5. Cc chun truyn s liu ni tip.

Mc d phn ln cc thit b ngoi vi ca my tnh nh my in, mn hnh, mdem c thit k truyn cc k t s liu dng ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) S liu c chuyn ti cc thit b thng l cc byte song song nhng trng hp khong cch ngn, cn ti cc thit b tc chm hoc cp truyn di th phng php truyn ni tip c dng. C hai chun thng dng trong trng hp truyn ni tip l: - EIA RS 232C (t C.C.I.T.T) - Vng lp 20mA (thng dng cc my in xa) B vi x l B vi x l B vi x l B vi x l

Ra

Vo

u Cu i u Cu i u Cu i u Cu i

Vo

Ra

n cng

Vo Vo Vo Vo

Ra Ra Ra Ra

Bn song cng

Song cng

Hnh :2.3. Cc dng truyn s liu gia my tnh v ngoi vi

a) Chun RS 232C. Chun ny qui c phng thc ghp ni gia u cui s liu v u cui truyn, dng d liu c hai, cc ng tn hiu v phn c hc c nh ngha t m.Chun RS 232C y gm 25 ng nhng phn ln l cc ng c bit v mt s ng b khng dng. Phn ln cc u cui ca my tnh i hi mt phn cc ng ny l hot ng. Bng 1 cho ta tn y ca 25 ng.

Rt t ng dng dng c 25 ng ny (trong c 3 ng khng nh ngha). Chun RS 232C chia thit b truyn tin lm hai loi: - Thit b u cui s liu (DTE Data Terminal Equipment) l thit b ngi s dng nh my tnh c nhn PC AT, PC XT. Bng 1 Chn 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. Logic Tn - Protective Ground - Transmitted Data - Received Data - Request To Send - Cler To Send - Data Set ready - Signal Ground (Common Return) RLSD - Received Line Signal Detector (Reserved For Data Set Testing) PGND TxD RxD RTS CTS DSR SNGD (Reserved For Data Set Testing) Unassigned SRLSD - Secondary Received Line Signal Detector Scts - Th cp ca 5 Std - Th cp ca 2 Tset Element Timing Srd - Th cp ca 3 Rset Received Signal Element Timing Unassigned Srts Th cp ca 4 Dtr Data Terminal Ready Sqd Signal Quatlti Detector Ri Ring Indicator Dsrs Data Signal Rate Selector Tset Transmit signal Unassigned Thp nht 5V t bo v S liu truyn S liu nhn Yu cu gi Xo gi S liu sn sng t ca dy tn hiu B pht hin tn hiu nhn Dnh ring cho th d liu Khng n nh B pht tn hiu nhn th cp Tn hiu nhn nh thi phn t tn hiu nhn Khng n nh u cui sng sng Pht hin cht lng Ch dn bo Chon tc nh thi cho phn t ca tn hiu truyn Khng n nh Cao nht 15V

Logic 1

Thp nht +5V

Cao nht + 15V

Thit b truyn s liu (DCE Data Communication Equipment) L thit b c kh nng truyn tin, v d nh mdem Trc khi nhn v chuyn s liu, gia hai u tin c ni vi nhau theo chun RS 232C, chng u phi gi v nhn thng tin theo qui nh v trt t nht nh. C hai kiu ghp ni: Kiu DTE DCE S trao i thng tin trc khi truyn s liu ln lt qua cc bc sau: - Mt vi DCE qua ng RI bo cho DTE bit s liu vo c . - DTE qua ng DTR yu cu ghp ni truyn. - DTE nhn DCD v DSR, cc ng ny thng bo rng DCE sn sng. - DTE gi RTS, tn hiu t DCE ti trc v truyn s liu. - DTE pht s liu cn truyn qua ng TxD v nhn s liu qua ng RxD. chng lm hng thit b, ng t phi lun lun c ni chung, iu ny rt cn thit khng c b qua. Cc cp tn hiu thng c ni vi nhau l: DTR DSR v DCD RTS CTS TxD RxD Hnh 2.4. nu mt v d cho trng hp DTE l my tnh v DCE l modem thoi. Tc truyn chun l 50,75,110,150,300,600,1200,2400,4800,9600 baud hay l bit/s

My tnh

TxD RTS RxD DSR GND Max 15m

Mode m

Knh thoi

Mode m

TxD RTS RxD DSR GND Max 15m

u cui

Hnh 2.4. Ghp ni DTE DCE

S liu truyn t my, nh th tc chun RS 232C c Modem bin i, truyn trn knh thoi ti mt modem khc v qu trnh thc hin ngc li khi thng tin t c chuyn ti mt u cui khc. Hai thit b ni tip hot ng theo mt trt t trao i tin nh trn gi l handshaking Kiu DTE DTE Kiu ny c gi l null modem bi v ghp ni gia chng khng cha thit b DCE nh l modem . C hai u DTE u pht v nhn nhng tn hiu nh trong trng hp DTE DCE trc khi gi v nhn s liu c cc th tc sau: Gi DTR Nhn DCD v DSR Gi RTS Nhn CTS Hnh 2.2. Ta cho ghp ni chun kiu DTE DTE

