Co So Ky Thuat CNC

TRNG AI HOC S PHAM KY THUAT TP.
HO CH MINH Trung tam ao tao Viet - c
D an hp tac vi cong ti phan mem Toan Ky Thuat MTS, C quan ho tr va hp tac phat trien GTZ CHLB c
C S
K THUAT
CNC
Bien soan: NGUYEN ANH TUAN
Thanh pho Ho Ch Minh 04.2001

Trung tam ao tao Viet c 1-3 Vo Van Ngan Thu c HCMC Viet Nam Fax: ++84.8.8966046; Tel.: ++84.8.8964575 MTS GmbH Kaiserin-Augusta-Alle 101 D 10553 Berlin Fax: ++49.30.34996025; Tel.: ++49.30.3499600
CHAN THANH CAM N Ong Tien s Hans Joachim Pfeiffer giam oc cong ti phan mem toan k thuat MTS Berlin; Ong Trng oan chuyen gia Alois Mailly tai Trung tam ao tao Viet -c; Ong Tien s Diego Marambio chuyen gia cua MTS Berlin; Nha s pham nghe Bernd Koch chuyen gia cua MTS Berlin; cung cac ong nghiep trong va ngoai Trung tam ao tao Viet -c a ong vien giup toi hoan thanh cuon tai lieu nay
TP. Ho Ch Minh, thang 04 nam 2001
NGUYEN ANH TUAN
LI NOI AU
Tai lieu nay c viet phuc vu lp boi dng kien thc CAD/CAM-CNC, tai Trung tam ao tao Viet c cho cac Thay Co giao nganh c kh cac Trng cong nhan k thuat, Trung hoc k thuat, Cao ang va ai hoc. Tai lieu c bien soan trong thi gian rat han hep theo yeu cau m lp cua Trung tam Viet c cung nh pha chuyen gia va cong ty ho tr MTS, GTZ CHLB C. Do vay khong the tranh khoi nhng thieu sot nh: thuat ng chuyen mon, chnh ta, loi anh may, cung nh cha hoan thien ve mat noi dung va hnh thc vv. Mat khac do yeu cau cua a so cac Thay Co muon s dung tap tin goc nay e phuc vu thuan li cho cong tac soan thao bai giang sau nay, nen chung toi cung manh dan gi tang ti Thay Co tai lieu nay vi tinh than ay la tai san chung nham phuc vu cho phat trien cong nghe CAD/CAM-CNC at nc chung ta va cung la mong muon cua pha ban CHLB c. Bo tai lieu dung giang day tai TT. ao tao Viet-c hien gom 4 cuon can ban: 1. 2. 3. 4. C s k thuat CNC Mo phong Phay CNC vi phan mem MTS Mo phong Tien CNC vi phan mem MTS K thuat gia cong tren may phay cong nghiep Kunzmann
Cac tai lieu sau la phan nang cao khi co yeu cau rieng: 5. K thuat INCAD 6. CAM-Phay 7. CAM-Tien 8. Tien-Phay tren may tien CNC 5 truc 9. Bai giang cua cac giao trnh tren vi Powerpoint Chung toi rat mong nhan c nhng ong gop quy bau cua cac Thay, Co nham ngay mot hoan chnh hn tai lieu nay ong thi co nhieu hp tac tch cc trong tng lai. Chan thanh cam n cac Thay Co! a ch lien he nh sau:
NGUYEN ANH TUAN - NR: 17 ng Cay Keo, KP.1, F. Tam Phu, Q. Thu c, TP. HCM
- CQ: Trung Tam ao Tao Viet c Trng ai Hoc S Pham K Thuat 01 Vo Van Ngan, Q. Thu c, TP. HCM - TNR + Fax: ++84.(0)8.7200202 - Mob. ++84.(0)91 81 35 553 - TCQ: ++84.(0)8.8960541, ++84.(0)8.8964575 - Fax: ++84.(0)8.8966046 - E-Mail: tuanna@hcmute.edu.vn hoac nat0508@hotmail.com
MUC LUC 1 C s k thuat CNC 1.1 Lch s phat trien k thuat CNC
Cac giai oan phat trien t may thong thng ti san xuat vi s ho tr cua may tnh 1.2 So sanh may cong cu thong thng vi may cong cu CNC Cau truc Chc nang Tnh kinh te 1.3 ac iem cau truc may cong cu CNC hien ai Cac truc bc tien va truc xoay ieu khien c He thong o hanh trnh Truyen ong chnh va cac truc cong tac Thiet b kep Thiet b ga va thay dung cu cat An toan lao ong ben may CNC Kiem tra kien thc: CNC can ban
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2 C s hnh hoc cho gia cong CNC 2.1 He thong toa o tren may cong cu CNC
Cac dang he toa o He toa o e-cac He toa o cc nh ngha he toa o lien quan ti may va chi tiet Cac truc xoay va truc bc tien tren may cong cu CNC V tr va k hieu cac truc NC Cac hng dch chuyen tren may cong cu CNC Ghi kch thc ung NC Mo phong CNC Luyen tap xng 2.2 Tnh toan NC C s tnh toan cac toa o Cac k hieu danh ngha cua mot tam giac Cac ham so goc Tam giac vuong Cac ham so lng giac Tnh toan cac toa o NC
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2.3 Cac iem chuan va iem 0 tren may CNC

Cac dang iem chuan va iem 0 at iem 0 cho chi tiet (W) tren may tien CNC at iem 0 cho chi tiet (W) tren may phay CNC
2.4 ieu khien so tren may cong cu CNC ieu khien mach h va mach kn (ieu khien chuoi va tuan hoan) ieu khien CNC Cau truc va chc nang Nhap va s l d lieu Cac dang ieu khien CNC Van hanh DNC ac trng cua van hanh DNC Nhap va s l d lieu trong van hanh DNC u iem cua van hanh DNC 2.5 Hieu chnh dung cu cho gia cong CNC Y ngha va muc ch cua viec hieu chnh dung cu Hieu chnh chieu dai dung cu cat cho phay va tien Hieu chnh ban knh dung cu cat Hieu chnh ban knh dao phay Hieu chnh ban knh mui dao tien o va hieu chnh dung cu vi thiet b hieu chnh Cau truc va chc nang cua thiet b hieu chnh dung cu Cac bc o va hieu chnh dung cu o va hieu chnh dung cu vi vi ho tr cua may CNC o dung cu trc tiep tren may tien CNC Xac nh sai lech can va thc vi cac cach thc k thuat khac nhau 2.6 He thong o hanh trnh Bc tien, ieu khien va ieu chnh v tr cac truc NC Phng phap o hanh trnh o hanh trnh tuyet oi va tng oi Kiem tra kien thc: C s hnh hoc
53 53 53 53 53 56 59 59 59 60 61 61 61 62 62 64 68 68 69 70 70 70 74 74 74 74 84
3 C s cong nghe gia cong CNC 3.1 He thong dung cu CNC cho tien va phay
Can ga Can dao Li cat manh hp kim cng 3.2 Cau truc va cac bo phan cua dao tien cho gia cong CNC Cac dang dao tien va k hieu ISO Vat lieu li cat Kim cng Dang hnh hoc li cat Mon dao va tuoi ben Thong so gia tr cat V du tnh toan thong so che o cat cho gia cong CNC
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3.3 Cau truc va cac bo phan cua dao phay cho gia cong CNC
Phay va phng phap phay Cac dang dao phay va k hieu ISO Vat lieu li cat Kim cng Dang hnh hoc li cat Thong so gia tr cat V du tnh toan thong so che o cat cho gia cong CNC
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3.4 Tnh toan thong so che o cat cho gia cong CNC
V du tnh toan thong so che o cat cho gia cong tien CNC V du tnh toan thong so che o cat cho gia cong phay CNC
3.5 He thong kep CNC

Cac dang va k hieu thiet b kep e tien Cac dang va k hieu thiet b kep e phay Kiem tra kien thc: C s cong nghe
4 Lap trnh NC can ban 4.1 To chc va qua trnh lap trnh NC thu cong
Khac nhau can ban gia chuan b gia cong cho may thong thng va may CNC Trnh t to chc lap trnh NC Thiet lap chng trnh bo phap chuan b san xuat Thiet lap chng trnh pham vi xng S khac nhau gia lap trnh thu cong va lap trnh may Cac bc nguyen tac lap trnh thu cong tai cho lam viec am bao chat lng trong gia cong CNC
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4.2 C s lap trnh NC

Tieu chuan lap trnh NC Cau truc chng trnh NC Cau truc cau lenh Cau truc t lenh So sanh cac ma lenh chng trnh NC cua cac he ieu khien CNC khac nhau
4.3 Lap trnh NC can ban

Cac bc lap trnh NC thu cong Phan tch ban ve che tao Xac nh trnh t cong viec La chon o ga va dung cu cat can thiet Thiet lap chng trnh NC Lap trnh NC thu cong cho tien Lap trnh NC thu cong cho phay Kiem tra kien thc: Lap trnh NC can ban
Phu luc
Li giai ap an cac cau hoi kiem tra kien thc Ten cac loai dao phay thng dung
K thuat CNC can ban
KHAI QUAT VE KY THUAT CNC
1.1 Lch s phat trien cua ky thuat CNC

