Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • IP MAC Media Access Control

    Uploaded by

    kave
    12 views3 pages
    - MAC addresses are physical addresses for computers in a network, while IP addresses are logical addresses. - MAC addresses are stored on the network card chip and do not require special drivers, unlike IP addresses. - Both MAC addresses and IP addresses are needed to uniquely identify computers on a network. MAC addresses operate at the data link layer (layer 2) of the OSI model to identify which computer a packet belongs to, while IP addresses operate at the network layer (layer 3).

    Original Description:

    Original Title

    Mac

    Copyright

    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document
    - MAC addresses are physical addresses for computers in a network, while IP addresses are logical addresses. - MAC addresses are stored on the network card chip and do not require special drivers, unlike IP addresses. - Both MAC addresses and IP addresses are needed to uniquely identify computers on a network. MAC addresses operate at the data link layer (layer 2) of the OSI model to identify which computer a packet belongs to, while IP addresses operate at the network layer (layer 3).

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    12 views3 pages

    IP MAC Media Access Control

    Uploaded by

    kave
    - MAC addresses are physical addresses for computers in a network, while IP addresses are logical addresses. - MAC addresses are stored on the network card chip and do not require special drivers, unlike IP addresses. - Both MAC addresses and IP addresses are needed to uniquely identify computers on a network. MAC addresses operate at the data link layer (layer 2) of the OSI model to identify which computer a packet belongs to, while IP addresses operate at the network layer (layer 3).

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 3

    ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻴﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮﯼ‬

    ‫‪ MAC Address‬ﭼﻴﺴﺖ ؟‬

    ‫ﻫﺮ ﮐﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺎ ﺳـﺎﻳﺮ ﮐﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮﻫـﺎ ‪،‬ﻣـﯽ ﺑﺎﻳﺴـﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳـﺎﺋﯽ ﻭ‬
    ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﻳﮏ ﺁﺩﺭﺱ ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮﺑﻔﺮﺩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪ .‬ﻗﻄﻌﺎ" ﺗﺎﮐﻨﻮﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺩﺭﺱ ﻫﺎﯼ ‪ IP‬ﻭ ﻳﺎ ‪ ) MAC‬ﺍﻗﺘﺒﺎﺱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ‬
    ‫ﮐﻠﻤﺎﺕ ‪ ( Media Access Control‬ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻮﺍﻝ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
    ‫ﮐــﻪ ﺍﻭﻻ" ﺿــﺮﻭﺭﺕ ﻭﺟــﻮﺩ ﺩﻭ ﻧــﻮﻉ ﺁﺩﺭﺱ ﭼﻴﺴــﺖ ﻭ ﺛﺎﻧﻴــﺎ" ﺟﺎﻳﮕــﺎﻩ ﺍﺳــﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧــﺎﻥ ﭼﻴﺴــﺖ ؟‬
    ‫‪ ، MAC Address‬ﻳﮏ ﺁﺩﺭﺱ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﮑﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺁﺩﺭﺱ ﻫﺎﯼ ‪ ، IP‬ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻨﺰﻟـﻪ ﺁﺩﺭﺱ ﻫـﺎﯼ‬
    ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺁﺩﺭﺱ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﯽ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻠﺰﻡ ﻣﯽ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻨﻈـﻮﺭ ﭘﻴﮑﺮﺑﻨـﺪﯼ ﮐـﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﻭ‬
    ‫ﮐﺎﺭﺕ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﮑﻞ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﺎﺻﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﻣﺴـﺘﻘﺮ ﻧﻤﺎﺋﻴـﺪ ) ﻣـﺜﻼ" ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬
    ‫ﺁﺩﺭﺱ ﻫﺎﯼ ‪ . ( IP‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ‪ MAC Address‬ﺻﺪﻕ ﻧﺨﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﮐﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻨﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺁﺩﺭﺱ‬
    ‫ﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻮﺭ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﺎﺻﯽ ﻧﺨﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ ‪ ،‬ﭼﺮﺍﮐﻪ ﺁﺩﺭﺱ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺗﺮﺍﺷﻪ ﮐﺎﺭﺕ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬
    ‫ﻣﯽ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ‪.‬‬
    ‫ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ‪MAC Address‬‬

    ‫ﻫﺮ ﮐﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎﺋﯽ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﺋﯽ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬
    ‫ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﺋﯽ ﻳﮏ ﮐﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ‪ ،‬ﺻﺮﻑ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻳﮏ ﺁﺩﺭﺱ ‪ IP‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎﺋﯽ ﮐﻔﺎﻳﺖ ﻧﺨﻮﺍﻫﺪ‬
    ‫ﮐﺮﺩ ‪ .‬ﺣﺘﻤﺎ" ﻋﻼﻗﻪ ﻣﻨﺪﻳﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﺍﻧﻴﺪ ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻧﮕﺎﻫﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﻝ‬
    ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ ‪ OSI‬ﻭ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﻢ ‪:‬‬
    ‫ﻣﺪﻝ ‪OSI‬‬

