and no search results will be retumed). - Area Interconnecting Branches will search for branch elements that interconnect arids, eee eee et RT Hove aodtratn |adveeed]| Cape) “ techie T Reta oe a Cetton TF belawetrrasin Breet Fig. 6.4: General Filter dialogue ‘The OK button will close the search dialogue, but save the filter object to the Changed Settings\Filers folder. This makes it available for further use. The CANCEL button will lose the dialogue without saving the changes, This button is useful ifa search criterion 6-12DIQSILENT Powerfoctary “The Database andthe Dats Manager (filter) witl only be used once.The APPLY button starts the actual search, It will scan the relevant folders and will build a list of all objects that match the search criteria. Once the search is complete a list of results is returned in the form of a new data browser window. From this browser, the returned objects can be marked, changed, deleted, cop- ied, moved, etc. ‘Advanced search options allow more sophisticated expressions as search criteria. These are specified in the "Advanced! tab of the General Filter dialogue (Figure 6.5). The filter criterion is defined in terms of a logical expression, making use of parameter names. Ob- jects will be included in the data browser if, for their parameters, the logical expression is determined to be true. An example of a logical expression is “ine>0.7! The variable dlinerefers to the length of a transmission line, and the effect of such a filter criterion is to limit the data in the browser to transmission lines having a length exceeding 0.7 km. ‘The logical expressions can be expanded to include other relations (e.g. >=), standard functions (e.g. sin()), and logical operators (e.g. .and.). Note ‘Parameter names can be object properties or results, The param- eter names for object properties are found, fer example, by letting the mouse pointer hover over an input field in an object's dlafogue window. Parameter names for result variables are found from vari- able sets, which are described In 27. SST ea) Mana axdLocain dvrced | Gopi} F seinen u Fig.6.5: Filter dialogue - Advanced "Search Literally" is used to search for user defined strings ‘inside! parameter fields. For ‘example, perhaps the comment ‘damaged but serviceable’ has been entered for some el- ‘ements in the network. This may be searched for as shown in the figure 6.6. All parameter fields will be searched for this string.DIGSTLENT AowerFactary “The Database and the Data Hanauer eee ane ardloeen, Rives ough F sean Bevin sen TS Fig. 6.6: Searching literally As stated before, the objects matching the filter criteria are displayed in a data browser. ‘They may also be highlighted in the graphic using the ‘Color representation’ function de- scribed in 8.3.5. The color to be used in this case can be specified under the tab 'Graphic of the General Filter dialogue window. Note Newa filters are saved to the Project\ Changed Settings \Filters folder in the project and are avaliable for use directly, using the right mouse menu. Ifa search is to be performed in a particular tid simply proceed as follows: right-click the grid folder—> Find — > Local Filters—> Filter Name (e.g. Unes longer than 700m). Re- member to press the "Apply" button to perform the search. Ifyou unchecked the "Show Filter Settings before Application” box under "User Settings'-> "General" then the filter will be applied as soon as itis selected from the menu. This is useful when you have already defined several filters for regular use. 6.4 Editing Data Objects in the Data Manager ‘The database manager (or Data Manager) offers several ways to edit power system com- ponents and other objects stored in the database, regardless they appear graphically or not. The basic method is to double-click the object icons in the database browser. This will open the same edit dialogue window obtained, when double clicking the graphical repre- sentation of an element in the graphic window.DIQSILENT PowerFoctry ‘The Database and the Data Manager einai Furshat cheat F ANsIShaGeeat | RMSSiauen | EMTSauhion | Hamers | Frokston | Oyen | SWieFsinne |. Rey | Denisin | ‘ase lesion | Wbemtesimiticd Fig. 6.7: Full size edit window appearing after double-clicking the object icon in the data manager An open edit dialogue will disable the data manager window from which it was opened. The edit dialogue has to be closed first in order to open another edit dialogue. However, it [s possible to activate more than one data manager (by pressing the i“ icon con the main toolbar) and to open an edit dialogue from each of these data managers. This can be useful for comparing objects and parameters. Using the full size edit dialogues (Figure 6.7) has one major drawback: it separates the edited object from the rest of the database, making It impossible to copy data from one object to the other, or to look at other object parameter values while editing. PowerFactory brings the big picture back in sight by offering full scale editing capabili- ties in the data managers browser window itself. The browser window in fact acts like a spreadsheet, where the user can edit and browse the data at the same time, The browser window has two modes in which objects can be edited, = Object mode * Detail Mode which are described in the following sections. 