BIHANG YLT. RONGL, SVENSKA VEPENSKAPS-AKADEMTENS HANDLINGAR. ADERTONDE BANDE, AFDELNING IV. |. OMPATTANDE RADE LEFVANDE OCH FOSSILA FORMERjqun TL K.SVENSKA VET-AKAD. AANDUNGAR aod 18. An I. No f. ECHINOLOGICA BY SVEN LOVEN. WITH TWELVE PLATES. CMMENCATED VO THE R. SWEDISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES DECEMBER 11", L889) AND JANUARY 19", 1892. STOCKHOLM 1592. KUNGL, BOKTHYCKRRIFT. P, A. NORRIEDY & SONEK.The Echinoid, such as it is when it has just ended its larval riod and assumed the outward form of the adult, has been described from time to time, the Arbacia equituberculata Buy. and the A. punctulata Lamck by Jonannus Minuzr!, ALEx- axper Acasstz? and Garman and Corroy?; the Strongylocentrus drobakensis O. F. M. by At. Acassiz*; the Strongylocentrus lividus Lamox by Kroun®; the Echinus parvituberculatus Biv. by Bury’; the Echinarachnius Parma Lamox by Frwxxs? and besides these other doubtful or unknown species’. I for- merly observed a young specimen of some northern form®, and had the drawings made which are repeated here p. 11 In these several instances the final form takes its existence vot froin an egg but from the interior of a larva, the plu- teus, which is itself the direct issue of an egg and after a short free-swimming life has its frame consumed in ori- ginating the imago. From this general process of indirect development two exceptions are known in which the free- swimming stage is left out, be it that surrounding agencies in some manner have rendered the metamorphosis superfluous, pethaps dangerous, or that they represent an order of things else antiquated, or a new era of simplified development. They are: a Spatangid, Abatus cavernosus Pur..!, and a Cidarid, | Metamorphose @. Echinodermen, VII, 1855, p. 22, Pl. IV, fig. 3, 4 2 Revision, 1874, p? 734, fig. 68,'69. { Brooks. Handbook of Invertebrate Zoology, 1882, p. 130, fig. 76, 77. sion, em'Nology of Echinoderms. Mem. Amer. Acad., IX. 1864, pl. 1; Revi- on, p. 709. PL TN, fig. 1; Pl. X, fig. 1—4. { Mitins Archiv, 1851, p. 351. { Quart. Journ. Mierose. Science, N. S., XXIX, p. 439, Pl XXXVI, fig. 11 « Ball. Mus. Comp. Zool, XI, p. 120. Pl. TI—VIIT, 1886 tb, Wo Mtruen, Metamorphose, 1, 1848, p. 23, Pl. VIL, fig. 1-11 » VU IS55, p. 28. PL VII, fig. 8-16. Etudes s. 1. Echinoidees, 1874, p. 27, Pl. XVIE, fig. 149 - 152. — Pour- 233. ‘alesia, p25, PL XTX, fig. 253, 933. Aeag, tum, Wem. Arch. “XT, 1845, p. 346. — Av. Acassiz, Proc. Amer 12 Kh 1Si6, p. 281; Challenger Ech., 1881, p. 179, Pl. XX*,'fig. 1, 2 7— DER, Berl’ ekouson, Voy. Chall, 11, 1877, p. 229, woodeut p, 233. Sau. rig in. Mon. Ber, Juli 1876, p. 457; ib., October 1880, p. 881; Zool. An- Be, 1880, p. 67, 68,