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PRd ,V =
0.012 ( f ck k ds )
0.5
Interaction:
Fd ,L P Rd ,L
1 .2
F + d ,V P Rd ,V
1. 2
Eurocode 4 EN 1994
Detailing of headed studs
Advices for distances of studs (edge distance, spacing of studs)
Hanswille
Eurocode 4 EN 1994
Detailing of headed studs - uplift forces
Calculation of uplift forces due to longitudinal shear force
Hanswille
Eurocode 4 EN 1994
Longitudinal shear forces in concrete slab determination
Slab in compression
Slab in tension
Hanswille
Eurocode 4 EN 1994
Longitudinal shear forces in concrete slab strut-and-tie
Hanswille
Eurocode 4 EN 1994
Longitudinal shear forces in concrete slab shear plane
section a-a: Acv= hc av section b-b, c-c, d-d: Acv = Lv av with Lv = Lb-b, Lc-c, Ld-d
Hanswille
Table of content
Part 1: Slim-floor system y 1. Slim-floor systems: Application / range of application 1.1 Slim-floor systems without composite action 1.2 Slim-floor systems with composite action 2. Design 2.1 General rules for design of slim-floor girder (application of EN1994-1-1) 2.2 Design (ultimate limit state) 2.2.1 Design of girder 2.2.2 Design of slab 223D 2.2.3 Design i of f studs t d 2.2.4 Erection condition 2.3 Fire design - advices 2 4 Design (service limit state) 2.4 2.4.1 Deflection 2.4.2 Proposal for vibration design 2 5 Technical Solutions of connections 2.5 2.6 Design example Ultimate limit state, service limit state, design of joints and connections
Slim-floor systems
Erection conditions structural behaviour
Different stress distribution due to the erection and propping conditions Different conditions: - unpropped condition - propped condition - propped condition and jacking props
Hanswille
Slim-floor systems
Erection conditions structural behaviour
Unpropped p pp construction ( (A) ) Propped construction (B) Propped construction and jacking of props (C)
The bending capacity Mp pl,Rd is independent of the loading history in case of Class 1 or Class 2 cross sections (plastic design) Using Class 3 or Class 4 cross sections the elastic behavior of the loading history has to be taken into account in ULS
Hanswille
Table of content
Part 1: Slim-floor system y 1. Slim-floor systems: Application / range of application 1.1 Slim-floor systems without composite action 1.2 Slim-floor systems with composite action 2. Design 2.1 General rules for design of slim-floor girder (application of EN1994-1-1) 2.2 Design (ultimate limit state) 2.2.1 Design of girder 2.2.2 Design of slab 223D 2.2.3 Design i of f studs t d 2.2.4 Erection condition 2.3 Fire design - advices 2 4 Design (service limit state) 2.4 2.4.1 Deflection 2.4.2 Proposal for vibration design 2 5 Technical Solutions of connections 2.5 2.6 Design example Ultimate limit state, service limit state, design of joints and connections
Eurocode 4 EN 1994
Fire design - General
Fire protection can be divided into active active and passive passive solutions active fire protection: surveillance methods and extinction concepts (fire sprinkling & fire alarm system) passive fire protection: structural measures (fire design according to EN 1994-1-2)
conventional fire protection (fire protection casing) fire design without additional structural measures fire design with additional structural measures (i.e. additional reinforcement)
additional reinforcement (fire design)
Fire design with additional structural measures (integrated ( integrated fire protection protection) )
Useful
additional reinforcement balances the reduced strength of the steel section due to fire (rising temperature)
Eurocode 4 EN 1994
Fire design according to EN 1994-1-2
EN1994-1-2 EN1994 1 2 allows three design procedures: 1) recognized design solutions called tabulated data for specific types of structural members (4.2) 2) simple calculation models for specific types of structural members (4.3) 3) advanced calculation models for simulating the behavior of the global structure (4 (4.3) 3)
1) Tabulated data solution design solutions for single components / specific types of structural members
tables with minimum size minimum concrete covering additional reinforcement for fire resistance
Application pp for - composite beam comprising steel beam with partial concrete encasement - composite columns
Eurocode 4 EN 1994
Fire design according to EN 1994-1-2
2) Simplified calculation model design solutions for single components / structural members
Application for - composite deck slabs - composite girder (steel section protected and unprotected) - composite beam comprising steel beam with partial concrete encasement - composite p columns
EN 1994-1-2
