Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS Chng 1 TNG QUAN C S D LIU ACCESS

1. GII THIU MICROSOFT ACCESS Microsoft Access l mt H Qun Tr C S D Liu (QTCSDL) tng tc ngi s dng chy trong mi trng Windows. Microsoft Access cho chng ta mt cng c hiu lc v y sc mnh trong cng tc t chc, tm kim v biu din thng tin. Microsoft Access cho ta cc kh nng thao tc d liu, kh nng lin kt v cng c truy vn mnh m gip qu trnh tm kim thng tin nhanh. Ngi s dng c th ch dng mt truy vn lm vic vi cc dng c s d liu khc nhau. Ngoi ra, c th thay i truy vn bt k lc no v xem nhiu cch hin th d liu khc nhau ch cn ng tc nhp chut. Microsoft Access v kh nng kt xut d liu cho php ngi s dng thit k nhng biu mu v bo co phc tp p ng y cc yu cu qun l, c th vn ng d liu v kt hp cc biu mu va bo co trong mt ti liu v trnh by kt qu theo dng thc chuyn nghip. Microsoft Access l mt cng c y nng lc nng cao hiu sut cng vic. Bng cch dng cc Wizard ca MS Access v cc lnh c sn (macro) ta c th d dng t ng ha cng vic m khng cn lp trnh. i vi nhng nhu cu qun l cao, Access a ra ngn ng lp trnh Access Basic (Visual Basic For application) m t ngn ng lp trnh mnh trn CSDL. 2. KHI NG V THOT KHI ACCESS 2.1. Khi ng ACCESS Chn nt Start trn thanh Task bar Chn Programs Chn Microsoft ACCESS

Khung hi thoi Microsoft ACCESS gm:

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS Create a New Database Using Blank Database Database Wizard ca Wizard. Open an Existing Database : M mt CSDL c sn. 2.2. Thot khi ACCESS Chn File/Exit hoc nhn t hp phm ALT+F4 3. CC THAO TC TRN TP TIN C S D LIU ACCESS 3.1. To mt tp tin CSDL Thc hin cc thao tc sau: Chn File/New hoc chn biu tng New trn thanh cng c Chn Database, chn OK Trong mc Save in: Chn th mc cn cha tn tp tin. File name: Chn tn tp tin cn to (Phn m rng mc nh l MDB) 3.2. M mt CSDL tn ti trn a Chn File/Open database (Hoc click biu tng Open) Trong mc Look in : Chn th mc cn cha tn tp tin cn m. File name: Chn tn tp tin cn m. Chn Open 3.3. ng mt CSDL Chn File/Close hoc ALT+F4 3.4. Cc thnh phn c bn ca mt tp tin CSDL ACCESS Mt tp tin CSDL ACCESS gm c 6 thnh phn c bn sau Bng (Tables) : L ni cha d liu Truy vn (Queries) : Truy vn thng tin da trn mt : To CSDL ng dng mi. : To CSDL trng. : To vi s tr gip

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS hoc nhiu bng. Biu mu (Forms) : Cc biu mu dng nhp d liu hoc hin th d liu. Bo co (Reports) : Dng in n. Pages (Trang) : To trang d liu. Macros (Tp lnh) : Thc hin cc tp lnh. Modules (n th) : Dng lp trnh Access Basic 4. CCH S DNG CA S DATABASE Nh ni trn, mt CSDL ca Access cha trong n 7 i tng ch khng n thun l bng d liu. Sau khi to mi mt CSDL hoc m mt CSDL c sn Access s hin th mt ca s Database, trn hin th tn ca CSDL ang m v lit k 7 i tng m n qun l, mi lp i tng u c phn lp r rng tin theo di. 4.1. To mt i tng mi Trong ca s Database, chn tab cha i tng cn to (Bng, Truy vn, Biu mu, Bo co,...) hoc thc hin lnh View/D atabase Object - Table/Query/Form/ReportPages/Macros/Modules Chn nt New. 4.2. Thc hin mt i tng trong CSDL Trong ca s Database, chn tab cn thc hin. Ca s Database lit k tn cc i tng c sn, chn tn i tng cn m. Chn nt Open (i vi Bng, Truy vn, Biu mu, Trang) hoc Preview (i vi Bo biu) hoc Run (i vi Macro v Module). 4.3. Sa i mt i tng c sn trong CSDL Trong ca s Database, chn tab cn thc hin. Ca s Database lit k tn cc i tng c sn, chn tn i tng cn m, Chn nt Design.

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS Chng 2 BNG D LIU

Bng l i tng ch yu cha cc thng tin cn qun l, c th ch l mt vi a ch n gin hay c vi chc nghn bn ghi cha ng thng tin lin quan n cc hot ng SXKD ca mt cng ty xut nhp khu no . Trc khi ta mun lm vic vi bt k mt CSDL no th ta phi c thng tin qun l, cc thng tin nm trong cc bng, n l c s cho ngi s dng to cc i tng khc trong CSDL nh truy vn, biu mu, bo biu... 1. THIT K C S D LIU Mt CSDL c thit k tt cho php ngi s dng truy cp nhanh chng n nhng thng tin cn tham kho, gip tit kim c thi gian truy xut thng tin. Mt CSDL thit k tt gip ngi s dng rt ra c nhng kt qu nhanh chng v chnh xc hn. thit k mt CSDL tt chng ta phi hiu cch m mt H QTCSDL qun tr cc CSDL nh th no. MS Access hay bt k mt H QTCSDL no c th cung cp cc thng tin cho chng ta mt cch chnh xc v hiu qu nu chng c cung cp y mi d kin v nhiu i tng khc nhau lu tr trong cc bng d liu. V d ta cn mt bng cha thng tin v l lch ca cn b, mt bng khc cha cc ti nguyn cu khoa hc ca cc cn b... Khi bt tay thit k CSDL, chng ta phi xc nh v phn tch cc thng tin mun lu tr thnh cc i tng ring r, sau bo cho H QTCSDL bit cc i tng lin quan vi nhau nh th no. Da vo cc quan h m H QTCSDL c th lin kt cc i tng v rt ra cc s liu tng hp cn thit. CC BC THIT K CSDL Bc 1: Xc nh mc tiu khai thc CSDL ca chng ta. iu ny quyt nh cc loi s kin chng ta s a vo MS Access.

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS Bc 2: Xc nh cc bng d liu cn thit. Mi i tng thng tin s hnh thnh mt bng trong CSDL ca chng ta. Bc 3: Sau khi xc nh xong cc bng cn thit, tip n ta phi ch r thng tin no cn qun l trong mi bng, l xc nh cc trng. Mi loi thng tin trong bng gi l trng. Mi mu in trong cng mt bng u c chung cu trc cc trng. V d: Trong l lch khoa hc cn b, nhng trng (thng tin) cn qun l l: H V TN, CHUYN MN, HC V, HC HM,... Bc 4: Xc nh cc mi quan h gia cc bng. Nhn vo mi bng d liu v xem xt d liu trong bng ny lin h th no vi d liu trong bng khc. Thm trng hoc to bng mi lm r mi quan h ny. y l vn ht sc quan trng, to c quan h tt s gip chng ta nhanh chng truy tm tm v kt xut d liu. Bc 5: Tinh ch, hiu chnh li thit k. Phn tch li thit k ban u tim li, to bng d liu v nhp vo vi bn ghi, th xem CSDL phn nh th no vi nhng yu cu truy xut ca chng ta, c rt c kt qu ng t nhng bng d liu khng. Thc hin cc chnh sa thit k nu thy cn thit. 2. KHI NIM V BNG Bng l ni cha d liu v mt i tng thng tin no nh SINH VIN, HA N,... Mi hng trong bng gi l mt bn ghi (record) cha cc ni dung ring ca i tng . Mi bn ghi ca mt bng u c chung cu trc, tc l cc trng (field). V d: Cho bng di y qun l l lch khoa hc cn b trong trng i hc, c cc trng MACB (M cn b), TRINHDOVH (Trnh vn ha), CHUYENMON (Chuyn mn),... Trong mt CSDL c th cha nhiu bng, thng mi bng lu tr nhiu thng tin (d liu) v mt i tng thng tin no , mi mt thng tin u c nhng kiu c trng ring, m vi Access n s c th thnh nhng kiu d liu ca cc trng.

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS 3. TO BNG MI TRONG C S D LIU Trong MS Access c hai cch to bng, mt l cch dng Table Wizard, nhng cc trng y MS Access t ng t tn v khng c bn tay can thip ca ngi s dng. y, s a ra cch to mi bng hon ton do ngi s dng. 3.1. To bng khng dng Table Wizard Trong ca s Database, chn tab Table (hoc Lnh View/Daatbase object - Table) Chn nt New, xut hin hp thoi Datasheet View: Trn mn hnh s xut hin mt bng trng vi cc trng (tiu ct) ln lt Field1, field2 Design View: Trn mn hnh xut hin ca s thit k bng, ngi s dng t thit k bng. Table Wizard: Thit k bng vi s tr gip ca MS Access Import table: Nhp cc bng v cc i tng t cc tp tin khc vo CSDL hin thi. Link table: To bng bng cch ni vo CSDL hin thi cc bng ca CSDL khc. Chn chc nng Design View, chn OK. 3.2. S dng Design View Field Name: Tn trng cn t (thng tin cn qun l) Data Type: Kiu d liu ca trng Desciption: M t trng, phn ny ch mang ngha lm r thng tin qun l, c th b qua trong khi thit k bng. Field properties: Cc thuc tnh ca trng Xc nh kho chnh ca bng (nu c) Xc nh thuc tnh ca bng, Lu bng d liu

t tn trng

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS Tn trng y khng nht thit phi c di hn ch v phi st nhau, m ta c th t tn trng ty nhng khng vt qu 64 k t k c k t trng. Lu rng, tn trng c th t di nn n d m t c thng tin qun l, nhng s kh khn hn khi ta dng cc pht biu SQL v lp trnh Access Basic. Do khi t tn trng ta nn t ngn gn, d gi nh v khng cha k t trng. Kiu d liu MS Access cung cp mt s kiu d liu c bn sau: Kiu d liu Text Memo Number Date/Time Currency D liu vo Vn bn Vn bn nhiu dng, trang S Ngy gi Tin t (S) ACCESS t ng tng ln mt Auto number Yes/No OLE Object khi mt bn ghi c to L lun (Boolean) i tng ca phn mm khc 4 byte 1 bit Ti a 1 giga byte Trng nhn gi tr do Lookup Wizard ngi dng chn t 1 bng khc hoc 1 danh sch gi tr nh trc Hyper link Lin kt cc URL Kch thc Ti a 255 byte Ti a 64000 bytes 1,2,4 hoc 8 byte 8 byte 8 byte

Quy nh thuc tnh, nh dng cho trng t thuc tnh l mt phn khng km quan trng, n quyt nh n d liu thc s lu gia trong bng, kim tra chnh xc d liu khi nhp vo, nh dng d liu

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS nhp vo ... Mi mt kiu d liu s c cc thuc tnh v cc c trng v khc nhau. Sau y l cc thuc tnh, nh dng ca cc kiu d liu. tng thm tc x l khi nhp d liu cng nh cc cng vic tm kim sau ny th vic quy nh d liu rt quan trng. Cc trng trong ACCESS c cc thuc tnh sau: 3.2.1. Field Size Quy nh kch thc ca trng v ty thuc vo tng kiu d liu Kiu Text: Chng ta quy nh di ti a ca chui. Kiu Number: C th chn mt trong cc loi sau: Byte: 0..255 Integer: -32768..32767 Long Integer: -3147483648.. 3147483647 Single:-3,4x1038..3,4x1038 (Ti a 7 s l) Double: -1.797x10308 ..1.797x10308 (Ti a 15 s l) Decimal Places Quy nh s ch s thp phn ( Ch s dng trong kiu Single v Double) i vi kiu Currency mc nh decimal places l 2 3.2.2. Format Quy nh dng hin th d liu, ty thuc vo tng kiu d liu. Kiu chui: Gm 3 phn <Phn 1>;<Phn 2>;<Phn 3> Trong : <Phn 1>: Chui nh dng tng ng trong trng hp c cha vn bn. <Phn 2>: Chui nh dng tng ng trong trng hp khng cha vn bn. <Phn 3>: Chui nh dng tng ng trong trng hp null

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS Cc k t dng nh dng chui K t @ > < Chui k t \<k t> Tc dch vu du lchng Chui k t i tt c k t nhp vo thnh in hoa i tt c k t nhp vo thnh in thng Chui k t gia 2 du nhy K t nm sau du \

[black] [White] [red] Hoc [<s>] Trong 0<=s<=56 V d Cch nh dng @@@-@@@@

Mu

D liu 123456 abcdef

Hin th 123-456 abc-def TINHOC Tinhoc Hin th chui Khng c Khng bit

> < @;Khng c;Khng bit

Tinhoc TINHOC Chui bt k Chui rng Gi tr trng (Null)

Kiu Number nh dng do ACCESS cung cp Dng General Number D liu 1234.5 Hin th 1234.5

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS Currency Fixed Standard Pecent Scientific 1234.5 1234.5 1234.5 0.825 1234.5 $1.234.50 1234 1,234.50 82.50% 1.23E+03

nh dng do ngi s dng <Phn 1>;<Phn 2>;<Phn 3>;<Phn 4> <Phn 1>:Chui nh dng tng ng trong trng hp s dng. <Phn 2>: Chui nh dng tng ng trong trng hp s m. <Phn 3>: Chui nh dng tng ng trong trng hp s bng zero. <Phn 4>: Chui nh dng tng ng trong trng hp null. Cc k t nh dng K t .(Period) ,(comma) 0 # $ % V d nh dng 0;(0);;Null Hin th S dng hin th bnh thng S m c bao gia 2 du ngoc S zero b b trng Null hin ch Null Tc dng Du chm thp phn Du phn cch ngn K t s (0-9) K t s hoc khong trng Du $ Phn trm

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS Hin th du + pha trc nu s dng +0.0;-0.0;0.0 Hin th du - pha trc nu s m Hin th 0.0 nu m hoc Null Kiu Date/Time Cc kiu nh dng do ACCESS cung cp Dng General date Long date Medium date Short date Long time Medium time Short time Cc k t nh dng K t : (colon) / d dd ddd W WW M MM q y Tc dng Du phn cch gi Du phn cch ngy Ngy trong thng (1-31) Ngy trong thng 01-31) Ngy trong tun (Sun -Sat0 Ngy trong tun (1-7) Tun trong nm (1-54) Thng trong nm (1-12) Thng trong nm (01-12) Qu trong nm (1-4) Ngy trong nm (1-366) Hin th 10/30/99 5:10:30PM Friday, may 30 , 1999 30-jul-1999 01/08/99 6:20:00 PM 6:20 PM 18:20

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS yy h n s V d nh dng Ddd,mmm d,yyyy Mm/dd/yyyy Kiu Yes/No Cc kiu nh dng nh dng Yes/No True/False On/Off Tc dng ng/Sai ng/Sai ng/Sai Hin th Mon,jun 2, 1998 01/02/1998 Nm (01-99) Gi (0-23) Pht (0-59) Giy (0-59)

nh dng do ngi s dng: Gm 3 phn <Phn 1>;<Phn 2>;<Phn 3> Trong : <Phn 1>: B trng <Phn 2>: Trng hp gi tr trng ng <Phn 3>: Trng hp gi tr trng sai V d nh dng ;Nam;Nu Hin th Trng hp True Nam Trng hp False Nu

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS ;co;Khong Co Khong

3.2.3. Input mask (Mt n) Thuc tnh ny dng quy nh mt n nhp d liu cho mt trng. Cc k t nh dng trong input mask K t 0 9 # L ? a A & C < > ! \<K t> V d D liu nhp vo (054)828-8282 (123)124-E Tc dng Bt buc nhp k t s Khng bt buc nhp, k t s Khng bt buc nhp, s 0-9, khong trng, du + v Bt buc nhp, k t ch Khng bt buc nhp, k t ch hoc khong trng Bt buc nhp, k t ch hoc s Khng bt buc nhp, k t ch hoc s Bt buc nhp, k t bt k Khng bt buc nhp k t bt k Cc k t bn phi c i thnh ch thng Cc k t bn phi c i thnh ch hoa D liu c ghi t phi sang tri K t theo sau \ s c a thng vo

Input mask (000)000-0000 (000)AAA-A

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS Ch : Nu mun cc k t g vo quy nh thuc tnh input mask l password (Khi nhp d liu vo ti cc v tr xut hin du *). 3.2.4. Caption Quy nh nhn l mt chui k t s xut hin ti dng tiu ca bng. Chui k t ny cng xut hin ti nhn cc ca cc iu khin trong cc biu mu hoc bo co. 3.2.5. Default value Quy nh gi tr mc nh cho trng tr Auto number v OEL Object 3.2.6. Validation rule v Validation Text Quy nh quy tc hp l d liu (Validation rule) gii hn gi tr nhp vo cho mt trng. Khi gii hn ny b vi phm s c cu thng bo Validation text. Cc php ton c tht dng trong Validation rule

Cc php ton Php so snh Php ton logic Php ton v chui

Php ton >, <, >=, <=, =, <> Or, and , not Like

Tc dng Hoc, v, ph nh Ging nh

Ch : Nu hng trong biu thc l kiu ngy th nn t gia 2 du #.

