IR tables

Grup atomic OH NH2 CH

Numr de und (cm-1) 3600 3400 3300

Grup atomic
C=O C = C

C = N\
CC

Numr de und (cm-1) 1750-1600 1650 1600

3060

CN C O\

1200-1000

=CH2 CH3

CH2 SH CN C C

3030 2970 (asim. ntind.) 2870 (sim. ntind.) 1460 (asim. deform.) 1375 (sim. deform.) 2930 (asim. ntind.) 2860 (sim. ntind.) 1470 (deformare) 2580 2250 2220

C=S

1100 1050

CF

C Cl C Br CI

725 650 550

Functional Group

Molecular Motion C-H stretch

Wavenumber (cm-1) 2950-2800 ~1465 ~1375 ~720 3100-3010 1690-1630 1640-1610 1430-1290 ~990 & ~910 ~970 ~890 ~700 ~815 ~3300

alkanes

CH2 bend CH3 bend CH2 bend (4 or more) =CH stretch C=C stretch (isolated) C=C stretch (conjugated) C-H in-plane bend

alkenes

C-H bend (monosubstituted) C-H bend (disubstituted - E) C-H bend (disubstituted - 1,1) C-H bend (disubstituted - Z) C-H bend (trisubstituted)

alkynes

acetylenic C-H stretch

C,C triple bond stretch acetylenic C-H bend C-H stretch C=C stretch aromatics C-H bend (mono) C-H bend (ortho) C-H bend (meta) C-H bend (para) alcohols O-H stretch C-O stretch ethers C-O-C stretch (dialkyl) C-O-C stretch (diaryl) aldehydes C-H aldehyde stretch C=O stretch ketones C=O stretch C-C stretch O-H stretch carboxylic acids C=O stretch C-O stretch O-H bend C=O stretch esters C-C(O)-C stretch (acetates) C-C(O)-C stretch (all others) acid chlorides C=O stretch C-Cl stretch anhydrides C=O stretch C-O stretch N-H stretch (1 per N-H bond) N-H bend amines C-N Stretch (alkyl) C-N Stretch (aryl) N-H bend (oop) amides N-H stretch

~2150 650-600 3020-3000 ~1600 & ~1475 770-730 & 715-685 770-735 ~880 & ~780 & ~690 850-800 ~3650 or 3400-3300 1260-1000 1300-1000 ~1250 & ~1120 ~2850 & ~2750 ~1725 ~1715 1300-1100 3400-2400 1730-1700 1320-1210 1440-1400 1750-1735 1260-1230 1210-1160 1810-1775 730-550 1830-1800&1775-1740 1300-900 3500-3300 1640-1500 1200-1025 1360-1250 ~800 3500-3180

C=O stretch N-H bend N-H bend (1o) C-F stretch alkyl halides C-Cl stretch C-Br stretch C-I stretch nitriles isocyanates isothiocyanates imines nitro groups mercaptans sulfoxides sulfones sulfonates C,N triple bond stretch -N=C=O stretch -N=C=S stretch R2C=N-R stretch -NO2 (aliphatic) -NO2 (aromatic) S-H stretch S=O stretch S=O stretch S=O stretch S-O stretch phosphines phosphine oxides P-H stretch PH bend P=O

1680-1630 1640-1550 1570-1515 1400-1000 785-540 650-510 600-485 ~2250 ~2270 ~2125 1690-1640 1600-1530&1390-1300 1550-1490&1355-1315 ~2550 ~1050 ~1300 & ~1150 ~1350 & ~11750 1000-750 2320-2270 1090-810 1210-1140

frequency, cm1 36403610 (s, sh) 35003200 (s,b) 34003250 (m) 33002500 (m) 33303270 (n, s) 31003000 (s) 31003000 (m) 30002850 (m) 28302695 (m) 22602210 (v)

bond OH stretch, free hydroxyl OH stretch, Hbonded NH stretch OH stretch C(triple bond) CH: CH stretch CH stretch =CH stretch CH stretch HC=O: CH stretch C(triple bond)N stretch

functional group alcohols, phenols alcohols, phenols primary, secondary amines, amides carboxylic acids alkynes (terminal) aromatics alkenes alkanes aldehydes nitriles