Eurocode 4 EN 1994
Fire design according to EN 1994-1-2
3) Advanced calculation model - model may be used for individual members, for subassemblies or for entire structures - models may be used with any type of cross-section - model considers material material, structural and geometrical properties due to fire impact
Table of content
Part 1: Slim-floor system y 1. Slim-floor systems: Application / range of application 1.1 Slim-floor systems without composite action 1.2 Slim-floor systems with composite action 2. Design 2.1 General rules for design of slim-floor girder (application of EN1994-1-1) 2.2 Design (ultimate limit state) 2.2.1 Design of girder 2.2.2 Design of slab 223D 2.2.3 Design i of f studs t d 2.2.4 Erection condition 2.3 Fire design - advices 2 4 Design (service limit state) 2.4 2.4.1 Deflection 2.4.2 Proposal for vibration design 2 5 Technical Solutions of connections 2.5 2.6 Design example Ultimate limit state, service limit state, design of joints and connections
Eurocode 4 EN 1994
SLS design (serviceability limit states) - General
Design according to SLS:
- limitation of stresses
- limitation of deflections
- vibrations
Eurocode 4 EN 1994
SLS design (serviceability limit states) Limitation of stresses
depending on the application the design rules (combinations) varies characteristic combination: frequent combination: quasi-permanent i combination: bi i
fy
= s,Fl
combination
> ct
fy
Eurocode 4 EN 1994
SLS design (serviceability limit states) Crack width control
Crack control according design rules EN1992-1-1
w Ns
prestressed members b with ith bonded tendons
Exposure class
reinforced members, prestressed members with unbonded tendons and members prestressed by controlled imposed deformations quasi - permanent load combination
Ns s c
0,4 mm (1)
Les
Les
s s s,1
0,3 mm decompression
c,1
Les
Les
Hanswille
Eurocode 4 EN 1994
Exposure classes according to EN 1992-1-1
Class Description of environment Examples no risk of corrosion or attack XO for concrete without reinforcement, for concrete with reinforcement : very dry concrete inside buildings with very low air humidity
Corrosion induced by carbonation XC1 XC2 XC3 XC4 dry or permanently wet wet, , rarely y dry y moderate humidity cyclic wet and dry concrete inside buildings with low air humidity concrete surfaces subjected j to long g term water contact, , foundations external concrete sheltered from rain concrete surfaces subject to water contact not within class XC2 Corrosion induced by chlorides XD1 XD2 XD3 moderate humidity wet, rarely dry cyclic wet and dry concrete surfaces exposed to airborne chlorides swimming pools, members exposed to industrial waters containing chlorides car park slabs, pavements, parts of bridges exposed to spray containing Corrosion induced by chlorides from sea water XS1 XS2 XS3 exposed to airborne salt permanently submerged tidal, splash and spray zones structures near to or on the coast parts of marine structures parts of marine structures
Hanswille
Table of content
Part 1: Slim-floor system y 1. Slim-floor systems: Application / range of application 1.1 Slim-floor systems without composite action 1.2 Slim-floor systems with composite action 2. Design 2.1 General rules for design of slim-floor girder (application of EN1994-1-1) 2.2 Design (ultimate limit state) 2.2.1 Design of girder 2.2.2 Design of slab 223D 2.2.3 Design i of f studs t d 2.2.4 Erection condition 2.3 Fire design - advices 2 4 Design (service limit state) 2.4 2.4.1 Deflection 2.4.2 Proposal for vibration design 2 5 Technical Solutions of connections 2.5 2.6 Design example Ultimate limit state, service limit state, design of joints and connections
Eurocode 4 EN 1994
Deflection of slim-floor girder systems
Deflections due to loading applied to the composite member should be calculated using elastic analysis taking into account effects from cracking of concrete creep and shrinkage sequence of construction influence of local yielding of structural steel at internal supports
Eurocode 4 EN 1994
Deflection of slim-floor girder systems
Different deflection behavior of ofnormal normal height height composite girder and composite slim-floor slim floor girder due to cracking of the concrete chord
EI? EI?
EI?
0,85 l l
0,15 l l
??? l
??? l
Different deflection behaviour of slim-floor girder calculation method according g to EN1994 still valid?
Eurocode 4 EN 1994
Deflection of slim-floor girder systems
Different deflection behaviour ofnormal of normal height height composite girder and composite slim-floor slim floor girder due to cracking of the concrete chord
EI? EI?