Cac giai oan phat trien t may cong cu thong thng ti he thong san xuat vi s tch hp cua may tnh (CIM)
Y tng ve s phat trien ieu khien so (Numerical control = NC) cho may cong cu c hnh thanh vao nam 1949/50 tai Vien cong nghe Massachusetts (Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, USA). V nhiem vu cua Khong lc Hoa Ky can che tao nhng chi tiet quan trong cua nhng may bay ln t vat lieu ong nhat hn la dung inh tan hay han cac vat lieu lai vi nhau. Khi gia cong nhng chi tiet ln co bien dang phc tap vi ky thuat thong thng, th thi gian gia cong rat ln va chi ph san xuat cao. Do o sau mot thi gian nghien cu, bien dang gia cong cua nhng chi tiet ln co the de dang c thay the bi cac chc nang toan hoc va ngi ta a quyet nh che tao mot bo ieu khien e ieu khien mot may phay da tren c s nay. NC CNC
(Numerical control):
ieu khien so.
CIM CAD / CAM CAD FFS CNC NC

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990
(Numerical control with integrated computer):
FFS CAD CAM CIM
ieu khien so vi s tch hp cua may tnh. (Flexible manufacturing system) : He thong san xuat linh hoat . (Computer aided drawing/design): Ve/thiet ke vi s tr giup cua may tnh. (Computer aided manufacturing): San xuat vi s tr giup cua may tnh.
(Computer planning, integrated design and manufacturing manufacturing): with
He thong san xuat vi s tch hp cua may tnh vi chc nang lap ke hoach, thiet ke va t ong san xuat.
Hnh 1: S phat trien cua k thuat CIM Ve mat ky thuat e thc hien y tng nay yeu cau mot bo ieu khien, no bien dch cac ai lng au vao c mo ta di dang nh phan va dang so cho cac hanh trnh chuyen ong va cac chc nang van hanh may, theo o may phay co the hieu va s ly cac tn hieu nay. ay la nguyen tac c ban ng dung ieu khien so cho cac may cong cu. Vi s phat trien nhanh chong cua x ly tn hieu ien t a tao ieu kien cho y tng tren tr thanh hien thc. May ieu khien so au tien la may phay ng. Cac truc bc tien lam dch chuyen ban may cua may phay c thc hien bi tng cac mot rieng biet. Cac thong tin hanh trnh va chc nang may can thiet cho qua trnh gia cong c ghi lai tren bang uc lo di dang chuoi cac lenh a c ma hoa dang ch va so, goi la mot chng trnh NC. May cong cu ieu khien so au tien a ch ro cac ac iem cua cac may NC phat trien sau nay: Toan bo chng trnh gia cong c ghi lai tren bang uc lo . May tnh ieu khien viec x ly cac thong tin hanh trnh va chc nang may. Truyen ong rieng biet cho tng truc bc tien va truc chnh e ieu khien chuyen ong cua dao va ban may. He thong o va kiem e phan hoi v tr cua dung cu cat cho he ieu khien trong may tnh.
Gia nhng nam 50, hau het cac nha san xuat may cong cu a bat au san xuat va phat trien may phay ieu khien so va ngay sau o la may tien NC. S phat r tien nhanh chong cua cac linh kien vi ien Trung tam ao tao Viet c; Nguyen Anh Tuan. 04. 2001 MTS GmbH 1997
http://www.ebook.edu.vn
K thuat CNC can ban t nh cac bo vi s ly va may vi tnh a tao ieu kien cho he ieu kien NC phat trien thanh he ieu kien CNC (Computerized numerical control = CNC) vao au nhng nam 70. Vi s ong gop cua cac bo vi s ly toc o cao ngay cang gia tang, a tao ieu kien m rong kha nang hoat ong cua may cong cu ieu khien so. Cac bo vi s ly hien thi va he ieu khien CNC cung nh may cong cu ieu khien bang chng trnh lo-gic (PLC), a nang cao hieu qua cua chng trnh NC ve o chnh xac gia cong, toc o cua dung cu cat cung nh cong suat cat. He ieu khien CNC hien ai co the co nhieu cac chc nang khac, co kha nang lap trnh trc tiep e gia cong cac chi tiet co dang hnh hoc phc tap ma khong phai tnh toan thong qua s ho tr cua cong cu toan hoc. S phat trien khong ngng cua may cong cu CNC ang dien ra trong s hp tac gia cac nha san xuat linh kien vi ien t, ieu khien CNC, may cong cu va dung cu cat. Ngoai ra ngi s dung cung tao ieu kien cho nhp o phat trien nhanh chong nay, do luon oi hoi cao va yeu cau nhng giai phap tot nhat va mi nhat. Cac trung tam gia cong CNC, cac he thong san xuat linh hoat (FFS) va cac nha may san xuat t ong cao (CIM) a anh dau bc phat trien quan trong cua may cong cu ieu khien bang chng trnh so. Cac oi hoi hien tai t pha cac nha s dung: Cong giao tiep vi kha nang cong suat ln e luon truyen tai nhanh dung lng ln cac d lieu. Cac trung tam gia cong ong bo vi o chnh xac cao nhat, v du: cac may tien t 7- 32 truc NC, nhieu truc gia cong hn va cac dung cu phay linh hoat cat tren may tien. Gia cong vi toc o cao trng hp tien, phay va khoan vi o chnh xac cao nhat cho quy ao ong. Giam thieu cong viec lap trnh cho tng nhiem vu gia cong. He thong lap trnh NC n gian va hieu qua cao vi mo phong ong-tng ho cho qua trnh gia cong. Phan tch loi vi s ho tr cua o hoa tren cac may cong cu CNC va he thong san xuat chung.
1.2 So sanh may cong cu thong thng va CNC

Cau truc
May cong cu CNC c thiet ke c ban giong nh may cong cu thong thng. S khac nhau that s la cho cac bo phan lien quan en tien trnh gia cong cua may cong cu CNC c ieu khien bi may tnh. Cac hn g dch chuyen cua cac bo phan may cong cu ieu khien CNC c xac nh bi mot he truc toa o, he truc toa o nay lien quan en chi tiet gia cong va the hien cac truc bc tien, chung nam song song vi cac dch chuyen chnh-thang cua may. Nhng chuyen ong can thiet cho tien trnh gia cong cua cac bo phan may (ban may, au revolver va cac bo phan khac) c tnh toan, ieu khien va kiem tra bi may tnh. Vi muc ch nay moi chuyen ong cua cac bo phan may co mot he thong o rieng e tnh toan, kiem tra cac v tr tng ng va phan hoi thong tin nay ve he ieu khien.
Trung tam ao tao Viet c; Nguyen Anh Tuan. 04. 2001 MTS GmbH 1997
K thuat CNC can ban
Chc nang
Bang di ay so sanh nhng chc nang c ban gia may cong cu thong thng, may cong cu NC va may cong cu CNC May cong cu thong thng Nhap d lieu: Ngi cong nhan ieu chnh may cong cu bang tay da theo nhiem vu san xuat va ban ve chi tiet, ga phoi va dung cu cat cung nh ieu chnh o song song gia dao va chi tiet. ieu khien bang tay: Ngi cong nhan cai at cac thong so cong nghe (so vong quay, lng chay dao...) va ieu khien viec gia cong thong qua cac tay quay. May cong cu NC Nhap d lieu: Chng trnh NC c nhap vao he ieu khien NC bi bang uc lo. May cong cu CNC Nhap d lieu: Chng trnh NC co the c nhap vao he ieu khien CNC thong qua ban phm, a hoac cong giao tiep (seriell, Bus). Nhieu chng trnh NC c lu tr trong 1 bo lu tr nh a cng. ieu khien CNC: May tnh va phan mem tng ng tch hp trong he ieu khien CNC lam nhiem vu ieu khien va ieu chnh may cong cu CNC. Bo lu tr chng trnh, chng trnh con, d lieu may, kch thc dung cu cat va cac gia tr hieu chnh cung nh cac chu trnh gia cong c s dung. Thong thng phan mem phan tch loi cung c tch hp trong he ieu khien CNC. Kiem tra: May CNC am nhan trong khi gia cong at cac kch thc chi tiet bi s phan hoi lien tuc cua he thong o va cac motor v tr c ieu chnh so vong quay. Nh co cac cam bien o c tch hp ma viec kiem tra kch thc at c ngay trong suot qua trnh gia cong. ong thi co the thc hien tiep tuc viec s l trong he ieu khien CNC, v du e th nghiem va toi u hoa mot chng trnh NC mi.
ieu khien NC: ieu khien NC s l cac thong tin ve ng dch chuyen va cac chc nang may trong chng trnh NC va a ra cac tn hieu ieu khien tng ng ti tng cac bo phan hnh thanh may NC.
Kiem tra: Kiem tra: Ngi cong nhan o va kiem May NC a am nhan trong tra kch thc bang tay, neu khi gia cong at cac kch thc can thiet phai lap lai tien trnh chi tiet bi s phan hoi thng gia cong. xuyen cua he thong o va cua motor v tr.
K thuat CNC can ban
Tnh kinh te
u iem cua may cong cu CNC 1. Tnh kinh te at c cao vi may cong cu CNC bi toc o gia cong cao cung nh thi gian gia cong c ban, thi gian phu, thi gian chuan b va thi gian ket thuc giam. Cac nhan to anh hng sau ay tac ong manh ti tnh kinh te cua may CNC: - Lap trnh trc tiep tren may bi kha nang nhap bang tay. - Viec am trach bo phan chuan b chuan b san xuat cho viec lap trnh, san sang vat lieu cung nh dung cu cat va nhap cac d lieu c thc hien tai cho lam viec. - Lu tr trong cac trng hp gia cong lap lai cua mot chng trnh gia cong chi tiet ac biet di dang chng trnh con. - Toi u hoa chng trnh NC trong he ieu khien. - Mo ta hnh dang chi tiet gia cong thong qua viec cho dang hnh hoc n gian. - Chay dao t ong cho en khi at kch thc. - T ong van hanh cac chc nang cua may va trc tiep can thiep khi xay ra loi hoac b nhieu. - Quan sat t ong qua trnh gia cong thong qua he ieu khien CNC (o va kiem tra t ong). - He thong o dao cha nhieu dao. - Co kha nang chuan b dung cu cat ben ngoai may ma khong anh hng en qua trnh gia cong. Chat lng chi tiet gia cong on nh, t phe pham. Lam tang o chnh xac gia cong, do cap chnh xac cua may cao (1/1000mm o chnh xac o). Thi gian gia cong ngan thong qua viec to chc san xuat va trung lap cong viec. Thi gian van hanh may cao. Tnh linh hoat trong san xuat cao bi he thong gia cong va do vay gia cong hp l cho loat nho hoac gia cong n chiec vi o phc tap cao.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Do nhng u iem tren nen may cong cu CNC chiem u the trong gia cong cat got. Pham vi ng dung rong (xem hnh 2) la ac iem tieu bieu cua may cong cu CNC.
Nang suat o phc tap va o chnh xac gia cong
May cong cu CNC May cong cu thong thng
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Hnh 2 Pham vi ng dung cua may cong cu CNC Nhng yeu cau khi s dung may cong cu CNC
e van hanh va lap trnh tren m ay cong cu CNC, nhat thiet oi hoi ngi van hanh may phai co trnh o cao. Nhieu kinh nghiem t gia cong tren may thong thng khong the ng dung cho gia cong CNC do toc o cat cao hn rat nhieu.
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K thuat CNC can ban
1.3 ac iem cua may cong cu CNC hien ai