6.4.1 Editing in Object Mode In the general case only the icon, the name and the type of the objects are shown in the ‘object’ mode (see figure 6.8). Certain objects, for example power system elements, show additional fields like the "Out of Service" field.DIGSWENT Pomerfactony ‘The Database andthe Data Manager eint2t3) (Ged __ [TO TOOMVA SOO | akin (Gidea T0Ova 5020K¥ |] Jaeinicat) ‘Gid__ [Tra TOCA 80208 || Teenre2 ‘Grd Tie SOMA SOTO I] 5 fakin) (Gid | Syrchronous Machina [| ~|Hich loads FiGéi0 - [Setings apie ibray Figsio | Feidert (Ged Tt Fig. 6.8: ‘The browser window in ‘object’ mode. ‘The title buttons are used to sort the entries in the browser. The visible data fields can be double-clicked to eit their contents, or the #2 button can be pressed, The object will show a triangle in its icon when itis being edited. After the data field has been changed, move to the other fields of the same object using the arrow-keys or by clicking on these data fields, and alter them too. ‘The new contents of a data field are confirmed by pressing the Retuzn key, or by moving to another field within the same object. The triangle in the Icon will change to a small star to show that the object has been altered. The object itself however has not been updated. Updating the changes is done by pressing Return again, or by moving to another object in the browser, By default, PowerFactory will ask to confirm the changes. See section 4.3 (Data Manager Settings) to disable these conformation messages. 6.4.2 Editing in "Detail" Mode 1fthe * icon on the browse window of the data manager is pressed, the browser chang- es to ‘detail’ mode (see Figure 6.9). It will display only the objects from the same class as the one which was selected when the button was pressed. In the example of Figure 6.9, this is a load object (ElmLod), The icon or a filter (6.3.3) may also be used to engage detail mode,O The Database andthe Data Nanager | App Fon Ae Baeza Tenses a1 63ee) In ‘detail’ mode, the browser shows all data fields for the selected calculation function data set, which can be selected by clicking on a page tab shown at the bottom of the table view.If a page tab is out of reach, then the page tab scrollers will bring it within the brows- er window again. “The list of objects may be sorted by any column by pressing the title field button. The widths of the data fields can be adjusted by pointing the mouse on the separation line between two title fields and dragging the field border by holding a mouse button down. As with the browser in ‘object’ mode, the data fields can be edited by double-clicking them. In the example the active power settings are being edited, but from the star in the object icon it is dear that another field of the same object has been edited too, but not confirmed, because this star would otherwise be a triangle. Its possible to change a parameter field for more than one object simultaneously. This is, for instance, useful to raise a certain limit for a range of objects, in order to geta better load-flow result i.e, by alleviating line overloads. An example Is shown in the figure 6.10 where the nominal current for a range of line types is changed at once, |Sirole Gd Sirole Gi [Norh Grid Neri Grid Noth Grid Noth Grid Noth GridDIgSILENT Aowerfactoy ‘The Database andthe Data Manager tus rae Mody Voiues © Relative | © Relative To Sum [ose _ Vote ja Fig. 6.11: Modify values dialogue ‘The parameter fields which have to be changed have to be multi-selected first, Right- clicking the selection will pop up a case sensitive menu from which the Modify Value(s) option opens the SetValue dialogue, see the figure 6.11, This dialogue can be used to: * increase or decrease them by multiplication with a scale factor ("Relative"). * increase or decrease them by multiplication with a scale factor with respect to the sum of values selected ("Relative to Sum), * Set all the selected parameter fields to a new fixed (“absolute”) value. Ttis not possible to simultaneously alter parameter fields from more than one column, i.e. ‘to change nominal currents and nominal frequencies simultaneous, even if they would happen to take the same value or would have to be raised with the same percentage. 6.4.3 Copy and Paste while Editing One of the great advantages of editing data fields in the data manager's browser window is the possibilty to copy data from one object to another. This is done by selecting one or more objects or object fields, copying this selection to the clipboard, and pasting the data back in another place, To copy one or more objects, 1 Open the Data Manager and select the grid folder where you find the objects to be copied, Please do not open the icon for the Objects relevant for the calculation as this is a filter view collecting objects stored at various locations. 