V d

Validation rule <>0 Like *HUE* <#25/07/76# >=#10/10/77# and <=#12/11/77# Khc s khng

Tc dng Trong chui phi cha HUE Trc ngy 25/07/76 Trong khong t 10/10/77 n 12/12/77

3.2.7. Required

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS C th quy nh thuc tnh ny bt buc hay khng bt buc nhp d liu cho trng. Required Yes No Tc dng Bt buc nhp d liu Khng bt buc nhp d liu

3.2.8. AllowZeroLength Thuc tnh ny cho php quy nh mt trng c kiu Text hay memo c th hoc khng c th c chui c di bng 0.

Ch : Cn phn bit mt trng cha gi tr null ( cha c d liu) v mt trng

cha chui c di bng 0 ( C d liu nhng chui rng ). AllowZeroLength Yes No Tc dng Chp nhn chui rng Khng chp nhn chui rng

3.2.9. Index Quy nh thuc tnh ny to ch mc trn mt trng. Nu chng ta lp ch mc th vic tm kim d liu nhanh hn v tin hn. Index Yes( Dupplicate OK) Yes(No Dupplicate ) No 3.2.10. New value Thuc tnh ny ch i vi d liu kiu auto number, quy nh cch thc m trng t ng in s khi thm bn ghi mi vo. New value Increase Random Tc dng Tng dn Ly s ngu nhin Tc dng To ch mc c trng lp To ch mc khng trng lp Khng to ch mc

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS

4. THIT LP KHO CHNH (primary key) 4.1. Khi nim kho chnh Sc mnh ca mt H QTCSDL nh Microsoft Access, l kh nng mau chng truy tm v rt d liu t nhiu bng khc nhau trong CSDL. h thng c th lm c iu ny mt cch hiu qu, mi bng trong CSDL cn c mt trng hoc mt nhm cc trng c th xc nh duy nht mt bn ghi trong s rt nhiu bn ghi ang c trong bng. y thng l mt m nhn din nh M nhn vin hay S Bo Danh ca hc sinh. Theo thut ng CSDL trng ny c gi l kha chnh (primary key) ca bng. MS Access dng trng kha chnh kt ni d liu nhanh chng t nhiu bng v xut ra kt qu yu cu. Nu trong bng chng ta c mt trng sao cho ng vi mi tr thuc trng chng ta xc nh duy nht mt bn ghi ca bng, chng ta c th dng trng lm trng kha ca bng. T cho ta thy rng tt c cc tr trong trng kha chnh phi khc nhau. Chng hn ng dng tn ngi lm trng kha v tn trng l khng duy nht. Nu khng tm c m nhn din cho bng no , chng ta c th dng mt trng kiu Autonunter (v d S Th T) lm trng kha chnh. Khi chn trng lm kha chnh chng ta lu my im sau: MS Access khng chp nhn cc gi tr trng nhau hay trng (null) trong trng kha chnh. Chng ta s dng cc gi tr trong trng kha chnh truy xut cc bn ghi trong CSDL, do cc gi tr trong trng ny khng nn qu di v kh nh v kh g vo. Kch thc ca kha chnh nh hng n tc truy xut CSDL. t hiu qu ti u, dng kch thc nh nht xc nh mi gi tr cn a vo trng. 4.2. Cch t kho chnh

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS Ta c th t chn trng lm kha chnh cho bng bng cc bc sau y: M bng ch Design View Nhp chn trng cn t Thc hin lnh Edit - Primary Key hoc nhp chn nt mc ny . ch : Khng phi mi trng u c th lm kha chnh, m ch c cc trng c cc kiu d liu khng phi l Memo v OLE Object., Hyper Link. hy b kha chnh hoc cc thit lp th thc hin lnh View - Indexes, trong hp thoi ny chn v xa i nhng trng kha thit lp: trn thanh cng c ca

5. LU BNG Sau khi thit k xong, ta tin hnh lu bng vo CSDL, c th thc hin mt trong hai thao tc sau: Thc hin lnh File - Save. Nhp chn nt 6. HIU CHNH BNG 6.1. Di chuyn trng: Cc thao tc di chuyn th t cc trng a con tr ra u trng n khi con tr chut chuyn thnh th nhp chn. a con tr ra u trng va chn, nhn v ko nv tr mi. 6.2. Chen trng : Cc thao tc ln lt nh sau Chn trng hin thi l trng s nm sau trng c chen vo Thc hin lnh Insert/ Row trn thanh cng c ca mc ny (Table Design)

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS 6.3. Xa trng: Cc thao tc ln lt nh sau Chn trng cn xa Thc hin lnh Edit - Delete Rows 6.4. Quy nh thuc tnh ca bng M bng ch Design View, chn View/Properties Description: Dng m t bng Validation Rule: Quy tc hp l d liu cho ton bng. Validation Text: Thng bo li khi d liu khng hp l. 7. XEM THNG TIN V B SUNG BN GHI 7.1. Xem thng tin ch datasheet Mun xem thng tin trong mt bng chng ta phi chuyn bng sang mt ch hin th khc gi l Datasheet. Trong ch hin th ny, mi bn ghi c th hin trn mt hng ngang, hng u tin l cc tn trng. Sau y l cc cch chuyn sang ch hin th Datasheet: Trong ca s Database ca CSDL ang m, nhp chn tab Table. Trong mc ny chn bng cn hin th ri chn nt Open, bng s c m b sung v chnh sa d liu. Ta c th chuyn sang ch Datasheet ngay khi ang trong ch Design, bng cch nhp chn nt th bng s chuyn sang ch Datasheet, quay tr v ch . Hoc chn lnh View - /Design View.

Design, ta nhp chn li nt

7.2. B sung bn ghi cho bng Sau khi hon thnh cng vic thit k cu trc bng, ta tin hnh nhp d liu, tc l b sung cc bn ghi, cho bng. Hin th bng ch hin th Datasheet, mi hng i din cho mt bn ghi. y c cc k hiu chng ta cn bit cng dng ca chng

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS Bn ghi hin thi Bn ghi ang nhp d liu Bn ghi mi 7.2.1. B sung bn ghi mi cho CSDL ang ng ti mt bn ghi no (khng phi l bn ghi mi), chn nt thanh cng c. Hoc thc hin lnh Record - Go To - New. 7.2.2. Di chuyn gia cc bn ghi Ta c th di chuyn qua li gi cc bn ghi bng cch dng cng c Chn la bn ghi (Record Selector). trn

7.2.3. Nhp d liu cho bn ghi Khi ang nhp d liu cho mt bn ghi no , th u hng ca bn ghi xut hin biu tng . T hp phm Tab Shift Tab Home End Ctrl Home Ctrl End Shift F2 Tc dng Sang k tip Sang pha trc n u dng n cui dng n bn ghi u tin n bn ghi cui cng Zoom

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS Theo chun, khi nhp d liu th Access s ly font mc nh l MS San Serif, iu ny c th gip cho ta hin th c ting Vit ch khi MS San Serif l ca VietWare hoc ca ABC. khng ph thuc vo iu ny, ta nn chn font trc khi tin hnh nhp d liu. Trong ch hin th Datasheet, thc hin lnh Format - Font... Khi nhp d liu l trng cho trng OLE Object, ta thc hin nh sau: Lnh Edit - Object... 7.2.4. Chn cc bn ghi nh du chn bn ghi: Chn Edit/Select Record: chn bn ghi hin hnh Chn Edit/ Select all Record chn ton b 7.2.5. Xa bn ghi Chn cc bn ghi cn xa, sau thc hin lnh Edit - Delete (hoc nhn phm DELETE) . 8. THIT LP QUAN H GIA CC BNG 8.1. Cc loi quan h trong c s d liu ACCESS 8.1.1. Quan h mt -mt (1-1) Trong quan h mt -mt, mi bn ghi trong bng A c tng ng vi mt bn ghi trong bng B v ngc li mi bn ghi trong bng B c tng ng duy nht mt bn ghi trong bng A. V d: Cho 2 bng d liu Bng Danhsach(Masv, ten, Ngaysinh, gioitinh) v bng Diemthi(Masv, diem)

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS Ten An Bnh Thu Lan Hng Ngaysinh 20/10/77 21/07/80 02/12/77 03/04/80 12/11/77 Gioitinh Masv Yes No Yes No No A001 A002 A003 A004 A005 Masv A001 A002 A003 A004 A005 diem 9 7 9 4 5

Bng Danhsach v diemthi c mi quan h 1-1 da trn trng Masv. 8.1.2. Quan h mt nhiu ( 1- ) L mi quan h ph bin nht trong CSDL, trong quan h mt nhiu : Mt bn ghi trong bng A s c th c nhiu bn ghi tng ng trong bng B, nhng ngc li mt bn ghi trong bng B c duy nht mt bn ghi tng ng trong bng A. V d: Trong mt khoa ca mt trng hc no c nhiu sinh vin, nhng mt sinh vin thuc mt khoa nht nh. Ta c 2 bng d liu nh sau: Bng Danhsachkhoa(Makhoa, tenkhoa, sodthoai) Bng danhsachsv(Makhoa, Ten, Quequan, lop)

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS Tenkhoa Sodthoai Makhoa CNTT TON L 826767 878787 868785 01 02 03 Makhoa 01 01 02 02 03 03 Ten Thanh Tng Thu Hng Lan Hng Queuqan Lop Hu Qbnh Hu N Hu N K23 K24 K25 K26 K25 K26

Bng Danhsachkhoa v bng danhsachsv c mi quan h 1- da trn trng Makhoa. 8.3. Quan h nhiu nhiu( - ) Trong quan h nhiu nhiu, mi bn ghi trong bng A c th c khng hoc nhiu bn ghi trong bng B v ngc li mi bn ghi trong bng B c th c khng hoc nhiu bn ghi trong bng A. Khi gp mi quan h nhiu- nhiu khng gy nn s trng lp v d tha d liu th ngi ta tch quan h nhiu-nhiu thnh 2 quan h mt-nhiu bng cch to ra mt bng ph cha kha chnh ca 2 bng . V d: Mt gio vin c th dy cho nhiu trng v mt trng c nhiu gio vin tham gia ging dy. y l mt mi quan h nhiu-nhiu Bng Danhsachgv(Magv,ten) Bng Danhsachtruong(Matruong, Tentruong) To ra bng Phancongday(Magv, matruong) Ten Thanh Thu Hng Magv G1 G2 G3 Magv G1 G1 G2 G2 Matruong KH SP YK SP Matruong tentruong KH SP YK DHKH DHSP DHYK

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS G3 G3 KH YK

Bng Danhsachgv v bng Phancongday c mi quan h 1- da trn trng Magv. Bng Danhsachtruong v bng Phancongday c mi quan h 1- da trn trng Matruong. 8.4. Thit lp mi quan h gia cc bng d liu (Relationships) Ti ca s Database, thc hin lnh Tools/Relationship

Trong ca s Show Table chn Table v chn cc bng cn thit lp quan h, sau chn Add v Close. Ko trng lin kt ca bng quan h vo trng ca bng c quan h (Table related).

Bt chc nng Enforce Referential Integrity ( Nu mun quan h ny b rng buc tham chiu ton vn), chn mi quan h (one-many) hoc (one-one). Chn nt Create.

Ch
Quan h c tnh tham chiu ton vn s m bo cc vn sau: Khi nhp d liu cho trng tham gia quan h bn nhiu th phi tn ti bn mt.

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS Khng th xo mt bn ghi ca bng bn mt nu trong quan h tn ti nhng bn ghi bn nhiu c quan h vi bn ghi bn mt . Trng hp vi phm cc quy tc trn th s nhn c thng bo li. 8.4.1. Thit lp thuc tnh tham chiu ton vn trong quan h Trong khi chn mi quan h gia cc bng, c 2 thuc tnh tham chiu ton vn l Cascade update related fields, Cascade Delete related records, c thit lp 2 thuc tnh ny. Nu chn thuc tnh Cascade update related fields, khi d liu trn kho chnh ca bng bn mt thay i th Access s t ng cp nht s thay i vo cc trng tng ng (c quan h) trn cc bng bn Nhiu, hay ni cch khc, d liu bng bn nhiu cng thay i theo. Nu chn thuc tnh Cascade Delete related records, khi d liu trn bng bn mt b xo th d liu trn bng bn nhiu cng s b xo.. 8.4.2. Kiu kt ni (Join type) Trong qu trnh thit lp quan h gia cc bng, nu khng chn nt Create, chn nt join type chn kiu lin kt Mc 1: Lin kt ni (Inner join) Mc 2 v mc 3 l lin kt ngoi (outer join) 8.4.3. iu chnh cc mi quan h M ca s quan h (Tools/Relationship) Click chut phi, chn edit relationship 8.4.4. Xo cc mi quan h M ca s quan h (Tools/Relationship) Chn mi quan h gia cc bng, nhn delete. 9. SP XP V LC D LIU 9.1. Mt s php ton v hm 9.1.1. Mt s php ton K t thay th: K t ? : Thay th cho mt k t bt k * : Thay th cho mt dy cc k t.

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS Php ton Like: Ging nh In: Kim tra mt gi tr c thuc mt tp cc gi tr hay khng? Is Null: Gi tr ca mt trng l Null. Is not Null:Gi tr ca mt trng l khng Null. Between.....and: Kim tra xem mt gi tr c thuc mt "on" no hay khng? 9.1.2. Mt s hm Hm Left$(<Chui>,<n>): Trch bn tri chui n k t. Hm Right$(<Chui>,<n>): Trch bn phi chui n k t. Hm Ucase(<Chui>): Tr li mt chui in hoa. Hm Lcase(<Chui>): Tr li mt chui in thng. Hm IIF(<iu kin>,<Gi tr 1>,< Gi tr 2>): Nu <iu kin> nhn gi tr true th hm tr li <Gi tr 1>, ngc li hm tr li <Gi tr 2>. 9.2. Sp xp d liu 9.2.1. sp xp trn mt trng t con tr ti trung cn sp xp Thc hin lnh Records/ Sort/ Sort Ascending (Nu sp xp tng dn) / Sort Descending (Nu sp xp gim dn) 9.2.2. sp xp trn nhiu trng M bng trong ch Datasheet ri thc hin lnh Records/ Filter/ Advanced Filter sort

Trong hng Field: Chn cc trng cn sp xp (Th t u tin t tri sang phi) Trong hng Sort: Chn tiu chun sp xp. Trong hng Criteria: Chn iu kin sp xp (nu c).

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS Xem kt qu.: Chn Filter/Apply filter. 9.3. Lc d liu M bng trong ch Datasheet ri thc hin lnh Records/ Filter/ Advanced Filter sort

Trong hng Field: Chn cc trng lm tiu chun lc d liu Trong hng Criterie: Chn tiu chun lc d liu. Thc hin lnh Filter/ Apply filter sort xem kt qu..

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS Chng 3 TRUY VN (QUERY)

Sc mnh thc s ca CSDL l kh nng tm ng v y thng tin m chng ta cn bit, trnh by d liu sp xp theo mun. p ng yu cu trn, Acces cung cp mt cng c truy vn cho php t cu hi vi d liu ang cha bn trong cc bng trong CSDL. 1. KHI NIM TRUY VN Truy vn l mt cng c cho php t cu hi vi d liu trong bng d liu trong CSDL. Loi truy vn thng dng nht l truy vn chn (Select Query ). Vi kiu truy vn ny chng ta c th xem xt d liu trong cc bng, thc hin phn tch v chnh sa trn d liu , c th xem thng tin t 1 bng hoc c th thm nhiu trng t nhiu bng khc nhau. V d: Cho 2 bng d liu KHOHANG (MAHANG, TENHANG, GIA) BANHANG(MAHANG, TENKHACH, SOLUONG, NGAYMUA). Hy hin th nhng khch hng mua hng trong thng 7 bao gm cc thng tin: MAHANG, TENHANG, GIA, TENKHACH. Sau khi thc hin truy vn, d liu tha mn yu cu c rt ra v tp hp vo mt bng kt qa gi l Dynaset (Dynamic set). Dynaset cng hot ng nh 1 bng (Table) nhng n khng phi l bng vfa kt qu khi hin th c th cho php sa i. Mt loi bng th hin kt qu truy vn khc l Snapshot, n tng t nh dynaset tuy nhin khng th sa i thng tin ( Nh truy vn Crosstab....). 1.1. Cc loi truy vn trong Access Select Query : Truy vn chn Crosstab Query : Truy vn tham kha cho (Th hin dng v ct) Action Query : Truy vn hnh ng gm Truy vn to bng (make table Query )

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS Truy vn ni (append Query ) Truy vn cp nht ( Update Query ) Truy vn xa d liu ( Delete Query ) SQL Query : Truy vn c vit bi ngn ng SQL. Pass throught Query : Gi cc lnh n mt CSDL SQL nh Microsoft SQL server. 1.2. S cn thit ca truy vn Khi ng trc mt vn no trong CSDL, nu s dng cng c truy vn th c th thc hin c cc yu cu sau: S la chn cc trng cn thit. La chn nhng bn ghi. Sp xp th t cc bn ghi. Ly d liu cha trn nhiu bng khc nhau trong CSDL. Thc hin cc php tnh. S dng truy vn lm ngun d liu cho mt biu mu (Form), bo co (report) hoc mt truy vn khc (Query ). Thay i d liu trong bng.

2. CC CH HIN TH TRUY VN 2.1. Ca s thit k truy vn (Design view). Trong ch ny, ngi s dng c th to, sa cha mt truy vn no . Mn hnh truy vn cha hai phn, phn th nht cha cc bng (hoc truy vn) tham gia truy vn, phn th hai gi l vng li QBE (Query By Example). 2.2. Ca s hin th truy vn (DataSheet view). S dng ch ny xem kt qu. 2.3. Ca s lnh SQL (SQL view).

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS S dng ch ny xem m lnh ca truy vn ang to 3. TO TRUY VN 3.1.To mi 1 truy vn T ca s Database, click vo i tng Queries. Chn nt New. Chn Design View, chn OK

Trong bng Show Table chn tables hin th cc bng, chn cc bng tham gia vo truy vn v nhn nt Add, sau nhn Close. (Nu chn Queries th hin th truy vn, chn both th hin th c truy vn v bng d liu). a cc trng t cc bng vo tham gia truy vn bng cch ko cc trng v th vo hng Field trong vng li QBE. Trong hng Sort: Sp xp d liu (nu c) Trong hng Criteria t tiu chun (nu c) Lu truy vn.

