Chuyn v tuyn truyn thng

GVHD:Ths.Nguyn Vit m

MC LC
LI NI U

LI NI U
Ngy nay mng GSM vi nhng u im ni bt nh: dung lng ln, cht lng kt ni tt, tnh bo mt cao , c mt ch ng vng chc trn th trng Vin thng th gii. Vit Nam, khi chng ta bt u c nhng my in thoi di ng s dng cng ngh GSM 900MHz u tin vo nhng nm 1993 nh du mt bc pht trin vt bc v cng ngh Vin thng ca t nc. Cc thu bao di ng ti Vit Nam s dng dch v thoi truyn thng vi tc bit l 13kbit/s v truyn s liu vi tc 9,6 kbit/s. Cc nh khai thc GSM trn th gii ang ng trc mt s gii php c c dch v s liu truyn tc cao qua mng thng tin di ng hin c ca h v ang nghin cu k hoch chuyn i ln cng ngh 3G. C hai hng la chn : mt l c th nng cp mng ca h ln thng CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access - a truy nhp phn chia theo m) hay nng cp ln c dch v GPRS (General Packet Radio Service Dch v v tuyn gi tng hp), E GPRS (Enhanced GPRS Dch v GPRS nng cao) v sau th s u t, nng cp loi dn cng ngh GSM tin ln cng ngh W-CDMA (a truy nhp phn knh theo m bng rng). i vi cc nh khai thc, khng th c c vic nng cp thng ln cng ngh W-CDMA vi cc gii php n gin v chi ph chp nhn c. Qu trnh nng cp l mt qu trnh phc tp, yu cu cc phn t mng mi v cc my u cui mi. Do vy, Nhm 12 L11CQVT07-B 1

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vn cn cn nhc y chnh l cc kha cnh v kinh t v k thut cho vic nng cp, buc cc nh khai thc phi suy tnh. Chnh v vy, GPRS l s la chn ca cc nh khai thc GSM nh mt bc chun b v c s h tng k thut, tin ln cng ngh thng tin di ng th h th 3. Gii php GPRS cho h thng GSM tr thnh hin thc nm 1999. Ging nh HSCSD, GPRS cung cp cc dch v s liu tc cao hn cho ngi s dng di ng. Tuy nhin da trn cng ngh chuyn mch gi, GPRS ph hp vi bn cht bng n t ngt cao ca hu ht cc ng dng s liu hn cng ngh chuyn mch knh HSCSD, n l tng hn cho cc dch v truy nhp c s d liu v th in t, v d nhng ngi s dng khng mun tr cc ph cuc gi cao cho cc bn tin ngn. GPRS cng cho php ngi s dng nhn cc cuc gi s liu. Cc tin nhn cng c phn pht trc tip n in thoi ca ngi s dng, thm ch khng cn kt ni t u cui n u cui mt cch lin tc. Khi bt my in thoi, ngi s dng nhn c mt thng bo l h ang c mt tin nhn. H c th chn cc thng bo ti v ngay lp tc hay ct i xem sau. GPRS cng cung cp vic thit lp cuc gi nhanh hn HSCSD v kt ni vi mng s dng giao thc IP hiu qu hn, bao gm cc mng Intranet ca cng ty v cc mng LAN, cng nh Internet. Thng qua vic kt hp cc khe thi gian TDMA khc nhau, GPRS c th iu khin tt c cc kiu truyn dn t cc mu tin ngn tc thp n cc tc cao hn cn cho vic xem xt cc trang Web. GPRS cung cp tc s liu gi cao hn 100 kbit/s. Tc ti a l 171,2 kbit/s qua 8 knh 21,4 kbit/s (s dng m ho CS-4). Nhm chng em chn chuyn Kin Trc Giao Thc Ca GSM v GPRS tm hiu su hn v kin trc giao thc ca hai mng. c s hng dn ch bo ca thy Ths Nguyn Vit m, chng em hon thnh chuyn chn. Nhng vi thi

Nhm 12 L11CQVT07-B

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GVHD:Ths.Nguyn Vit m

gian tm hiu chuyn ngn, tm hiu bit hn ch nn khng trnh khi nhng thiu st. Nhm em rt mong s gp ca thy chuyn hon thin hn!

CHNG I: GII THIU V MNG THNG TIN DI NG GSM V GPRS

1.1 Gii Thiu V Mng Thng Tin Di ng GSM

GSM trc y c bit nh Groupe Spcial Mobile (nhm di ng c bit), l nhm pht trin n, c thit k t s bt u nh mt dch v t bo s quc t. Giao tip v tuyn ca GSM da trn cng ngh TDMA. nh ban u l cc thu bao GSM c kh nng di chuyn qua cc bin gii quc gia s nhn c cc dch v di ng v cc tnh nng i theo cng vi h. Kiu GSM ca Chu u hin nay hot ng tn s 900MHz cng nh tn s 1800MHz. Bc M, GSM s dng cho dch v PCS 1900 ti vng ng bc California v Nevada. Do PCS 1900 s dng tn s 1900MHz, nn cc in thoi khng c kh nng kt ni hot ng vi in thoi GSM hot ng trong cc mng tn s 900MHz hay 1800MHz. Tuy nhin vn ny c th khc phc c vi cc my in thoi a bng hot ng trong nhiu tn s. Vo u nm 1980, th trng h thng in thoi t bo tng t pht trin rt nhanh Chu u. Mi mt nc pht trin mt h thng t bo c lp vi cc h thng ca cc nc khc. S pht trin khng c hp tc ca cc h thng thng tin di ng quc gia c ngha l s khng c kh nng cho thu bao s dng cng mt my di ng cm tay khi di chuyn trong Chu u. Khng ch cc thit b di ng b hn ch Nhm 12 L11CQVT07-B 3

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khai thc trong bin gii quc gia, m cn c mt th trng rt hn ch i vi mi kiu thit b, v th tit kim chi ph c th khng thc hin c. Ngoi mt th trng trong nc y vi cc mu chung, c th khng c mt nh ch to no cnh tranh c trn th trng th gii. Hn na, chnh ph cc nc nhn thc r l cc h thng thng tin khng tng thch c th cn tr tin trnh t c mt tm nhn chin lc ca h v mt Chu u vi nn kinh t thng nht. Vi nhng cn nhc nu trn, hi ngh in thoi in bo gm 26 quc gia Chu u (CEPT) thnh lp mt nhm nghin cu gi l Groupe Spcial Mobile vo nm 1982 nghin cu v pht trin mt h thng thng tin lin Chu u. n nm 1986 tnh hnh tr nn kh quan hn v mt s mng t bo tng t hin ti c th s dng ht dung lng vo nm 1990. CEPT khuyn ngh rng hai khi tn s trong bng tn 900MHz c d tr cho h thng mi. Tiu chun GSM ch r cc bng tn t 890 n 915MHz cho bng thu v t 935 n 960MHz cho bng pht vi mi bng c chia thnh cc knh 200KHz. H thng thng tin di ng c CEPT a ra p ng c cc tiu chun nh sau: - Cung cp m thoi cht lng cao. - H tr chuyn vng quc t. - H tr cc thit b u cui cm tay. - H tr mt lot cc dch v v cc thit b mi. - Cung cp hiu qu ph tn s. - Cung cp kh nng tng thch vi ISDN. - Cung cp vi chi ph dch v v u cui thp.