2 Select them (see figure 6.12). 3 Press Ctrl~C to copy or use the "2: icon on the data manager toolbox. 4 Press Ctrl-V to paste or use the -="! icon on the data manager toolbox. The ‘objects will be copied with all the data, Their names will automatically be altered to unique names (see figure 6.13). DBIQSILENT PonerFoctony “The Dotabase and the Data Manager Fig, 6.12: Copying an object in the browser “Baker indusial Ares RW Souh()[DEF Fig. 6.13: Result of copying the object Copying data fields from one object to another is done just like for any spreadsheet soft- ware you may be familiar with, To copy one or more data fields, 1 Select them by clicking them once, Select more data fields by holding down the Ctrl key. 2 Copy the fields to the clipboard by pressing Ctr1~C or th 3. Select one or more target objects data fields. If more than one field was copied, make sure that the target field Is the same as the first copied data field. 4° Press Ctrl-v or the target objects, : Icon, The contents of the data fields will be copied to the 6.5 The Fiexible Data Page Tab in the Data Manager ‘The data browser (this will be seen in the data manager when the 'Detail Mode! has been engaged) has page tabs for all calculation functions, These tabs are used to view or edit ‘object parameters which are categorized according to a calculation function and have a fixed format, ‘The flexible data tab, normally used to display calculation results, allows the user to define a custom set of data to be displayed. ‘The default format for the calculation results displayed in the flexible page depends on the calculation performed: Following a loac-flow calculation, the default variables for ter- minals are line-to-line voltage, per unit voltage and voltage angle. Following a short-cir- cuit calculation the default variables are initial short-circuit current, initial short-circuit, power, peak current etc, Figure 6.14 shows an example of the flexible data page tab.DIGSILENT AoverFactory “The Database andthe Data Manager saa | Par Supcase | gi estes | ek / HED eerie [al pero Le Pees son ‘eciohai0 2 Tiana eoeted — raghomal, Fig. 6.14: The Flexible Data page tab 6.5.1, Customizing the Flexible Data Page The displayed variables are organized in ‘Variables Sets’ that are, in turn, organized ac- cording to calculation function. For example, an object class £/n772 (two-winding trans- former) has a variable set for symmetrical load flow calculation, a variable set for short- ireuit calculation etc. There may also be more than one variable set for any calculation function. For example, the object £/m772may have two variable sets for symmetrical load flow catculation. The Flexible Page Selector allows the user to specify the variable set to use, or to define new variable sets. Furthermore, the Flexible Page Selector allows the user to access and edit the variable sets, Le. to specify which varlables to display in the Flexible Data page. The ‘Flexible Page Selector’ dialogue is shown in Figure 6.15. This dialogue is opened by pressing the (& ) icon on the database manager toolbar (or data browser toolbar), or by right-clicking the tab of the flexible data page. The Flexible Page Selector has tabs for the different calculation functions. It opens with the tab corresponding to the most recent cal- culation. Pressing the _+| button next to ‘Variables’ allows the user to select a Variable Set or to generate a new Variable Set. If a new Variable Set is generated, the edit dialogue of Figure 27.36 pops up. The edit dialogue of the selected Variable Set pops up ifthe" | button next to 'Variables' is pressed. The selection of variables within Variable Sets is pre~ sented in detail in section 27.2.4. Variable Sets are objects of class ZntiMon, and Flexible Page Selectors are objects of the class IntMonsel. Both are stored in the database under Changed Settings\Flexible Page Settings. Variable Sets have multiple uses, This section of the manual explains only the use of Variable Sets in conjunction with Flexible Data. 6.6 Folders in the Database ‘The PowerFactory database contains simple objects and folder objects. Simple objects are end-points in the database tree: they do not contain more sub-objects, Examples are many power system elements and types: switches, busbars, machines, loads, However, transmission lines, for example, are folder objects, because they may contain sections, routes and feeders. ‘The following sections describe the most important folder objects and their use, ?D D~ Cc DIQSILENT Powerfoctory “The Database andthe Data Manager Pee mc ANSI She-Cro | FMSSiulsien | ENTSiiaion | Hamorice | Prsecion | Ontnten | sitet | Retbty | Deron | 2S] ioDate Loud Few | YDEAECShet Cheat | FulShonCtout | Canoe [EL >| teste Page Sovings\EbnTerad-gyn belanced ‘The Flexible Page Selector 6.6.1. The Common Folder Anew