ieu khien truc quay va truc bc tien
Gia cong chi tiet tren may cong cu CNC oi hoi cac truc bc tien co the c ieu khien va ieu chnh, chung c truyen ong bi cac ong c servo oc lap. Do o cac tay quay chnh yeu cua may cong cu thong thng khong con dung en tren may cong cu CNC hien ai. Cac may tien CNC (xem hnh 3), co t nhat 2 truc bc tien co the ieu khien hay ieu chnh, c anh dau theo phng X va phng Z.
Hnh 3 Cac truc NC ieu khien c tren may tien Cac may phay CNC (xem hnh 4), co t nhat 3 truc bc tien co the ieu khien hay ieu chnh, c anh dau theo cac phng X, Y va Z.
Hnh 4 Cac truc NC ieu khien c tren may phay
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K thuat CNC can ban Ngoai chuyen ong doc theo cac truc X, Y va Z con co the ieu khien cac chuyen ong quay quanh moi truc. Cac chuyen ong quay nay co the c ieu khien va c anh dau bang A, B va C (xem hnh 5).
+Y
+B
+A +X
+C
+Z
Hnh 5 Cac truc quay va truc bc tien trong he toa o e-cac Thong thng co cac truc bc tien ieu khien c tiep theo, cac truc nay c k hieu bi U, V va W. Them vao o la cac truc quay ieu chnh c e co the xoay ban may, truc oi xng va thiet b mang dao khong b phu thuoc vao cac truc bc tien. Chung c k hieu bang A, B va C. Xa dao va ban may khi gia cong c dch chuyen bi cac truyen ong bc tien, nhng truyen ong nay phai ap ng c cac yeu cau cao nhat v o chnh xac gia cong va o chnh xac lap lai cao. Do vay cac chuyen ong cua moi truc phai c tien hanh vi toc o bc tien cao cao va thi gian nh v la nho nhat. e ap ng nhng yeu cau tren mot c cau truyen ong hien ai (xem hnh 6) bao gom cac thanh phan sau: ong c, ly hp c kh chong lai s qua tai cung nh c ieu khien bang ien t. Vt me bi lam cho qua trnh truyen lc khong co khe h. Cam bien o nh he thong o hanh trnh hau het c at cuoi moi truc. Khuech ai cong suat vi cac thiet b giao tiep bang so (digital) hoac tng t (analog) e ieu khien CNC.
Truyen ong bc tien c lien ket vi thiet b o cho viec o v tr c chnh xac. Moi truc bc tien can mot he thong o hanh trnh vi viec s l t ong cac tn hieu o. Khoang c ng dung khi o chieu dai thong thng mang tr so 0.001 mm, rieng truc X cua may tien (Kch thc ng knh) can la 0.0005 va trng hp may mai chnh xac la 0.0001.
2 1 3
ong c bc tien Ban may He thong o
Vt me bi ai oc bi
Hnh 6 Truyen ong bc tien cua ban may vi vt me bi Trung tam ao tao Viet c; Nguyen Anh Tuan. 04. 2001 MTS GmbH 1997
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K thuat CNC can ban e at o chnh xac trong qua trnh dch chuyen, cac c cau truyen ong thng dung vt me bi. Neu chuyen ong cua truc chnh c thc hien bi ong c, th ai oc bi dch chuyen hau nh khong co khe h theo chieu doc va ay xa dao hoac ban may tng ng doc theo bang may (xem hnh 7). Trong suot qua trnh truyen ong hai na cua ai oc bi c kep ta vao vi nhau bao am khe h va ma sat cua ren la nho nhat. e bao am khe h ren la nho nhat hai na cua ai oc bi c hieu chnh trc, do vay o chnh xac kch thc khi gia cong co the at c. Kha nang loi ve bc cua truc vt me bi c o the c can oi t ong bi s hieu chnh loi ve bc cua truc. Nhng kha nang khac nh thanh rang/banh rang va truc vt/ai oc.
2 1 3
ai oc bi Vong em Vong cach e ieu chnh khe h bi
3 4
Hnh 7 Truyen ong vt me bi vi ai oc hai na khong co khe h
Truc truyen ong
Sai so gia cong trong qua trnh san xuat truc vt me bi c o the c hieu chnh bi he thong CNC hien ai vi s can oi loi ve bc cua truc. Them vao o cac dung sai c nhan biet vi he thong o lade (laser) va c lu tr trong he ieu khien CNC.
He thong o hanh trnh

Tuy thuoc vao dang thiet b o c s dung hoac thang o e phan biet gia o v tr trc tiep va gian tiep cung nh o v tr tuyet oi va tng oi. Thc o c o trc tiep mang lai gia tr o chnh xac nhat. Khi o v tr trc tiep (xem hnh 8), thc o c gan tren ban xa dao hay tren ban may, v the o khong chnh xac cua truc chnh va khp noi truyen ong khong anh hng en gia tr o. Cac gia tr o c nhan biet bi mot cam b ien quang hoc tren co chia vach cua thang o, Cam bien o bien oi cac gia tr o a xac nh sang tn hieu ien va chuyen chung cho he ieu khien.
au oc Thc quang
Y 1 2
Hnh 8 o v tr trc tiep
13
K thuat CNC can ban Khi o v tr gian tiep (xem hnh 9), chuyen ong dch chuyen at c t chuyen ong quay cua vt me bi, chuyen ong quay nay c thi hanh vi mot a xung nh la mot thc o. Chuyen ong quay cua a xung c ghi nhan t mot xung quay va c chuyen tiep he ieu khien nh la mot tn hieu. Sau o he ieu khien tnh toan chnh xac chuyen ong cua ban may hay v tr hien tai cua chung da tren so cac xung quay.
1 2
Ban may a xung nh mot thang o Vt me bi
Cam bien (cam bien vong quay)
4
Hnh 9 o v tr gian tiep Khi o v tr tuyet oi (xem hnh 10), mot thang o a c ma hoa hien th trc tiep v tr c ua ban may lien quan ti mot iem nh hng co nh tren may. iem nay la iem khong 0 cua may, no c xac nh bi nha che tao may. ieu kien la pham vi oc cua thang o cung ln nh pham vi lam viec va s ma hoa nh phan c thc hien tren thang o, do vay he ieu khien co the hieu c trat t gia tr so cho moi v tr oc c.
0 12345678
2
Thang o c ma hoa nhp phan V tr tc thi cua ban may
M
Hnh 10 o v tr tuyet oi Khi o v tr tng oi (xem hnh 11), thang o c ng dung vi mot li vach n gian, chung hnh thanh t cac vach sang toi xen ke nhau. Khi chuyen ong bc tien vt qua cam bien o, cam bien se em so cac vet sang va vet toi va tnh toan v tr tc thi cua ban may da vao s khac biet ti v tr ban may trc o. He ieu khien phai c nhan biet mot lan v tr tuyet oi, t o no mi co the tnh toan v tr ban may tc thi vi s ho tr cua viec o v tr tng oi, iem nay c s dung nh la mot iem chuan. Do o can thiet phai nhan biet iem tuyet oi nay khi he ieu khien c khi ong. iem tuyet oi nay c goi la iem tham chieu. Moi chuyen ong cua cac truc, tham ch khi dch chuyen bang tay qua s dung cac tay quay hay nut bam can phai c nhan biet iem nay cho he ieu khien.
14
K thuat CNC can ban
4
Li vach V tr trc cua ban may V tr hien tai cua ban may Ban may iem tham chieu
Hnh 11 o v tr tng oi V he ieu khien anh mat s kiem soat cac chuyen ong c kh khi mat ien do vay khi khi ong lai phai cho may chay ve iem tham chieu.
Truyen ong chnh va cac truc cong tac