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Vo nm 1989, vic pht trin cc c tnh k thut ca GSM c chuyn t CEPT n Vin tiu chun vin thng Chu u (ETSI). ETSI c thnh lp vo nm 1988 thit lp cc tiu chun vin thng cho Chu u v hp tc vi cc t chc tiu chun khc, cc lnh vc lin quan n truyn hnh v cng ngh thng tin vn phng. ESTI n bn cc c tnh k thut giai on 1 ca GSM vo nm 1990. Dch v thng mi bt u vo gia nm 1991. n nm 1993 c 36 mng GSM ti 22 nc, v thm 25 nc la chn hoc bt u GSM. T , GSM c chp nhn Nam Phi, c, v rt nhiu nc vng Trung ng v Vin ng. Ti Bc M, GSM c dng thc hin PCS. n cui nm 1998 c 323 mng GSM 118 nc phc v cho 138 triu thu bao, n nay c hn 2 t ngi dng trn 212 quc gia v vng lnh th. H thng GSM c gi l h thng thng tin di ng ton cu (Global System for Mobile communications). Mng thng tin di ng GSM l mng thng tin di ng s Cellular gm nhiu (cell). Cell l n v nh nht ca mng, c hnh dng (trn l thuyt) l mt t ong hnh lc gic. Trong mi cell c mt i v tuyn gc BTS (Base Transceiver Station) lin lc vi tt c cc trm di ng MS (Mobile Station) c mt trong cell. Khi MS di chuyn ra ngoi vng ph sng ca cell, n phi c chuyn giao sang lm vic vi BTS ca cell khc. c im ca h thng thng tin di ng Cellular l vic s dng li tn s v din tch ca mi cell kh nh. Mi cell s dng mt nhm tn s knh v tuyn. Cc ch ci A, B, C,...va l tn ca cell, va biu th mt nhm xc nh cc tn s v tuyn c s dng trong cell . Nhm tn s c s dng nhiu ln cho cc cell vi khong cch ln, cng sut pht nh nhiu ln nhau khng ng k. Thng thng, mt cuc gi di ng khng th kt thc trong mt cell nn h thng thng tin di ng cellular phi c kh nng iu khin v chuyn giao (handover) cuc gi t cell ny sang cell ln cn m cuc gi c chuyn giao khng b gin on. Nhm 12 L11CQVT07-B 5

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1.2 Gii Thiu Chung V GPRS

GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) l dch v truyn ti mi cho h thng GSM, n ci thin mt cch hiu qu vic truy nhp v tuyn ti cc mng truyn s liu nh X.25, Internetbng cch p dng nguyn l gi v tuyn truyn s liu ca ngi s dng mt cch hiu qu gia my in thoi di ng ti cc mng truyn s liu. Cc gi tin c th truyn trc tip t my di ng GPRS ti cc mng chuyn mch s liu. Ngi s dng GPRS c li t vic thi gian truy nhp ngn hn cng nh tc truyn s liu cao hn. Trong h thng GSM thng thng vic thit lp kt ni din ra trong vi giy v tc truyn s liu hn ch 9,6 Kbit/s. GPRS cho php thi gian thit lp di mt giy v tc truyn s liu ti a t trn 115 Kbit/s. Chuyn mch knh khng thch hp cho lu lng ln, v ngi s dng phi tr tin cho ton b thi gian chim dng knh mc d c nhng thi im khng c gi tin no c gi i. Tri li vi cng ngh chuyn mch gi (GPRS), khch hng c th s ch phi tr tin cho s cc gi tin c chuyn i, iu ny thun li cho ngi s dng khi kt ni trc tuyn mt thi gian di vi mng. Tm li, GPRS ci thin vic s dng ti nguyn v tuyn, tc truyn s liu cao hn, khch hng ch phi tr tin cho s gi tin gi v nhn, ngoi ra thi gian truy nhp cng ngn hn. Cng ngh GPRS c vin Tiu chun Vin thng Chu u EISI pht trin v chuyn ho cho d liu gi trong cc h thng GSM. Ti M, GPRS cng c Hip hi Cng nghip Vin thng TIA chp thun nh l tiu chun d liu gi cho cc h thng TDMA/IS 136. Hin c tin hnh trin khai ti mt s nc trn Th gii.

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CHNG II: KIN TRC MNG GSM

2.1 Cu Trc Mng GSM

Hnh 1 : Cu trc mng GSM

SS (Switching System): H thng chuyn mch SIM (Subscriber Identity Module): Th nhn dng thu bao Nhm 12 L11CQVT07-B 7

Chuyn v tuyn truyn thng ME (Mobile Equipment): Thit b di ng AuC (Authentication Center): Trung tm nhn thc

GVHD:Ths.Nguyn Vit m

VLR (Visitor Location Register): B ghi nh v tm tr HLR (Home Location Register): B ghi nh v thng tr EIR (Equipment Identified Reader) : B ghi nhn dng thit b MSC (Mobile Switching Central): Trung tm chuyn mch cc nghip v di ng BSS (Base Station System ): i iu khin trm gc BSC (Base Station Controller): B iu khin trm gc BTS (Base Transceiver Station): Trm thu pht gc MS (Mobile Station): Trm di ng OSS (Opersting and Surveilance System): H thng khai thc v gim st ISDN (Intergrated Services Digital Network): Mng s tch hp a dch v PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network): Mng chuyn mch in thoi cng cng CSPDN (Circuit Switched Public Data Network): Mng d liu cng cng chuyn mch theo mch PSPDN (Packet Switched Public Data Network): Mng d liu cng cng chuyn mch theo gi