common folder (ZntFo/der; Ci) can be created in the database tree from the con- text sensitive menu of existing folders by selecting the New option and subsequently the Folder option from the second menu. The common folder object is the main building block of the database tree. It is used to store a multitude of other (folder) objects and has therefore much in common with a "sub- directory" on a normal computer hard disk. However, the PowerFactory database tree does not show a hard disk file structure, but the more abstract database structure. “The common folder has an user-defined name and an user-defined owner, The owner field may be used for names of power system engineers, project names, department names, or any other useful information. ‘The common folder may be set to be read-only to protect the contents from unintentional changes. 6.6.2 The Grid Folder Anew grid folder (£fmNet, **) can be created in the database tree from the context sen- sitive menu of existing project folders by selecting the Vevr option and subsequently the. Grid option from the second menu. This will create a new but empty grid folder. By se- lecting the File-New option from the PowerFactorymain menu and consequently select- ing the "Grid" option from the ComNew dialogue, a grid folder will be created together with a single line graphic. This single line graphic will automatically open in order to create the grid topology. “The grid folder contains all information about a certain (part of a) power system. This in~ cludes one or more single line graphics, the power system objects, the station folders, the system stages, etc, “The grid folder dialogue, as depicted in the figure 6.16, has a name, a color, an owner and a nominal frequency. The color is used to show the grid where the element is stored and is activated in the coloring mode Grids/Original Locations. Coloring of graphics is de- scribed in detall in 8.3.5 (Color Representation),DIGSILENT Powenfoctony ‘The Database and the Data Manager Cees Name Color mi Nominal Frequency [Bt He ‘Owner TOO Fig. 6.16: The Grid edit dialogue 6.6.3 The Station Folder Anew station folder (EimStat,"** ) is created by adding a new busbar (system) in the single line graphic. Because all busbars must reside in a station, this will automatically cre- ate a station folder in which the new busbar(s) will be stored, Different stations may be combined into larger stations later on. The station defining dialogue is explained in the section 9.1.3 (Defining Stations). 6.6.4 The Single Line Graphic Folder Anew single line graphic folder (InéGriiVet, ¥* ) is normally created automatically when a new grid folder is created from the fi/e-New option on the main menu. ‘Anew single line graphic folder may also be created from the option Newfrom the context sensitive menu of the folder in which the graphic should be stored by selecting the Graph- ‘eoption from the second menu. ‘The context sensitive menu of a graphic folder has a Show Graphicoption which will open a ‘graphics board’ object in which the graphic will be shown. More about single line and other graphics can be found in the chapter 8 (The Graphic Win dows). 6.6.5 The Graphic Board Folder A new graphics board folder (SetDesktop, “) is created as soon as a graphics object (Single line graphic, block diagram, etc.) has to be shown. A graphics board has pages which acts as virtual paper on which the graphical objects can be drawn. A graphics board has icons for creating new grephic objects and for showing existing ones. In these cases, no new graphics board will be created, but the added graphic ob- jects will be drawn on new pages in the same graphics board object. ‘The graphics board has page tabs to quickly move from one graphic page to another. ‘The graphic board folder stores references to the displayed graphics in case of single line or block diagrams, and stores the actual information in case of a virtual instrument panel, 6-22DIgSILENT PonerFactory ‘The Database andthe Deta Manze 6.6.6 The System Stage Folder Anew system stage folder (JtVariant, *+ ) Is created from the parent folder by selecting the New option from the parent folder’s context sensitive menu and consequently select- ing the System Stage option. Asystem stage is a special ‘administrator folder which is used in the hierarchical and non- redundant system stage administration system. It is capable of stealing the grid informa- tion of its parents and keeping track of all changes made to these grids. At returning the information to the parents, the changes registered by the system stage folder will be un- done. The system stage folder uses special registration objects to keep the changes made, The next time the system stage folder is activated, it will reactivate all the changes made the last time it was activated. ‘The System Stage folder has an user defined name, an optional user defined owner name and an optional user defined description. The contents button will show the current con- tents of the folder. Assystem stage folder may be 'reduced' to one of its parent folders by activating the par- ent and right-clicking the system stage folder. The pop-up menu will now show the Re- duce system stage branch option. Selecting that option will gather the changes stored in the system stage folders, starting with the reduced folder and walking up the database path to the activated parent folder, The gathered changes are used to permanently ‘change the parent design, after which the whole database path between the reduced sys- tem stage folder and the changed parent is deleted. 