Tm hiu v giao thc chuyn giao (handover procedure) 1. Handover l g?

V d trong mng t bo, mi mt trm pht sng BTS c mt vng ph gii hn (vi km). Khi bn ngi trn t/ xe bus v in thoi cho bn gi, th chc chn bn khng th ni kt vi cng 1 trm BTS c. Khi bn i ra khi vng ph sng ca mt trm BTS A v i vo vng ph ca mt trm BTS B, lc bn s kt ni vi trm B. D nhin l cuc gi vn din ra bnh thng. Qu trnh chuyn i kt ni t mt trm pht sng ny sang mt trm pht sng khc c gi chung l chuyn giao (handover). Trong hu ht cc loi hnh mng khng dy: t bo, wifi, wimax, DVB-H..., u c tnh n khi nim chuyn giao. Ch l khi nim chuyn giao lun gn lin vi vic c communication ang din ra. 2. Phn loi cc loi hnh chuyn giao (HO). Thc t c nhiu khi nim khc nhau lin quan n "Handover" (HO). - Trong mng t bo, ngi ta phn bit ra Hard HO, Soft HO (khi nim ny khng c GSM) v intersystem HO (inter-RAT). - Trong IETF/IEEE th hay nhc n cc khi nim Fast HO, smooth HO, horizontal HO, vertical HO, intra/inter-technology (system) HO, L2 HO, L3 HO ... Cc bn c th tham kho cc terminology y http://www3.tools.ietf.org/html/draf...amoby-terms-00 - Trong WiMAX (IEEE) th c khi nim Hard HO, Fast BS Switching (FBSS) v Macro diversity HO. Tm li, theo mnh th l th ny. - Trc ht gia Soft HO v Hard HO, ci khc nhau c bn l new connection (ni kt mng n) c thit lp trc hay sau khi old connection (ni kt hin ti) chm dt. V th i khi bn nghe ni n make-before-break (tc l SOFT) v break-before-make (gi l HARD) HO. Khi nim Hard v soft l c lp (independent of) vi technology v operator domain. - Vi cch phn bit nh trn th inter-system HO c th l Hard cng c th l Soft. System y khng hn ch l khc nhau v technology (RAT) m c th khc nhau v administrative domain (gia cc operator/owners khc nhau, tuy nhin cng nn phn bit vi khc nim roaming). - V khi nim horizontal v vertical HO. Horizontal y tc l HO gia cng 1 system, cng 1 technology. Cn Vertical l ch HO gia 2 technology khc nhau (c th thuc cng hoc khng cng thuc 1 owner). VD: Handover gia WLAN v UMTS l vertical. 3. Cc bc c bn trong mt qu trnh chuyn giao Chuyn giao ngang (horizontal HO) trong mng t bo c th phn ra thnh 3 bc chnh nh sau: 1. HO measurement (o c/theo di cht lng ng truyn radio)

2. HO decision (ra quyt nh chuyn giao) 3. HO Execution (tin hnh chuyn giao) C th tng bc nh sau: Bc 1: Trong sut qu trnh lin lc, thit b cm tay (gi nm na l UE (user equipment)) s lun o nng lng thu c t BTS ang ni kt v ca c cc BTS xung quanh n. UE thng xuyn gi bo co v tnh hnh o c ny v trm pht sng (Node B trong UMTS/BTS trong GSM) v thit b qun l radio (RNC trong UMTS/BSC trong GSM). Bc 2. Nu cht lng ng truyn t trp pht hin ti kt ni n UE b gim mnh di mt mc no , th mng s quyt nh tin hnh HO. Mng s chn ra mt ci BTS ln cn m cho cht lng ng truyn tt nht UE ni kt vo. Bc 3. UE thit lp ni kt vi trm mi v ti nguyn dnh ring cho UE trm c s c gii phng. Ty theo soft/hard HO m cc qu trnh ny s c thc hin mt cch khc nhau S khc nhau gia chuyn giao ngang (HHO) v chuyn giao dc (VHO) Chuyn giao dc v ang l xu th pht trin v nghin cu ca ngnh truyn thng trn ton th gii. C th v ni bt nht l kh nng chuyn giao lin mng gia mng t bo cellular v mng cc b WLAN. Chuyn giao dc khng cn l nhng nghin cu n l m v ang c chun ha bi nhiu t chc nh 3GPP, 3GPP2, IEEE, IETF,... Li ch ca vic chuyn giao dc: Mng di ng th h th 3, UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications Systems) chun ha bi 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project), m bo tc truyn d liu t mc chm n trung bnh trn mt din rng vi tc di chuyn kh cao ca ngi dng. Tuy nhin, tc d liu ti a trn mng UMTS khng th p ng c cho nhng dch v i hi tc d liu cao nh video, streaming, mobile TV. Ngoi ra gi thnh ca dch v UMTS kh cao so vi dch v Internet. Bn cnh , mng WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) c th cung ng tc truyn d liu cao v gi dch v li thp. Tuy nhin mng WLAN khng p ng c dch v cho ngi dng di chuyn tc cao. Do , rt nhiu nghin cu nhm tch hp gia mng UMTS v mng WLAN nhm tn dng u im cng nh loi b khuyn im ca tng k thut thu ht c s quan tm ch ca ng o gii nghin cu v gii cng nghip trong vi nm tr li y. R rng chuyn giao dc (VHO) sc phc tp hn nhiu so vi chuyn giao ngang (HHO). Trong HHO, bn ch cn chn la mt trm pht sng ln cn tt nht theo ngha nng lng thu c (RSS/SNR) tt nht thc hin chuyn giao. Trong VHO, bn c nhiu s la chn gia nhiu trm pht (BS) ca nhiu cng ngh khc nhau, ca nhiu nh cung cp dch v khc nhau,...s la chn s phc tp hn v n khng n thun l da vo RSS/SNR (link quality) na. Trong HHO, vic chuyn giao khng cn b buc gia 2 BS ca cng mt operator, cng mt vng qun l m thuc 2 vng qun l khc nhau. Do s c nhng vn cn c quan tm nh v bo mt/authentication trong qu trnh chuyn giao.

 thc hin c VHO, thit b di ng hoc phi c trang b nhiu radio interface khc nhau hoc radio interface c th t cu hnh hot ng trong nhiu mode khc nhau....