Truyen ong chnh cua may CNC phai truyen cong suat cat can thiet bi cac ong c truyen ong tng ng qua truc cong tac e gia cong chi tiet thch hp. Ngoai ra con co ton that do ma sat thng gap trong bo phan c kh ma o tac ong ve mat kch thc cua no phai c xac nh cho may CNC. o on nh cao ve mat truyen ong c at ra, mac du lc gia cong cao nhng momen quay moi v tr phai c on nh. ong thi phai co u ong lc e lam chu s thay oi nhanh chong cua toc o cat va khong b rung ong. Trc kia cac truc cong tac va truc truyen ong oi xng tren cac may cong bang ong c ien mot chieu. e gi cho toc o cat on nh can co nhng cua cac mot, v du e tien cac ng knh khac nhau, toc o cua cac ong cap trong mot pham vi rong. Nhc iem cua ong c ien mot chieu nay la do o can phai kiem tra thng xuyen choi than va thay the kp thi. cu CNC c truyen ong yeu cau ve so vong quay c nay c ieu chnh vo cac choi than b mai mon,
Vi s phat trien tien bo cua cac linh kien vi ien t, ngay nay hau het s dung ong c ien ba pha. Bat li ve ieu khien so vong quay phc tap a c bo qua thay vao o la gia thanh cao bi ieu khien bang ien t. Co hai loai ong c ba pha: ong c khong ong bo va ong c ong bo. Chung co u iem hn so vi ong c ien mot chieu. Khi cung kch thc momen quay at c cao hn. Ngoai ra so vong quay cao hn ti ba lan va cong suat c ban cao hn. Cac ong c nay lam viec khong can choi than, khong co co gop do vay khong oi hoi cao viec bao tr. Truc cong tac c tieu chuan hoa e am bao kha nang thay oi toi a cua cac thiet bi kep. Trong may CNC truc cong tac cung nh cac bo phan khac c che tao chac chan hn so vi may cong cu thong thng v gia toc nhanh hn (10 en 40m/s) va cong suat cat cao hn.
15
K thuat CNC can ban
Thiet b kep chi tiet

Cac thiet b kep dung e nh v chnh xac va kep chat chi tiet gia cong tren truc cong tac (oi vi tien) hoac tren ban may (oi vi phay). Chi tiet gia cong phai c kep sao cho tuyet oi khong con khe h, v tr phai c xac nh mot cach chnh xac va chac chan ong thi hoan toan chong lai lc cat. Thiet b kep chi tiet rat phong phu va a dang. Trong tng lai viec cap va lay chi tiet gia cong trong gia cong tien se c thc hien bi tay may (robot). Cac mam cap ieu khien c vi nhieu dang khac nhau ang c s dung pho bien. Nhng mam cap nay c thiet ke cho phep ieu khien viec ong, m cac chau kep t ong bang kh nen hoac bang thuy lc. Lc kep co the c ieu chnh cao hoac thap phu thuoc vao trong lng, vat lieu, chieu dai/ng knh cua chi tiet, chieu sau kep va cac ac iem cat khac. Nhng mam cap lam viec vi so vong quay cao eu co s hieu chnh lc ly tam, do o lc kep khong b giam bi lc ly tam. Can oi lc ly tam la dung mot oi trong vi lc ly tam cua cac chau kep, lc kep c gi on nh vi s hieu chnh nay. Lam viec gia hai mui tam thong thng c s dung mam toc, toc mat au va mui tam xoay ieu khien c. Cac chi tiet nho c kep bi he thong kep rut. Trong gia cong phay CNC chc nang chnh cua thiet b kep la nh v chnh xac v tr cua chi tiet. Viec kep chi tiet can c dien ra sao cho kep va thay oi chi tiet gia cong mot cach de dang, chnh xac, va nhanh chong. Cac eto kep thuy lc c s dung trong cac qua trnh gia cong cac chi tiet n gian. Trng hp chi tiet phay gia cong nhieu pha th viec gia cong ong bo oi hoi cang t lan kep cang tot. Trng hp gia cong chi tiet phay phc tap can phai che tao o ga cung nh kha nang xoay t ong hoac dung he thong o ga modul hoan chnh do vay cho phep gia cong ong bo ma khong can phai oi kep. Cac tam ga giup ngi van hanh may ga at chi tiet gia cong tiep theo ben ngoai khong gian lam viec cua may CNC, sau o c t ong mang vao ung v tr gia cong, hnh thc nay ang c s dung rong rai.
Thiet b ga va thay dao

May cong cu CNC c trang b vi nhng thiet b co the ieu khien e thay dao t ong. Tuy thuoc vao dang cau truc va pham vi ng dung, nhng thiet b thay dao nay co the ong thi cha c nhieu dao khac nhau va lap at dao vao v tr cong tac theo chng trnh NC. Thng co cac loai sau: au rvolve cha dao. O cha dao.
au rvolve cha dao thng dung cho may tien (xem hnh 12) va o cha dao thng dung cho may phay (xem hnh 13). Khi chng trnh NC goi mot dao mi au rvolve se quay dao c yeu cau vao ung v tr cong tac, cong viec thay dao ch dien ra trong vai giay.
Hnh 12 au rvolve cha dao
16
K thuat CNC can ban Phu thuoc vao dang cau truc va kch thc, au rvolve cua may tien-CNC co the mang 8 en 16 dao. Trong nhng trung tam gia cong ln co en 3 au rvolve co the c s dung ong thi. Neu trong cac trung tam gia cong can nhieu hn 48 dao, th o cha dao vi cac dang khac nhau co the cha en 100 dao hoac nhieu hn na. Co cac loai o cha dao dai, o cha dao vong, o cha dao dang a, o cha dao dang xch (xem h nh 13) va o cha dao dang hop.
Hnh13 O cha dao dang xch 1
Dao phay Can thay dao Truc cong tac (truc chnh) O cha dao
3 4
Hnh 14 Thiet b thay dao t ong Trong o cha dao, viec thay oi dao dien ra do mot he thong can gat goi la can thay dao (xem hnh 14) thc hien. Qua trnh thay oi dao vi can gat kep dien ra sau khi co mot dao mi c goi t chng trnh NC nh sau: nh v dao mong muon tren o cha dao vao v tr thay dao. Truc cong tac v tr thay dao. Quay thiet b kep dao (can gat) vao v tr dao cu tren truc cong tac va vao v tr dao mi tren o cha dao. Lay cac dao tren truc cong tac va o cha dao, sau o quay thiet b kep dao. at dao mi vao truc cong tac va dao cu vao o cha dao. Quay thiet b kep dao ve v tr ban au. Nh thiet b thay dao t ong nay nen tien trnh thay dao ch dien ra trong khoang 6 en 15 giay, thiet b thay dao nhanh nhat hien nay at c la mot giay. Trung tam ao tao Viet c; Nguyen Anh Tuan. 04. 2001 MTS GmbH 1997
17
K thuat CNC can ban
An toan lao ong ben may cong cu CNC
Muc ch cua an toan lao ong la loai tr cac tai nan cho ngi s dung, cac h hong co the xay ra cho may va cac thiet b! Ve c ban an toan lao ong ben may cong cu CNC tng t nh may cong cu thong thng, chung co the c xep vao 3 dang sau: Loai tr nguy hiem. Cac thieu thon tren may va tren cac thiet b can thiet cho cong viec phai c thong bao ngay lap tc. Loi thoat hiem phai luon c e trong. Khong nen mang nhng vat ben nhon trong ngi. Thao ong ho va nhan khi lam viec. Xac nh va ghi nh vung nguy hiem. Cac thiet b an toan va cac bien ch dan khong c phep dch chuyen hoac lam te liet. Cac bo phan chuyen ong va giao nhau phai c che chan. Phong nga cac nguy hiem. Phai mang o bao ho lao ong e tranh cac tia la va tieng on. Phai eo knh bao ve hoac mat na e bao ve mat. Cac day ien h khong c phep s dung.
Khi ieu chnh va van hanh may CNC can ac biet quan tam en cac van e sau: Thong thng, ch cho phep ieu chnh khi may a c ngng. Ngoai tr cac trng hp khi ieu chnh can phai m may, nh trng hp ra chi tiet gia cong. Ngi van hanh khong nen vao vung co chuyen ong quay hoac vung lam viec cua may, v trong vung nay may co the thc hien cac chuyen ong quay cua au rvolve hay cac chuyen ong tnh tien cua ban may. Phai tuan theo cac ch dan an toan cua nha san xuat may. Can chu y en cac yeu cau k thuat an toan sau ay: Phai cai then an toan e chong lai viec gia cong cac chi tiet b ga at sai hoac khong u cng vng, e tranh vang cua cac phan t chuyen ong. Phai khoa cac thiet b kep chi tiet tren may CNC Gi khoang cach an toan gia cac bo phan nho ra xa cua cac may CNC lan can trong he thong mang may CNC va Tranh phoi vang cung nh tia phun cua nc trn nguoi. Hut bui khong kh trong khong gian may.
Xng
Mo ta tng bo phan hnh thanh may CNC trong xng CNC. Can ch ro va giai thch cac bo phan cau thanh may cong cu hien hu. ac biet nhan manh s giong va khac nhau gia may cong cu thong thng va may cong cu CNC.
18
K thuat CNC can ban
Cau hoi kiem tra C s k thuat CNC