Ch
Mi truy vn c: Ti a l 32 bng tham gia. Ti a l 255 trng. Kch thc ti a ca bng d liu (do truy vn to ra) l 1 gigabyte. S trng dng lm kha sp xp ti a l 10. S truy vn lng nhau ti a l 50 cp. S k t ti a trong ca vng li l 1024. S k t ti a trong dng lnh SQL l 64000. S k t ti a trong tham s l 255. 3.2. Thay i th t, xa cc trng

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS Cc trng trong truy vn s hin th theo th t nh xut hin trong vng li QBE. 3.2.1.Thay i th t ca trng a con tr vo thanh chn sao cho con tr bin thnh hnh mi tn tr xung Click chn trng Drag thay i v tr. 3.2.2.xo trng a con tr vo thanh chn sao cho con tr bin thnh hnh mi tn tr xung Click chn trng Nhn phm delete (Nu mun xo tt c cc trng trong vng li QBE: chn Edit/clear grid) 3.3. Th hin hoc che du tn bng trong vng li QBE Mun bit tn trng hin ti trong vng li QBE l ca tn bng no, ti ch Design View ngi s dng thc hin View/tables name. 3.4. Xem kt qu ca truy vn. Ti ca s Database chn tn truy vn ri chn Open, hoc trong khi thit k truy vn thc hin lnh View/datasheet View. 3.5. i tiu ct trong truy vn. i tn tiu ct trong truy vn mc ch l lm cho bng kt xut d c hn (Tr khi quy nh thuc tnh Caption). Mun i tn tiu ct thc hin theo cc bc sau: M truy vn ch Design View Chn vo bn tri k t u tin ca tn trng trong vng li QBE G vo tn mi, theo sau l du 2 chm (:). V d:

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS 3.6. nh th t sp xp C th s dng nhanh trong ch datasheet View . C th to sp xp trong khi thit k truy vn bng cch chn Ascending (tng dn) hoc Descending (gim dn) trong hng Sort ca vng li QBE .

Ch : Nu c nhiu trng nh v sp xp th theo th t u tin t tri sang phi.

3.7. Che du hay th hin cc trng trong Dynaset Ti hng Show ng vi trng cn che du chng ta khng chn mt d n vn tn ti, vn tham gia truy vn.

3.8. Mi quan h gia thuc tnh ca trng trong truy vn v trong bng d liu Theo mc nhin, cc trng trong truy vn k tha tt c cc thuc tnh ca trng trong bng lm ngun d liu. Nu khng quy nh li trong truy vn, cc trng trong Dynaset hoc snapshot lun k tha cc thuc tnh ca bng lm ngun d liu. Nu thay i thit k trong bng lm ngun d liu v thay i thuc tnh ca cc trng th thuc tnh ny cng c thay i trong truy vn. Tuy nhin, nu quy nh li cc thuc tnh cho cc trng trong truy vn th cc thuc tnh ca cc trng trong bng lm ngun d liu khng thay i. 4. THIT K TRUY VN CHN 4.1. nh ngha truy vn chn Truy vn chn l loi truy vn c chn la, rt trch d liu t cc bng d liu tha mn mt hoc nhiu iu kin no . Khi thc hin truy vn chn, Access tc ng ln d liu v th hin cc bn ghi tho mn cc iu kin t ra trong mt bng kt qu gi l Recordset.

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS 4.2. Lp php chn trong truy vn 4.2.1. Chn mt nhm cc bn ghi tha mn mt iu kin no Mun thc hin cc php chn trong khi th hin truy vn ngi ta thng s dng cc php ton sau: Php ton < > >= <> = Between... and .. V d: Cho 2 bng d liu Dslop(Malop, Tenlop, Nganh_hoc, khoahoc) Dssv(Masv, malop, hotensv, ngaysinh, quequan, giotinh, hocbong) To mt truy vn hin th danh sch nhng sinh vin c ngaysinh trong khong th i gian t 05/05/75 n 05/05/79 bao gm cc trng: Tenlop, Hotensv, Ngaysinh, nganh_hoc. To truy vn chn v a 2 bng dslop v dssv vo tham gia truy vn a cc trng Tenlop, hotensv, ngaysinh, nganh_hoc vo vng li QBE Trong hng Criteria ca trng Ngaysinh: Between #05/05/75# and #05/05/79# V d <#20/10/99# >#10/10/98# >= #05/05/90# <>#01/01/99# = #10/10/97# Between #1/2/97# and #1/7/97# ngha Trc ngy 20/10/99 Sau ngy 10/10/98 Sau v trong ngy 05/05/90 Khc ngy 01/01/99 Trong ngy 10/10/97 T ngy 1/2/97 n 1/7/97

4.2.2. K t thay th K t * K t ? K t [ ] : Thay th mt nhm k t bt k. : Thay th 1 k t. : Thay th cc k t trong ngoc vung.

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS K t ! K t V d Cho 2 bng d liu Dslop(Malop, Tenlop, Nganh_hoc, khoahoc) Dssv(Masv, malop, hotensv, ngaysinh, quequan, giotinh, hocbong) To mt truy vn hin th danh sch nhng sinh vin c Tenlop bt u l "T" bao gm cc trng: Tenlop, Hotensv, Ngaysinh, nganh_hoc. To truy vn chn v a 2 bng dslop v dssv vo tham gia truy vn a cc trng Tenlop, hotensv, ngaysinh, nganh_hoc vo vng li QBE Trong hng Criteria ca trng Tenlop: Like "T*" : Ph nh. : T k t n k t.

4.2.3. Chn cc bn ghi khng ph hp vi mt gi tr no Dng ton t Not V d: To mt truy vn hin th danh sch nhng sinh vin c Tenlop khng bt u l "T" bao gm cc trng: Tenlop, Hotensv, Ngaysinh, nganh_hoc.

4.2.4. nh nhiu tiu chun trong la chn Dng php V v php Hoc trong mt trng Mun quy nh nhiu tiu chun trong cng mt trng, chng ta phi s dng ton t AND (v ) cng ton t OR (hoc).

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS V d: To mt truy vn hin th danh sch nhng sinh vin c H l " Nguyn" v Tn "Thu" bao gm cc trng: Tenlop, Hotensv, Ngaysinh. To truy vn chn v a 2 bng dslop v dssv vo tham gia truy vn a cc trng Tenlop, hotensv, ngaysinh vo vng li QBE Trong hng Criteria ca trng Hotensv : Like "Nguyn *" and "* Thu"

Dng php V v php Hoctrn nhiu trng V d: To mt truy vn hin th danh sch nhng sinh vin c H l "Nguyn" v tn "Thu" v c qu qun "Hu" bao gm cc trng: Tenlop, Hotensv, ngaysinh Quequan. To truy vn chn v a 2 bng dslop v dssv vo tham gia truy vn a cc trng Tenlop, hotensv, ngaysinh, quequan vo vng li QBE Trong hng Criteria ca trng Hotensv : Like "Nguyn *" and "* Thu" Quequan : Hu

To mt truy vn hin th danh sch nhng sinh vin c H l " L" hoc c qu qun " Nng bao gm cc trng: Tenlop, Hotensv, Ngaysinh, Quequan. To truy vn chn v a 2 bng dslop v dssv vo tham gia truy vn

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS a cc trng Tenlop, hotensv, ngaysinh , Quequanvo vng li QBE Trong hng Criteria ca trng Hotensv : Like "L *" Trong hng or ca trng Quequan : Nng

4.2.5. Chn cc bn ghi c cha c gi tr Chng ta c th chn cc bn ghi c cha hoc khng cha gi tr, chng hn nh tm nhng sinh vin m khng c s in thoi nh . Access cung cp 2 php ton Php ton IS NULL IS NOT NULL V d: To mt truy vn hin th danh sch nhng sinh vin khng c hc bng bao gm cc trng: Tenlop, Hotensv, hocbong. ngha Trng khng cha gi tr Trng c cha gi tr

4.2.6. Chn cc bn ghi thuc danh sch cc gi tr no Chng ta c th s dng php ton IN (Danh sch gi tr) V d To mt truy vn hin th danh sch nhng sinh vin thuc lp "Tin K23" hoc "Tin K24" hoc "Tin K25" bao gm cc trng: Tenlop, Hotensv, hocbong.

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS

4.2.7. Tham chiu n cc trng khc Nu trong biu thc chn ca truy vn, cc tnh ton tham chiu n cc trng phi t trong du [ ], trng hp tham chiu n trng ca bng khc phi ch r bng ngun ca n. [Tn bng]![Tn trng]. 4.2.8. To trng kiu biu thc V d Cho 2 bng d liu Dssv( Masv, hotensv, ngaysinh, quequan, gioitinh) Dsdiem( Masv, mamon, diem_lan1, diem_lan2) To truy vn hin th cc thng tin: Hotensv, mamon, diem_lan1, diem_lan2, dtb, trong dtb=(diem_lan1+ diem_lan2*2)/3.

Ch
Sau khi thc hin truy vn chng ta khng th thay i gi tr trong trng kiu biu thc, tuy nhin nu thay i gi tr trong trng tham gia biu thc th kt qu trong trng kiu biu thc cng thay i theo. 4.2.9 .Chn gi tr duy nht Theo mc nh, access s chn tt c cc bn ghi tho mn iu kin, tuy nhin i khi c nhiu gi tr ging nhau c lp i lp li, do c ng d liu th chng ta c th quy nh thuc tnh duy nht trong khi hin th Thuc tnh Unique-values Chn Yes: Khng th hin cc gi tr trng nhau

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS Chn No: Th hin cc gi tr trng nhau Thuc tnh Unique-Records Chn Yes: Khng th hin cc bn ghi trng nhau Chn No: Th hin cc bn ghi trng nhau 4.2.10. Chn cc gi tr u Khi hin th truy vn i khi chng ta mun hin th mt s bn ghi u tin no tho mn cc iu kin th s dng thuc tnh Top values. 5. TRUY VN DA TRN NHIU BNG D LIU to truy vn da trn nhiu bng d liu th cc bng phi c thit lp mi quan h, nu cc bng khng thit lp mi quan h th khi truy vn d liu access s cho ra nhng b d liu l tch -Cc gia cc b d liu trong cc bng. 5.1. Lin kt cc bng trong truy vn Khi cc bng d liu c thit lp mi quan h th trng ni vi nhau gi l trng lin kt, trong access phn bit 3 loi lin kt sau 5.1.1. Lin kt ni (Inner join) y l loi lin kt rt ph bin nht gia 2 bng d liu. Trong d liu khi th hin trn Dynaset s gm nhng bn ghi m d liu cha trong trng lin kt hai bng phi ging nhau hon ton. 5.1.2. Lin kt ngoi (Outer join) y l loi lin kt cho php d liu th hin trn Dynaset ca mt trong hai bng tham gia c ni dung trng lin kt khng ging ni dung trong trng tng ng ca bng cn li. Lin kt ngoi c chia lm hai loi Left Outer Join: Trong kiu lin kt ny, d liu bng bn "1" th hin ton b trn Dynaset v ch nhng bn ghi bn bng "nhiu" c ni dung trong trng lin kt ging trng tng ng bn bng "1".

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS Right Outer Join: Trong kiu lin kt ny, d liu bng bn "nhiu" th hin ton b trn Dynaset v ch nhng bn ghi bn bng "1" c ni dung trong trng lin kt ging trng tng ng bn bng "nhiu". 5.1.3. T lin kt (Seft join) L kiu lin kt ca mt bng d liu vi chnh n. Trong mt bn ghi trong bng d liu s lin kt vi nhng bn ghi khc trong bng d liu . T lin kt c th hiu nh l lin kt ni hay lin kt ngoi t mt bng vo mt bng sao chnh n. thc hin vic to t lin kt chng ta phi a mt bng vo tham gia truy vn 2 ln. 5.2.To lin kt ngoi Mun to lin kt ngoi gia 2 bng d liu ta thc hin Tools/Relationships Double click vo ng lin kt gia 2 bng d liu, chn Join Type

Trong hp thoi Join Properties chn mc 2 hoc mc 3. 5.3.To mt t lin kt to mt t lin kt chng ta thc hin To truy vn mi v a bng d liu vo truy vn 2 ln To cc lin kt V d: Cho bng Dsdiem(Masv, Hoten, Diem_lan1, Diem_lan2) To truy vn hin th danh sch nhng sinh vin c im thi Ln 1 bng im thi ln 2... To truy vn mi v a bng Dsdiem vo tham gia truy vn 2 ln To lin kt ni (Inner join) gia 2 trng Masv

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS To lin kt ni t trng Diem_lan1 vo Diem_lan2 a cc trng vo vng li QBE v xem kt qu

5.3. T ng tm kim d liu (Auto lookup) Khi nhp d liu vo Dynaset, chc nng t ng tm kim d liu cho php chng ta ch nhp d liu cc trng ca bng bn "nhiu" ( quan h 1-) cn Acces s t ng tm kim d liu tng ng trn bng "1" hin th. Chc nng Auto Lookup hot ng trong cc truy vn m hai bng tham gia c mi quan h 1-. To mt truy vn c s dng chc nng Auto Lookup chng ta thc hin: To truy vn v a 2 bng vo tham gia truy vn a trng lin kt cu bng bn nhiu vo vng li QBE a cc trng cn hin th d liu ca bng bn "1".

Ch : Khi nhp d liu ch nhp d liu cc trng ca bng "nhiu"

6. TNH TNG TRONG TRUY VN CHN Trong thc t, chng ta thng c nhng cu hi t ra v vic nhm d liu no , chng hn trong thng 10 cng ty xng du XYZ bn c bao nhiu lt xng, tng thnh tin bao nhiu? Trong Access chng ta c th thc hin mt s php tnh ln mt nhm bn ghi bng cch dng truy vn tnh tng Mt s php ton thng s dng Php ton ngha Tnh tng cc gi tr ca mt trng Tnh gi tr trung bnh ca mt trng

Sum Avg

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS Min Max Count First Last Where Expression Tnh gi tr nh nht ca mt trng Tnh gi tr ln nht ca mt trng m s gi tr khc rng c trong mt trng Gi tr ca trng bn ghi u tin trong bng Gi tr ca trng bn ghi cui cng trong bng Gii hn iu kin khi tnh tng Trng kiu biu thc

Ch : Khi thc hin truy vn Total, d liu trong bng kt qu ca n trnh by khng
th chnh sa. 6.1. To truy vn tnh tng To truy vn chn v a cc bng vo tham gia truy vn Thc hin lnh: View/Totals Trong vng li QBE: Ti hng Field chn cc trng Total chn cc php ton tng ng. Criteria: Chn iu kin gii hn tnh tng (Nu c) Lu v thc hin truy vn

6.2. Tnh tng ca tt c cc bn ghi To truy vn chn. a cc bng cn thit vo truy vn. a cc trng cn thit vo vng li QBE Chn menu View/Totals, dng Total s xut hin trn vng li.

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS Trong hng total ca mi trng chn phng php tnh tng (Sum, Avg, count...). V ang tnh tng ca tt c cc bn ghi nn khng c php chn Group by bt k trng no. Chuyn sang DataSheet View xem kt qu. (View/ Datasheet View) V d: qun l cc mt hng bn ra trong mt ca hng ngi ta s dng 2 bng d liu nh sau: Dshang( Mahang, tenhang, dongia) Dskhach(Mahang, tenkhach, ngaymua, diachi, soluong, thanhtien) To truy vn thng k xem trong ca hng bn bao nhiu mt hng v trung bnh n gi ca mi mt hng l bao nhiu? To truy vn v a bng Dshang vo tham gia truy vn a 2 trng Mahang v dongia vo vng li QBE. Chn View/Totals Trong hng Total ca trng Mahang chn php ton Count Trong hng Total ca trng Dongia chn php ton Avg Chn View/Datasheet View xem kt qu.

Ch : C th m s bn ghi bng cch dng Count(*)

6.3. Tnh tng trn tng nhm bn ghi

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS Trong nhiu trng hp chng ta c th tnh ton trn mt nhm bn ghi no . Chng ta quy nh khi thit k truy vn nhng trng no s c tnh theo nhm, trng no s c tnh tng. To truy vn a cc bng tham gia vo truy vn a cc trng vo vng li Chn View/Totals Ti hng total Chn Group by cho trng lm kha nhm Chn cc php ton tnh tng ( Sum,count..) cho cc trng cn li Chn View/Datasheet View xem kt qu. V d: To mt truy vn tnh tng soluong, thanhtien ca mi mt hng bn c l bao nhiu? To truy vn v a 2 bng dshang v dskhach vo tham gia truy vn Chn View/Totals a cc trng Tenhang, soluong, thanhtien vo vng li QBE. Ti hng Total ca trng Tenhang: Chn php ton Group by Ti hng Total ca trng Soluong, thanhtien: Chn php ton SUM.

Chn View/Datasheet View xem kt qu.

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS

Ta c th thay i tiu ct trong khi thc hin truy vn tnh tng nh sau

6.4. Tnh tng trn nhiu nhm bn ghi Access cho php tnh tng khng ch trn mt m cn nhiu nhm bn ghi. lm c iu chng ta chn Group by trn nhiu trng v khi thc hin Access s theo th t t tri sang phi trng bn tri l nhm mc cao hn, trng k tip theo l nhm mc thp hn. V d: To truy vn tnh tng thanhtien ca mi mt hng bn c theo tng nm no ? To truy vn v a 2 bng dshang v dskhach vo tham gia truy vn Chn View/Totals a cc trng tenhang, ngaymua, thanhtien vo vng li QBE Ti hng Total ca trng tenhang chn php ton Group by Ti hng field ca trng ngayban s dng hm year([ngayban]) v ti hng total chn php ton Group by. Ti hng Total ca trng Thanhtien chn php ton Sum. Thay i tiu ct trong truy vn.

Chn View/ Datasheet View xem kt qu

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS

6.5. Lp biu thc chn cho cc trng dng nhm khi tnh tng Cng nh vi nhng truy vn khc, chng ta c th lp biu thc chn cho truy vn tnh tng theo tng nhm. thc hin cng vic ny, chng ta lp biu thc iu kin ngay hng Criteria ca trng group by. V d: To truy vn tnh tng thanhtien ca mi mt hng bn c trong nm 1999. To truy vn v a 2 bng dshang v dskhach vo tham gia truy vn Chn View/Totals a cc trng tenhang, ngaymua, thanhtien vo vng li QBE Ti hng Total ca trng tenhang chn php ton Group by Ti hng field ca trng ngayban s dng hm year([ngayban]) v ti hng total chn php ton Group by. Ti hng Total ca trng Thanhtien chn php ton Sum. Ti hng Criteria ca trng ngaymua: g vo gi tr 1999 Thay i tiu ct trong truy vn.