2.2 H thng con chuyn mch SS

H thng con chuyn mch bao gm cc chc nng chuyn mch chnh ca GSM cng nh cc c s d liu cn thit cho s liu thu bao v qun l di ng ca thu bao. Nhm 12 L11CQVT07-B 8

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Chc nng chnh ca SS l qun l thng tin gia nhng ngi s dng mng GSM vi nhau v vi mng khc. H thng con chuyn mch SS bao gm cc khi chc nng sau: - Trung tm chuyn mch cc dch v di ng (MSC: Mobile Services Switching Center). - B ghi nh v tm tr (VLR: Visitor Location Register) - B ghi nh v thng tr (HLR: Home Location Register) - Trung tm nhn thc (AUC: Authentication Center) - B nhn dng thit b (EIR: Equipment Identity Register)

- Trung tm chuyn mch cc dch v di ng cng (GMSC: Gateway Mobile Services Switching Center) 2.2.1 Trung tm chuyn mch cc nghip v di ng MSC
SS chc nng chnh chuyn mch chnh c MSC thc hin, nhim v ca MSC l iu phi vic thit lp cuc gi n nhng ngi s dng mng GSM. Mt mt BSC giao tip vi h thng BSS, mt khc giao tip vi mng ngoi c gi l MSC cng. Vic giao tip vi mng ngoi m bo thng tin cho ngi s dng mng GSM i hi cng thch ng. SS cng cn giao tip vi mng ngoi s dng cc kh nng truyn ti ca cc mng ny cho vic truyn ti s liu ca ngi s dng hoc bo hiu gia cc phn t ca mng GSM. Chng hn SS c th s dng mng bo hiu s 7 (CCS7), mng ny m bo hot ng tng tc gia cc phn t ca SS trong nhiu hay mt mng GSM. MSC thng l mt tng i ln iu khin v qun l mt s cc b iu khin trm gc BSC. Mt tng i MSC thch hp cho mt vng th v ngoi c dn c v khong mt triu ( vi mt thu bao trung bnh).

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kt ni MSC vi mt s mng khc cn phi thch ng cc c im truyn dn ca GSM vi cc mng ny. Cc thch ng ny c gi l cc chc nng tng tc. IWF bao gm mt s thit b thch ng giao tip truyn dn. N cho php kt ni vi cc mng: PSPDN (Packet Switched Public Data Network : Mng s liu cng cng chuyn mch gi) hay CSPDN (Circuit Switched Public Data Network : Mng s liu cng cng chuyn mch theo mch), n cng tn ti khi cc mng khc ch n thun l PSTN hay ISDN. IWF c th c thc hin trong cung chc nng MSC hay c th thit b ring, trng hp hai giao tip gia MSC v IWF c m.

2.2.2 B ghi nh v tm tr VLR ( Visitor Location Register)

VLR l c s d liu th hai trong mng GSM. N c ni vi mt hay nhiu MSC v c nhim v lu gi tm thi s liu thu bao ca cc thu bao hin ang nm trong vng phc v ca MSC tng ng v ng thi lu gi s liu v v tr ca cc thu bao ni trn mc chnh xc hn HLR. Mi MSC c mt VLR. Ngay khi MS lu ng v mt vng MSC mi, VLR lin kit vi MSC s yu cu s liu v MS ny t HLR. ng thi HLR s c thng bo l MS ang vng phc v no. Nu sau MS mun thc hin mt cuc gi, VLR s c tt c cc thng tin cn thit lp cuc gi m khng cn hi HLR. C th coi VLR nh mt HLR phn b. D liu b sung c lu gi HLR gm : Tnh trng ca thu bao ( bn, ri, khng tr li ). Nhn dng vng nh v (LAI). Nhn dng ca thu bao di ng tm thi ( TMSI ). S lu ng ca trm di ng ( MSRN ). Cc chc nng VLR thng c lin kt vi chc nng MSC. Nhm 12 L11CQVT07-B 10

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2.2.3 B ghi nh v thng tr HLR ( Home Location Register)

Ngoi MSC mng thng tin di ng bao gm c cc c s d liu. Cc thng tin lin quan n vic cng cp cc dich v vin thng c lu gi HLR (Home Location Registes) khng ph thuc vo v tr hin thi ca thu bao. Cc thng tin lu tr trong HLR gm: MSISDN, IMSI, VLR hin thi, trng thi thu bao, kho nhn thc v chc nng nhn thc, s lu ng trm di ng MSRN. Thng HLR l mt my tnh ng ring khng c kh nng chuyn mch v c kh nng qun l hng trm thu bao. Mt chc nng con ca HRL l nhn dng trung tm nhn thc AUC, nhim v cu trung tm ny qun l an ton s liu ca cc thu bao c php.

2.2.4 Trung tm nhn thc AuC ( Authentication Center )

Qun l thu bao gm cc hot ng qun l ng k thu bao. Nhim v u tin l nhp vo, xa thu bao khi mng. ng k thu bao cng c th rt phc tp, bao gm nhiu dch v v cc tnh nng b xung. Nh khai thc phi truy nhp c tt c cc thng tin s ni trn, Mt nhim v quan trng khc ca khai thc l tnh cc cuc gi. Cc ph phi c tnh v gi n thu bao. Qun l thu bao mng thng tin di ng ch lin quan n HRL v mt s thit b OS ring chng hn mng ni HRL vi cc thit b giao tip ngi my c trung tm giao dch vi thu bao. Vic qun l thu bao c thc hin thng qua mt kha nhn dng b mt duy nht cho tng thu bao. AuC (Authentication Center) qun l cc thng tin nhn thc v mt m lin quan n tng c nhn thu bao da trn kha b mt ny. AuC c th c t trong HRL hay MSC hay c lp vi c hai. Kha ny cng c lu gi vnh cu v b mt trong b nh MS. GSM b nh ny c dng SIM-CARD c th rt ra v cm li c.

2.2.5 B ng k nhn dng thit b EIR

Qun l thit b di ng c thc hin bi b ng k nhn dng thit b EIR(Equiprnent Identity Register). EIR lu gi tt c cc d liu lin quan n phn thit Nhm 12 L11CQVT07-B 11

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b di ng ME ca trm di ng MS. EIR c ni vi MSC thng qua ng bo hiu kim tra s c php ca thit b bng cch so snh tham s nhn dng thit b di ng quc t IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity) ca thu bao gi ti khi thit lp thng tin vi s IMEI lu gi trong EIR phng trng hp y l nhng thit b u cui b nh cp, nu so snh khng ng th thit b khng th truy nhp vo mng c. (Lu : khc vi thit b, s cho php ca thu bao c xc nhn bi AuC).