6.6.7 The Study Case Folder A studly case folder (JntCase,!) Is meant to hold one or more references to grid and/ or system stage folders, These referenced folders together define the studied system con- figuration and will automatically be (de)activated when the study case folder Is (de)acti- vated, Without calculation case folders, it would be necessary to manually activate the correct grid and/or system stage folder folders over and over again in order to analyze the result- ing power system configuration. A Study Case folder with a reference to at least one Grid or system Stage folder has to be activated in order to enable calculations. “The Study Case Folder has an user defined name, an user defined owner; and has a flag to define it as the default Study Case folder in the current directory. When no Study Case folder is active when a Grid or System Stage is activated, the default Study Case folder is activated too, in order to create the reference to the Grid or System Stage folder. When no default Study Case folder is available, a new one Is created automatically, Disabling the Use as default option will protect the contents of the Study Case folder. For more information, see 7.1.3 (Study Cases), 6.6.8 The Library Folders Library folders ( ttt) are used to store ‘type’ data (2.2), The ‘global library contains ‘type’ objects accessible for all users. It is saved in the database directory, at the same level of 6-23DIGSILENT AowerFoctory “The Database and the Data Manager the user's folders. When first installed, PowerFactory stores in the ‘global’ library sub folders containing an ample set of 'types' for different power system elements. Local (‘project’) libraries are automatically generated within the project folders (7.1.1 N (Creating a new Project)). By default the ‘project’ libraries include the ‘Scales’ folder (UntScales}, which is used to store time scales (10.1.7 (Creating a Time Scale)). In ‘project libraries, the user can define new suitable ‘types’ for his project or simply import ‘types’ from the global library or other folders. When defining a new power system element, the user Is asked for a ‘type’, There he can choose among a ‘Global Type’ (from the ‘global’ library), a ‘Project Type’ (from the ‘project’ library) or a 'New project Type’ (define a new ‘type’ in the ‘project’ library). 6.7 Special Objects in the Database Most objects in the database are explained in special sections in this manual. Information about the line object ElmLne, for instance, can be found in 9.2.1 {Creating a Transmis- TD) sion Line). Some additional objects are present in the database which are used in various ways, and which cannot be related to a specific task or features, These objects are described here. 6.7.1 The Matrix Object ‘The Matrix object (ZntMat) defines a matrix, This object is e.g. used for the graphical curve input or for use in DPL scripts. See also the chapter 29 (The DIgSILENT Programming Language - DPL) for a description of DPL and the implemented methods. eee ur cule The matrix page ‘The Matrix page, as depicted in the figure 6.17 holds the table with the matrix values. The row and column labels are normally defined on the ‘labels’ page but are enumerated by default. ‘The matrix is resized by right-dicking either a row label or a matrix cell, In both cases, the context menu will show options for inserting, appending or deleting cells. 7D + Ifa row label was right-clicked, new rows will be inserted or deleted at the clicked row Position, or appended at the bottom of the matrix. 6-24O DIGSILENT RanerFoctory “The Database and the Data Manager + Ifa matrix cell was right-clicked, new columns will be inserted or deleted at the clicked column position, or appended at the right side of the matrix. Pe ee Fig. 6.18; The labels page Labels for rows or columns are defined on the labels page, as depicted in the figure 6.18. "Row labels" holds the labels for the rows, "Col labels" defines the labels for columns. It Is not required to define exactly as many labels as there are columns or rows. Itis allowed to enter empty labels, or to define more labels. New Matrix objects can be created in the database by using the 'new object’ icon ("i') under the ‘Slements' = "Others" —> ‘Filter’ = "Other elements (Int*)" —> ‘Element’ = "Matrix (IntMat)" assignment. The object will be created in current active folder. 