Chn View/ Datasheet View xem kt qu

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS

6.6. Lp biu thc chn gii hn nhng bn ghi. Trong cc phn trc, chng ta bit cch gii hn cc bn ghi trong truy vn theo mt iu kin no , s gii hn ny gi l gii hn sau khi tnh tng. By gi chng ta lp biu thc chn gii hn s bn ghi trc khi a vo tnh tng trong truy vn gi l gii hn trc khi tnh tng . Cch to To truy vn mi v a cc bng tham gia vo truy vn a cc trng vo vng li QBE. Chn menu View/Total Thit lp hng Total thnh Where i vi trng chng ta mun dng t biu thc iu kin gii hn s bn ghi trc khi tnh tng. G biu thc iu kin ti hng Criteria tng ng. Chuyn sang ch datasheet view xem kt qu. V d: To truy vn tnh tng soluong, thanhtien ca mi mt hng bn c i vi khch mua hng c Queuqan "Hu"

Ch : Trong a s trng hp, t iu kin lc trc v sau khi tnh tng c gi tr

khc nhau. 6.7. Dng truy vn cp nht bn ghi

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS Khi truy vn ch da trn mt bng, hochi bng c quan h 1-1 th tt c cc trng u c th thay i, cp nht. Trong trng hp c nhiu hn hai bng tham gia truy vn m c quan h 1- th s phc tp hn. 6.7.1. Khi no d liu trong trng c th sa i c Bng sau y lit k cc trng hp khi no mt trng trong kt qu truy vn hay trong biu mu c th sa i c. D liu trong trng c cho php sa i Loi truy vn hay trung Truy vn da trn 1 bng Truy vn da trn nhiu bng c quan h 1-1 Truy vn da trn nhiu bng c quan h 1- Truy vn Tham kho cho Truy vn tnh tng Truy vn vi thuc tnh Unique values c thit lp thnh Yes Truy vn hi Truy vn chuyn nhng Trng kiu biu thc Trng trong bn ghi b xo hoc b kho bi mt ngi khc trong mi trng nhiu ngi s dng 6.7.1. Chnh sa bn ghi trong truy vn da trn hai bng c quan h 1- Trong truy vn da trn d liu l hai bng c quan h 1-, chng ta c th sa i tt c cc trng tr trng lin kt ca bng bn "1". Tuy nhin c hai trng hp m vn c th sa i d liu trong trng lin kt bn "1" l: Khng Khng Khng Khng Khng Thng thng Khng Khng C hay khng? C

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS C th sa i d liu trng lin kt bn bng "1" trong trng hp lin kt ngoi v trng tng ng ca lin kt bn bng "nhiu" khng cha gi tr. C th sa i d liu trng lin kt bn bng "1" trong trng hp khai bo thuc tnh tham chiu ton vn. 7. TRUY VN THAM S (Parameter Query) 7.1. Khi nim Nu thng xuyn chy cng mt truy vn, nhng mi ln mt tiu chun khc nhau, thay v phi thit k li truy vn sau mi ln thc hin, c th tit kim thi gian bng cch to truy vn tham s. Khi thc hin loi ny Access s nhc nhp iu kin chn trong hp thoi enter parameter Value. V d: Gi s thng xuyn chy mt truy vn lit k danh sch nhn vin ca mt c quan no c m c quan nhp vo bt k.

Ch : Ni dung cc tham s m chng ta nhp vo c th l hng ( s,chui,ngy..)

nhng khng c biu thc. 7.2. To truy vn tham s To truy vn chn v a cc bng cn thit vo tham gia truy vn. Ko cc trng cn thit vo vng li QBE. Ti hng Criteria g vo biu thc c cha tham s vi ch tn tham s phi nm gia 2 du ngoc vung ( [ ]) Tn tham s cng l chui nhc nh.Access cho php c khong trng v di ti a 255 k t. Quy nh kiu d liu cho tham s: Chn queries/ parameter query. Trong hp thoi query parameters: Trong mc Parameter chn tham s, trong mc Data type chn kiu d liu tng ng. V d:

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS To truy vn hin th danh sch cc khch hng mua mt mt hng no (mt hng c nhp bt k t bn phm).

To truy vn hin th danh sch cc khch hng mua hng c h lt c nhp t bn phm.

7.3. Truy vn nhiu tham s C th to truy vn , khi chy truy vn nhp nhiu d liu cho iu kin chn la. Mun vy to truy vn nhiu tham s. V d: To mt truy vn hin th danh sch cc khch hng mua hng trong khong thi gian no (Thi gian c nhp t bn phm). To truy vn chn v a cc 2 bng dshang v dskhach vo tham gia truy vn. Ko cc trng tenhang, tenkhach, ngaymua vo vng li QBE. Ti hng Criteria ca trng NGAYSINH chn: Between [T ngy] and [n ngy] Chn query/Parameter khai bo kiu d liu cho 2 tham s l date/time.

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS

Khi chy truy vn s cho kt qu sau

7.4. Kt hp gia truy vn tham s v truy vn tnh tng Trong nhiu bi ton qun l ngi ta thng gp nhng yu cu nh: Hy thng k xem mi loi hng trong mt thng no bn c vi tng s lng l bao nhiu? Tng thnh tin l bao nhiu? (Thng c nhp t bn phm). V vy trc ht chng ta phi thc hin truy vn tnh tng xong mi kt hp truy vn tham s. V d: Hy to mt truy vn hin th tng thanhtien ca mi mt hng bn c trong mt nm no (Nm c nhp t bn phm). To mt truy vn chn, a bng Dshang v dskhach vo tham gia truy vn. a cc trng tenhang, ngayban, thanhtien vo vng li QBE. Chn View/Totals Trong hng Total: Chn Group by i vi trng tenhang, v year([ngayban]) Trong hng Criteria i vi trng Ngaysinh, ta chn tham s sau: [Nhap vao nam ban hang] .

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS

8. TRUY VN THAM KHO CHO (Crosstab query) 8.1. Khi nim Truy vn tham kho cho l loi truy vn dng tm lc d liu v trnh by kt qu theo dng nh mt bng tnh. Truy vn tham kho cho cng c th thng k mt khi lng d liu ln v trnh by n gin hn do thng s dng so snh d liu. 8.2. To truy vn tham kho cho Mun to mt truy vn tham kho cho chng ta phi xc nh c 3 yu t chnh: Trng lm tiu ct ( Duy nht 1 trng), trng lm tiu hng ( C th nhiu trng), trng tnh gi tr (Duy nht 1 trng). Cch to To truy vn chn v a cc bng vo tham gia truy vn a cc trng vo vng li QBE Chn Query/Crosstab Quy nh trng lm tiu ct Ti hng Total: Bt buc chn php ton Group by Ti hng Crosstab: Chn Column heading Quy nh trng lm tiu hng Ti hng Total: t nht mt trong cc trng phi chn php ton Group by Ti hng Crosstab: Chn Row heading Quy nh trng tnh gi tr Ti hng Total: Chn php ton thch hp Ti hng Crosstab: Chn Value V d: Cho 2 bng d liu Dstruong(matruong, tentruong, sodt) Danhsach(matruong, hoten, ngaysinh, gioitinh, xeploai) To mt truy vn Crosstab phn nh tng s lng sinh vin xp mi loi ca trong tng trng bao nhiu.?

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS To truy vn v a 2 bng d liu vo tham gia truy vn, a cc trng tentruong v xeploai vo vng li QBE. (Trng Xeploai a vo 2 ln) Chn Query/ crosstab query Ti hng Total ca trng tentruong: Chn php ton Group by, hng crosstab: chn Row heading Ti hng Total ca trung Xeploai: Chn php ton Group by, hng Crosstab chn Column heading. Ti hng Total ca trung Xeploai: Chn php ton Count, hng Crosstab chn Value.

Chn View/ Datasheet View xem kt qu

8.3. nh dng cho tiu ct Vi truy vn Crosstab, chng ta c th can thip nhiu hn v cch trnh by tiu ct trong bng. Chng ta c th thay i bng cch t li thuc tnh Column Heading ca truy vn. Thuc tnh ny cho php chng ta: Ch nh sp xp cc tiu ct. Mun nh dng tiu ct thc hin cc bc sau: To truy vn Crosstab.

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS Chuyn sang ch Design View. M bng thuc tnh truy vn. Ti hng Column Heading : G cc tiu ct theo th t m chng ta mun Cc gi tr ny phi cch nhau bi du chm phy ( ;)

9. TRUY VN HNH NG 9.1. Cc loi truy vn hnh ng Truy vn hnh ng gip ngi s dng to bng mi hay sa i d liu trong cc bng. C 4 loi truy vn hnh ng: Truy vn to bng (Make table query): To bng mi t mt bng hay nhiu bng tn ti d liu. Truy vn cp nht (Update query): Dng cp nht d liu cho mt hoc nhiu trung trong bng d liu. Truy vn xo (Delete query):Xo cc bn ghi tho mn cc iu kin t mt hay nhiu bng d liu. Truy vn ni (Append query): Ni mt s bn ghi t mt hoc nhiu bng d liu vo sau mt hoc nhiu bng d liu khc. 9.2. Truy vn to bng Truy vn to bng s to ra mt bng mi bng cch rt cc bn ghi tho mn cc iu kin no . Cch to truy vn to truy vn to bng chng ta to truy vn chn v a bng vo tham gia truy vn. a cc trng vo vng li QBE Chn query/ make table query Trong mc Table name: t tn mi cho bng mun to. Chn Current Database: CSDL hin thi

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS Another Database: To bng trong CSDL khc. Chn cc iu kin (Nu c). 9.3. Truy vn xo Truy vn xo gip chng ta loi b cc bn ghi tho mn mt s iu kin no Cch to truy vn to truy vn xo chng ta to truy vn chn v a bng vo tham gia truy vn. Chn query/ Delete query Trong vng li QBE ti hng Field chn cc trng cn so snh vi iu kin xo Ti hng Delete: Chn php ton Where Ti hng Criteria: Chn iu kin xo V d: To truy vn xo nhng sinh vin c matruong l "SP"

9.3. Truy vn cp nht Truy vn ny dng cp nht gi tr hoc sa i gi tr ca cc trng trong bng d liu. Cch to truy vn To mt truy vn chn v a bng vo tham gia truy vn Chn Query/Update query Ti hng Field: Chn trng cn cp nht d liu Ti hng Update to: Chn Biu thc cn tnh gi tr Ti hng Criteria: Chn iu kin (nu c). V d: Cho 2 bng d liu Dsphong(tenphong, dongia) Dskhachtro (tenphong, ngayden, ngaydi, thanhtien)

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS To truy vn cp nht gi tr cho trng Thanhtien=(ngaydi-ngayden)*dongia

9.4. Truy vn ni d liu Truy vn ni d liu dng ni d liu t mt bng ny vo sau mt bng khc. Cch to truy vn To truy vn chn v a bng d liu vo ni vi bng khc tham gia truy vn. Chn Queries/Append query Trong mc Table name: Chn bng cn ni vo v chn OK. Chn Current Database: CSDL hin thi Another Database: To bng trong CSDL khc. Trong vng li QBE ca truy vn ti hng Field: a cc trng ca bng gc vo. Trong hng Append to: a cc trng tng ng ca bng cn ni v t iu kin nu cn thit.

Ch
Trong truy vn ni d liu th cc trng c ni vi nhau tng ng phi cng kiu d liu. Nu cc trng tng ng khng c cng kiu d liu th s khng c ni. Nu cc trng c Field size khng ph hp th tu theo vic ni d liu m s ct bt hoc thm vo k t trng.

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS

Chng 4

NGN NG SQL

1. GII THIU V NGN NG SQL SQL l mt ngn ng dng truy xut d liu, cp nht, thay i v qun l cc CSDL quan h. Khi to mt truy vn th ACCESS t ng xy dng cc cu lnh SQL tng ng. Mt s truy vn ca ngn ng SQL nh sau: Truy vn hi (Union Query) Truy vn chuyn nhng (pass through Query) Truy vn nh ngha d liu (Data Definition Query) Truy vn con (Sub Query)

Ch
Trong SQL mi cu lnh c th c vit trn nhiu hng v kt thc mi cu lnh l du chm phy (;) 2. SQL X L TRN BNG D LIU 2.1. To bng mi

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS C php Create table <Table name>(<Field1> <Type>[(Size)][, <Field2>

<Type>[(Size)].......... [Constraint < Primary key name> primary key <Fieldname key>] [Constraint <Index name> Unique <Field name Index>] Chc nng: To cu trc ca mt bng mi. Gii thch chc nng cc tham s Table name: Tn bng cn to Fieldname1, Fieldname2....: Cc trng trong bng cn to, ti thiu 1 trng. Type: Cc kiu d liu tng ng. Size Primary key name Fieldname key Index name Fieldname Index Constraint........Primary key : Kch thc ca trng : Tn kho chnh : Trng lm kho chnh : Tn ch mc : Trung lm ch mc : Dng thit lp kho chnh

Constraint........ Unique: Thit lp ch mc (Khng trng nhau) Ch : i vi cc kiu d liu khi s dng trong SQL Kiu d liu chun Text Byte Integer Long Integer Single Double Date/Time Yes/No OLE Object Khai bo tng ng trong SQL Text(Size) Byte Short Long Single Double Datetime Yesno OLE Object

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS Currency, Memo, Counter Currency, Memo, Counter

V d : To bng DSTRUONG c cu trc sau Fieldname Matruong Tenruong SODT Data Type Text Text Text size 2 20 9

Create table dstruong(matruong text(2), tentruong text(20), Sodt text(9)); V d To bng DSHOCVIEN c cu trc sau Fieldname Mahv Tenhv Ngaysinh SODT Data Type Text Text Date/time Text 9 (Lp ch mc) size 4 30 (Kho chnh)

Create table dshocvien(mahv text(4), tenhv text(30), ngaysinh Datetime, sodt text(9), Constraint khoa primary key (mahv), Constraint chimuc unique (sodt));

Ch : Nu tn trung c k t trng hoc tn bng, tn kho chnh, tn ch mc th

phi t trong cp du [...] V d Create table [Bang NV] ([Ma nv] text(2), [ ho va ten] text(30)); 2.2. Thay i cu trc ca bng 2.2.1.Thm hoc loi b trng C php Alter table <Table name>[ add column <fieldname><type>] [Drop column <Field name>] [Add Constraint <Index name> unique <fieldname>] [Drop Constraint <Index name>] Chc nng:Thay i cu trc ca bng Gii thch:

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS ADD Column..: Thm trng vo bng Drop column..: Loi b trng ra khi bng Add Constraint.....: Thm tn ch mc Drop Constraint...... Loi b tn ch mc V d: Gi s tn ti bng MATHANG cu trc sau Fieldname MAHANG Data Type Text size 4 20

TENHANG Text GIA MAXN Ngaynhap Integer Text Date/time

Thm trng SOLUONG c kiu byte vo bng MATHANG Alter Table mathang soluong byte; V d : Thm ch mc c ten cmx cho trng MAXN Alter table mathang add constraint cmx unique Maxn V d : Loi b ch mc cmx Alter table mathang drop constraint cmx V d : Loi b trng ngaynhap ra khi bng MATHANG Alter table mathang drop column ngaynhap 2.2.2. Loi b ch mc C php Drop Index <Index name> on <Table name> Chc nng: Loi b 1 ch mc no . 2.3. Xo bng C php Drop table <Table name> Chc nng: Xo bng d liu no . V d: Xo bng MATHANG Drop table MATHANG

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS 3. SQL X L TRN TRUY VN 3.1.Truy vn chn (Select query) C php Select <Scope> <Fieldname1> [AS <New name>]......... From <Table name> [Where <Condition>] Chc nng: To truy vn chn Trong : Scope: Phm vi (Mc nh l ALL, Top n: Ly n bn ghi u tin) Nu c AS <New name> th s thay th tn cho Fieldname tng ng. Table name: Tn bng cn ly d liu. Condition: iu kin hn ch d liu. V d: Cho bng d liu DOCGIA sau Fieldname MADG MASACH HOTEN QUEQUAN NGAYSINH NGAYMUON Data Type Text Text Text Text Date/time Date/time Size 2 4 30 30 8 8 Description M c gi (Kho chnh)

Chn 2 trung MADG v HOTEN Select MADG, hoten From docgia; Chn 2 trng Masach v hoten m ch nhng masach bt u l T Select MADG, hoten From docgia where masach like T*; Chn Hoten, quequan, madg cho nhng c gi c qu qun Hu v i tn trng hoten thnh H v tn Select hoten AS [H v tn], queuqan, madg

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS From docgia where quequan=Hu; Chn nhng c gi mn sch trong thng 8 hoc nm 1999. Select * from docgia where month([ngaymuon])=8 or year([ngaymuon])=1999; 3.2. Truy vn tnh tng (Total query) C php Select ..........from.......[where < Condition>] Group by [Group fieldname] [Having <Group Condition>]; Chc nng: To mt truy vn tnh tng. V d: Cho bng d liu BANHANG c cu trc Fieldname Mahang Soluong Ngayban Data type text integer Date/time 8 size 2

To mt truy vn thng k xem mi loi hng bn c vi s lng l bao nhiu? Select mahang, sum([soluong]) From banhang Group by mahang; To truy vn thng k xem mi loi hng trong thng 7 bn c vi s lng bao nhiu? Ch hin th nhng loi hng m s lng bn trn 20. Select mahang, sum([soluong]) From banhang where month([ngayban])=7 Group by mahang having sum([soluong])>20; 3. 3.Truy vn tham kho cho C php Transform <Value Express> Select......From.......Where.......

