BI 5

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NI DUNG
M HNH TCP/IP PHN TNG TCP/IP GIAO THC IP GIAO THC TCP

GIAO THC UDP

SO SNH M HNH OSI V TCP/IP

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M HNH TCP/IP
TCP/IP l giao thc ch yu c s dng trn Internet vi tc truyn d liu gia 2 my tnh bt k bng tc nh sng. c pht trin t mng ARPANET v lch s ra i ca TCP/IP gn lin vi B Quc Phng M nn m hnh TCP/IP cn c gi l DoD (Department 0f Defense)

TCP l giao thc thuc tng vn chuyn v IP l giao thc thuc tng mng ca m hnh OSI
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PHN TNG TCP/IP

M hnh TCP/IP bao gm 4 tng: tng ng dng, tng Vn chuyn, tng Internet v tng Truy xut mng. Tng ng dng (Application Layer): Kim sot cc giao thc mc cao v m bo d liu c ng gi mt cch thch hp cho lp k tip.

Tng Vn chuyn (Transport Layer): Kim sot v cht lng dch v nh tin cy, iu khin lung v sa li.
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PHN TNG TCP/IP

Tng Internet (Network Layer): Bo m truyn cc gi bt ngun t bt k mng no trn lin mng v n c ch trong iu kin c lp vi ng dn v cc mng m chng i qua. Giao thc c trng l IP Tng Truy xut mng (Link Layer): Lin quan n vn m mt gi IP yu cu to ra lin kt vt l tht s. N bao gm tng Lin kt d liu v tng Vt l ca m hnh OSI
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So snh m hnh OSI v TCP/IP

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GIAO THC TCP/IP

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) : Th tc lin lc tng vn chuyn c nhim v m bo lin lc thng sut v tnh ng n 2 u kt ni.
UDP (User Datagram Protocol): Bo m nng cao tc truyn d liu. IP (Internet Protocol): Vn chuyn cc Datagram trong mng Ineternet

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GIAO THC TCP/IP

ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) : Th tc truyn thng tin iu khin trn mng.
IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol): Giao thc iu khin cc thng tin ca nhm ARP (Address Resolution Protocol): Xc nh a ch vt l ng vi a ch IP. RARP (Reverse Address Resolution Protocol): Xc nh a ch IP trn ton mng.
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GIAO THC IP
Nhim v chnh ca giao thc IP l cung cp kh nng kt ni cc mng con thnh lin kt mng truyn d liu. Giao thc IP l giao thc ca tng mng v l giao thc kiu khng lin kt.
S a ch ha nh danh cc trm trong lin mng gi l a ch IP 32 bits. a ch IP gm 2 phn: a ch mng (NetId) v a ch my (HostId)
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GIAO THC IP
Mi a ch IP c di 32 bits, c tch thnh 4 vng v dng du chm phn cch.
Do t chc v ln ca mng con (subnet) ca lin mng c th khc nhau, ngi ta chia cc a ch IP thnh 5 lp: A, B, C, D v E. Lp A, B v C cha cc a ch c th gn c. Lp D dnh ring cho k thut multicasting v lp E c dnh cho nhng ng dng trong tng lai.

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GIAO THC IP
Cu trc ca a ch IP nh sau: Lp A: NetId l 1 byte v HostId l 3 bytes Lp B: NetId l 2 byte v HostId l 2 bytes Lp C: NetId l 3 byte v HostId l 1 bytes

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IP Address

0******* NetID

********* 00000000 0
********* NetID

********* HostID 00000000 0

*********

********* 00000000 0
*********

Subnet Mask 11111111 Subnet Mask 255

IP Address

10******

HostID 00000000 0
*********

Subnet Mask Subnet Mask

11111111 255
110*****

11111111 255
********* NetID

00000000 0
********* HostID

IP Address

Subnet Mask Subnet Mask

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11111111 255

11111111 255

11111111 255

00000000 0

GIAO THC IP
Mt s a ch c tnh cht c bit:

a ch c HostId = 0 c dng hng ti mng nh danh bi vng NetId V d: 10.0.0.0 (Lp A) a ch c vng HostId gm ton s 1 c dng hng ti tt c cc Host ni vo mng NetId V d: 10.255.255.255 (Lp A)
V nu vng NetID cng ton l s 1 th n hng ti tt c cc Host trong lin mng.
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GIAO THC IP
Mt s a ch c tnh cht c bit: Bt k a ch no bt u bng 127 c gi l a ch LoopBack

Cc vng a ch khng nh tuyn trn internet

Lp A: 10.xx.xx.xx

Lp B: 172.16.xx.xx n 172.32.xx.xx
Lp C: 192.168.xx.xx
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GIAO THC IP
Trong nhiu trng hp mt mng c th chia c chia thnh nhiu mng con (Subnet), lc c th da thm cc vng SubnetId nh danh cc mng con. Vng SubnetId c ly t vng HostId, c th i vi cc lp A, B, C nh v d sau:

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GIAO THC TCP

TCP l giao thc c lin kt ngha l cn phi thit lp lin kt gia hai thc th TCP trc khi chng trao i d liu vi nhau. Mt tin trnh ng dng trong mt my tnh truy cp vo cc dch v ca giao thc TCP thng qua mt cng (port) ca TCP. S hiu cng TCP c th hin bi 2 bytes
Mt cng TCP kt hp vi a ch IP to thnh mt u ni TCP/IP (socket) duy nht trong lin mng.
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GIAO THC TCP

Cc bc thc hin thit lp mt lin kt TCP/IP - Phng thc b ng: User yu cu TCP ch mt lin kt n t xa thng qua mt u ni TCP/IP

- Phng thc ch ng: User yu cu TCP m mt lin kt vi mt u ni TCP/IP xa

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GIAO THC TCP

Khi User gi i mt yu cu m lin kt s c nhn hai thng s tr li t TCP - Thng s Open ID c TCP tr li ngay lp tc gn cho mt lin kt cc b cho lin kt c yu cu. - Khi TCP thit lp c lin kt yu cu n gi tham s Open Success c dng thng bo lin kt c thit lp thnh cng.
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GIAO THC UDP

UDP l giao thc theo phng thc khng lin kt c s dng thay th cho TCP trn IP theo yu cu ca tng ng dng. UDP khng c kh nng thit lp v kt thc lin kt. Qua cho thy UDP cung cp cc dch v vn chuyn khng tin cy nh TCP. UDP cung cp c ch gn v qun l cc s hiu cng nh danh duy nht cho cc ng dng chy trn mt trm ca mng Do t cha nng phc tp nn UDP hot ng nhanh hn TCP Trng Ngc T

CU HI N TP
1. Trnh by nhim v ca cc tng trong m hnh TCP/IP

2. Trnh by cc chc nng chnh ca m hnh TCP/IP

3. Trnh by cu trc ca a ch IP v cho v d theo tng lp A, B v C. 4. Subnet l g? Cho mt vi a ch subnet. 5. So snh m hnh OSI v m hnh TCP/IP
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