DTR DCD DSR RTS CTS TxD RxD

DTR DCD DSR RTS CTS TxD RxD Signal GND

GND

Signal GND

GND 2.5. Ghp kiu DTE DTE (Null modem) Hnh y l cc kiu ghp tn hiu hay dng, ngoi ra chng c th thay i cht t tu tng trng hp c th . i vi my tnh PC AT, PC XT c hai cng COM1 COM2 dng cho trng hp truyn ni tip l Cng COM1 COM2 a ch vo/ra 3F8 3EF Hex 2F8 2EF Hex ng ngt IRQ4 IRQ3

Cc chn cm y cng c chun ho tin li cho vic s dng nh 2 kiu trong hnh 2. 1 2 3 4 5 . . . . 2 4 6 8 10 . . . . 6. 7 8

. . 1

. . 3

. . 5

. . 7

. . 9

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

DCD (vo) DSR (vo) RxD (vo) RTS (ra) TxD (ra) CTS (vo) DTR (ra) RI (vo) GND Khng dng

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

DCD (vo) RxD (vo) TxD (ra) DTR (ra) GND DSR (vo) RTS (ra) CTS (vo) RI (vo)

Hnh 2.6. u ra ca chn cm.

Nu ta c loi 25 chn nh kiu chun th cc chn c tn ging nhau s c gn tng ng, ngi dng ch cn cm phch a vo th l xong. Cp u 9 chn ni vi 25 chn nh hnh 2.6 9 chn 25 chn Mode m Cp ghp loi 9 v 25 Cp modem Cng COM ca my tnh.

My tnh

My tnh b) Chun vng 20mA. u cui Chun ny nhiu so vi RS 232C n ch gm 4 +n gin hn S liu pht tr (-), ng nhn cng, dy dn: ng pht cng (+), ng ng nhn R nhn RTtr (hnh )
L

Nhn (+)

20mA Nhn RL S liu

Nhn (-)

Pht (+) Pht (-) 20mA

20mA 20mA

Hnh 2.7. Ghp ni vng 20mA

Lgic 1 v c cm nhn bng cch ng hoc m vng lp. Dng c xc nh bi in tr truyn R T v ti RL. Hiu th v in tr phi p ng c dng in 20mA qui c ny. Mc d c th chn in p v in tr thp, Nhng in p v in tr vi gi tr cao thng hay c dng. Mt u im rt ln ca h truyn vng lp l in tr dy khng c tc ng g, trn vng truyn dng khng i. Hiu th khng b ri trn ng dy nh trng hp RS 232C. V vy cn phi to ra dng c nh 20mA. Thng chn hiu in th v in tr cao v lc ny in tr ng truyn c thay i cng nh hng rt t n in tr chung v dng s coi nh khng thay i. Trong rt nhiu h thng, s trn ln gia hai chun RS 232C v vng lp 20mA l khng chp nhn c.

6. Chun truyn s liu song song.

Truyn s liu song song i vi my vi tnh vi cc thit b ngoi vi gn n nh a, my in song song cng cn nh trng hp truyn s liu i xa. y cho thy s cn thit phi to nn nhng ghp ni song song chun nh trong trng hp truyn ni tip vi chun RS 232C. Trong thc t th cha c dng chun ghp ni song song no c dng chung rng ri c. Phn ln cc thit b truyn s liu song song u c mt mu tng t l c hai BUS sliu song song mt vo mt ra. Ngoi ra cc tn hiu i thoi handshaking c trao i khi ghp ni, ch ra s liu sn sng hoc c th c gi (hnh2.8.) S liu ra
My tnh s liu

8 ng s liu Ngoi vi

vo

8 ng s liu Cc tn hiu

Hnh 2.8. M hnh chung ghp ni song song.

Mt h thng vo/ra c chun ho hon ton to ra kh nng m rng v mm do h thng rt ln. Cho nn chng ta thng i khi phi bin i mt thit b tng ng thnh mt thit b chun. S tng thch ca thit b khng nhng dng c mt h thng m cn dng c cc h thng khc cng c dng mt chun. Chnh v khng c chun ghp ni song song chung, chng ta thng bin i thit b thnh chun truyn s liu ni tip v ngc li. S bin i ny l mt m bo thm chc chn cho kh nng linh hot ca thit b.

My Ra tnh Vo

S liu S liu

UART RS 232 C

UART

Ngoi vi Vo Ra

Tn hiu i Hnh Bin i song song thnh ni tip chun RS 232C thoi Hnh ta cho thy mt v d bin i ghp ni song song thnh ni tip nh UART (Universal Asychronous Received Transmiter) bin i cc s liu song song thnh ni tip qua chun RS 232C, truyn ti UART khc ni vi thit b ngoi vi. UART ny lm qu trnh ngc li l chuyn s liu i t thit b ngoi vi ti my tnh c thc hin tng t nh trn theo chiu ngc li.