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS Group by <Row Heading Field> Pivot <Column heading Field> Chc nng: To truy vn tham kho cho V d Transform sum([soluong]) select Mahang, tenhang, sum([soluong]) from dskhang Group by tenhang Pivot Mahang; 3.4. Truy vn to bng C php Select <Field select> into <New Table name) From <Old Table name> [Where <Condition>] Chc nng: To mt truy vn to bng V d Select Mahang, tenhang into Luu From Dskhang Where Mahang Like A*; 3.5. Truy vn ni d liu C php Insert into <append Table name> Select <field select> From <Table name> [Where <Condition>] Chc nng: To truy vn ni d liu Nu ch thm 1 bn ghi vi cc gi tr c th th ta thc hin cu lnh Insert into <Table name and Field list> values <append values>

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS V d: Insert into luu1(Hoten, quequan) Values (Nguyen an, Hue) 3.6. Truy vn cp nht d liu C php Update <Update Table name> Set <Field name>=<Express> [Where <Condition>] Chc nng: To mt truy vn dng cp nht d liu V d: Update dssv set [hocbong]=[hocbong]+200000 Where Uutien=1; 3.7. Truy vn xo C php Delete <Table.*> From <Delete Table name> [Where <Condition>] Chc nng: Dng to mt truy vn xo cc bn ghi trong bng theo mt hoc nhiu iu kin no .

Ch : nu mnh From ch c 1 bng duy nht th khng cn lit k cc bng trong

mnh DELETE. V d: C 2 bng d liu DSHS v DSDTHI c quan h 1-1 trn trng MAHS. Hy xo nhng hc sinh c im thi <5 trong bng DSHS v DSDTHI. Delete DSHS.* From DSHS INNER JOIN DSDTHI ON DSHS.MAHS=DSDTHI.MAHS Where diem<5.; 3.8. To mi quan h gia cc bng

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS Mun to mt truy vn truy xut d liu t 2 hay nhiu bng th phi to cc mi quan h gia cc bng . C php ........ From <Table name 1> inner join <Table name 2> ON <Table name 1>.<Field name1>=<Table name 2>.<Field name 2>......... Hoc .........From <Table name 1> Left join/ Right join <Table name 2> ON <Table name 1>.<Field name1>=<Table name 2>.<Field name 2>........... V d: To truy vn gm : Matruong, tentruong, hoten t 2 bng Dstruong v DSHS da vo trng lin kt Matruong. Select Matruong, tentruong, hoten From Dstruong inner join dshs on Dstruong.matruong=dshs.matruong; V d: Cho 3 bng d liu Dstruong( Matruong, tentruong) Dskhoa(Matruong, tenkhoa, Makhoa) DSSV(Makhoa, Hoten, Ngaysinh, quequan) To mt truy vn hin th danh sch sinh vin thuc mi khoa ca mi trng Select Distinctrow Matruong, tentruong, tenkhoa, hoten From Dstruong inner join (Dskhoa inner join DSSV ON Dskhoa.Makhoa=DSSV.Makhoa) ON Dstruong.Matruong=Dskhoa.Matruong;

Ch
C th s dng lin kt ngoi tri Left join hoc phi Right join 3.9. Truy vn con (Sub query) Truy vn con l mt mnh Select.....From........Wheres c lng ghp vo mt trong cc mnh sau: Select.......From......Where Select.......Into................

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS Insert........Into................ Delete......... Update......... C php Select...........From...........Where....... <Biu thc so snh> ANY|SOME|ALL <Mnh truy vn con> <Biu thc tm kim> IN | NOT IN <Mnh truy vn con> EXIST | NOT EXISTS <Mnh truy vn con>; Chc nng: To mt truy vn con Gii thch cc tham s <Biu thc so snh>: L mt biu thc v mt php ton so snh. <Biu thc tm kim>: L mt biu thc m tp hp kt qu ca truy vn con s c tm kim. <Mnh truy vn con>: L dng mnh trong c php v t gia hai du ( ). ANY, SOME: Cc bn ghi trong truy vn chnh tho mn iu kin so snh vi bt k hoc mt vi cc bn ghi no truy xut c t truy vn con. ALL: Cc bn ghi trong truy vn chnh tho mn vi iu kin so snh vi tt c bn ghi no truy xut c t truy vn con. IN: Cc bn ghi trong truy vn chnh m c tn ti mt vi bn ghi trong truy vn con c gi tr bng n. NOT IN: Cc bn ghi trong truy vn chnh m khng tn ti mt vi bn ghi trong truy vn con c gi tr bng n. EXISTS (NOT EXISTS): Php so snh True/ False xc nh nhn truy vn con c kt qu l bn ghi no khng. V d: Cho 2 bng d liu KHO(Mahang, Tenhang, Dongia) NKBAN (Mahang, Hoten, Ngaymua, Giamgia, Dongia) Tm tt c nhng mt hng m n gi ln hn vi mt hng c bn vi Giamgia l 20%.

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS Select * From Kho Where dongia> ANY (select dongia From NKBAN Where giamgia=20%); Tm nhng mt hng bn ra vi gim gi >=10%. Select * from Kho Where Mahang IN (Select mahang From NKBAN Where giamgia>=0.1); V d: Cho 2 bng danh sch DSKH(MAKHACH, HOTEN, QUEQUAN, SDT) DATHANG(MAKHACH, SOLUONG, NGAYDAT) Tm nhng ngi khch t hng trc 10/10/99 bao gm Hoten, Quequan. Select Hoten, quequan From DSKH Where Makhach IN (Select makhach from DATHANG Where NGAYDAT<=#10/10/99#;. 3.10. Truy vn hi (Union Query) Dng ni (Kt hp) d liu cc trng tng ng t 2 hay nhiu bng hoc truy vn vo trng. C php: Select .........From.........Where...... UNION | UNION ALL Select........... Chc nng: To truy vn hi Gii thch: UNION: Khng mun cc bn ghi trng nhau hin th UNION ALL: Hin th cc bn ghi trng nhau V d: Cho 2 bng d liu DHSVIEN( Hoten, Lop, Matruong, Diachi) CDHSVIEN( Hoten, Lop, Matruong, Diachi) S dng truy vn hi lit k Hoten, Lop, Matruong ca sinh vin 2 h (a hc, Cao ng). Select Hoten, Lop, Matruong from DHSVIEN UNION Select Hoten, Lop, Matruong from DHSVIEN Lit k Hoten, Lop ca nhng sinh vin 2 h v c qu qun Hu

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS Select Hoten, Lop from DHSVIEN UNION Select Hoten, Lopfrom DHSVIEN Where Diachi=Hu;

Chng 5

BIU MU

T trc n nay chng ta vn lm vic mt cch n iu vi cc bng, truy vn vi cch trnh by d liu hiu qu nhng khng p mt. Vi biu mu (form) trong Access s gip chng ta khc phc iu ny. Biu mu trong Access rt linh ng, chng ta c th dng biu mu nhp, xem, hiu chnh d liu. Hoc l dng biu mu to ra cc bng chn cng vic lm cho cng vic ca chng ta thun li v khoa hc hn. Hoc dng biu mu to ra cc hp thoi nhm thit lp cc ty chn cho cng vic qun l ca mnh. 1. KHI NIM V BIU MU Nu chng ta quen in cc t biu, mu trong cuc sng hng ngy th chng ta c th hnh dung mt biu mu trong Access cng vy. Mt biu mu trong Access nh ngha mt tp d liu chng ta mun ly v t a vo CSDL. Cng vy biu mu cng c th dng xem xt d liu hay in ra my in. Trong mi trng ca H QTCSDL Access chng ta c th thit k cc biu mu c hnh thc trnh by p, d s dng v th hin ng cc thng tin cn thit. Chng ta

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS c th a vo biu mu cc i tng nh vn bn, hnh nh, ng v kt hp vi cc mu sc sao cho biu mu ca chng ta t c ni dung v hnh thc trnh by ng nht. Hnh thc v cch b tr cc i tng ra sao trn biu mu hon ton ty thuc vo kh nng thm m v ng khiu trnh by ca chng ta. 2. TC DNG V KT CU CA BIU MU 2.1.Tc dng ca biu mu Biu mu cung cp mt kh nng thun li hin th d liu. Chng ta c th xem mi thng tin ca mt bn ghi thay v ch Datasheet ngho nn trc y bng ch Form View, mt phng cch tin tin hn. S dng biu mu tng kh nng nhp d liu, tit kim thi gian v ngn nga cc li do nh sai. Chng hn thay v g vo cc gi tr ca tt c cc trng chng ta c th to nhng danh sch (gi l combo box) chn trn biu mu (y l phng cch p dng rt hiu qu trnh nh sai d liu). Biu mu cung cp mt hnh thc trnh by ht sc tin nghi xem, nhp v hiu ch cc bn ghi trong CSDL. Access cung cp cc cng c thit k biu mu h tr rt c lc cho chng ta trong vic thit k nhng biu mu d s dng m li c th tn dng c cc kh nng: Hnh thc th hin d liu p, trnh by li cun vi cc kiu font v hiu ng ha c bit khc ... Quen thuc vi ngi s dng v n ging cc biu mu trn giy thng thng. C th tnh ton c. C th cha c biu . C th hin th d liu t nhiu bng (hoc truy vn) T ng ha mt s thao tc phi lm thng xuyn. 2.2. Kt cu ca biu mu

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS Cc thng tin trn biu mu c th ly d liu t mt bng hay truy vn no , nhng cng c th c lp i vi c bng ln truy vn, chng hn nh cc i tng ha. Dng v trnh by ca biu mu c thc hin trong qu trnh thit k. Tt c cc thng tin th hin trn biu mu c cha trong nhng i tng gi l iu khin (control). iu khin c th dng th hin d liu hoc thc hin cc hng ng hoc trang tr cho biu mu. Mt s iu khin c buc vo vi cc trng ca bng hay truy vn, gi l bng c s hay truy vn c s. Do chng ta c th dng biu mu nhp d liu vo cc trng hay ly d liu t cc trng ra xem. V d dng Text box nhp hay hin th chui v s, dng Object frame th hin hnh nh. Mt s iu khin khc trnh by thng tin c lu tr trong thit k bng. V d dng Label (nhn) th hin thng tin c tnh cht m t; ng v cc hnh khi t chc d liu v lm biu mu c hnh thc hp dn hn. 3. TO BIU MU 3.1. To biu mu t ng vi Autoform Access cung cp chc nng Autoform cho php chng ta to biu mu da trn cc bng hoc truy vn c xy dng trc . Cch to Trong ca s Database, chn form, chn New Trong mc Choose the table or query Where the object's data comes from: Chn bng hoc truy vn lm ngun d liu cho form. Chn Autoform Columnar: Nu mun to lp biu mu dng ct, trong mi trng trong bng hay truy vn l mt dng. Chn Autoform Tabular: Nu mun to lp biu mu dng hng, trong mi trng trong bng hay truy vn l mt ct v mt bn ghi trong mt dng. Chn Autoform Datasheet: Nu mun to lp biu mu theo dng bng, trong mi ct tng ng mt trng v mi dng l mt bn ghi.

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS Chn OK. V d Cho bng Danhsach( Tenphong, hoten, ngayden, ngaydi, thanhtien) Hy thit k biu mu da trn chc nng Autoform s dng bng Danhsach lm ngun d liu.

Biu mu dng Autoform Columnar

Biu mu dng Autoform tabular

Biu mu dng Autoform Datasheet 3.2. To biu mu s dng Wizard To biu mu s dng cng c Autoform th Access khng cho php ngi s dng can thip vo qu trnh to biu mu, chng hn nh hn ch s trng..... th Form Wizard cho php ngi s dng can thip vo qu trnh to biu mu. Cch to Trong ca s Database chn Form, chn New Trong mc Choose the table or query Where the object's data comes from: Chn bng hoc truy vn lm ngun d liu cho form. Chn Form Wizard Chn OK Trong mc Avaiable Field: Chn cc trng a vo biu mu, nhn nt >> Chn nt Next.

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS Chn Columnar : Biu mu hin th theo dng ct Tabular Datasheet Justified Chn Next Chn loi biu mu Chn Next t tiu cho Form Chn Open the form to view or enter information: Nu mun m Form sau khi chn Finish. Chn Modify the forms design: Nu mun form dng thit k. Chn Finish . Lu form. 3.3. To biu mu khng s dng Wizard (Do ngi s dng t thit k) To biu mu s dng cng c Autoform v Form wizard ngi s dng c th nhanh chng thit k cc biu mu nh vo cc c tnh h tr ca Access. Nhng i vi hai cch trn ch cung cp mt s hn ch cc phng n xy dng biu mu m khng tho mn yu cu ca ngi s dng khi mun thit k biu mu teho ca ring mnh. Do ngi s dng phi t thit k mt biu mu khng cn s h tr ca Access. Cch to Trong ca s Database chn Form, chn New Chn bng d liu hoc truy vn lm ngun d liu cho form, chn OK Xy dng cc iu khin cho biu mu (a cc trng trong bng d liu vo biu mu). Thit lp cc thuc tnh cho cc iu khin. Lu biu mu. : Biu mu hin th theo dng hng : Biu mu hin th theo dng bng : Biu mu hin bnh thng (u).

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS

4. CC CH HIN TH V CC THNH PHN CA BIU MU 4.1. Cc ch hin th C 4 ch hin th ca biu mu 4.1.1.Ch Design View Dng to biu mu mi hay thay i cu trc ca mt biu mu tn ti. Khi ang trong ca s Database: Chn form /chn tn form/ chn Design ( C th click chut phi ri chn Design). Khi ang ch Form view: Chn View/ Form Design 4.1.2. Ch Form View Dng nhp, thay i v xem d liu. Trong ch Form View ngi s dng c th xem tt c cc trng ca mt bn ghi ti mt thi im. Khi ang trong ca s Database: Chn form /chn tn form/ chn Open ( C th click chut phi ri chn Open). Khi ang ch Design view: Chn View/ Form View. 4.1.3. Ch hin th biu mu di dng bng (Datasheet View) Dng nhp, thay i v xem d liu trong biu mu theo dng bng biu. m ch hin th dng Datasheet View chng ta thc hin nh sau: Khi ang ch Design View: Chn View/Datasheet. Khi ang ch Form View: Chn View/ Datasheet View. 4.1.4. Ch hin th Print Preview Dng xem biu mu trc khi quyt nh in n. Trong ch Print Preview s duy tr hnh dng trnh by d liu c thit k trc . Khi ang trong ca s Database: Chn form /chn tn form/ Chn File/Print Preview. 4.2. Cc thnh phn biu mu trong ch Design View

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS Khi mun thit k biu mu th ngi s dng phi lm vic trong ch d Design View khi biu mu c cc thnh phn chnh sau: Thc(Ruler): iu chnh kch thc ca cc iu khin. Tiu form (form header):S dng trnh by tiu ca form, tiu form lun c trnh by phn trn cng, u tin ca biu mu v trang in biu mu. Chn form (Form Footer): S dng trnh by chn ca form, chn form lun c trnh by phn di cng, xut hin cui biu mu v trang in biu mu. Tiu trang (Page header): S dng cha tiu trang Chn trang (Page footer): S dng cha chn trang nhng xut hin phn trc ca Form footer trong trang biu mu in.

Ch
Page header v Page footer ch xut hin trong trang biu mu in nn chng khng c nhng tnh cht thng thng nh Form header v Form footer. Chn View/ Page header/ footer (Nu 2 thnh phn ny cha xut hin trn biu mu). Chi tit form (Detail): y l phn rt quan trng cha cc iu khin nhm trnh by cc dng d liu t cc bng d liu hoc cc truy vn. Cc loi iu khin c th l iu khin buc, khng buc hoc tnh ton. 5. CC LOI IU KHIN Tt c thng tin trn biu mu c cha trong nhng i tng gi l iu khin (Control). iu khin c th dng th hin d liu, thc hin cc hnh ng hoc thit k biu mu p mt. Trong ACCESS h thng nh ngha mt s loi iu khin nh sau: iu khin nhn (Label). iu khin hp vn bn (Text box). iu khin nhm la chn (Option group). iu khin loi hp Combo (Combo box) v hp danh sch (List Box). Ngoi ra cn c mt s iu khin khc nh command button.....

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS Khi to lp iu khin, chng ta thung xc nh hnh thc d liu trnh by trong chng. C nhng iu khin ly d liu tu cc trng trong bng hay truy vn, c iu khin ch dng vo mc ch trang tr, lm tiu , c nhng iu khin ly d liu t mt biu thc no . V vy ngi ta phn ra thnh ba nhm iu khin chnh: iu khin buc ( Bound control) iu khin khng buc ( Unbound control) iu khin tnh ton ( Caculated control) 5.1. iu khin b buc (bound), khng buc (unbound) v tnh ton c (calculated). Khi to mt iu khin trong biu mu th phi xc nh n ly d liu t ngun no th hin. V d To mt iu khin loi hp vn bn (Text box) hin th tn cc mt hng, chng ta phi ch nh cho iu khin ly d liu trong trng TEN_HANG ca bng MAT_HANG. Hp vn bn ny gi l b buc. iu khin cng c th th hin nhng thng tin khng c trong CSDL (Khng b buc). V d: To tiu cho biu mu... Tm li iu khin b buc (Bound Control) l iu khin m ngun d liu ca n ly t mt trng trong bng hoc truy vn Trong biu mu dng iu khin buc vo cc trng hin th ni dung hoc cp nht cc trng ca CSDL, cc gi tr cp nht c th l: Vn bn, Date,Num ber, yes/No, Picture, chart trong dng vn bn l ph bin nht. iu khin khng b buc (Unbound Control) l iu khin khng ly d liu t mt ngun no c l iu khin khng b buc. Dng iu khin khng buc trnh by thng tin khng c trong cc bng hay rt c t truy vn.