2.2.6 Tng i di ng cng (GMSC Gate MSC)

SS c th cha nhiu MSC, VLR, HLR. tht lp mt cuc gi n ngi s dng GSM, trc ht cuc gi phi c nh tuyn n mt tng i cng c gi l GMSC m khng cn bit hin thi thu bao ang u. Cc tng i cng c nhim v ly thng tin v v tr ca thu bao v nh tuyn cuc gi n tng i ang qun l thu bao thi hin thi ( MSC tm tr ). vy, trc ht cc tng i cng phi da trn s danh b ca thu bao tm ng HLR cn thit v hi HLR ny. Tng i cng c mt giao din vi cc mng bn ngoi vi mng GSM. Ngoi ra tng i ny cng c giao din bo hiu s 7 ( CCS 7 ) c th tng tc vi cc phn t khc ca SS. V phng din kinh t khng phi bao gi tng i cng cng ng ring m thng c kt hp vi MSC.

2.3 Phn h trm gc BSS

BSS thc hin nhim v gim st cc ng ghp ni v tuyn, lin kt knh v tuyn vi my pht v qun l cu hnh ca cc knh ny. l: - iu khin s thay i tn s v tuyn ca ng ghp ni (Frequency Hopping) v s thay i cng sut pht v tuyn. - Thc hin m ho knh v tn hiu thoi s, phi hp tc truyn thng tin. - Qun l qu trnh Handover. - Thc hin bo mt knh v tuyn. Nhm 12 L11CQVT07-B 12

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Phn h BSS gm hai khi chc nng: b iu khin trm gc (BSC: Base Station Controller) v cc trm thu pht gc (BTS: Base Transceiver Station). Nu khong cch gia BSC v BTS nh hn 10m th cc knh thng tin c th c kt ni trc tip (ch Combine), ngc li th phi qua mt giao din A-bis (ch Remote). Mt BSC c th qun l nhiu BTS theo cu hnh hn hp ca 2 loi trn.

2.3.1 Trm thu pht gc BTS

Mt BTS bao gm cc thit b pht thu, anten v x l tn hiu c th cho giao din v tuyn. C th coi BTS l cc Modem v tuyn phc tp c thm mt s cc chc nng khc. Mt b phn quan trng ca BTS l TRAU (Transcoder and Rate Adapter Unit: khi chuyn i m v thch ng tc ). TRAU l thit b m qu trnh m ho v gii m ting c th ring cho GSM c tin hnh, y cng thc hin thch ng tc trong trng hp truyn s liu. TRAU l mt b phn ca BTS, nhng cng c th t cch xa BTS v thm ch trong nhiu trng hp c t gia BSC v MSC. BTS c cc chc nng sau: - Qun l lp vt l truyn dn v tuyn - Qun l giao thc cho lin kt s liu gia MS v BSC - Vn hnh v bo dng trm BTS - Cung cp cc thit b truyn dn v ghp knh ni trn giao tip A-bis

2.3.2 B iu khin trm gc BSC

BSC c nhim v qun l tt c giao din v tuyn qua cc lnh iu khin t xa BTS v MS. Cc lnh ny ch yu l cc lnh n nh, gii phng knh v tuyn v qun l chuyn giao (Handover). Mt pha BSC c ni vi BTS cn pha kia ni vi MSC ca SS. Trong thc t, BSC l mt tng i nh c kh nng tnh ton ng k. Mt BSC

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c th qun l vi chc BTS tu theo lu lng cc BTS ny. Giao din gia BSC v MSC l giao din A, cn giao din gia n vi BTS l giao din A-bis. Nhn vin khai thc c th t trung tm khai thc v bo dng OMC np phn mm mi v d liu xung BSC, thc hin mt s chc nng khai thc v bo dng, hin th cu hnh ca BSC. BSC c th thu thp s liu o t BTS v BIE (Base Station Interface Equipment: Thit b giao din trm gc), lu tr chng trong b nh v cung cp chng cho OMC theo yu cu.

2.3.3 B chuyn i m v thch ng tc TRAU

Trong GSM, tn hiu thoi trn giao din v tuyn c m ho tc 13Kbps s dng m ho tin nh tuyn LPC. thch ng tc ny cc tc mng hi thoi c nh PSTN cn c b chuyn i m TRAU chuyn i gia 13Kbps PCM gia MS v MSC. TRAU c th c t ti BTS, BSC hoc ti MSC. gim thiu chi ph truyn dn, thng TRAU t MSC. Khi cn thm bo hiu b xung vo ting thoi 13Kbps truyn thng tin iu khin t b chuyn i m t xa t BTS n

TRAU. 2.4 Trm di ng MS

Thu bao s s dng MS gi v nhn cuc gi qua mng GSM. MS gm 2 phn c chc nng khc nhau l module nhn dng thu bao (SIM) v thit b di ng (ME). SIM l th thng minh tho lp c, cha cc thng tin lin quan n thu bao c th, cn ME chnh l bn thn in thoi di ng (khng c SIM). ME c th chia thnh 3 khi chc nng. Th nht l thit b u cui (TE), thc hin chc nng ring cho dch v c th v d my fax. TE khng x l mt chc nng no lin quan n h thng GSM. Khi chc nng th 2 l u cui di ng (MT), thc hin mi nhim v lin quan n truyn thng tin trn giao din v tuyn GSM. Cui Nhm 12 L11CQVT07-B 14

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cng khi chc nng th 3 l b phi hp u cui (TA) dng bo m s tng thch gia MT v TA. V d cn TA to giao din gia MT tng thch - ISDN v TA c giao din modem. SIM: l th thng minh c kch thc th tn dng hoc nh hn, c thu bao s dng c nhn ha ME. Lu rng trong GSM, MS lun l t hp ca SIM v ME. SIM c vng b nh c nh nh thng tin lin quan n thu bao (gm c IMSI). S ny dng nhn dng tng thu bao trong mng GSM v di khng qu 15 ch s thp phn. Ba ch s u tin l m nc di ng (NMC), dng nhn dng nc m thu bao ng k. Hai ch s tip theo l m mng di ng (MNC) dng nhn dng mng PLMN thng tr ca thu bao trong nc. Cc ch s cn li ca IMSI l s nhn dng thu bao di ng (MSIN) dng xc nh duy nht tng thu bao trong mng PLMN. SIM cn cha cha kha nhn dng mt thu bao, Ki, thut ton nhn dng A3 v thut ton to cha kha mt m A8. Tt c cc khon ny (bt buc phi c) u c lu trong SIM v c bo v rt cht ch. Ngoi ra SIM cn c th cha 1 s chc nng ty chn khc nh quay s tt, danh b v.v..Cng nh c SIM m thu bao c th d dng thay i cc ME khc nhau, v nh khi phi sa cha ME. Mt trong nhng ng lc chnh pha sau s pht trin ca h thng GSM l cho php thu bao lu ng t do khp chu u m vn gi nguyn kh nng gi v nhn cuc gi bng cng mt MS. iu ny ch c th khi tn ti cc mng tng thch nhau ti mi nc. SIM a ra khi nim lu ng SIM tc l thu bao c th lu ng gia cc mng khc nhau khng tng thch vi nhau bng cch thu ME thch hp v cm SIM vo. iu ny tr nn c bit hp dn khi nc M gii thiu h thng PCS1900 (thng gi l GSM1900).

