1.

Converting floating-point numbers from the hexadecimal into the decimal format

The following diagram shows the arrangement of bits of IEEE floating-point numbers. Bit 31 = sign, bits 23 to 30 = exponent and bits from 0 to 22 = mantisse. Bit 31 Exponent Sign

24 23

16 15 Mantisse

8 7

V E E E E E E E E M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M

The representation of a floating-point number (-1)VZ m 2e comprises: VZ = sign (0 positive, 1 negative) e = exponent (e = exp - 127) m = mantisse (m = 1.M ; 1 <= m < 2) The sign, exponent (exp) and the decimal point (M) of the number are saved in a floating-point number. They still have to be determined. The following schematic shows how all of the three components are selected. In this case the maximum frequency is considered (50.0Hz float: 4248 0000 hex 50.0 dec) 4 2 4 8 0 0 0 0

Bit 31 24 23 16 15 8 7 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 1/162

84hex = 132dec

1/16

Exponent (Exp) Sign (VZ)

Mantisse (M) decimal place in the hex system

The number comprises the following elements: (-1)VZ 1.M2Exp-127 = (-1)0 (1 + 9(1/16) + 0(1/162))2132-127 = 11.562525 = 50.0

2.

Converting floating-point numbers from the decimal into the hex format

The decimal number must be represented in the form (-1)VZ 1.M 2Exp - 127. Let's consider this conversion using an example. The maximum frequency (P1082) should, e.g. be set to 87.0Hz; to do this the following conversion is required: Sign "+" 87=(-1)087 Which power of 2 fits in the number so that the rest results in a "one (decimal) point something"? 26 = 64 87 = 64 (87/64) = Subtract 1 according to the definition = 26 (1 + 87/64 1) = = 26 (1 + (87/64 64/64)) = Represent 6 as 133-127 according to the definition = 2133-127 (1 + 23/64) = The value 23/64 must be represented as a multiple of 1/16, 1/256 etc. = 2133-127 (1 + 92/256) = = 2133-127 (1 + (80+12)/256) = = 2133-127 (1 + 5/16 + 12/256) VZ = 0, Exp = 133dec = 85hex, Mantisse = 5.12dec Mantisse (M)

VZ

Exponent (Exp)

12

1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0

4 2 Send via Profibus: 42AE 0000.