22602100 (w) 17601665 (s 17601690 (s) 17501735 (s) 17401720 (s) 17301715 (s) 1715 (s) 17101665 (s) 16801640 (m) 16501580 (m) 16001585 (m) 15501475 (s) 15001400 (m) 14701450 (m) 13701350 (m) 13601290 (m) 13351250 (s) 13201000 (s) 13001150 (m) 13001150 (m) 12501020 (m) 1000650 (s) 950910 (m) 910665 (s, b) 900675 (s) 850550 (m) 725720 (m) 700610 (b, s) 690515 (m)

C(triple bond)C stretch C=O stretch C=O stretch C=O stretch C=O stretch C=O stretch C=O stretch C=O stretch C=C stretch NH bend CC stretch (inring) NO asymmetric stretch CC stretch (inring) CH bend CH rock NO symmetric stretch CN stretch CO stretch CH wag (CH2X) CH wag (CH2X) CN stretch =CH bend OH bend NH wag CH "oop" CCl stretch CH rock C(triple bond)CH: CH bend CBr stretch

alkynes carbonyls (general) carboxylic acids esters, saturated aliphatic aldehydes, saturated aliphatic alpha,betaunsaturated esters ketones, saturated aliphatic alpha,betaunsaturated aldehydes, ketones alkenes primary amines aromatics nitro compounds aromatics alkanes alkanes nitro compounds aromatic amines alcohols, carboxylic acids, esters, ethers alkyl halides alkyl halides aliphatic amines alkenes carboxylic acids primary, secondary amines aromatics alkyl halides alkanes alkynes alkyl halides

m=medium, w=weak, s=strong, n=narrow, b=broad, sh=sharp Infrared Spectroscopy Table Functional Group Frequency (cm-1) water OH Stretch 3700-3100

intensity strong

alcohol OH stretch carboxylic acid OH stretch N-H stretch stretch =C-H stretch -C-H stretch -C-H aldehydic stretch stretch C=O aldehyde C=O anhydride C=O ester C=O ketone C=O amide C=C alkene C=C aromatic CH2 bend CH3 bend C-O-C stretch C-OH stretch NO2 stretch C-F C-Cl C-Br C-I

3600-3200 3600-2500 3500-3350 ~3300 3100-3000 2950-2840 2900-2800 ~2250 2260-2100 1740-1720

strong strong strong strong weak weak variable strong variable strong

1840-1800, 1780-1740 weak, strong 1750-1720 1745-1715 1700-1500 1680-1600 1600-1400 1480-1440 1465-1440, 1390-1365 1250-1050 several 1200-1020 1600-1500 and 1400-1300 1400-1000 800-600 750-500 ~500 strong strong strong weak weak medium medium strong strong strong strong strong strong strong

Table of IR Absorptions Characteristic Absorption(s) (cm-1)

Functional Group

Notes Alkane C-H bonds are fairly ubiquitous and therefore usually less useful in determining structure. Absorption peaks above 3000 cm-1 are frequently diagnostic of unsaturation

Alkyl C-H Stretch

2950 - 2850 (m or s)

Alkenyl C-H Stretch Alkenyl C=C Stretch Alkynyl C-H Stretch Alkynyl C=C Stretch Aromatic C-H Stretch Aromatic C-H Bending

3100 - 3010 (m) 1680 - 1620 (v) ~3300 (s) 2260 - 2100 (v) ~3030 (v) 860 - 680 (s)

Aromatic C=C Bending

1700 - 1500 (m,m) See "Free vs. Hyrdogen-Bonded Hydroxyl Groups" in the Introduction to IR Spectra for more information

Alcohol/Phenol O-H Stretch

3550 - 3200 (broad, s)

Carboxylic Acid O-H Stretch

3000 - 2500 (broad, v) Primary amines produce two N-H stretch absorptions, secondary amides only one, and tetriary none.

Amine N-H Stretch

3500 - 3300 (m)

Nitrile C=N Stretch

2260 - 2220 (m) The carbonyl stretching absorption is one of the strongest IR absorptions, and is very useful in structure determination as one can determine both the number of carbonyl groups (assuming peaks do not overlap) but also an estimation of which types. As with amines, an amide produces zero to two N-H absorptions depending on its type.

Aldehyde C=O Stretch Ketone C=O Stretch Ester C=O Stretch Carboxylic Acid C=O Stretch Amide C=O Stretch

1740 - 1690 (s) 1750 - 1680 (s) 1750 - 1735 (s) 1780 - 1710 (s) 1690 - 1630 (s)

Amide N-H Stretch

3700 - 3500 (m)