-

(Sensor, Transducer,

)
(Conditioning,

Gain,

Filter, Driver,)
Recorder

A/D Sampling
& Digitizing, Oscilloscope, Data

Acquisition/Display/Storage
(
)

-
FFT

FFT

FFT?

-
Aliasing

Aliasing
Nyquist Criterionf
2fHP2.56

100HzResolution Lines 800

f=100Hz/800=1/8Hz
T=1/f=8sec

100Hz2.56100=256Hz
Sample8256=2048Samples

(a)Measurements taken at the same frequency as the variation (b)The result is a constant value

(a)Measurements taken at a rate which is less than the Nyquist criterion. (a)measurements taken
at 4/3 the rate of variation. (b)The result is an apparent signal that has a frequency less than the
real rate of variation, 1/3 the true frequency in this case

Input signal periodic in time record

Input signal not periodic in time record

-
Window
Leakage,

FFT
FFT
FFT,
,

 Window
Hanning window

Uniform window
(window)

Flat top window

 Window()
Force and Response (Exponential) window

Force widthLight Damping

Exponential decaying
time constant
Window

-
Self-windowing function
FFT
Leakage

Impulse

Shock (Impact) Response-FRF

Sine Burst-Fix vibration source
Noise Burst-Random
Chip Burst-Mechanical,Control

system FRF

Averaging

a a a

A
RMS Average
A:

..... an
3
2

a i
n
i

Trigger

noisenoise

 Averaging()
Vector (Linear) Average
a a ....an
A 1 2
n
A:
ai
i
n

Trigger(Key Phasor)
noise(
) ()

 Averaging()
Exponential Average (RMS or Vector)
Average numbernnRMS
Average(Linear AverageTrigger)
n
next value=(1/n)(new value)+[(n-1)/n](current value)

exponential average
Pause
n

 Averaging()
Peak Hold Average
average modePeak Hold

Peak Hold Average