6.7.2 The Object Set Object Sets (SetSelect) are folders containing references to objects in the database (see 6.7.3). Object Sets are used in a variety of functions. For example, an object set can be defined that contains (references of) the buses at which the short-circuit currents should be calculated. Another example is an object set that contains (references to) all cables to include in a cable-sizing calculation. Object sets are assigned to one of the following cal- culation functions: {n-1) Outage Simulation Short-circuit calculation Outputs OPL Commands SHC Sweep General Cable Sizing Voltage Sag Table Power WareDIGSILENT PowerFvctory “The Detabase and the Data Manager New object sets are defined by pressing the (‘3 [con in the data manager, selecting Oth- ersand typing SetSelectnext to Filtec An object set dialogue pops up, allowing the user to make the assignment described above, and to specify the content. The Content button shows the current content of the set. Additional objects are added to the set using the ‘Add button. New objects sets may also be defined from the database browser or the graphic. Likewise, new objects may be added to existing sets from the database browser or graphic. This is done by selecting one or more objects, right-clicking the mouse and selecting Define or Add to. A second menu pops up showing the possible sets to define or to add to. 6.7.3 The Object Reference ‘The object reference is used to create object set definitions (SetSelect), or to create an additional access to an object. References to objects are made visible in the database manager by the small additional arrow (_®_) in the object symbol. The object reference is normally created automatically, for instance when objects are added to a set, or when the option Paste Shortcuts used in the database browser. If a reference is explicitly created, the 'Reference' pointer must be set to a database object manually. ‘An object reference will behave as the referred object. Double clicking the reference will open the referred object dialogue. Storing a reference to an object in a DPL. script will have the same result as storing the actual object. However, it is not possible to use ref- erences to objects when setting object types. It is, for example, not possible to select a reference to a line type in the line object definition. 6.8 The Input Window in the Data Manager ‘The input window is for the more experienced users of DIgSILENT PoswverFactory. It is closed by default. Almost all commands that are available in PowerFactory through the menu bars, pop-up menus, icons, buttons, etc, may also be entered directly into the input window, using the PowerFactory commands, The contents of the input window can be saved to file, and commands can be read back into the window for execution. PowerFactory also has special command objects which carry one single command line and which are normally used to execute commands. In this way, complex commands can be saved in the same folder as the power system for which they were configured, 6.8.1 Input Window Commands In principle, everything that can be done in DIgSILENT PowerFactory, can be done from the command tine in the Input window, This includes creating objects, setting pa- rameters, performing load-flow or short-circuit calculations, Some commands that are available are typically meant for command line use or for batch commands. These commands are rarely used in another context and are therefore listed 6-26 D— Co DIGSLENT AawerFoctory “Tue Dotabsse and the Data Manager here as “command line commands", although they do not principally differ from any other command. Cd Command Moves around in the database tree by opening another folder at a relative position from the currently open folder. Example: ed... \gridB\Loadt cl Command ‘Stops the redirection of the output window to either a file or toa printer. All following messages will again be shown only in the output: window, dfout stops redirection to a file d/pm stops redirection to a printer Cls Command Clears the output or Input window. ds/out dears output window dsyinp leers input window completely ds/inp/done clears only previously executed commands N asks for confirmation Command Displays the contents of a folder Example: dir Study Case Ed Command Pops up the dialogue of a default command, le. "Idf", "she", ete, Example: ed lat Exit Command Exits the program immediately without further confirmation. Man Command Queries or sets a variable. Example: nan/set cbj=Zead_1.elmlod variablesplini value=0.2 Op Commande Redirects output to either a file or a printer. Example: op/out f=train3 out Pause Command Interrupts the execution of the command pipe until a next pause command is executed. Pr Command Prints either the contents of the output window or the currently active graphics window,DIQSILENT PowerFactory “The Database andthe Duta Manager Rd Command ‘Opens and reads a file. Stop Command Stops the running calculation. ‘Sys Command Executes a dos command. Wr Command Writes