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. Hay giai thch s khac nhau can ban gia may cong cu thong thng va CNC? Cac ac trng nao mo ta may cong cu ieu khien so? Nhng u iem cua may CNC so vi may thong thng? Tai sao cac truc bc tien tren may CNC phai ieu chnh c ? Truyen ong bc tien hien ai hnh thanh t nhng bo phan nao? May tien CNC phai co toi thieu bao nhieu truc bc tien? Cac truc bc tien cua may tien CNC c k hieu nh the nao? May phay CNC phai co toi thieu bao nhieu truc bc tien? Cac truc bc tien cua may phay CNC c k hieu nh the nao? Hay neu v du ve cac truc xoay ieu khien c tren cac may cong cu CNC? Cac truc xoay ieu khien c tren may tien CNC cho ta nhng kha nang nao? Cac truc xoay ieu khien c tren may phay CNC cho ta nhng kha nang nao? Hay giai thch y ngha va tac dung cua truc vt-me bi? Hay neu s khac nhau c ban gia o v tr trc tiep va gian tiep? o v tr tuyet oi phan biet nh the nao so vi o v tr tng oi? Hay neu u iem ma cac moto truyen ong chnh ieu chnh c so vong quay mang lai? Co cac thiet b thay dao t ong nao tren may cong cu CNC? Hay neu cac dang o cha dao tren may phay CNC?
19
C s hnh hoc cho gia cong CNC
2 C S HNH HOC CHO GIA CONG CNC 2.1 He toa o tren may cong cu CNC
Cac dang he toa o tren may CNC
Cac he toa o co kha nang mo ta chnh xac tat ca cac iem tren be mat lam viec hoac trong khong gian. Ve c ban cac he toa o c chia thanh: He toa o e -cac va He toa o cc
He toa o e-cac
He toa o e-cac, hoac con goi la he toa o vuong goc dung e mo ta chnh xac tat ca cac iem. Co hai loai he toa o e-cac: He toa o hai truc (he toa o e -cac phang), He toa o ba truc (he toa o e cac khong gian), chung c at thang goc vi nhau. Trong he toa o e-cac phang, v du nh he toa o X,Y. Moi iem trong mat phang c xac nh ro rang bi viec nhap cap toa o (X, Y). Khoang cach t 1 iem en truc Y goi la toa o X va khoang cach t 1 iem en truc X goi la toa o Y. Nhng toa o nay co the co dau dng (+) hoac dau am ( -) (Xem hnh 15).
V du: P1 X = 80 X = -80 X = -50 X = 40 Y = 40 Y = 70 Y = -40 Y = -70
P2 P1
X
P2 P3 P4
P3 P4
Hnh 15 He toa o e-cac vi 2 truc (X,Y)
Neu mot ban ve chi tiet c at trong he toa o nay th tat ca cac iem quan trong cua chi tiet c xac nh. Phu thuoc vao iem 0 cua chi tiet at au, ngi ta co the xac nh chnh xac v tr cua cac iem ch trong toa o dng (+) hoac ch trong toa o am (-).
Trung tam ao tao Viet-c; Nguyen Anh Tuan. 03.2001 MTS GmbH 1997
http://www.ebook.edu.vn 21
C s hnh hoc cho gia cong CNC He toa o e-cac khong gian la yeu cau can thiet e dien ta va xac nh v tr cua cac chi tiet trong khong gian, v du nh nhng chi tiet gia cong phay. e mo ta mot iem trong he toa o khong gian ba chieu ta goi toa o X,Y,Z tng ng theo cac truc (Xem hnh 16). Nh vay he toa o e-cac ba chieu, vi cac truc toa o dng (+) va am ( -) co kha nang mo ta chnh xac tat ca cac iem v tr, v du nh trong khong gian lam viec cua may phay, th no khong tuy thuoc vao iem 0 cua chi tiet c at au.
V du: P1 X = 30 Y = 20 Z = 0 P2 X = 30 Y = 0 Z = -10
P1
X P2
Hnh 16 He toa o e-cac vi 3 truc (X,Y,Z) Cac k hieu ba truc cung nh ba toa o c chon theo he thong ben phai va dien ra theo quy tac ban tay phai (Xem hnh 17). Cac ngon tay cua ban tay phai luon luon ch chieu dng cua moi truc. He thong cung c goi la he toa o quay phai.
+Y
+X
+Z
Hnh 17 Quy tac ban tay phai
He toa o cc
Trong he toa o e-cac mot iem co the c mo ta theo cac toa o X va Y cua no. oi vi cac bien dang xoay oi xng, v du nh cac cac hnh lo dang tron th viec tnh toan cac toa o can thiet oi hoii phai c m rong them. Trong he toa o cc mot iem c xac nh bang khoang cach (Banh knh r) cua no en iem goc va goc () cua no en mot truc xac nh. Goc ( ) co lien quan ti truc X trong he toa o X,Y. Neu o t truc X theo ngc chieu kim ong th goc ( ) co gia tr dng (Xem hnh 18) va ngc lai neu t truc X o theo chieu kim ong ho th goc ( ) co gia tr am (Xem hnh 19).
r
P
X
Hnh 18 He toa o cc (goc dng) Hnh 19 He toa o cc (goc am)
Goc quay cua cac truc

Moi truc chnh X,Y,Z eu co mot truc quay quanh tng ng. Nhng goc quay cua cac truc nay c bieu dien bang cac ch cai A,B,C. A quay quanh truc X, B quay quanh thuc Y va C quay quanh truc Z (xem hnh 20). Chieu quay la chieu dng neu quay theo chieu kim ong ho, khi nhn t iem 0 cua toa o ra chieu dng cua moi truc (tng ng vi chieu quay cua mot con vt vi ren phai hoac hng quay cua cay m nut chai). Cac goc quay A,B,C cua he toa o cc c xac nh nh sau: Neu mot iem xem nh c at trong mat phang X/Y cua he toa o, th goc trong toa o cc tng ng la goc quay quanh truc Z, co ngha la C. Tren mat phang Y/Z goc trong toa o cc tng ng la goc quay quanh truc X, co ngha la A. Tren mat phang X/Z goc tng ng la goc quay quanh truc Y, co ngha la B.
Hnh 20 Goc va hng quay cua truc Trung tam ao tao Viet-c; Nguyen Anh Tuan. 03.2001 MTS GmbH 1997
Xac nh he toa o lien quan en chi tiet va may

He toa o may He toa o may cua may cong cu CNC do nha san xuat may quyet nh va khong the thay oi. iem goc cua he toa o may cung c goi la iem 0 cua may k hieu la M va khong the dch chuyen c (xem hnh 21). He toa o chi tiet He toa o tren chi tiet do ngi lap trnh xac nh do o no co the c thay oi. iem chuan cua he to a o c hi tiet con c goi la iem khong 0 cua chi tiet W va no c xac nh theo yeu cau (xem hnh 22).
Z Y M X W Z Y X
M Hnh 21 He toa o may
iem 0 cua may
W iem 0 cua chi tiet Hnh 22 He toa o chi tiet
May phay CNC khi thiet ke may ngi ta thng thiet lap mot he thong toa o lien quan cho no. Thong thng truc Z c xac nh theo truc cong tac (c cau mang dao), do o chieu dng cua truc Z c xac nh t chi tiet gia cong en dung cu cat (xem hnh 23). Truc X va truc Y theo nguyen tac nam song song vi mat phang kep cua chi tiet gia cong. Khi ng trc may, chieu dng cua truc X chay sang phai va chieu dng cua truc Y hng t ngoai vao trong. iem 0 cua he toa o c u tien at goc ngoai pha tren ben trai cua chi tiet.
Hnh 23 Chi tiet phay trong he toa o e-cac khong gian
C s hnh hoc cho gia cong CNC e de dang cho viec tnh toan cac iem can thiet cho chng trnh ngi ta khuyen s dung cac canh ngoai, ben tren (xem hnh 24) hoac ben di (xem hnh 25).
Z Y
Hnh 24 iem khong 0 cua chi tiet W goc ngoai pha tren ben trai cua chi tiet.
Hnh 25 iem khong 0 cua chi tiet W goc ngoai pha di ben trai cua chi tiet.
May tien CNC

Trong may tien CNC truc cong tac (Truc mang chi tiet) c xac nh la truc Z, ieu nay co ngha la truc Z trung vi truc quay (xem hnh 26 va 27). Chieu dng cua truc Z c xac nh la chieu chuyen ong cua dung cu cat ri xa khoi chi tiet gia cong. Truc X c at vuong goc vi truc Z. Tuy nhien chieu cua truc X phu thuoc vao dung cu cat c at pha trc (xem hnh 26) hay pha sau (xem hnh 27) tam quay.
+X
+Z
+Z W
+X
Hnh 26 Chi tiet tien trong toa o e -cac vi 2 truc, dung cu cat nam pha trc tam quay Hnh 27 Chi tiet tien trong he toa o e-cac vi 2 truc, dung cu cat nam pha sau tam quay
Luyen tap CNC

Lam viec vi cac he toa o khac nhau:
Y a b
Nhap toa o cac iem vao bang. X a b c d Y
X d c
anh dau cac iem sau vao bieu o. X 10 -80 40 -30 Y 20 -30 -70 50
a b c d
Z Y a
Nhap toa o e-cac cua cac iem vao bang. X a b c d Y Z
C s hnh hoc cho gia cong CNC Nhap toa o e-cac cua cac iem sau vao bang. X Y
g h a b
f e d c
a b c d e f g h
Chi tiet tien trong ban ve cho kch thc ng knh do vay khi lap trnh cung phai ghi kch thc ng knh. Nhap toa o e-cac cua cac iem t a en h vao bang. Hay nhap toa o X theo kch thc ng knh! X a Z
f e d c b a
b c d e f g
Cac truc quay va truc bc tien tren may CNC