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS iu khin tnh ton (Calculated Control) l iu khin m ngun d liu ca n khng phi l mt trng m l mt biu thc gi l iu khin tnh ton (Calculated Control). Chng ta qui nh gi tr xut hin trong iu khin bng cch lp biu thc cho n. Biu thc ny l ngun d liu ca iu khin .Trong biu thc c th dng cc ton t (+, -,=...) vi tn iu khin. V d: To mt iu khin THANHTIEN=SOLUONG*DONGIA 5.2. To iu khin loi hp vn bn ( text box) Text box c th l mt iu khin b buc, khng buc hoc tnh ton. To hp vn bn b buc (Bound Text box). Chng ta buc iu khin Text box vo mt trng bng cch ch nh iu khin ly d liu trn trng no. Chn trng buc vo iu khin bng cch Click biu tng Field List m danh sch cc trng ca bng hay truy vn lm nn tng cho biu mu. Theo mc nh nh vy th h thng s to mt iu khin loi Text box. Mt cch khc dng hp dng c Toolbox to iu khin v sau g tn trng mun buc vo hp vn bn. M hp danh sch trng M biu mu trong ch Design (To biu mu trc). Trong ca s Database Chn Form/New (Cn bng hoc truy vn lm nn cho biu mu). Chn View/Field List hoc click vo biu tng Field List trn thanh cng c). To mt Text Box b buc T danh sch trng chn mt hoc nhiu trng ko v a vo biu mu. 5.3. To mt iu khin khc dng hp cng c Dng hp cng c (Toolbox) to nhng iu khin khng buc (Unboud control) hoc tnh ton. c bit dng cc tnh nng ca hp ny to nhng iu khin b buc khc ngoi buc khc ngoi (Text box). bt hp cng c ta chn View/Toolbars.

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS To iu khin dng hp cng c Click vo biu tng cng c tung ng vi iu khin mun to. To iu khin b buc bng cch chn mt trng trong danh sch trng (Field List) v ko vo biu mu. Hoc to iu khin khng buc hay dng tnh ton bng cch click vo mt v tr trn biu mu. To iu khin dng tnh ton Nu mun trnh by kt qu ca mt php ton trong biu mu, khai bo ngun d liu ca iu khin l mt biu thc. Sau ny mi ln m biu mu, ACCESS tnh ton li kt qu ca vng d liu c cp nht mi nht t cc bng. To iu khin nhn (Label Control) Mun trnh by mt chui k t trn biu mu nh lm tiu ... chng ta dng loi iu khin gi l iu khin nhn (label control). Nhn khng th hin d liu ca mt trng hay biu thc no , chng lun lun l khng b buc. Click vo biu tng Label trong Toolbox Click v tr mun t nhn trn biu mu. Thay i cc thuc tnh ca iu khin. Sau khi to biu mu, bin i mt s thuc tnh ca iu khin c th hon thin thm v thit k v hnh thc trnh by ca s liu. Nhp kp vo iu khin. Trong hp la chn trn u bng thuc tnh, chn mt lp thch hp lm vic. All Properties: Trnh by tt c cc thuc tnh ca iu khin Data Properties: n nh cc c tnh th hin d liu trong iu khin nh gi tr mc nhin, nh dng s. Even Properties: Qui nh mt tp lnh (Macro) hay th tc (Procedure).. Layout Properties: nh ngha cc hnh thc ca iu khin nh cao, rng. Other Properties: Mt s thuc tnh khc nh tn iu khin, thng tin m t dng trng thi. Click chn mt trong cc thuc tnh ca bng thc hin.

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS

5.4. Thit lp mt s thuc tnh b sung 5.4.1. Cc thuc tnh h tr nhp liu Thuc tnh Default value: Gn gi tr mc nh vo ni dung trnh by trong iu khin. Thuc tnh ValidationRule v ValidationRule Text: Kim tra tnh hp l khi nhp d liu cho mt iu khin v thng bo li nu d liu khng hp l 5.4.2. Cc thuc tnh ging l Thuc tnh General: Ging hng vn bn theo l tri, d liu s v ngy thng theo l phi. Thuc tnh Left: Ging hng vn bn theo l tri. Thuc tnh Center: Xc lp hng vn bn chnh gia. Thuc tnh Center: Ging hng vn bn theo l phi. 5.4.3. Cc thuc tnh mu sc

Thuc tnh Backcolor: Thit lp mu nn cho iu khin hay cho biu mu Thuc tnh Forecolor: Thit lp mu cho hng ch trong iu khin. Thuc tnh Bodercolor: Thit lp mu cho khung bao quanh trong iu khin. 5.4.3. Cc thuc tnh khung bao

Thuc tnh BoderStyle:Thit lp loi khung cho iu khin Thuc tnh BoderWidth: Thit lp dy hay m ca khung bao.

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS Thuc tnh BoderColor: Thit lp mu ca khung bao.

6. NNG CP BIU MU Access cung cp nhiu loi iu khin lm cho biu mu d s dng v c nhiu hiu ng tt. C th thay th mt Textbox vi mt List box hay Combo box chn t cc gi tr c sn thay v buc ngi s dng phi nh nhp gi tr vo. 6.1. Dng iu khin List box v Combo box to danh sch chn la. Trong nhiu trng hp, chn mt danh sch c sn thng tin li hn phi nh g vo t bn phm. Access cung cp hai kh nng iu khin to danh sch chn la: List box v Combo box. List box n gin l mt danh sch chn, combo box tng t nh mt text box v mt combo box kt hp vo mt iu khin, c ngha l c th g thng gi tr vo text box hay chn t mt danh sch c sn. u im ca List box: Danh sch lun c th hin v ngi dng ch c php chn trong danh sch, do d liu nhp lun lun l hp l. u im ca Combo box: Danh sch khng c th hin cho n khi ngi dng m hp iu khin, do t tn ch trn biu mu hn. 6.2. To List box v Combo box khng s dng Wizard Tt chc nng Control Wizard trong menu View hoc trong thanh cng c. Click biu tng List box hoc Combo box trong hp cng c. To iu khin buc bng cch click biu tng Field list trn thanh cng c m danh sch trng lm nn cho biu mu. Chn mt trng trong danh sch ko vo biu mu, hoc to iu khin khng buc bng cch click biu mu ni mun t iu khin. Lp cc thuc tnh ca iu khin nh ngha cc hng dng lm chn la trong danh sch. Mun danh sch th hin Lp thuc tnh Row Source Type Lp Row Source thnh thnh

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS Cc hng t mt bng hay truy vn Cc hng ly t lnh Select ca SQL Mt danh sch vi cc gi tr do ngi dng t t Tn cc trng trong mt bng hoc truy vn Cc gi tr nh ngha bi mt hm trong Access Basic Tn hm xy dng trng Field List Value List Table/Query (Default) Mt cu lnh SQL Danh sch cc gi tr phn cch nhau bi du chm phy Tn ca bng hoc truy vn Table/Query (Default) Tn ca bng hay truy vn

6.2.1. nh ngha cc hng trong danh sch nh ngha ngun d liu hnh thnh cc hng dng lm trong danh sch la chn trong List box v Combo box bng cch lp thuc tnh thch hp cho RowSource Type v RowSource ca iu khin, hai thuc tnh ny phi hp vi nhau to nn cc hng trong danh sch. Thuc tnh RowSource Type cho bit danh sch s hnh thnh t ngun d liu loi no, thuc tnh RowSource l thuc tnh xc nh ngun d liu ca danh sch. 6.2.2. Danh sch ly d liu t bng hay truy vn C th to List box hay Combo box ly d liu t mt hoc nhiu trng trong bng ( hoc truy vn) lp thnh danh sch chn la cho iu khin. Thc hin iu ny

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS bng cch t thuc tnh RowSource Type thnh Table/Query v RowSource thnh tn bng hay tn truy vn c cha d liu lp thnh danh sch . 6.2.3. To danh sch nhiu ct C th to danh sch gm hai hay nhiu ct c thm thng tin la chn. Xc nh s ct bng cch lp thuc tnh Columcount v ColumnWidth cho iu khin. Thuc tnh columcount quy nh s ct v nu trong RowSource l tn mt bng hay truy vn th cc trng u tin tng ng s ct ca bng hay truy vn (tnh t tri sang phi) s c a vo danh sch. Thuc tnh columnwidth quy nh b rng mi ct tnh theo inch hay cm. 6.2.4. S dng danh sch gi tr Trng hp iu khin ch c mt s nh chn la v cc gi tr ny khng thay i, c th dng phng php n gin l danh sch gi tr. Danh sch ny chng ta t lp bng cch a cc gi tr dng lm chn la vo thuc tnh RowSource ca iu khin. S dng du chm phy phn cch cc mc chn la ca danh sch. 6.3. S dng hp kim tra (check box), nt chn la (Option button), nt bt tt (Toggle button). Hp kim tra, nt chn la, nt bt tt thng c s dng nh cc iu khin c lp nhn cc chn la Yes/No. Cc iu khin ny thc cht ch khc nhau v hnh thc, do chng ta c th s dng bt c nt no. Khi c chn iu khin ny biu din tr Yes ( hay True), trng thi khng chn th nhn gi n No ( hay False). Check box Option button Toggle button : c chn khi c du x trong hp. : c chn khi c ht u trong nt. : c chn khi n trng nh b nhn xung.

6.4. S dng nhm chn la (Option group)

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS Chng ta c th dng nhm chn la trnh by mt s nh cc chn la trn biu mu. Nhm chn la gm mt khung nhm (Group frame) c gn nhn v mt s check box, option button hay toggle button.

Nu nhm la chn c buc vo mt trng, ch c khung nhm l b buc vo trng , khng phi cc thnh phn chn la trong khung. Khung nhm c th khng b buc vo trng no hoc cha mt biu thc, mi ln ch c th chn mt thnh phn trong nhm. Khi s dng hp kim tra, nt chn la v nt bt tt trong nhm chn la, thuc tnh ca chng khc vi nh khi c dng vi cc iu khin c lp. Mi phn t trong nhm chn la khng c thuc tnh Control Source m thay bng thuc tnh Option Value. Lp thuc tnh Option Value ca mi phn t dng lm chn la trong nhm thnh mt tr s c ngha i vi trng m khung nhm c buc vo. Khi mt phn t ca nhm c chn, Access a gi tr lp trong Option value ca phn t cho iu khin Option Group. n lt Option Group tr li gi tr cho trng m n b buc vo. 7. BIU MU DA TRN NHIU BNG 7.1. Biu mu ph (Subform) Biu mu ph l phng php a thng tin t nhiu bng vo mt biu mu. Biu mu ph c ngha l mt biu mu c lng trong biu mu khc. Trong Access biu mu chnh gi l Main form, biu mu nm trong Main form gi l biu mu ph (Sub form). Khi dng biu mu ph chng ta d nhn thy mi quan h gia cc bn ghi ca hai hay nhiu bng. Biu mu ph c bit hu hiu khi dng hin th d liu t nhiu bng hay truy vn c quan h mt-nhiu vi nhau. Biu mu chnh i din cho bn mt, biu mu ph i din cho bn nhiu. 7.2. Cc loi biu mu ph

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS Khi to biu mu ph chng ta c th thit k n thnh dng bng, hoc dng biu mu, hoc c hai dng trn. Biu mu dng bng: L loi d to nht v c th s dng nh bt k bng no khc nh sp xp.... Biu mu ph dng biu mu: Cho chng ta thc s linh hot v mm do khi thit k hn. 7.3. Thit k biu mu ph Thng thng chng ta dng bng hay truy vn lm ngun d liu cho biu mu chnh, mt bng hay truy vn khc lm ngun d liu cho biu mu ph. Nu d liu trong biu mu chnh v biu mu ph c lin quan vi nhau, chng ta cn nh gi mt s vn sau: Cc bng hoc truy vn c quan h mt-nhiu vi nhau khng? Nu dng biu mu ph th hin quan h mt-nhiu, chng ta nn dng bng bn mt i vi bng chnh, bng bn nhiu i vi bng ph. Cc bng hoc truy vn lm ngun d liu cho biu mu chnh/ph c cc trng lin kt khng? Access dng trng kt ni gii hn s lng bn ghi th hin trong biu mu ph. Cch to biu mu chnh/ph Thit k hai biu mu ring bit, sau ko biu mu ph vo biu mu chnh. Thit k biu mu chnh To biu mu chnh, dnh ch trn biu mu ny cha biu mu ph. Lu v ng biu mu chnh. Thit k biu mu ph C th thit k biu mu ph ch th hin d liu di dng bng, biu mu ny c c hai kh nng trn. To biu mu mi, lp hai thuc tnh ViewAllowed v Default View ca biu mu tu theo yu cu s dng nh sau:

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS Biu mu ph ch trnh by di dng bng: t cc trng trn biu mu theo th t chng ta mun chng xut hin trong bng. Lp c hai thuc tnh ViewAllowed v Default View thnh Datasheet. Biu mu ph ch trnh by d liu di dng biu mu: Sp t cc iu khin nh trn. Lp thuc tnh ViewAllowed thnh Form v Default View thnh Single form hay Continuous form. a biu mu ph vo biu mu chnh M biu mu chnh ch Design View Chuyn sang ca s Database, nhn F11 Ko biu mu ph t ca s Database v t vo mt v tr trn biu mu chnh. Di chuyn biu mu ph n v tr khc, thay i ni dung nhn hoc kch thc nu cn. Chuyn sang ch Form View xem kt qu.

7.4. Lin kt biu mu chnh v biu mu ph Trong ch Design View ca biu mu chnh, m bng thuc tnh ca iu khin biu mu ph. Lp thuc tnh LinkChildFields thnh tn trng ni kt trong biu mu ph, nu c nhiu trng ni kt, phn cch nhau bi du phy. Lp thuc tnh LinkMasterFields thnh tn trng ni kt hoc tn iu khin trong biu mu chnh, nu c nhiu trng ni kt, phn cch nhau bi du phy.

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS Chng 6 BO CO (REPORT)

1. TNG QUAN V BO CO Bo co l phng thc hu hiu gip ngi s dng trnh by d liu di dng y v d hiu, nhanh chng, p mt khi in n. Ngi s dng c th tch hp trong bo co cc dng thc trnh by d liu khc nhau nh: Hnh nh, biu , vn bn...... Bo co c xy dng trn mt ngun d liu l bng hoc truy vn, mt cu lnh SQL hoc mt dng biu mu no 1.1. Cc dng mu ca bo co Bo co dng ct (columnar): bo co dng ny s c trnh by theo dng mt ct v km theo phn nhn ca mi ct d liu bn tri, mi dng tng ng vi mt trng d liu. Bo co dng hng (Tabular): Bo co s trnh by d liu theo dng bng bao gm nhiu hng v nhiu ct. Bo co dng nhm/ Tng (Group/Total): Bo co dng ny s t chc d liu thnh cc nhm, mi nhm s trnh by d liu theo dng Tabular. Ngi s dng c th nhm d liu theo cp v c th tnh ton gi tr tng cho mi nhm v mt gi tr tnh tng cho ton b cc nhm Bo co dng biu ( Chart) Bo co dng nhn ( Label Report) Bo co vi bo co con 1.2. Cc ch hin th ca bo co Bo co c th c trnh by theo 3 ch sau Report design: Ch thit k bo co. Layout PreView: Ch trnh by d liu trong bo co. Print PreView: Ch xem hnh thc bo co trc khi in n.

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS 2. TO BO CO S DNG CNG C AUTO REPORT V REPORT WIZARD 2.1.To bo co s dng Auto report Click biu tng Report trong ca s database ( hoc chn View/Report) Chn New Chn bng hoc Truy vn lm ngun d liu bo co . Chn AutoReport Columnar: Nu mun bo co hin th dng ct. AutoReport Tabular: Nu mun bo co hin th dng hng Chn OK Lu Bo co. 2.2.To bo co s dng Report Wizard Click biu tng Report trong ca s database ( hoc chn View/Report) Chn New Chn bng hoc Truy vn lm ngun d liu bo co . Chn Report Wizard Chn OK Chn cc trng cn thit cho bo co. Chn Next

Chn cc trng cn nhm, chn Next Chn cc trng cn sp xp, chn Next Chn dng th hin ca Report, chn Next Chn nn th hin ca Report, chn Next t tiu cho Report, chn Finish

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS

3. TO IU KHIN TRONG BO CO 3.1. Toiu khin Text Box (Hp vn bn) Text box c nhiu tnh nng, c th l iu khin b buc, khng buc hay dng tnh ton. Nu trong bo co c c 3 loi iu khin ny, chng ta nn u tin iu khin b buc trc. To mt text box b buc v khng buc Chng ta buc iu khin Text box vo mt trng bng cch ch nh trng cho text box ly d liu. Text box ly d liu c th thc hin bng cch ko trng mun buc vo iu khin t danh sch trng (Field List) vo biu mu ang thit k. Cch khc to Text box l dng hp cng c (Toolbox), sau g tn trng mun buc vo hp vn bn hoc bng thuc tnh ca iu khin. Dng danh sch trng l phng php tt nht to mt iu khin Text box b buc v hai l do sau: iu khin c h thng t ng gn nhn v nhn ly tn trng c ko lm tiu . Text box b buc tha k cc thit lp thuc tnh ca trng t bng hay truy vn. Mun chuyn mt iu khin khng buc thnh b buc, lp thuc tnh Control Source ca iu khin thnh mt trng. Mt s thao tc khi thc hin thit k bo co. M bo co trong ch Design View Chn Field List t menu View (Hoc click biu tng Field List trn thanh cng c)

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS To iu khin Text box b buc. M bng danh sch trng, chn trng hoc cc trng mun t vo bo co Chn mt trng, click vo trng . Chn nhiu trng lin nhau, clik trng u, gi phm shift, click trng cui. Chn nhiu trng khng lin nhau, gi phm Ctrl v ln lt click tng trng. Chn tt c cc trng trong danh sch, nhp kp vo thanh tiu ca danh sch trng. Ko trng (hoc cc trng) c chn v t vo mt v tr trn mu bo co. Click biu tng Simple preview trn thanh cng c xem kt qu. 3.2. To cc iu khin khc dng hp cng c Mun to cc iu khin khng buc hay dng tnh ton, phi dng cng c trong Toolbox. Chn View/Toolbars hin th thanh cng c To iu khin dng Toolbox Click cng c tng ng loi iu khin mun to trong bo co. To iu khin b buc bng cch chn mt trng trong Field list v ko n vo trong bo co. 3.3. To iu khin dng tnh ton Click vo biu tng Text box trong hp cng c Click vo mt v tr trn bo co. Access t ng gn nhn cho iu khin va to, tiu mc nhin thng c dng Field0, c th thay i tiu ny theo thch. a con tr vo bn trong Text box. G du = , theo sau l biu thc mun lp V d: =[SOLUONG]*[DONGIA] Click vo Sample Preview xem kt qu. 3.4. To iu khin nhn Nhn l mt iu khin khng buc, ni dung nhn khng thay i t trang ny qua trang khc hay t bn ghi ny qua bn ghi khc. Click biu tng Label trong Toolbox.