2.5 Phn h khai thc v bo dng OSS

Phn h khai thc OSS thc hin ba chc nng chnh sau: Khai thc v bo dng mng: Nhm 12 L11CQVT07-B 15

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Khai thc l cc hot ng cho php nh khai thc mng theo di hnh vi ca mng nh: ti ca h thng, mc chn, s lng chuyn giao gia hai , nh vy nh khai thc c th gim st c ton b cht lng ca dch v m h cung cp cho khch hng v kp thi x l cc s c. Khai thc cng bao gm vic thay i cu hnh gim nhng vn xut hin thi im hin ti, chun b lu lng cho tng lai, tng vng ph. h thng vin thng hin i, khai thc c thc hin bng my tnh v c tp trung mt trm. Bo dng c nhim v pht hin, nh v v sa cha cc s c hng hc. N c mt s quan h vi khai thc. Bo dng cng bao gm c cc hot ng ti hin trng nhm thay th thit b c s c. H thng khai thc v bo dng c th c xy dng trn nguyn l TMN (Telecommunication Management Network: Mng qun l vin thng). Lc ny, mt mt h thng khai thc v bo dng c ni n cc phn t ca mng vin thng ( cc MSC, BSC, HLR v cc phn t mng khc tr BTS, v thm nhp n BTS c thc hin qua BSC). Mt khc, h thng khai thc v bo dng li c ni n mt my tnh ch ng vai tr giao tip ngi my. Theo tiu chun GSM, h thng c gi l OMC (Operation and Maintenance Center: Trung tm khai thc v bo dng). Qun l thu bao: Bao gm cc hot ng qun l ng k thu bao. Nhim v u tin l nhp v xa thu bao khi mng. ng k thu bao cng c th rt phc tp, bao gm nhiu dch v v cc tnh nng b sung. Nh khai thc phi c th thm nhp c tt c cc thng s ni trn. Mt nhim v quan trng khc ca khai thc l tnh cc cc cuc gi. Cc ph phi c tnh v gi n thu bao. Qun l thu bao GSM ch lin quan n HLR v mt s thit b OSS ring chng hn mng ni HLR vi cc thit b giao tip ngi my cc trung tm giao dch vi thu bao. Simcard cng ng vai tr nh mt b phn ca h thng qun l thu bao. Nhm 12 L11CQVT07-B 16

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Qun l thit b di ng c b ng k nhn dng thit b EIR thc hin. EIR lu gi tt c cc d liu lin quan n trm di ng MS. EIR c ni n MSC qua ng bo hiu kim tra s c php ca thit b. Mt thit b khng c php s b cm. Trong h thng GSM, EIR c coi l h thng con SS.

2.6 Cc giao din trong mng GSM

Hnh 2 Cc giao din trong mng GSM

2.6.1 Giao din A gia BSS-MSC

L kh nng cung cp nhiu dch v cho nhng ngi dng GSM v thu bao. Thm vo , giao din A cho php cp pht nhiu ti nguyn ph hp trong mng PLMN, vn hnh v bo qun nhng ti nguyn ny. Ch tiu k thut m giao din A cho php l:

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- Kt ni ca nhiu hng sn xut BSS khc nhau ti cng mt MSC v ngc li. - S dng cng mt kiu BSS ( MSC) trong nhiu mng PLMN. - Pht trin ring ca MSC v BSS. - Tin ti gim tc m ha. - H tr tt c nhng dch v Tp hp nhng c tnh gm: Nhng tham s vt l v in t trng, cu trc knh, tin trnh vn hnh mng, thng tin vn hnh v duy tr bo dng. nh ngha giao din MSC ti BSS ging trong mng ISDL. Lp 3 c thm cc th tc iu khin ti nguyn v tuyn v nhn dng nhiu s kin s dng SCCP. Lp 2 da vo bo hiu SS7 MTP ( Message Transfer Part ), hoc trong trng hp vn chuyn vn chuyn bo hiu c s IP M3UA v SCTP. Trong trng hp SS7 MTP, lp 1 l s ( 2,048 Mbps) hoc tng t th data vn c cho qua v s dng modem. C th ha lp 3 l hai giao thc giao din c nhn dng trong BSS ti MSC l: BSSOMAP, BSSAP - BSSAP c chia thnh BSSMAP v DTAP: DTAP text gip messages giao din khng kh lp 3 c i qua BSS v DTAP text cng c x l BSS; BSSMAP chu trch nhim nhiu kha cnh ca x l ti nguyn v tuyn trong BSS. Text c cu trc nh mt tp c nh ngha v c th tn dng bi nh khai thc/ nh sn xut ph hp vi yu cu ng dng ang dng. Chnh nhng tin trnh b iu khin theo nhng ch khc nhau ph thuc vo tham s u vo c nhn t MSC hoc c gi t OMC. - BSSOMPA h tr tt nhng thng tin O v M cho BSS v MSC hoc BSS

2.6.2. Giao din Abis gia BSC-BTS

Giao din Abis c kh nng h tr tt c nhng dch v ti ngi dng GSM v nhiu thu bao. Thm vo , n cho php iu khin thit b v cp pht tn s trong BTS Nhng ch tiu k thut giao din Abis cho php: Nhm 12 L11CQVT07-B 18