EI?
0,85 l l
0,15 l l
??? l
??? l
Different deflection behaviour of slim-floor girder calculation method according g to EN1994 still valid?
Table of content
Part 1: Slim-floor system y 1. Slim-floor systems: Application / range of application 1.1 Slim-floor systems without composite action 1.2 Slim-floor systems with composite action 2. Design 2.1 General rules for design of slim-floor girder (application of EN1994-1-1) 2.2 Design (ultimate limit state) 2.2.1 Design of girder 2.2.2 Design of slab 223D 2.2.3 Design i of f studs t d 2.2.4 Erection condition 2.3 Fire design - advices 2 4 Design (service limit state) 2.4 2.4.1 Deflection 2.4.2 Proposal for vibration design 2 5 Technical Solutions of connections 2.5 2.6 Design example Ultimate limit state, service limit state, design of joints and connections
Calculation/Analysis of deck vibration: - finite element calculation method - simplified calculation methods (design guide)
EN 1990, A1.4.4: To achieve satisfactory vibration behavior of buildings and their structural members under serviceability conditions, the following aspects, among others, should be considered: the comfort of the user the functioning of the structure or its structural members Other aspects should be considered for each project and agreed with the client!
The natural frequency of vibrations of the structure or structural member should be kept above appropriate values! These values depend upon the function of the building and the source of the vibration vibration, and agreed with the client and/or the relevant authority. Possible sources of vibration that should be considered include walking, synchronised movements of people, machinery, ground db borne vibrations ib ti f from t traffic ffi and d wind i d actions. ti
slow walk normal walk fast walk slow running (jog) fast running (sprint)
Hanswille
A system y with several degrees g of freedom can be reduced to a system with a single degree of freedom
In the determination of the dynamic floor characteristics, a realistic fraction of imposed load should be considered For concrete, the dynamic modulus of elasticity should be considered to be 10% higher than the static tangent modulus Ecm. in the mass of the floor. Experienced values for residential and office building are 10% to 20% of the imposed load.
ArcelorMittal: Design Guide for Floor Vibrations
Detemination of damping:
The diagram is used by entering on the x-axis the modal mass and the corresponding frequency on the y-axis y axis. The OS-RMS value and the acceptance class can be read-off at the intersection of extensions at both entry points.
Table of content
Part 1: Slim-floor system y 1. Slim-floor systems: Application / range of application 1.1 Slim-floor systems without composite action 1.2 Slim-floor systems with composite action 2. Design 2.1 General rules for design of slim-floor girder (application of EN1994-1-1) 2.2 Design (ultimate limit state) 2.2.1 Design of girder 2.2.2 Design of slab 223D 2.2.3 Design i of f studs t d 2.2.4 Erection condition 2.3 Fire design - advices 2 4 Design (service limit state) 2.4 2.4.1 Deflection 2.4.2 Proposal for vibration design 2 5 Technical Solutions of connections 2.5 2.6 Design example Ultimate limit state, service limit state, design of joints and connections
- normally the connections will be executed hinged, so that the slim-floor girder acts as a single-span girder
- constrained joints have the advantage of a reduced deflection of the girder system
only shear forces (no transfer of bending moments) as the bolts are protected by the deck concrete of the slim-floor girder: high fire resistance of the connection
View
a2 t S,f t St
Section A - A
A
a3
t T,f
a1
or
e2
e3
e2
b St
bS
e1 e e1
h St
hc
View
A
Section A - A
hc
detail of end-plate
A
bSt
bS
View
lining plates a2 t S,f t St
Section A - A
A
a3 gap s
a1
or
t T,f
e2
e3
e2
b St
Hinged end-plate connection with additional lining plates for the erection tolerance
bS
e1 e e1
h St
hc
View
reinforcement t St,S t St,T
Section A - A
A
opening in column
tS S,St
h St stiffener a2 a1
tT T,f
hc
b St
View
a2 t St tSt
Section A - A
A
erectionbolts
h St,1
hc
or
t S,s
t T,f
a1
h St,2
View
A
Section A - A
h N,o
h St
A
dS securing bolt (during (d i erection) ti ) b St bS
t T,ff
hc
View
A
s t St hc
Section A - A
h N
or
h N,o hK t T,f
a3
a2
h N,u
a1
bK bs