    ‫‪...‬‬
    ‫ﺁﺩﺭﺱ ‪ IP‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻻﻳﻪ ﺳﻮﻡ‬ ‫‪Network Layer‬‬

    ‫ﺁﺩﺭﺱ ‪ MAC‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻻﻳﻪ ﺩﻭﻡ‬ ‫‪DataLink Layer‬‬

    ‫ﻻﻳﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ‬ ‫‪Physical Layer‬‬

    ‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﮑﯽ‬

    ‫ﻫﻤﺎﻧﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﯽ ﻧﻤﺎﺋﻴـﺪ ‪ MAC Address ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻻﻳـﻪ ‪ ) DataLink‬ﻻﻳـﻪ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻣـﺪﻝ ‪( OSI‬‬
    ‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻣﺴـﺌﻮﻝ ﺑﺮﺭﺳـﯽ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻣﻮﺿـﻮﻉ ﺧﻮﺍﻫـﺪ ﺑـﻮﺩ ﮐـﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﺘﻌﻠـﻖ ﺑـﻪ ﮐـﺪﺍﻣﻴﮏ ﺍﺯ‬
    ‫ﮐﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ .‬ﺯﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻳﮏ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ ) ‪ ( Packet‬ﺑـﻪ ﻻﻳـﻪ ‪Datalink‬‬
    ‫ﻣﯽ ﺭﺳﺪ ) ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ ( ‪ ،‬ﻭﯼ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﺋﯽ ﺧﻮﺩ ) ﻻﻳﻪ ﺳﻮﻡ ( ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺩ ‪.‬‬
    ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺧﺎﺻﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﺋﯽ ﻳﮏ ﮐﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺳﻮﻡ ﻫﺴﺘﻴﻢ ‪.‬‬

    ‫‪١‬‬
    ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻴﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮﯼ‬

    ‫‪ ، MAC Address‬ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈـﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑـﺎ ﺍﺳـﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻻﻳـﻪ ﺩﻭﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻇﻴﻔـﻪ‬
    ‫ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﺋﯽ ﮐﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﯼ ﻳﮏ ﺷـﺒﮑﻪ ‪،‬‬
    ‫ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﯽ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﮐـﻪ ﺁﻳـﺎ ‪ MAC Address‬ﻣﻮﺟـﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ‬
    ‫ﺑﺨﺶ "ﺁﺩﺭﺱ ﻣﻘﺼﺪ " ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻟﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺩﺭﺱ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺖ ﻣﯽ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ؟ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﮑﯽ ) ﻻﻳـﻪ‬
    ‫ﺍﻭﻝ ( ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻝ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻳﮑﯽ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻳﻢ ﻫﺎﺋﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣـﯽ‬
    ‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻻﻳـﻪ ‪ ، Datalink‬ﮔﺬﺍﺷـﺘﻪ ﻣـﯽ ﺷـﻮﺩ ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘـﺖ ‪MAC Address‬‬
    ‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ "ﺁﺩﺭﺱ ﻣﻘﺼﺪ " ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻟﯽ ﺑﺎ ‪ MAC Address‬ﻳﮑـﯽ ﺍﺯ ﮐﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮﻫـﺎﯼ‬
    ‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ‪ ،‬ﮐﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺳـﻮﻡ ‪ ،‬ﺁﺩﺭﺱ ﺷـﺒﮑﻪ ﺍﯼ‬
    ‫ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ ) ‪ ( IP‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﯽ ﺗﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺁﺩﺭﺱ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺑـﺎ ﺁﺩﺭﺱ ﺷـﺒﮑﻪ ﺍﯼ ﮐـﻪ‬
    ‫ﮐﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ ﭘﻴﮑﺮﺑﻨﺪﯼ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺪﺭﺳﺘﯽ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺖ ﻣﯽ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ‪.‬‬
    ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ‪MAC Address‬‬

    ‫ﻳﮏ ‪ MAC Address‬ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﯼ ﻫﺮ ﮐﺎﺭﺕ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﻃﻮﻟﯽ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﻭ ﻳﮑﺴﺎﻥ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ‪) .‬‬
    ‫ﺷﺶ ﺑﺎﻳﺖ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ‪ ٤٨‬ﺑﻴﺖ ( ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﯽ ‪ Address MAC‬ﻳﮏ ﮐﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺁﻥ‬
    ‫ﮐﺎﺭﺕ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ ،‬ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﻣﺖ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﯼ ﺷﺎﻧﺰﺩﻩ ) ‪ ، ( Hex‬ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﺪ ﺩﻳﺪ ‪ .‬ﻣﺜﻼ"‬
    ‫‪ MAC Address‬ﮐﺎﺭﺕ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﯼ ﻳﮏ ﮐﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪:‬‬
    ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ‪MAC Address‬‬

    ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ‪ IPconfig/all‬ﻭ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺑﺨﺶ ‪: Physical address‬‬

    ‫‪٦A‬‬ ‫‪DB‬‬ ‫‪٧٩‬‬ ‫‪BA‬‬ ‫‪٥٠‬‬ ‫‪٠٠‬‬


    ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ‪ IEEE‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬
    ‫‪١٧٠٠ RFC‬‬

    ‫ﺯﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻳﮏ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﻞ ‪ ،‬ﮐﺎﺭﺕ ﻫﺎ ﯼ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﯽ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ‪ ،‬ﺁﻧـﺎﻥ ﻫـﺮ ﺁﺩﺭﺱ‬
    ‫ﺩﻟﺨﻮﺍﻫﯽ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻤﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ‪ MAC Address‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﻧﺪ ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ‬
    ‫ﮐﺎﺭﺕ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺑﺨﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻳﮏ ﺿﺎﺑﻄﻪ ﺧﺎﺹ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺁﺩﺭﺱ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬
    ‫‪ ،‬ﻗﻄﻌﺎ" ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﺗﻌﺎﺭﺽ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺁﺩﺭﺱ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺁﻣﺪ ‪ ) .‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﮐﺎﺭﺕ‬
    ‫ﻭ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﻭ ﮐﺎﺭﺕ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺩﺭﺱ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻳﮑﺴﺎﻥ (‪.‬ﺣﺘﻤﺎ" ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳـﻮﺍﻝ ﺑـﺮﺍﯼ‬
    ‫ﺷﻤﺎ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﻣﯽ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﮐﻪ ‪ MAC Address‬ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭼﻪ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﺋﯽ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻪ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﺑـﻪ‬
    ‫ﮐﺎﺭﺕ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ ؟ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﮑﻼﺕ ﻓﻮﻕ ‪ ،‬ﮔـﺮﻭﻩ ‪ ، IEEE‬ﻫـﺮ‬
    ‫‪ MAC Address‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﯼ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺨـﺶ ﺁﻥ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻨﻈـﻮﺭ ﺷﻨﺎﺳـﺎﺋﯽ ﺗﻮﻟﻴـﺪ‬

    ‫‪٢‬‬
    ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻴﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮﯼ‬

    ‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﮐﺎﺭﺕ ﻭ ﺩﻭﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﺎ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﻳﮏ ﺷـﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﺳـﺮﻳﺎﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ‬
    ‫ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭﺝ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ ‪.‬‬
    ‫ﮐﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ‪ RFC-١٧٠٠‬ﺑﻪ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﯽ ﺷـﻮﺩ ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺸـﺎﻫﺪﻩ ‪RFC‬‬
    ‫ﻓﻮﻕ ﺣﺘﻤﺎ" ﻣﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﺪ ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻳﮏ ﮐﺪ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷـﻨﺪ ‪.‬ﻋﻠـﺖ‬
    ‫ﺍﻳــــﻦ ﺍﻣــــﺮ ﺑــــﻪ ﺣﺠــــﻢ ﮔﺴــــﺘﺮﺩﻩ ﻣﺤﺼــــﻮﻻﺕ ﺗﻮﻟﻴــــﺪﯼ ﺁﻧــــﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﻣــــﯽ ﮔــــﺮﺩﺩ ‪.‬‬
    ‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮐﻪ ‪ MAC Address‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﮐﺎﺭﺕ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺛﺒﺖ ﻣﯽ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺑـﻪ ﺷـﻤﺎ‬
    ‫‪MAC‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﺩﺍﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻳﮏ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺧﺎﺹ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﺑﺨـﺶ ﺩﻭﻡ‬
    ‫‪ Address‬ﮐﺎﺭﺕ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ) ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﺳﺮﻳﺎﻝ ﮐﺎﺭﺕ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ( ‪ .‬ﻋﻠـﺖ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻣﻮﺿـﻮﻉ ﺑـﻪ‬
    ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻳﺎﻝ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﻣﯽ ﮔـﺮﺩﺩ )‬
    ‫ﺗﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ( ‪.‬‬
    ‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮐﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺩﻭ ﮐﺎﺭﺕ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺧﺮﻳﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﻧﻤﺎﺋﻴﺪ ﮐـﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ‪MAC Address‬‬
    ‫ﻳﮑﺴﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﻭ ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﻫﻢ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

    ‫‪٣‬‬

    You might also like