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- Kt ni ca nhiu nh sn xut BTS/TRX khc nhau ti cng mt BSC v ngc li, tu theo nh v nhng b chuyn m - S dng cng mt loi BTS/TRX (BSC) trong nhiu mng PLMN, tu theo s nh v b chuyn m - Pht trin ring ca BSC v k thut BTS/TRX - Tin ti i mi nhng tin nghi O & M - nh v nhng b chuyn m trong BSC hay trong BTS - Gii php vt l khc nhau ca thit b khc nhau trong BTS - H tr TRX n cu thnh BTS nh ngha giao din Abis tin ti ging ISDN: Lp 3 bng nhng tin trnh thm vo iu khin ti nguyn v tuyn; Lp 2 da vo giao thc LAPD; Lp 1 l s ( tc 2,048Mbps) hoc tng t th data c i qua bi modem. Trng hp transcoder c t bn ngoi BTS, tr truyn ton b trn 1 ng gia im kt ni PSTN/ISDN v MS c gii hn l 1,5ms (xp x 300km). Transcoder t trong BTS, gii hn l 6,5ms (xp x 1300km). Transcoder l mt phn ca BSS v c th c t bn ngoi BTS (e.g MSC-site hoc BSC-site) c th ghp knh thoi v data trn nhng ng link trong BSS v trn ng link BSC-BTS. TRX (Transceiver): trong mng GSM PLMN l mt phn t chc nng h tr 8 knh v tuyn c s ca TDMA-frame. BCF (Base Control Function): l phn t chc nng x l nhng chc nng iu khin chung trong BTS (e.g frequency hopping sequences). nhiu BTS-site, mt trong s nhng BCF c th c chn thc hin nhiu chc nng thng thng (e.g external alarms, power supply, time base).

2.6.3. Giao din B gia MSC server VLR

VLR l c s data nh v v qun l nhng thu bao di ng roaming n khu vc MSC server m VLR kt hp. Bt k khi no MSC server cn data lin quan ti MS Nhm 12 L11CQVT07-B 19

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trong khu vc MSC ny, n s tham chiu ti VLR. Khi MS roam n mt vng nh v khc, n s updating thng tin location vi MSC server ni , MSC server li thng tin ti VLR cha thng tin ny. Khi mt thu bao kch hot dch v hay gim bt mt vi data gn vi dch v, MSC server thng tin (thng qua VLR) ti HLR l ni cha nhiu sa i v updata ti VLR nu yu cu.

2.6.4. Giao din C gia HLR v MSC server

GMSC server phi tham chiu ti HLR thu bao yu cu thc hin nh tuyn thng tin cuc gi hoc bn tin ngn (SMS) ti thu bao .

2.6.5. Giao din D gia HLR v VLR

Giao din D c dng trao i data nh v MS v qun l thu bao. Dch v chnh cung cp cho thu bao di ng l thit lp hoc nhn nhng cuc gi. h tr iu , nhng danh sch nh v phi trao i data. VLR thng tin cho HLR nh v MS (HLR of location of MS) (khi updating nh v hay thit lp cuc gi) s roaming ca MS . HLR gi tt c data liu cn ti VLR h tr dch v cho thu bao di ng. Sau HLR ch o VLR trc phi xo i ng k nh v thu bao ny.

2.6.6. Giao din E gia nhng MSC server

Khi mt MS di chuyn t mt MSC ny ti mt MSC khc trong sut cuc gi, tin trnh handover phi thc hin duy tr thng tin. Do , nhng MSC server phi trao i data bt u v thc hin hot ng. Khi SMS c dch chuyn gia MS v trung tm dch v SMS, giao din ny c chc nng dich chuyn message gia MSC server phc v MS v MSC server lm vic vi SC.

2.6.7. Giao din F gia MSC server v EIR

Giao din F dng trao i data, mc ch EIR c th xc nhn tnh trng IMEI c gi t MS.

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2.6.8 Giao din G gia nhng VLR

Tin trnh ng k nh v s xy ra khi thu bao di ng di chuyn t VLR ny ti VLR khc. Tin trnh ny gm vic phc hi li IMSI v nhng tham s xc nhn t VLR c.

2.6.9 im giao din Nc gia MSC server v GMSC server

Trn im giao din Nc, vic iu khin cuc gi c s gia mng - mng c thc hin. V d l ISUP hoc s pht trin ca ISUP cho iu khin cuc gi c lp vt mang (BICC Bearer Independent Call Control). La chn khc dnh cho vn chuyn bo hiu trn Nc l IP. Nc s cho php s dng bt k giao thc iu khin cuc gi ph hp (BICC, SIP-T) m c th h tr yu cu lu lng.

2.6.10 Giao din H gia HLR v AuC

Khi HLR nhn yu cu xc nhn v mt m ho d liu cho thu bao di ng v n cng khng d d liu yu cu, HLR yu cu d liu t AuC.

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CHNG III. KIN TRC GPRS

3.1. Tng quan h thng GPRS

EIR

MSC/ VLR Gs Gb

SMS-GMSC SMS-IWMSC

HLR/ AuC

Gf Um

Gd Gn

Gr

Gc Gi Internet

TE

MT

BSS

SGSN
Gp

GGSN

M?ng li

SGSN

Hnh 3 : Cu trc mng GPRS

TE MT SGSN GGSN

:Terminal Equipment : Mobile Equipment : Serving GPRS Support Node : Gateway GPRS Support Node

Thit b u cui Thit b di ng Nt h tr GPRS phc v Nt h tr GPRS cng

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3.2. Kin trc GPRS 3.2.1. MS thit b u cui

Trm di ng (MS - Mobile Station) c th l mt my tnh xch tay hay b ti, mt my in thoi di ng hoc bt k mt thit b no khc c h tr cng ngh GPRS. V mt chc nng, MS bao gm hai cu kin: -Thit b u cui TE (Terminal Equipment), chng hn nh mt my tnh xch tay. - u cui di ng MT (Mobile Terminal), chng hn nh mt modem. - C 3 loi MS c quy nh cho vic s dng mng GPRS h tr, MS s thng bo ti mng v lp GPRS v tim nng a khe thi gian ca n. Tu thuc vo loi thit b v vo kh nng mng, trm di ng s hot ng theo mt trong ba ch lm vic. - Cp A h tr ng thi s ng nhp, s khi hot (activiation), gim st bo khn (invocation), lu lng cho php trm di ng cng mt lc pht i c d liu v ting ni, c ngha l lm vic ng thi trong c mng GSM ln GPRS. - Cp B h tr ng thi s ng nhp , s kch hot, gim st. Tuy nhin, n ch h tr thng bo khn ng thi trong gii hn. V d nh knh o GPRS s khng c gii quyt do s c mt ca lu lng chuyn mch knh. Trong trng hp nh vy, s kt ni o GPRS s b bn hoc treo, ng thi lu lng s khng c h tr bi MS cp B. Thu bao c th pht hoc thu cc cuc gi ca c 2 dch v GSM v GPRS lin tip nhng khng ng thi. S la chn dch v thch hp c thc hin t ng. Ni cch khc, cp B cho php trm di ng pht i c ting ni c d liu, nhng vo cc thi im khc nhau, c ngha l khng ng thi. - Cp C ch h tr s ng nhp khng ng thi. MS loi C ch c th pht hoc thu hoc ng thi pht v thu cc cuc gi ch t dch v t la chn hoc mc nh. Trng thi dch v GSM hoc GPRS khng c la chn b loi khi mng. Thm