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS Click vo mt v tr trn bo co to nhn. Nhn c to nh vy s c kch thc t m rng khi g ni dung vo. Nu mun trnh by vn bn thnh nhiu dng, bm Ctrl+Enter cui dng th nht. 4. CC THUC TNH CA IU KHIN TRONG BO CO Thuc tnh xc nh cc c trng ca i tng, mi iu khin trong bo co cng c nhng thuc tnh ring. Mun m bng thuc tnh ca iu khin, chn iu khin v click biu tng Properties trn thanh cng c. Ta xt mt s thuc tnh sau: Cangrow: Dng thuc tnh ny lm cho Text box c th t iu chnh kch thc theo phng dc i vi khi d liu cha trong trng n b buc.(chn Yes). CanShrink: Khi Text box khngc d liu hoc d liu l chui rng Access s cha trng ch trn giy. iu ny c th lm cho bo co qu trng tri nu c nhiu ch nh vy. Chng ta lp thuc tnh ca Text box ny thnh Yes. HideDuplicate: Dng thuc tnh ny che Text box khi gi tr trong trng bn ghi trc 5. SP XP V TP HP D LIU THEO NHM Sp xp l phng php ph bin nhm t chc d liu theo mt trt t no tm kim v phn loi thng tin. 5.1. Sp xp d liu Khi in bo co ngi dng thng mun t chc cc bn ghi theo mt trt t no . V d in danh sch cn b theo th t gim dn ca lng. Cc bc thc hin sp xp trn bo co. M bo co ch Design View. Chn Sorting And Grouping trong menu View. Trong hp thoi. Field/Expression: Ch nh sp xp theo trng hoc biu thc no . Sort Order: Chn Tng dn hoc gim dn.

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS

5.2. Nhm d liu Trong nhiu bo co, sp xp cc bn ghi khng cng cha m cn phn thnh cc nhm. Nhm l tp hp cc bn ghi cng vi thng tin tm lc tiu biu cho mt th loi thng tin. Mt nhm thng c cu to nh sau: Tiu nhm (group header), nhm con (nu c), cc bn ghi chi tit v chn nhm ( Group footer) Tiu nhm 1 Tiu nhm 2 Tiu nhm 3 ................ ................ Tiu nhm 10 Cc bn ghi chi tit Chn nhm 10 ................ ................ Chn nhm 3 Chn nhm 2 Chn nhm 1

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS Chng 7 MACRRO

1. KHI NIM Macro trng MS Access l tp hp cc lnh (Hnh ng, hnh ng......) c nh sn nhm t ng thc hin chui cc tc v no m khng cn s can thip tng bc ca ngi s dng. Macro c th lin kt cc i tng trong tp tin c d liu (CSDL) nh: Table, Query, form, report....... nhm to ra cc ng dng khai thc c hiu qu.. Macro c dng khi c cc hnh ng no thng xuyn lp li trong MS Access hoc c dng khi cn kt hp cc hnh ng n gin nhm gii quyt mt vn no khi xy dng cc ng dng. Vic t ng ho cc hnh ng ny bi macro s c thc hin mt cch nhanh chng v chnh xc. 2.TO V THI HNH MT MACRO 2.1.To mt macro Ti ca s database, chn i tng Macro/ New Trong mc Action : chn cc hnh ng cho Macro. Tong mc Action arguments: Chn cc tham s tng ng cho hnh ng. Lu tr Macro: File/save.

2.2.Thi hnh macro Ti ca s database: Chn i tng Macro/Run. 3. CC HNH NG V CC THAM S Ms Acces cung cp mt s hnh ng to macro, mi hnh ng thc hin mt tc v no trn CSDL v tu thuc vo tham s ca mi hnh ng. Open table: M 1 bng d liu Table name: Tn bng cn m View: Chn dng th hin ca bng (Datasheet/ Design/ Print Preview

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS Data mode: Add: Dng nhp d liu Edit: Dng thm, xo, sa d liu trong bng Read Only: M bng ch xem d liu Open Query: M 1 truy vn Query name: Tn truy vn cn m View: Chn dng th hin ca bng (Datasheet/ Design/ Print Preview Data mode: Add: Dng nhp d liu Edit: Dng thm, xo, sa d liu trong bng Read Only: M bng ch xem d liu Open Form: M 1 biu mu Form name: Tn biu mu View: Chn dng th hin ( Form/ Design/ Print preview/ Datasheet) Filter name: Tn Query lc cc d liu hin th trong form. Where condition: iu kin lc d liu hin th trong form. Data mode: Add Edit Read Only : Dng nhp d liu : Dng thm, xo, sa d liu trong bng : M bng ch xem d liu : Dng ca s form bnh thng. : Dng ca s form c n i. : Ca s form thu nh thnh 1 biu tng. : Dng hp thoi.

Window mode: Normal Hidden Icon Dialog

Open Report: M 1 bo co Report name: Tn bo co View: Chn kiu in Print preview:In ra mn hnh.

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS Design: Dng thit k bo co Print: In ra my in Filter name: Tn Query lc cc d liu hin th trong Report. Where condition: iu kin lc d liu hin th trong Report. Run macro: Thc hin mt tp lnh Macro name: Tn macro cn thc hin Repeat count: S ln thc hin macro s lp li. Repeat Expression: Biu thc iu kin lp li khi thc hin macro. Macro ch dng khi khi biu thc iu kin nhn gi tr False. Open module: M ca s son tho th tc trong 1 module. Module name: Tn module cha th tc cn m. Procedure name: Tn th tc s m. Run code: Gi thc hin mt hm ca Access Basic Function name: Tn hm cn thc hin v cc i s ca hm. Run App: Cho thc hin mt ng dng no trong mi trng Windows Command line: ng dn n tp tin ca mt ng dng. Run SQL: Cho thc hin cu lnh SQL SQL Statement: Ni dung cu lnh SQL Maximize: Cc i ca s hin thi Minimize:Cc tiu ca s hin thi thnh mt biu tng. Restore: Phc hi ca s tr v kch thc c. Move size: Di chuyn hoc thay i kch thc ca s hin thi. Right: Khong cch t gc trn tri ca ca s ny n cnh tri ca ca s cha n. Down: Khong cch t gc trn tri ca ca s ny n n cnh trn ca ca s cha n. Width: Chiu rng ca ca s ny. Height: Chiu cao ca ca s ny. Stop Macro: Dng macro ang thc hin

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS Beep: Pht ting ku bp Hourglass: i dng con tr thnh ng h ct trong khi macro ang chy Hourglass On: Yes/No (i/ Khng i) Close: ng mt ca s ang hot ng Object Type: Loi ca s ca i tng cn ng nh Table, Query, form, Report, Macro hoc Module. Object name: Tn ca i tng cn ng. Quit: Thot khi MS Access v tr v Windows Option Prompt: Hin th hp thoi c lu tr khng? Nu i tng c thay i. Save all: Lu tr tt c mi i tng. Exit: Thot m khng cn lu tr. Print: In i tng hin thi Print Range: Phm vi cn in n. All: In tt c cc i tng Selection: In phn trang c chn Pages: In cc trang c chn Page from: Trang bt u in Page to: Trang kt thc in Print Quality: Cht lng in Copies: S bn cn in Collate Copies: C sp xp th t cc bn in teo trang. Msg Box: Hin th hp thng bo Message: Cu thng bo cn hin th Beep: Yes/ No: C/ Khng pht ra ting Bp khi hin th hp thng bo. Type: Loi hp thng bo. Title: Tiu ca hp thng bo. CancelEvent: Hu b mt s kin ang thc hin

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS Requery: Cp nht d liu cho mt i tng ang hot ng bng cch cp nht li d liu ngun ca i tng . Control name: Tn ca i tng cn cp nht d liu (Nu khng ch ra th s cp nht li d liu ngun ca chnh i tng ang hot ng). Select Object: Chn i tng trong CSDL Object Type: loi i tng cn chn. Object name: Tn i tng cn chn In Database Window: (Yes/No) Xc nh MS access c chn i tng trong ca s CSDL khng, mc nh l No. Set value: Gn mt gi tr cho 1 trng, 1 iu khin, hoc mt thuc tnh trn mt Form hoc 1 Report. Item:Tn trng, i tng hay thuc tnh mun gn gi tr. Expression: Biu thc cn gn gi tr cho Item.

Ch : Nu tn trng, tn i tng, tn thuc tnh 1 Form hoc 1 Report khc th

phi m t y . Trong Form khc: [Forms]![Tn Form]![Tn trng/Tn i tng] Trong Report khc: [Reports]![Tn Report]![Tn trng/Tn i tng] i vi cc thuc tnh [Forms/Reports]![Tn Form/Tn Report]![Tn trng].[Tn thuc tnh] Add menu: To thm mt Drop Down Menu vo mt menu bar cho mt form hoc Report. Menu name: Tn ca Drop Down Menu mun thm vo menu bar. Menu macro name: Tn macro cha cc lnh v vic to menu. Status bar: Thng bo thanh trng thi khi chn menu ny. Apply Filter: Lc (Truy vn) cc d liu khi x l Table, Form, Report. Filter name: Tn ca truy vn lc d liu. Where condition: iu kin lc d liu. FindRecord: Tm bn ghi u tin nm trong phm vi v tho mn iu kin.

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS Find What: Ni dung d liu cn tm l mt gi tr hoc mt biu thc, nu l biu thc s bt u du "=". Where: Qui nh cch so snh gi tr cn tm vi gi tr ca trng. Any part of field: Mt phn bt k ca trng. Match Whole field: Gi tr cn tm bng gi tr ca trng. Start of field: Gi tr cn tm l phn u ca trng. Match Case: Yes/No: C/Khng phn bit ch in hoa v ch in thng. Direction: Quy nh hng tm All: Tm ton b Up: Tm t bn ghi hin thi ln pha trn. Down: Tm t bn ghi hin thi ln pha di. Search As Formatted: Qui nh vic tm c da trn d liu sau khi nh dng trong cc trng hay khng? Search in: Qui nh vic tm trn trng hin thi hoc trn tt c cc trng. Current Field: Tm trn trng hin thi. All Fields: Tm tt c cc trng. Find First: Yes/No: Qui nh tm t bn ghi u tin hay tm t bn ghi hin thi. Findnext:Tm bn ghi k tip tho mn iu kin tm kim ca lnh FindRecord. CopyObject: Sao chp mt i tng trong tp tin CSDL hin thi thnh mt i tng khc ca tp tin CSDL khc trong MS Access. Destionation Database: Tn tp tin CSDL ch New name: Tn mi ca i tng sau khi sao chp. Source Object Type: Kiu ca i tng ngun. Source Object Name: Tn ca i tng ngun. DeleteObject: Xo mt i tng trong tp tin CSDL hin thi. Object Type: Kiu ca i tng. Object Name: Tn ca i tng 4. NHM TP LNH V TP LNH C IU KIN 4.1. Nhm tp lnh

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS L Macro cha cc macro con, thay v to ra nhiu macro vi nhiu tn khc nhau th cc macro ny c gom li thnh mt tn chung nhm gim bt s lng v thun li trong qu trnh s dng. Tuy nhin cc Macro c nhm khi chng c lin quan vi nhau. C th c nhiu Macro trong nhm c cng hnh ng, tuy nhin chng c phn bit bi tn Macro. t tn cho Macro ta thc hin: Ti ch thit k Macro: View/Macro name t tn cho Macro ti ct Macro name. Cch thc hin 1 macro trong macro name <Tn Macro Group>.<Tn Macso cn thc hin> 4.2. Macro c iu kin L macro c cha cc iu kin thi hnh cho mi hnh ng. Cch to Macro c iu kin Ti ch thit k Macro: Chn View/Conditions Ti ct Condition : t iu kin thi hnh cho mi hnh ng. V d

4.3. p dng Macro cho form v Report 4.3.1. Quy tc chung khi gi mt i tng i vi form i vi Report : Forms![Tn form]![Tn i tng] : Reports![Tn Report]![Tn i tng]

4.3.2. Cc thuc tnh ca mt i tng

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS Mun gn mt nt lnh trn mt biu mu hoc bo co vi mt Macro no vo nt lnh ny ta thc hin: Click chut phi vo nt lnh, chn Properties v gn Macro vo cc hnh ng tng ng. On Enter: Macro thi hnh khi nhn Enter vo bn trong i tng On Exit: Macro thi hnh khi thot khis i tng On Got Focus: Thit lp nhn bit khi c di chuyn con tr n mt form hoc 1 trng trn form ang m. On Click: Macro thi hnh khi click vo i tng On Dbl Click: Macro thi hnh khi Double click vo i tng. On Mouse Down: Macro thi hnh khi n v gi chut ti i tng On Mouse Move: Macro thi hnh khi di chuyn chut ra khi i tng On Mouse Up: Macro thi hnh khi nh chut ra khi i tng. On Key Down: Macro thi hnh khi n v gi mt phm i tng. On Key Press: Macro thi hnh khi n mt phm i tng. On Key Up: Macro thi hnh khi nh mt phm i tng. 4.3.3. Macro t ng thc hin sau khi m tp tin CSDL Chng ta c th to ra mt Macro m mi khi m mt tp tin CSDL th Macro ny t ng thc hin. to Macro t ng thc hin ta tin hnh cc thao tc sau: To macro Lu tr Macro vi tn AutoExec. 5. THIT K MENU TRONG ACCESS Trong cc ng dng, thng chng ta phi t chc Menu cho php ngi s dng thc hin cc hnh ng thng qua cc chc nng trn Menu ny. C 2 cch hin th cc Menu ca ngi s dng (Custom Menu) trong cc ng dng l: Menu ng vi 1 form xc nh no : Menu ny ch xut hin khi truy xut n Form ny.

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS Menu ton cc (Globally): Menu ton cc ny s xut hin trong cc ng dng v n ch c thay th khi c 1 menu ng vi form no c m. 5.1. To menu ca ngi s dng Chn View/Toolbars/Customize/New/ t tn cho thanh menu

Chn Properties v chn Type l Menu bar, close

Chn command, trng mc Categories chn New menu v ko sang thanh menu va to.

Click chut phi thay i cc tiu cho ph hp trn thanh menu. Tng t cho cc nhm khc.

C th to cc chc nng l cc hnh ng nh m bng, truy vn, biu mu.... bng cch ko cc biu tng ny trong mc command vo menu ang to.

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS 5.2. To menu ton cc Nu mun to mt menu ton cc s thay th menu c sn trong Access khi CSDL ny c m ta thc hin cc bc sau: M hoc to ra mt Macro c tn l Autoexec. Thm vo hnh ng: SetValue Trong mc cc tham s (arguments): Item: Application.menubar Expression: Tn ca Menubar ngi s dng to ra v t gia cp du ngoc kp "".

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS BI S 1 Khi ng MSACCESS, to mt CSDL c tn NHANSU.MDB ri ln lt to cc bng d liu sau Bng 1: Nhanvien STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Fieldname Manv Holot Ten Ngaysinh Gioitinh Maphong MaPXuong Diachi Ghichu Data Type Text Text Text Date/time Yes/No Text (Lookup) Text (Lookup) Text Memo Fieldsize 4 20 10 8 1 2 2 30 Note Kho chnh

Yes: Nam, No:Nu Ly t bng Dsphong Ly t bng dspxuong

Bng 2: Dsphong STT 1 2 3 Fieldname Maphong Tenphong Sodthoai Data Type Text Text Text Fieldsize 2 30 11 Note Kho chnh

Bng 3: Thunhap_NV

STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Fieldname Manv Luongchinh Heso Phucap Thue Thamnien Tongluong

Data Type Text (Lookup) Number Number Number Number Number Number

Fieldsize 4 Double Integer Double Double Byte Double

Note Kho chnh

Thu S nm thm nin

Bng 4: DSpxuong

STT 1

Fieldname Mapxuong

Data Type Text

Fieldsize 2

Note Kho chnh

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS 2 3 Tenpxuong Sodoanvien Text Number 20 Byte

S on vin

1. Hy nhp d liu thch hp cho cc bng trn. 2. M bng Nhanvien sp xp tng dn theo manv, sp xp gim dn theo ten. 3. Sp xp tng dn theo ten, nu ten trng nhau th sp xp gim dn theo holot nu holot trng nhau th sp xp gim dn theo maphong. 4. Lc v hin th danh sch nhng nhn vin c tn Thanh. 5. Lc v hin th nhng nhn vin c h Nguyen hoc Cao v c tn anh. 6. Lc v hin th nhnh nhn vin c Manv bt u l B v maphong l A1 hoc Manv bt u l C v maphong l A2. 7. Lc v hin th nhng nhn vin nam v c nm sinh 1975. 8. Lc v hin th nhng nhn vin nam sinh trong thi gian t 12/12/76 n 12/12/79. 9. Lc v hin th nhng nhn vin n c Mapxuong l P1 v sinh trong thng 10 nm 1975 hoc nhn vin nam c nm sinh 1972 n 1976. 10. M bng Thunhap_nv hin th nhng nhn vin c heso>100 v c luongchinh<500.000 hoc c phucap t 100.000 n 500.000.