V tr va ky hieu cac truc NC
Cac may phay CNC c phan biet theo cau truc cua chung so vi trat t cua cac truc cong tac va v tr cua cac truc NC (xem hnh 28 va 29). Truc Z c nhan biet bi truc quay cua truc cong tac, chieu dng cua truc Z c nh ngha la chieu lam tang khoang cach t chi tiet en dung cu cat. Do he toa o e-cac ba chieu c s dung tren may phay CNC, nen hai truc toa o con lai co the c xac nh theo quy tat ban tay phai.
+Z
+Y
-Z
-Y
-X
-X +X +Z
+X
-Y
-Z
Hnh 28 Cac truc tren may phay ng
+Y
Hnh 29 Cac truc tren may phay ngang
Tren may tien CNC truc cong tac c xac nh la truc Z (xem hnh 30). Chieu dng cua truc Z chay t dung cu cat ri xa khoi chi tiet gia cong. Truc X c at vuong goc vi truc Z, chieu dng cua truc X chay t tam chi tiet gia cong ra pha sau (dung cu cat nam pha sau tam quay). Ngoai ra con co mot truc quay, o la truc C neu nh truc cong tac nay c ieu khien.
+X
+Z
Hnh 30 Cac truc tren may tien
Chieu chuyen ong tren may CNC
Trong qua trnh gia cong cac chuyen ong tng oi phai c thc hien gia chi tiet va dung cu cat tren cac truc. K hieu cac truc cua may cong cu CNC c xac nh trc bi cau truc cua chung (Xem phan v tr va k hieu cac truc). No co lien quan en chi tiet gia cong, nh o he toa o khong gian ecac c x dung. Lu y khi xet chuyen ong cua may CNC, ngi ta quan niem ch co dung cu cat chuyen ong, con chi tiet th ng im mac du ban may cua may phay ng chuyen ong doc theo cac truc X va Z (xem hnh 31).
+Y
+Z +X
Hnh 31 Chieu chuyen ong tren may phay e co the lap trnh ma khong phu thuoc vao may, ta phai ap dung cac quy c sau: Trong khi lap trnh phai luon luon cho rang ch co dung cu cat chuyen ong. He toa o luon luon lien quan en chi tiet gia cong. Theo quy nh nay th he toa o chi tiet luon c s dung e thiet lap chng trnh NC.
Ghi kch thc thch hp theo NC

Co hai cach ghi kch thc khac nhau c s dung trong lap trnh NC: Ghi kch thc tuyet oi. Ghi kch thc tng oi.
Ghi kch thc tuyet oi luon luon lien quan en iem 0 cua chi tiet, co ngha la cac kch thc chuan c s dung (xem hnh 32). Trai lai ghi kch thc tng oi luon luon s dung cac kch thc chuoi, chung c tnh t gia tr o hien tai en iem ke tiep (xem hnh 33). Trong trng hp tien, ghi kch thc theo gia tr tuyet oi tren truc X la cac gia tr ng knh, trong khi o ghi kch thc theo gia tr tng oi th s dung cac gia tr ban knh.
+X
+X
-Z
-Z
Hnh 32 Ghi kch thc tuyet oi Trung tam ao tao Viet-c; Nguyen Anh Tuan. 03.2001 MTS GmbH 1997 Hnh 33 Ghi kch thc tng oi
C s hnh hoc cho gia cong CNC Khi lap trnh ngi ta khuyen nen s dung cach ghi kch thc tuyet oi, bi v so vi cach ghi kch thc tng oi no co u iem hn: Dung sai kch thc khong b tch luy. Cac thay oi cua tng kch thc khong lam anh hng en cac kch thc khac. Mot kch thc b sai khong dan ti cac loi khac. Cac toa o tuyet oi ch ra khoang hanh trnh dch chuyen cua dung cu cat v the cac bc lap trnh rieng le co the c tm thay de dang.
Do vay e thiet lap ban ve ung NC, nen tranh cac kch thc tng oi va nen s dung cac gia tr toa o lien quan en iem chuan. Tuy nhien van co trng hp can phai s dung cach ghi kch thc tng oi, v du nh khi gia cong nhng chi tiet co cung bien dang nh cac ranh ng canh nhau tren chi tiet tien.
Mo phong CNC
Cac truc NC ieu khien c tren mo phong CNC Nh m ay cong cu CNC that, ngi ta co the dch chuyen cac truc NC bang tay trong mo phong CNC. Viec mo ta trnh t cac bc thao tac tren mo phong CNC c trnh bay theo cac bc sau: Khi nhap ch bam bang cac phm a cho (V du tng ng Phay CNC 1. 2. 3. Mo ta Goi phay CNC t menu chnh. Chon thiet lap cong nghe. Di chuyen cac truc X, Y hoac Z va kiem tra hanh trnh dch chuyen. Thc hien (Milling) (Setup mode) Bam cac phm tng ng tren ban phm. Theo cac chieu chuyen ong: la phm chc nang F5). F5
F2
F3
+Z
Pos 1
+Y
Bild
6 4
(Chieu X+) (Chieu X-) (Chieu Y+) (Chieu Y-) (Chieu Z+) (Chieu Z-)
7 4 1
8 5 2
-Z
9 6 3
-X
+X
9
Bild
1
En de
8 2
-Y
Ende
Bild
Einfg
Entf
Hanh trnh chuyen ong c kiem tra tren hien th toa o cac truc.
4.
Thoat khoi thiet lap cong nghe.
F8
(Quit)
Luyen tap:
Moi hoc vien thc hien di chuyen cac truc trong mo phong t nhat mot lan.
C s hnh hoc cho gia cong CNC Tien CNC 1. 2. 3. Mo ta Goi tien CNC t menu chnh. Chon thiet lap cong nghe. Di chuyen truc X hoac Z va kiem tra hanh trnh dch chuyen. Thc hien (Turning) (Setup mode) Bam cac phm tng ng tren ban phm. Theo cac chieu chuyen ong:
F1 F3
+X
Pos 1
6 4
(Chieu Z+) (Chieu Z-) (Chieu X+) (Chieu X-)
7 4
8 5 2
-X
-Z
6 3
Bild
+Z
8 2
Einfg
Entf
Hanh trnh chuyen c kiem tra tren hien th toa o cac truc.
4.
Thoat khoi thiet lap cong nghe.
F8
(Quit)
Luyen tap:
Moi hoc vien thc hien di chuyen cac truc trong mo phong t nhat mot lan.
Xng: ieu khien cac truc NC tren may CNC theo cac tai lieu ch dan trong xng. Luyen tap: Moi hoc vien thc hien di chuyen cac truc tren may CNC t nhat mot lan.
2.2 Tnh toan NC

C s tnh toan cac toa o
Khi lap trnh CNC ta phai nhap cac iem tng ng cua bien dang can gia cong. Thong thng co the lay trc tiep cac iem nay t ban ve, neu ban ve cung cap ay u cac kch thc thch hp cho chng trnh NC. Trong mot vai trng hp phai tnh toan toa o cac iem can thiet. Cac thong so cua mot tam giac e tnh toan cac toa o con thieu th moi tng quan gia cac ham so trong mot tam giac rat hu dung. Co the mo ta tam giac bang nhieu cach khac nhau. Cac thong so v du nh cac nh, cac goc va cac canh thng c s dung. nh A, B va C la k hieu 3 nh cua mot tam giac. Goc , va la cac goc tng ng vi cac nh cua tam giac. Canh a, b va c la cac canh cua mot tam gac oi dien vi cac nh A, B va C. Bieu dien cac thong so cua tam giac luon luon dien ra ngc chieu kim ong ho.
C b A c
Hnh 34 Cac thong so cua mot tam giac Cac goc cua tam giac
a B
Cac goc cua tam giac xac nh loai tam giac, phu thuoc vao kch thc cua goc ta co cac tam giac nhon, tam giac tu va tam giac vuong (xem hnh 35-37).
C b c B A c
Hnh 37 Tam giac vuong Co mot goc bang 90 .
C a b a
b A c
Hnh 35 Tam giac nhon Tat ca cac goc nho hn 90.
Hnh 36 Tam giac tu Co mot goc ln hn 90.
Quan he gia cac goc trong mot tam giac: Tong cac goc trong mot tam giac luon bang 180 .
+ + = 180o
Vi cong thc nay neu biet trc hai goc, ta co the tnh c goc con lai.
C s hnh hoc cho gia cong CNC Tam giac vuong Tam giac vuong (xem hnh 38) co mot y ngha ac biet trong hnh hoc giai tch, v cac canh cua tam giac vuong c at trong moi tng quan toan hoc vi nhau. Chung c mo ta bang cac ten sau: Canh dai nhat oi dien vi goc vuong la canh huyen. Hai canh tao nen goc vuong cua tam giac goi la canh goc vuong. Canh oi dien vi goc goi la canh oi. Canh ke vi goc goi la canh ke.
Trong tam giac vuong, goc vuong c mo ta bang vong tron va co mot dau cham ben trong.
Canh oi
Canh ke
Canh huyen Goc vuong
2
Hnh 38 Tam giac vuong Cac ng dung trong mot tam giac vuong Trong tam giac vuong thng s dung nh ly Pitago e tnh o dai cua mot canh, khi biet o dai hai canh con lai (xem hnh 39). nh ly Pitago: Tong bnh phng cua hai canh goc vuong bang bnh phng canh huyen.
a2 + b2 = c2
b a b a c
Dung cac phep bien oi tng ng ta co the tnh toan cac canh cua tam giac vi cac cong thc sau:
a = c2 b2 b = c2 a2 c = a2 + b2
Hnh 39 nh ly Pitago
C s hnh hoc cho gia cong CNC Cac ham so lng giac Cac ham so lng giac mo ta moi quan he gia cac goc va canh cua mot tam giac vuong. Vi cac ham so lng giac nay, neu biet trc mot goc va chieu dai cua mot canh th ta co the tnh c chieu dai cua cac canh con lai. S la chon cac ham so lng giac sin (xem hnh 40), cos (xem hnh 41) hoac tan (xem hnh 42) phu thuoc vao goc va canh cho trc.
Canh oi
Canh huyen 1
sin =
Canh oi Canh huyen
Hnh 40 Ham so sin
Canh ke
Canh huyen
cos =
1 Hnh 41 Ham so cos
Canh ke Canh huyen
Canh oi Canh ke
tan =
2
Hnh 42: Ham so tan
Canh oi Canh ke
Khi tnh toan cac canh, can phai bien oi cac cong thc tng ng vi cac canh a biet. V du: Biet trc goc va chieu dai canh ke, tnh chieu dai canh oi?
Ap dung cong thc:
tan =
Canh oi Canh ke
(Xem hnh 42) bien oi ta c:
Canh oi = Canh ke tan