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vo , kh nng ca MS cp C thu v pht bn tin ngn SMS l ty chn. Nhng n hin nay, cp C ch cho php trm di ng lm vic trong ch GPRS. Khi u ni vo mng GPRS trm di ng (m chnh xc hn l thnh phn TE) s nhn a ch IP; a ch ny khng thay i trc thi im u ni ca u cui di ng MT; hn na, trm di ng thm ch c th khng nghi ng v vic n l di ng. Trm di ng thit lp kt ni vi nt dch v ca cc thu bao GPRS, m s c m t sau.

3.2.2. H thng trm gc BSS (Base Station System)

Trm gc BSS (Base Station System) thu tn hiu v tuyn t trm di ng v tu thuc vo vic ci gi tin c pht i (ting ni hay d liu) m n s chuyn tip lu lng: - ti trung tm chuyn mch di ng MSC (Mobile Switching Center) vn l thnh phn tiu chun ca mng GSM. - ti nt h tr dch v GPRS (SGSN- Serving GPRS Support Node) l ni chu trch nhim x l d liu n/i ca GPRS. Thnh phn ca BSS bao gm: BSC, PCU v BTS. BSC lm cc chc nng sau trong GPRS: + Qun l mobile GPRS. + X l tm gi ca GPRS. + Qung b thng tin GPRS. y l phn khng th thiu trong cc dch v GPRS ca cc mng di ng Vit Nam hin nay. BTS lm cc chc nng sau: - Tch ring cuc gi gia chuyn mch knh, chuyn mch gi trc khi chuyn n MSC/VLR v d liu gi khi n SGSN.

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- Giao din v tuyn cho d liu gi. Khi iu khin gi (PCU - Packet Control Unit). Khi PCU c b sung vo c s h tng ca GSM, c th coi y l s nng cp phn mm cho BSC, PCU c quan h vi cc giao thc v tuyn lp thp, n x l lu lng d liu v tch ra khi lu lng thoi GSM. Ngoi ra, PCU cn thm chc nng to gi v iu khin ng lin kt v tuyn. iu ny cho php nhiu ngi s dng c th truy cp ti ngun ti nguyn v tuyn ging nhau theo nhng phng php truy nhp ring v gii phng knh truyn khi khng s dng. PCU lm cc chc nng sau: - Chu trch nhim qun l ti nguyn v tuyn d liu gi trong BSS. - PCU chu trch nhim x l lp MAC v PLC ca giao din v tuyn, lp BSSGP v NS ca giao din Gb. - Truyn d liu gi.

3.2.3. Nt phc v cc thu bao GPRS ( SGSN)

Nt phc v thu bao SGSN l thnh phn ch yu ca mng GPRS. N c nhim v chuyn tip cc gi IP m trm di ng gi i v nhn c. V thc cht n cng l mt trung tm chuyn mch ging nh MSC trong GSM, nhng c khc ch n chuyn mch cho cc gi ch khng phi cc knh. Thng thng, nt ny c xy dng trn c s OC Unix v c a ch IP ring ca n. T quan im an ton, SGSN c th c cc chc nng: * Kim tra s cho php cc thu bao s dng cc dch v c m ho (authentication). C ch chng thc ca GPRS ging vi c ch tng t trong GSM. * Gim st cc thu bao ang hot ng. * M ho cc d liu. Thut ton m ho trong cng ngh GPRS(GEA1, GEA 2, GEA 3) khc vi cc thut ton m ho trong GSM (A5/1, A5/2, A5/3), nhng c x l trn c s cc thut ton . Nhm 12 L11CQVT07-B 25

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3.2.4. GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node) - Nt nh tuyn ca GPRS

Nt nh tuyn GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node) cng l mt thnh phn quan trng ca cng ngh GPRS v chu trch nhim thu v pht cc d liu t cc mng bn ngoi, chng hn nh Internet hay mng ca cc nh khai thc GPRS khc. Ni cch khc, nu nh t pha cc mng gi IP bn ngoi th GGSN hot ng nh 1 b nh tuyn cho cc a ch IP ca mi thu bao c phc v bi mng GPRS. T quan im cc nh khai thc mng GPRS bn ngoi th y l cc b nh tuyn thng thng (cng ging nh SGSN, chng da trn Unix) c nhim v nhn cc d liu cho tt c cc thu bao dch v GPRS. Ngoi vic nh tuyn GGSN cn c nhim v phn phi cc a ch IP v cc dch v tnh cc.

3.2.5. MSC (Mobile Switching Center)

MSC m nhim cc chc nng sau: - Cp nht thng tin t SGSN. - Yu cu gi CS n SGSN. - Kt hp bo hiu cho mobile loi A/B. - Ngng tm thi hoc chim li (A v Gb).

3.3. Giao din trong mng GPRS 3.3.1. Giao din Gb gia BSS v SGSN
Giao din Gb l giao din gia BSS v SGSN. Hnh: 4 m t giao din Gb. SGSN vi mt hay nhiu khi iu khin gi PCU (Packet Control Unit) c kt ni vi nhau qua giao din Gb. N cho php nhiu ngi s dng c th cng chia s ngun ti

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Hnh 4: Ngn xp giao thc Gb

nguyn chung. Cc bn tin bo hiu v d liu ngi dng c th c gi trn cng ngun ti nguyn vt l. GMM/SM (GPRS Mobility Management/ Session Management Qun l di ng GPRS/ Qun l phin): Giao thc ny h tr cho chc nng qun tr di ng trong mng GPRS nh nhp mng, ri mng, cp nht vng nh tuyn, cp nht vng nh v, khi to/ hu b PDP context. Giao din ny h tr: - Dng chung h tng mng: cho php lu lng trn giao din A (trong GSM) v Gb c th cng i trn mt con ng E1. - Kt hp cc lin kt: Cho php kt hp nhiu giao din Gb trn nhiu ng E1 v mt ng E1. - iu khin lung

LLC: Lp iu khin lin kt logic

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RLC: Lp iu khin kt ni v tuyn L1 bis: Lp 1 bis MAC: Lp iu khin truy nhp trung gian GMM/SM: Qun l di ng GPRS/ Qun l phin GSM RF : Tn s v tuyn GSM.