to a file. 6.9 Save and Restore Parts of the Database Aselected part of the database can be written to a "DZ" Import/Export file with the button Export Data.. ‘This will bring a ‘File Save’ dialogue where a filename must be Specified, Alternatively, the folder or object that Is to be exported can be right-clicked in the data- base tree, after which the option Export Data... is selected, The exported part of the database may be a complete project, a library, or a specific ob- Ject in the browser window. Exporting a folder (i.e a project, grid, library, etc.) will export the complete content of that foldes, inclusive subfolders, models, settings, single line graphics, etc, Its even possible to export a complete user account. However, only the administrator is able to d@tportan user-account. Exporting the user-account on a regular basis is a prac tical way to backup your data, Its even possible to export data from another user account, or even to export another user-account completely, Howevey, only the shared, visible, data will be exported, ‘The exported data file can be imported into the database again in any desired folder by pressing the_Inport Data. ... ('} button. This will bring a File Open dialogue where the "Dz" data-file can be selected. ‘The “DZ"-file will be analyzed and error messages will be displayed when the file is not a genuine PowerFactory data file, or if it is corrupted. If the file format has been found to be correct, a dialogue will appear which shows the data and version of the file. The default target folder is shown also, which Is the original folder of the saved data. If this is hot desired, another target folder can be selected by pressing the Drop Down button. This button will bring a small version of the database tree. A new target folder can be selected from this tree, 6.9.1 Notes By exporting a folder from the database, only the information in that folder and all its sub- folders will be stored. If the exported objects use information (e.g. power system types like line or transformer types) that is saved somewhere else, then that information will ‘not be stored, Make sure that the used power system types and all other referenced in- formation is exported too. When importing a file that contains objects which use data outside the import-file, a search for that data is started. 6-28O DIGSILENT PowerFactony “The Dotabace ard the Data Manager For instance, assume a project is.exported. One of the line-models uses a type from a library outside the project. When exporting, the path and name of this type is written in the export-file, but the type itself is not exported, as is does not reside in the exported project. ‘Atimporting, the stored path and name of the ‘external’ type is used to find the type again and to restore the link, However, if the ‘external’ type is not found, then it will be created, using the stored path and name. Of course, the created object has default data, as the original data was not exported. Additionally, an error message is written to the output window. ‘Suppose that you are working with a large library, which is stored in a special user-ac- ‘count to make it read-only, The library is made accessible by sharing it to all users. When export the projects, the objects from the external library are not exported. Howev- er, a colleague which has access to the same library may still Import your projects without problems. The external objects used in your projects will be found in the same location, and the links to these objects will be correctly restored. 6.10 Spreadsheet Format Data Import/Export ‘The PowerFactory data browser in the data manager's window looks and acts like a spreadsheet program as far as creating and editing power system objects is concerned. ‘To enable and simplify the use of power system element data which Is stored in spread- sheet programs such as the Microsoft Excel or the Lotus 123 programs, the data browser offers 'Spreadsheet Format’ import and export facilities. 6.10.1 Export to Spreadsheet Programs Al data visible in the data browser may be exported as it i. The export format is such that most common spreadsheet programs can read In the data directly (space separated ASCII), Exporting data is performed as follows, + Select a range of data in the data browser, Such a range may contaln more than one column and more than one row. Right-click the selected range and select the Spread Sheet format option. This opens aa second menu which offers the choice between writing the Spreadsheet export to a file, or to put it on the Windows Clipboard. See the figure 6.19. ‘The exported data can now be imported into a Spreadsheet program. When the Clipboard was used, pressing Ctrl-C will Paste the data into the spreadsheet, “The imported data may now be edited, or additional calculations may be made. The PowerFactory data is imported as numbers and descriptions, The example in the figure 6.20 calculates a mean value from a range of line loading percentages.