C s hnh hoc cho gia cong CNC Tnh toan toa o NC Nhieu ban ve chi tiet ghi kch thc khong thch hp cho chng trnh NC. Ben canh viec s dung cac kch thc tng oi trong ban ve con cho cac kch thc goc. V vay ngi lap trnh bang tay can phai tnh toan toa o cac iem con thieu. V du theo ban ve di ay phai tnh toa o iem b, c va f. Cac iem khac a biet.
Y
f
25
X a 15 ? ? 85 85 ? 15
Y 15 15 35 35 85 85 65
b c
g c
25
d
d e
X
Tnh toa o iem b:
f g
Biet: Toa o x cua tam iem = 65 mm Tm: Toa o x cua iem b = ?
b
?
25
Giai:
dx
x = dx = dx = x =
65 mm - dx ban knh cua cung tron 25 mm 65 mm - 25 mm
x = 40mm
Tnh toa o iem c:
c
25
Biet:
Toa o x cua tam iem = 65 mm Ban knh cua cung tron r = 25mm dy = 35 mm - 15 mm = 20 mm Tm: Toa o x cua iem c = ? Giai: X = 65 mm + dx
dx ?
dy
dx = r 2 dy 2 2 2 dx = ( 25mm ) ( 20mm ) dx = 225mm 2

x = 65 mm + 15 mm x = 80mm
dx = 15mm
C s hnh hoc cho gia cong CNC Tnh toa o iem f:
Biet: Toa o x cua iem bat au canh nghieng = 15 mm Goc nghieng = 250 dy = 85 mm - 65 mm = 20 mm Tm: Toa o x cua iem f = ?
dx dy
Giai :
x = 15 mm + dx dx= dy * tan dx = 20 mm * tan 250 dx = 20 mm * 0,4663 dx = 9,326 mm x = 15 mm + 9,326 mm x = 24,32mm
f
25
Luyen tap CNC Nhap toa o tam iem cac lo t a en h vao bang. Tnh toan cac ga tr va lam tron en 3 so thap phan.
Y
c d
6 0
X a
b a
100
b c d e
50
h g
e f
50 100
f g h
Tnh toa o cha biet trong cac v du sau:
90 80
85 70 50
35
80
30
Tnh toa o Y
Tnh toa o Y
85
2.3 Cac iem 0 va iem chuan tren may CNC

Cac dang iem 0 va iem chuan
M W R E B A N iem 0 cua may iem 0 cua chi tiet iem tham chieu iem chuan cua dung cu cat iem hieu chnh dung cu cat iem ga dao iem thay dao
iem 0 cua may M

R E N
Moi may cong cu ieu khien so lam viec vi mot he toa o may. iem 0 cua may la iem goc cua he toa o lien quan en may, v tr cua no c xac nh bi nha san xuat may va khong the thay oi. Theo nguyen tac iem 0 M cua may tien CNC nam tren tam cua mat bch au truc chnh. Tren may phay ng CNC iem 0 cua may thng c at tren canh goc trai cua ban may mang chi tiet.
Hnh 43 V tr cua cac iem 0 va iem chuan tren may tien iem tham chieu R Moi may cong cu CNC vi he thong o hanh trnh tng oi can co mot iem chuan, no phuc vu ong thi cho viec kiem soat cac chuyen ong cua chi tiet gia cong va dung cu cat. iem chuan nay c goi la iem tham chieu R. V tr cua no c cai at chnh xac tren moi truc chuyen ong bi cong tac hanh trnh. Cac toa o cua iem tham chieu luon luon co cung mot gia tr va lien quan en iem 0 cua may, gia tr nay c ieu chnh co nh trong he ieu khien CNC. Sau khi khi ong may, trc tien phai chay tat ca cac truc ve iem tham chieu so vi chuan cua he thong o hanh trnh tng oi.
R M A N
Hnh 44 V tr cua cac iem 0 va iem chuan trong may phay Trung tam ao tao Viet-c; Nguyen Anh Tuan. 03.2001 MTS GmbH 1997
C s hnh hoc cho gia cong CNC iem 0 cua chi tiet W iem 0 cua chi tiet W la goc cua he toa o lien quan en chi tiet. V tr cua no do ngi lap trnh xac nh va co the thay oi theo ac iem cua qua trnh gia cong. Thuan li nhat cac kch thc nay thng c tiep nhan trc tiep t ban ve cho viec lap trnh. Trong trng hp gia cong tien, iem 0 cua chi tiet thng c at tam cua au ben phai hay ben trai cua chi tiet gia cong, tuy thuoc vao kch thc cua chi tiet gia cong c xac nh bat au t pha au nao. iem 0 cua chi tiet co the dch chuyen trong chng trnh NC, v du chi tiet tien can c gia cong 2 pha tren cac mui chong tam. Trong trng hp nay rat thuan li khi ta lan lt dch chuyen iem 0 cua chi tiet ti au phai hoac trai cua chi tiet.
+X
M W
+Z
+Z
+X Hnh 45 iem 0 cua chi tiet trong tien
Z Y
Trong cac chi tiet phay, nh pha ngoai thng c chon lam iem 0 cua chi tiet, tuy thuoc vao iem goc nao khi ghi kch thc chi tiet e chon iem chuan.
Hnh 46 iem 0 cua chi tiet trong phay
iem chuan cua dung cu cat E