BI S 2 1. M CSDL NHANSU.MDB trong bi thc hnh s 1 ri thc hin cc nhim v sau: t kho chnh cho trng Manv (nhanvien), Maphong(dsphong), manv(thunhap_nv) v mapxuong (dspxuong). Thit lp cc mi quan h gia cc bng d liu theo s sau

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS

Hy thit lp cc thuc tnh tham chiu ton vn v cc thuc tnh nh Format, caption, inputmask...... cho cc trng mt cch hp l. t thuc tnh Format ca trng ngaysinh : dd-mm-yy , Inputmask: 00/00/00 t thuc tnh Inputmask ca trng sodthoai : (000)000000 2. To mt truy vn query1 hin th nhng thng tin sau: Manv, holot, ten (trong bng nhanvien), Luongchinh, phucap (Trong bng Thunhap_nv), tenphong, maphong (Trong dsphong). 3. To mt truy vn query 2 hin th nhng thng tin sau: Manv, hoten ( Ni holot v ten), maphong, tenphong, mapxuong, tenpxuong, tongthunhap trong tongthunhap c tnh theo cng thc: Tongthunhap=luongchinh*heso+phucap-thue nu l nhn vin nam. Tongthunhap=luongchinh*heso+phucap nu l nhn vin n . 4. To mt truy vn query3 hin th nhng nhn vin c maphong l p1 v mapxuong l x1 sinh trong thng 7 nm 1976 bao gm nhng tin sau: Hoten, gioitinh, maphong, tenphong, mapxuong, tenpxuong. 5. To mt truy vn query4 hin th nhng nhn vin n v c maphong l p2 hoc p3 sinh trong ngy 20 thng 12 bao gm nhng thng tin: Hoten, maphong, ngaysinh, gioitinh (ch gi tr trng gioitinh phi hin th nam hoc n).

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS 6. To mt truy vn query5 hin th nhng nhn vin nam c tongthunhap>=60000 hoc thuc maphong l p2 v khng phi h Nguyn bao gm nhng thng tin: Ten, maphong, tenphong, tongthunhap. 7. To mt truy vn query6 hin th nhng nhn vin n c maphong khng bt u l p hoc nhng nhn vin thuc phn xng khng c on vin no bao gm nhng thng tin sau: Holot, ten, gioitinh, tenpxuong. 8. To mt truy vn query7 hin th nhng nhn vin nam tn Thanh hoc Long hoc nhng nhn vin n khng phi h L hoc trn bao gm nhng thng tin: Hoten, gioitinh, maphong, tenphong. 9. To mt truy vn query8 hin th nhng nhn vin nam sinh trong khong thi gian t nm 1973 n 1980 thuc phn xng c mapxuong l x2 hoc nhng nhn vin khng c thu sinh trong thng 4 n thng 8 nm 1975 bao gm nhng thng tin: Holot, ten, thangsinh, namsinh, mapxuong, tenpxuong. 10. To mt truy vn query9 hin th nhng thng tin: Hoten, namsinh, thamnien, luongchinh, trong nu Luongchinh>=3000 v nhn vin n th thamnien l 35. Luongchinh>=4000 v nhn vin nam th thamnien l 30. BI S 3

To mt CSDL c tn QLTV.MDB, ri ln lt to cc bng d liu sau: Bng 1: Loaisach

STT 1 2 3 4 5 6

Fieldname Masach Tensach Tentacgia Namxb Soluongco Sotrang

Data Type Text Text Text Date/time Number Number

Fieldsize 4 20 20 8 3 5

Note Kho chnh

S lng c S trang sch

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS 7 Manxb Text 4 M nh xut bn

Bng 1: Docgiamuon

STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Fieldname Hoten Quequan Madocgia Masach Sluong Ngaymuon Ngayhen

Data Type Text Text Text Text (Lookup) Number Date/time Date/time

Fieldsize 30 30 4 4 1 8 8

Note

Kho chnh Ly d liu t Loaisach S lng mn Ngy mn Ngy hn tr

Bng 3: Docgiatra

STT 1 2 3

Fieldname Madocgia Masach Ngaytra

Data Type Text Text Date/time

Fieldsize 4 4 8

Note Kho chnh Ngy tr

Bng 4: : Nhaxban

STT 1 2 3

Fieldname Manxban Ten_xb Diachi_nxb

Data Type Text Text Text

Fieldsize 4 30 30

Note Kho chnh Tn nh xut bn a ch Nh XB

1. Nhp d liu thch hp cho cc bng d liu. 2. t kho chnh cho cc trng: masach(Loaisach), Madocgia(Docgiamuon), Madocgia(Docgiatra), manxban(Nhaxban).

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS 3. Thit lp cc mi quan h gia cc bng d liu theo s sau

4. To mt truy vn TV1 hin th danh sch c gi mn sch trong thng 10 nm 98 bao gm nhng thng tin: Hoten, ngaymuon, tensach, tentacgia. 5. To mt truy vn TV2 hin th s lng cn ca mi loi sch ca nh xut bn Kim ng bao gm nhng thng tin: tensach, nxban, soluongcon. 6. To mt truy vn TV3 hin th danh sch nhng c gi mn sch qu hn bao gm nhng thng tin: Hoten, Ngaymuon, Ngayhen, songayqua (S ngy qu hn). 7. To mt truy vn TV4 hin th danh sch nhng c gi mn sch qu hn bao gm nhng thng tin Hoten, sluong, mucquahan Trong : Mucquahan l Mc 1 nu songayqua<5 Mucquahan l Mc 2 nu songayqua<10 Mucquahan l Mc 3 nu songayqua>=10 8. To mt truy vn TV5 hin th danh sch nhng c gi tr sch ng hn hoc sm hn bao gm nhng thng tin: Hoten, masach, tensach. 9. To mt truy vn TV6 hin th nhng loi sch c s trang >100 v s lng cn l 20 ca nh xut bn gio dc hoc tn sch c ch Tin hc bao gm Tensach, sotrang, ten_xb, tentacgia. BI S 4 1. S dng CSDL QLTV.MDB, to mt truy vn Truyvan1 hin th tng s lng mn ca tng loi sch trong th vin.

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS 2. To mt truy vn Truyvan2 hin th tng s lng mn ca tng loi sch trong thng 12 nm 1998. 3. To mt truy vn Truyvan3 hin th tng s lng mn ca tng loi sch theo tng thng trong nm 1999. 4. To mt truy vn Truyvan4 hin th tng s lng mn ca tng loi sch theo tng thng ca mt nm no (Thng v nm c nhp t bn phm). 5. To mt truy vn Truyvan8 hin th s lng mn ca tng loi sch trong nm 1999 v c s lng mn ca mi c gi >2. 6. To mt truy vn Truyvan9 hin th tng s loi sch c trong th vin. 7. To mt truy vn Truyvan10 hin th tng s loi sch trong th vin cho mn trong nm 1998. 8. To mt truy vn Truyvan11 hin th tn ca c gi no mn sch trong thng 1 nm 2001 (Tn c nhp t bn phm). 9. To mt truy vn Truyvan12 hin th tn sch v tn tc gi xut bn sch trong nm 2002 (Tn sch nhp t bn phm, H ca tc gi nhp t bn phm). 10. To mt truy vn tham kho cho Truyvan13 phn nh tng s mi loi sch mn cho mn trong thng 11 nm 2000. 11. To mt truy vn tham kho cho Truyvan14 hin th tng s lai sch xut bn trong nm 1995. 12. To mt truy vn Truyvan14 xo nhng sinh vin mn sch qu hn 5 ngy.

BI S 5 To mt CSDL c tn QLSV.MDB, ri to cc bng d liu sau: Bng 1: DSSV

STT 1 2 3

Fieldname Masv Malop Hotensv

Data Type Text Text Text

Fieldsize 4 4 30

Note Kho chnh

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS 4 5 6 7 Ngaysinh Quequan Gioitinh Hocbong Date/time Text Yes/No Number 8 30 1 Double

Bng 2: DSDIEM

STT 1 2 3 4

Fieldname Masv Mamon Diem_lan1 Diem_lan2

Data Type Text Text Number Number

Fieldsize 4 2 Double Double

Note Kho chnh M mn hc im thi ln 1 im thi ln 2

Bng 3: DSLOP

STT 1 2 3 4

Fieldname Malop Tenlop Nganh_hoc Khoahoc

Data Type Text Text Text Text

Fieldsize 4 20 30 2

Note Kho chnh

Bng 3: DSMON

STT 1 2 3

Fieldname Mamon Tenmon So_htrinh

Data Type Text Text Number

Fieldsize 2 20 Byte

Note Kho chnh S hc trnh

1. Nhp d liu thch hp cho cc bng d liu. 2. t kho chnh cho cc trng: MASV(DSSV), MASV(DSDIEM), MALOP(DSLOP), Mamon(DSMON).

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS 3. Thit lp cc mi quan h gia cc bng theo s sau:

4. To mt truy vn BT1 hin th tng s sinh vin ca mi lp l bao nhiu? 5. To mt truy vn tham kho cho BT2 phn nh tng s sinh vin xp loi Xsc, Gii, kh, Tb, Yu ca mi lp. 6. T bng d liu DSSV, to mt truy vn BT3 to ra bng d liu DSLUU lu tr nhng sinh vin c M lp bt u l T hoc H. 7. T bng d liu DSSV, to mt truy vn BT4 to ra mt bng d liu DSNAM lu tr nhng sinh vin nam sinh trong nm 1976 bao gm cc thng tin: HOTENV, QUEQUAN, GIOTINH. 8. T bng d liu DSSV, to mt truy vn BT5 to ra mt bng d liu DSNU lu tr nhng sinh vin n sinh trong qu 3 nm 1979 bao gm cc thng tin: HOTENV, QUEQUAN, GIOTINH. 9. To mt truy vn BT6 tng hc bng cho nhng sinh vin n thm 30%. 10. To mt truy vn BT7 ni d liu t bng DSNAM vo bng DSNU. 11. To truy vn BT8 xo nhng sinh vin c qu qun Nng v c m lp bt u l B. BI S 6

1. S dng ngn ng SQL to cu trc ca cc bng d liu sau:

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS

DSTRUONG ( MATRUONG, TENTRUONG, DIACHI ) DSKHOA ( MATRUONG, MAKHOA, TENKHOA, SODT ) DANHSACH ( MASV, MAKHOA, HOTEN, NGAYSINH, LOP, HOCBONG ) BANGDIEM ( MASV, DTBK1, DTBK2, DTBK3, DTBK4 ) Trong : Cc trng in m v gch chn l kho chnh, kiu d liu v kch thuc ca cc c m t nh sau: Bng DSTRUONG MATRUONG TEXT(2), TENTRUONG TEXT(20), DIACHI TEXT(30) Bng DSKHOA MATRUONG TEXT(2), MAKHOA TEXT(4), TENKHOA TEXT(10), SODT TEXT(6). Trng SODT c lp ch mc. Bng DANHSACH MASV c lp ch mc. Bng BANGDIEM MASV TEXT(4), DTBK1 (DOUBLE), DTBK2 (DOUBLE), DTBK3 (DOUBLE), DTBK4 (DOUBLE). TEXT(4), MAKHOA TEXT(4), HOTEN TEXT(30),

NGAYSINH(DATE/TIME), LOP TEXT(10), HOCBONG (DOUBLE). Trng MASV

Ch Sau khi to cu trc cc bng d liuxong, hy nhp d liu v thit lp mi quan h gia cc bng ph hp. Trng HOCBONG trong bngg DANHSACH ch nhp mt trong ba gi tr 120000, 180000 hoc 240000. 2. S dng ngn ng SQL thay i cu trc ca bng d liu

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS a. Thm trung GHICHU c kiu MEMO vo trong bng DANHSACH b. Thm trng TBCONG c kiu DOUBLE vo trong bng BANGDIEM c. Thm trng QUEQUAN c kiu TEXT v GIOITINH c kiu YES/NO vo bng DANHSACH v lp ch mc trng QUEQUAN. 3. S dng ngn ng SQL to cc truy vn chn sau a. Chn MATRUONG, MAKHOA, TENKHOA trong bng DSKHOA. b. Chn MATRUONG, MAKHOA, SODT trong bng DSKHOA ca nhng trng c MATRUONG bt u l Q. c. Chn MASV, MAKHOA, HOTEN ca nhng sinh vin sinh trong khong thi gian t 20/10/74 n 20/10/76 trong bng DANHSACH. d. Chn MASV, HOTEN, LOP, HOCBONG ca nhng sinh vin c MASV bt u l T v thuc lp Tin hc hoc Ho hc hoc kinh t trong bng DANHSACH ( HOTEN i thnh H v tn). e. Chn nhng sinh vin c tn THANH sinh trong thng 10/76 hoc c HOCBONG trong khong t 150000 n 200000. 4. S dng ngng ng SQL to cc truy vn tnh tng sau: a. To mt truy vn tnh tng HOCBONG ca mi khoa. b. To mt truy vn thng k xem mi khoa s lng sinh vin l bao nhiu? c. To mt truy vn tnh tng HOCBONG ca mi lp trong mi khoa. d. To mt truy vn thng k xem mi trng c bao nhiu khoa? 5. S dng ngn ng SQL to cc truy vn tham s sau: a. To mt truy vn tham s thng k xem mi mc HOCBONG mi khoa c bao nhiu sinh vin.

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS b. To mt truy vn tham s thng k xem s lng sinh vin sinh trong mi thng ca nm 1979 ca mi khoa l bao nhiu? 6. S dng ngng ng SQL to cc truy vn to bng sau: a. To mt bng DIEMLUU gm tt c cc trng trong bng DIEMTHI. b. To mt bng DSLUU gm cc trng MASV, MAKHOA, HOTEN t bng DANHSACH ca nhng sinh vin sinh trc ngy 20/11/76. c. To mt bng DSLUU1 gm cc trng HOTEN, LOP ca nhng sinh vin thuc lp Tin K25A v sinh nm 1985 hoc trc nm 1978. 7. S dng ngn ng SQL to cc truy vn ni d liu sau: a. To mt truy vn ni d liu t bng DIEMLUU vo DIEMTHI nhng ch gm cc trng DTBK1, DTBK2. b. To mt truy vn ni d liu t bng DIEMLUU vo DIEMTHI nhng ch gm cc trng DTBK1, DTBK2, DTBK3 i vi nhng bn ghi ghi c DTBK3>=8. 8. S dng ngn ng SQL to cc truy vn cp nht d liu sau: a. Tnh gi tr trng DTBCONG ca bng DIEMTHI theo cng thc (DTBK1+ DTBK2+ DTBK3+ DTBK4)/4. b. Tng HOCBONG thm 100.000 cho nhng sinh vin c MASV bt u l A trong bng DANHSACH. c. Gim HOCBONG i 50.000 cho nhng sinh vin c nm sinh t 1975 n 1978 hoc nhng sinh vin c tn NHAN. 9. S dng ngn ng SQL to cc truy vn xo sau: a. To mt truy vn xo nhng sinh vin thuc khoa ton. b. To mt truy vn xo nhng sinh vin sinh trong khong thi gian t 20/10/74 n 20/10/76 hoc c HOCBONG=120.000.

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS c. To mt truy vn xo nhng sinh vin c h NGUYEN hoc tn THANH sinh trong thng 7 nm 1978. 10. S dng ngn ng SQL to cc truy vn da trn nhiu bng sau: a. To truy vn hin th HOTEN, TENKHOA, LOP, HOCBONG t 2 bng d liu DSKHOA v DANHSACH. b. To mt truy vn hin th TENTRUONG, TENKHOA, HOTEN ca nhng sinh vin sinh trong nm 1980 t 3 bng DSTRUONG, DSKHOA, DANHSACH. c. To mt truy vn hin th TENTRUONG, TENKHOA, HOTEN, DTBK1, DTBK2 t 4 bng d liu DSTRUONG, DSKHOA, DANHSACH, DIEMTHI. 11. S dng ngn ng SQL to cc truy vn con sau: a. To mt truy vn hin th HOTEN, NGAYSINH, LOP ca nhng sinh vin c DTBK4>=5. b. To mt truy vn hin th it nht mt sinh vin c DTBK2<=4. 12. S dng ngn ng SQL to cc truy vn hi sau: a. To truy vn hi hin th HOTEN, DTBK1, DTBK2 t 2 bng d liu DIEMTHI v DIEMLUU. b. To truy vn hi hin th HOTEN, DTBK1, DTBK2, DTBK3 t 2 bng d liu DIEMTHI v DIEMLUU nhng ch hin th nhng sinh vin c DTBK3>=7.

BI S 7 S dng CSDL QLSV.MDB trong bi tp s 5 thc hin cc yu cu sau: 1. To mt form c tn Nhaplop nhp d liu cho bng dslop nh sau:

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS

2. To mt form chnh ph nh sau:

3. To mt form c tn Hienthi hin th danh sch sinh vin nh sau :

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS 4. Hy thit k form theo yu cu sau:

Hy gn cc chc nng ph hp vi cc mc chn. 5. Hy thit k mt Report theo yu cu sau:

BI S 8 Cho CSDL QLSVIEN.MBD gm cc bng d liu sau:

DSSVIEN(MASV, MALOP, HOTENSVIEN, NGAYSINH, GTINH, QQUAN)

DSMONHOC(MAMON, TENMON, SOH_TRINH)

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS DSDIEMTHI(MASV, MAMON, DIEM_LAN1, DIEM_LAN2)

DSGIAOVIEN(MAGV, HOTENGVIEN, DIACHI, NOI_CT)

DSLOPHOC(MALOP, NGANH_HOC, KHOA_HOC)

GVMONHOC(MAGV, MAMON)

DSLOPMON(MALOP, MAMON, NGAYTHI) Mi quan h gia cc bng d liu theo s sau:

1. To cc biu mu cp nht d liu cho cc bng trn, ch s dng combo box hoc List box i vi cc trng cn thit. 2. To bo co hin th danh sch sinh vin trong mt lp hc no , bao gm c ngnh hc tng ng. 3. To bo co hin th danh sch sinh vin trong tng lp hc, bao gm c ngnh hc, trong cc sinh vin cng mt lp th tn lp c nhm li vi nhau. 4. To bo co hin th danh sch gio vin ging dy cc mt hc cho mt lp no . 5. To bo co hin th danh sch gio vin tham gia ging dy cc mn hc cho nhiu lp hc, trong cc gio vin ging dy cc mn hc cho mt lp hc c nhm li vi nhau.

Gio trnh CSDL ACCESS 6. To bo co hin th im thi cc mn hc ca mt sinh vin. 7. To bo co hin th im thi mt mn hc ca mt lp no .