1

1.
2.

(1990)

(AI)

 (Alan Turing)

50

21

: 1

: 2
2

: 2

 20


(1943 1956)
Warren McCulloch Walter Pitts 1943

McCullochAlan Turing
,
(artificial neural networksANN)


John von Neumann1930

(ENIAC)

(EDVAC)
McCulloch Pitts

Marvin Minsky Dean Edmonds1951

 Claude
Shannon (MIT)
1941Alan Turing
1950

10120 (Shannon
1950)von Neumann
310106
Shannon

 1956 , John McCarthy, Martin Minsky

Claude Shannon

IBM

10


(195660)
McCulloch Pitts

Frank Rosenblatt


(GPS)
Allen Newell Herbert
Simon

Newell Simon
-

 GPS

GPS

60

 1970


(20602070)
2060



1957
Sputnik

1966

 1971
James Lighthill


(20702080)

2070

DENDRAL
 DENDRAL

(NASA)

Edward Feigenbaum Bruce

Buchanan()Joshua Lederberg(
)


Feigenbaum

Lederberg

 DENDRAL

(rules-ofthumb) DENDRAL

DENDRAL

MYCIN
MYCIN

MYCIN 450
IF-THEN

EMYCIN(Empty
MYCIN) MYCIN

PROSPECTOR
PROSPECTOR
9
PROSPECTOR

 1986 (Waterman 1986)

Waterman200

7(Durkin, 1994)
2500

60%

:

MYCIN

MYCIN

30


(2080)
2080

 20 60
80

20 80

 Grossberg ()

(Grossberg1980)
HopfieldHopfield
20 80
(Hopfield1982)
Kohonen
(Kohonen1982)
BartoSuttonAnderson
(Barto et al.1983)

 1986 Rumelhart
McClellandParallel Distributed Processing(1986)

Bryson Ho 1969 (Bryson

Ho1969)
McCullochPitts


(2070)


(2080)


Lotfi Zadeh 1965

1987

Lotfi Zadeh

54

(19431956)

McCullochPitts
1943
Turing1950
(von
Neumann)
Shannon
1950
(Dartmouth College)

1956

(195620
60)

LISP(McCarthy)
(GPR)(Newell
Simon)
NewellSimon
1972
Minsky1975

(2060
70)

Cook1971
Karp1972
Lighthill1971

(2070
80)

DENDRAL(Feigenbaum, Buchanan
Lederberg)
MYCIN(FeigenbaumShortliffe
)
PROSPECTOR()
PROLOG-
(Colmerauer, RousselKowalski
)
EMYCIN()
Waterman1986
Hopfield

(1965

1982
Kohonen
1982
RumelhartMcClelland
1986
IEEE1987
Haykin1994
Matlab
(MathWork)

(2070
)

Rechenberg-
1973
Holland
1975
Koza
1992
Schwefel1995
Fogel
1995

(2080)

Zadeh1965
Zadeh1969
Mamdani
1977
Sugeno1983
(
)
()1986
Negoita1985
IEEE1992
Kosko1992
Kosko1993
YagerZadeh
1994
Cox1994
Kosko1996
Zadeh1996
Matlab
(MathWork)