3.3.2. Giao din Gr gia SGSN v HLR

Giao din Gr l giao din gia HLR v SGSN chuyn cc thng tin v h s thu bao, a ch SGSN hin ti v a ch PDP. Hnh 5 l cu trc ca giao din Gr:

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Hnh 5: Ngn xp giao thc Gr

MAP (Mobile Application Port): Cng ng dng di ng. TCAP (Transation Capabilities Application Part): Phn ng dng cc kh nng giao dch. SCCP (Signaling Connection Control Part): Phn iu khin kt ni bo hiu. MTP (Message Transfer Part): Phn chuyn giao tin bo. L1 (Layer 1): Lp 1. Giao din ny kt ni SGSN vi HLR bi bo hiu s 7, cung cp kh nng truy nhp ti tt c cc nt trong mng bo hiu s 7, bao gm HLR ca ni mng PLMN khc. Ti giao din ny, giao thc MAP h tr cho kh nng trao i tn hiu gia SGSN v HLR. Cn cc giao thc TCAP, SCCP, MTP3, MTP2 ging nh giao thc c s dng h tr MAP trong mng GSM.

3.3.3. Giao din Gs gia MSC/VLR v SGSN

Giao din Gs l giao din gia SGSN v MSC/VLR trong trng hp kt hp gia cc dch v chuyn mch gi GPRS v chuyn mch knh GSM.

Cu trc ca giao din Gs:

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Hnh 6. Ngn xp giao thc Gs Ti giao din ny, giao thc BSSAP+ l mt phn trong cc th tc BSSAP nhm h tr cho vic bo hiu gia SGSN v MSC/VLR.

3.3.4 Giao din Gf gia SGSN v EIR

Giao din Gf l giao din gia b ghi nh v nhn dng thit b EIR v SGSN c th hi v s IMEI ca trm di ng. Ti giao din ny, giao thc MAP h tr cho bo hiu gia hai phn t SGSN v EIR phc v cho vic nhn dng thit b u cui. EIR (Equipment Identity Register): B ng k nhn dng thit b.

3.3.5 Giao din Gd gia SGSN vi SMS GMSC v SGSN vi SMS

Hnh 7: Ngn xp giao thc Gd SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node): Nt h tr dch v ca GPRS. Nhm 12 L11CQVT07-B 30

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SMS GMSC (Gateway MSC for Short Message Service): Tng i di ng lin mng cho dch v nhn tin ngn. Gd l giao din gia SGSN vi SMS GMSC v SGSN vi SMS IWMSC. Ti giao din ny, giao thc MAP h tr cho vic bo hiu gia SGSN v SMS SMSC phc v cho vic truyn ti cc bn tin ngn.

3.3.6. Giao din Gn

Cu trc ca giao din Gn:

Hnh 8. Ngn xp giao thc Gn GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node): Nt h tr cng ni GPRS GTP (GPRS Tunneling Protocol): Giao thc to ng hm GPRS Nhm 12 L11CQVT07-B 31

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UDP (User Datagram Protocol): Giao thc d liu gi ngi s dng IP (Internet Protocol): Giao thc Internet Gn l giao din gia cc SGSN hay gia SGSN v GGSN, chc nng ca cc lp, cc giao thc c m t cc phn trc. Gn thng c cu hnh nh cc giao din IP, cc giao din ny s dng cc giao din vt l ring bit vi cc a ch IP ring bit. Vic ghp knh (multiplexing) cc giao din IP ny c thc hin mc nh tuyn IP.

3.3.7. Giao din Gi

Cu trc ca giao din Gi:

Hnh 9: Ngn xp giao thc Gi Gi l giao din gia GGSN v cc mng s liu bn ngoi nh mng d liu gi chuyn mch cng cng PSPDN (Public Switched Data Network), mng d liu gi chuyn mch knh CSPDN (Circuit Switched Packet Data network), Internet, Intranet nhm phc v cho vic trao i d liu gia thu bao di ng v cc mng ngoi.

3.3.8. Giao din Gc

Cu trc ca giao din Gc:

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Hnh 10: Ngn xp giao thc Gc

Qua giao din ny, cc phn t GGSN v HLR c th trao i thng tin bo hiu cho nhau. C hai cch thit lp tuyn bo hiu ny, c th: - Nu giao tuyn bo hiu s (SS7) c ci t trong GGSN, giao thc MAP c s dng trao i thng tin gia GGSN v HLR. - Nu giao din SS7 khng c ci t trong GGSN, khi bt k phn t GSN (GPRS Support Node Nt h tr GPRS) no trong cng mng di ng mt t cng cng PLMN c ci t giao din SS7 vi vai tr GGSN c th s dng vic trao i GTP v MAP trao i thng tin gia GGSN v HLR.

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KT LUN
Vic xy dng c s h tng cho 3G yu cu lng vn b ra rt ln. Do , GPRS thc s l mt bc qu cn thit, c hiu qu v tnh kinh t cao a mt mng thng tin di ng GSM sn c tin ln th h in thoi di ng th ba. i vi vit Nam, vic hi nhp thng tin di ng th h th ba tri qua bc qu s dng cng ngh GPRS l hon ton hp l. N gip cho cc nh khai thc c th tn dng c c s h tng ang tn ti, ng thi c th p ng c nhu cu ngy cng gia tng ca ngi s dng. Trong qu trnh thc hin chuyn nhm thu thp c rt nhiu kin thc v in thoi di ng. Nhng kin thc ny rt c gi tr khi nhm tip tc nghin cu v cc cng ngh 3G, chng cng rt hu ch khi nhm c iu kin lm vic trong cc lnh vc v thng tin di ng sau ny. Mt ln na xin chn thnh cm n thy gio hng dn Ths. Nguyn Vit m trong khoa in t Vin thng ch bo v gip chng em hon thnh bi chuyn ny. Nhm 12 L11CQVT07-B 34

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Do trnh v thi gian nghin cu cn hn hp, nn mc d c gng nhng s khng th trnh khi nhng thiu st. Rt mong nhn c s ch bo, gp ca cc thy c v b bn ng nghip.

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