Mot iem chuan quan trong na trong khong gian lam viec cua may la iem chuan cua dung cu cat E. iem chuan cua dung cu cat E tren may tien CNC la iem co nh tren au rvolve. Tren may phay CNC iem chuan cua dung cu cat E c at tren au truc chnh. ieu khien CNC lien quan trc tien ti iem chuan cua dung cu cat cho tat ca toa o iem ch. Trong trng hp lap trnh cho cac toa o iem ch ngi ta tao ra moi quan he tuy thuoc vao mui dao trong dao tien va tam dao trong dao phay. Do vay e co the ieu khien chnh xac mui dao (tien) hoac tam dao (phay) doc theo hanh trnh gia cong mong muon th cac dung cu cat phai c o chnh xac. Co Trung tam ao tao Viet-c; Nguyen Anh Tuan. 03.2001 MTS GmbH 1997
C s hnh hoc cho gia cong CNC the o cac dung cu cat ben ngoai may bi cac thiet b hieu chnh hoac co the o trc tiep tren may bi cac dung cu o quang hoc. ac biet khi s dung thiet b quang hoc, cac gia tr o c nhap trc tiep vao bo nh cua may. Neu s dung thiet b hieu chnh th gia tr o c cua cac dung cu phai c nhap bang tay vao bo lu tr cac gia tr hieu chnh tng ng cua he ieu khien. Ngoai ra con co hai iem can thiet cho viec chuan b dao ben ngoai may CNC, o la iem hieu chnh dung cu cat B va iem ga dao A. V tr cua iem hieu chnh dung cu cat B tren dao tien
B L Q
R L
Hnh 47 iem hieu chnh dung cu cat cua dao tien
iem hieu chnh dung cu cat Khoang cach t mui cat en iem hieu chnh dung cu cat theo phng Z Khoang cach t mui cat en iem hieu chnh dung cu cat theo phng X Ban knh mui cat
V tr cua iem hieu chnh dung cu cat B tren dao phay
B L
R
Hnh 48 iem hieu chnh dung cu cat cua dao phay V tr cua iem ga dao A tren au rvolve. A iem ga dao
Hnh 49 iem ga dao tren au rvolve Neu he thong dung cu cat (Can dao va o dao) c at vao c cau mang dao (au rvolve), th iem hieu chnh dung cu cat B va iem ga dao A trung nhau va tao ra iem chuan cua dung cu cat E. iem thay dao N iem thay dao N la iem thuoc khong gian lam viec cua may CNC, tai iem nay dung cu cat co the c thay oi ma khong xay ra cac va cham. Trung tam ao tao Viet-c; Nguyen Anh Tuan. 03.2001 MTS GmbH 1997
iem hieu chnh dung cu cat Khoang cach t mui cat en iem hieu chnh dung cu cat theo phng Z Ban knh dao phay
Cai at iem 0 cho chi tiet (W) tren may tien CNC
Cai at iem 0 cho chi tiet (W) sao cho phai tng ng vi iem 0 cua ban ve. Do vay co the s dung trc tiep cac kch thc cua ban ve e lap trnh. Xac nh v tr iem 0 cho chi tiet dien ra lien quan ti iem 0 (M) cua may CNC. iem 0 cua may tien CNC c at tren tam quay cua mat bch truc chnh, tai o mat bch cua mam cap c ap sat (Xem hnh 50).
Khoang cach gia iem 0 cua may (M) va iem 0 cua chi tiet (W) c ky hieu la zw, gia tr nay con c goi la dch chuyen iem 0 va tiep o no c nhap vao he ieu khien CNC.
zw
Hnh 50 Cai at iem 0 cho chi tiet W tren may tien CNC Trnh t thc hien ieu kien:
-
Tat ca dung cu cat phai c o va lap san tren au rvolve. Thiet b kep a c chuan b va chi tiet c kep chac chan tren truc chnh.
1. M truc chnh (quay ngc chieu kim ong ho). 2. Thay oi dung cu cat e cai at iem 0 cho chi tiet, co ngha la au rvolve quay en v tr tng ng, v du T02. Chu y: Khong gian quay cua au rvolve phai c kiem tra e tranh xay ra va cham trong suot qua trnh quay. 3. Ra dung cu cat cham vao mat au pha trc cua chi tiet gia cong: Di chuyen dung cu cat mot cach can than vi cac tay quay hay cac phm mui ten tng ng tren ban phm cua he ieu khien CNC cho en khi mui dao vach mot dau tren chi tiet gia cong. 4. Nhap lng d theo y muon cho mat au (v du 0.5mm) vao he ieu khien CNC, tiep o nhan phm 0. (Lng d c chap nhan e tien mat au tai gia tr z = 0). 5. He ieu khien CNC lu tr gia tr khoang dch chuyen cua iem khong zw. iem 0 cua chi tiet (W) c xac nh ro rang bi v toa o X = 0 c at tren tam quay. 6. Mat au c tien bi lng d hien hu. ieu nay can c lu y khi thiet lap chng trnh NC.
Cai at iem 0 cho chi tiet (W) tren may phay CNC
Tng t nh may tien CNC, cai at iem 0 cho chi tiet (W) tren may phay CNC phai tng ng vi iem 0 cua ban ve. ieu nay cho phep cac d lieu cua ban ve co the c s dung trc tiep e lap trnh. iem 0 cua chi tiet (W) c cai at co lien quan en iem 0 cua may M. Thong thng iem 0 cua may phay ng CNC c at ben tren goc trai cua ban may (xem hnh 51).
R M A N
Theo cac trnh t c mo ta di ay, ta co the xac nh khoang cach gia iem 0 cua may M va iem 0 cua chi tiet W theo 3 toa o X, Y va Z; cac gia tr nay sau o phai c nhap vao he ieu khien CNC. Trnh t thc hien ieu kien thc hien: - Chi tiet c nh v va kep chac chan tren ban may. - Tat ca dung cu cat a c o chnh xac va cac gia tr hieu chnh tng ng c nhap vao he ieu khien CNC. Dung cu ra c kep tren truc chnh va m truc chnh.
Hnh 51 Cai at iem 0 cho chi tiet W tren may phay CNC 1. Ra theo phng Z
Z Y
Chi tiet gia cong c kep tren ban may va di chuyen trong mat phang X/Y va nam pha di dung cu ra. Cho dung cu ra dch chuyen theo phng Z (truc chnh ang quay) en khi cham nhe vao be mat cua chi tiet gia cong (xem hnh 52).
X
Hnh 52 Ra theo phng Z
Tai v tr nay iem 0 phai c cai at va gia tr Z cua iem 0 cua chi tiet W phai c chuyen tai va lu tr trong he ieu khien CNC bang cach s dung phm chap nhan gia tr IST.
2. Ra theo phng X.
Z Y
Dung cu ra c nhac len va dch chuyen en v tr ra theo truc X. Truc chnh van quay va dch chuyen doc theo mat phang canh cua chi tiet (mat phang Y/Z), theo phng X (xem hnh 53) cho en khi dung cu ra cham nhe vao be mat cua chi tiet. Khi cham vao chi tiet theo phng X, gia tr ban knh cua dung cu ra phai c chu y khi nhap vao he ieu khien bang phm IST, bi v chng trnh NC luon s dung toa o tam cua dung cu cat. V du nh dung cu ra co ban knh la 15mm, khi o ta phai nhap gia tr X=-15 vao he ieu khien CNC va nhan phm IST.
Hnh 53 Ra theo phng X
C s hnh hoc cho gia cong CNC 3. Ra theo phng Y.

Z Y
ay la bc cuoi cung cua viec cai at iem 0 cho chi tiet, dung cu ra c dch chuyen en v tr ra theo truc Y. Tru c chnh van quay va dch chuyen doc theo mat phang canh cua chi tiet (mat phang X/Z), theo phng Y (xem hnh 54) cho en khi dung cu ra cham nhe vao be mat cua chi tiet.
X
Hnh 54 Ra theo phng Y
Khi cham vao chi tiet gia cong theo phng Y, gia tr ban knh cua dung cu ra phai c chu y khi nhap vao he ieu khien bang phm IST, bi v chng trnh NC luon s dung toa o tam cua dung cu cat. V du nh dung cu ra co ban knh la 15mm, khi o ta phai nhap gia tr Y=-15 vao he ieu khien CNC va nhan phm IST.
Luyen tap
Thiet lap khong gian lam viec cho may tien CNC Mo ta
1. 2. 3. 4. Goi thiet lap cau hnh trong menu chnh. Chon may tien MTS. Goi quan tr thiet lap cau hnh. Thiet lap cau hnh mi.
Thc hien
F5 F1 F5 F1
F8
(Configuration) hoac chon
F2
(Config managm.) (Generate)
5.
Nhap ten mi, v du DS2.
Nhap ten mi DS2 vi ban phm (Generate)
6.
Chon d lieu co san, V du Okuma LB15-IIC
hoac chon
F8
(Default data)
7.
Chon muc cau hnh maschine room.
F1 F4
hoac chon (Edit point)
F2
8.
Thay oi d lieu khong gian may.
C s hnh hoc cho gia cong CNC 9. Nhap d lieu khong gian may.
F1 F8
hoac chon e nhap gia tr rieng cua mnh vi cac phm cua ban phm (Accept & Return)
F2
10.
Thoat khoi menu cau hnh may tien
F8
F8
(Accept & Return)
11.
Thoat khoi menu cau hnh chnh
(Accept & Return)
Luyen tap Thiet lap khong gian lam viec cho may phay CNC Mo ta
1. 2. 3. 4. Goi thiet lap cau hnh trong menu chnh. Chon may tien MTS. Goi quan tr thiet lap cau hnh. Thiet lap cau hnh mi.
Thc hien
F5 F1 F5
(Konfiguration) hoac chon
F2
(Config managm.) (Generate)
F1 F8
5.
Nhap ten mi, v du DS2.
Nhap ten mi DS2 vi ban phm (Generate) hoac chon (Default data)
6.
Chon d lieu co san, V du MAKINO FX 650
F8
7.
Chon muc cau hnh maschine room.
F1
hoac chon (Edit point)
F2
8.
Thay oi d lieu khong gian may.
F4
9.
Nhap d lieu cho khong gian lam viec cua may.
F1
F8
hoac chon e nhap gia tr rieng cua mnh vi cac phm cua ban phm (Accept & Continue)
F2
10.
Nhap d lieu cho iem tham chieu.
F1
hoac chon e nhap gia tr rieng cua mnh vi cac phm cua ban phm (Accept & Continue)
F2
F8
11.
Thoat khoi menu cau hnh may phay
F8
(Accept & Return)
12.
Thoat khoi menu cau hnh chnh
F8
(Accept & Terminate)
Luyen tap CNC

Thiet lap iem 0 cho chi tiet W trong mo phong tien CNC
Moi tng quan gia he toa o lien quan en may va lien quan en chi tiet can c thiet lap thong qua viec at iem 0 cho chi tiet W. iem 0 cua chi tiet tng ng vi iem 0 cua chi tiet tren ban ve. Do vay cac kch thc ban ve co the s dung e lap trnh. ieu kien:
M W
Tat ca cac dung cu cat a c o va hien hu tren au rvolve. Chi tiet a c nh v ung va kep chat tren mam cap. iem 0 cua chi tiet can nam pha mat au ben phai, o can e lai lng d tien mat au la 1mm.
zw
Mo ta
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Goi mo phong tien CNC t menu chnh. Chon thiet lap cong nghe. Cho truc chnh quay trai. oi dung cu cat e xac nh iem 0 cua chi tiet. Chay dao nhanh ti cach mat au khoang 5 mm.
Thc hien
F1 F3
(Turning) (Setup mode) Bam M04 va Enter. Bam T0404 va Enter. Tren cac phm so bam phoi hp phm co mui ten tng ng vi phm SHIFT: + +
+X +Z
+X
Pos 1
4 2
chay nhanh theo hng -Z chay nhanh theo hng -X
Chon cac hng dch chuyen tiep theo:
7 4
8 5 2
-X
6
6 3
B ild
(Hng + Z) (Hng - Z) (Hng + X) (Hng - X)
-Z
+Z
4 8 2
0 Ein fg
E ntf
C s hnh hoc cho gia cong CNC 6. e chay tiep tuc du xch c chuyen t 1mm xuong 0.1mm hoac 0.01mm.
F3
F5 F2
(Technology) (Increment) (Increment 0.1)
7.
Dao tien c chay ve hng Z am, ti khi cham nhe vao mat au cua cua chi tiet.
4
E SC
Tren phm so bam phm mui ten tiep o bam va (Quit). (Tool Datum) (Set datum)
F8
8. Cai at iem 0 cho truc Z.
F4 F4 F1
(Cai at iem 0 cho truc Z) Nhap Z = 1 va chap nhan vi (Lng d mat au 1mm).
F8
Gia tr Z co the c kiem soat vi s ho tr cua cac toa o hien th cho iem 0 tc thi.
9.
Dung cu c di chuyen t do theo hng +X va +Z.
Tren cac phm so bam phm mui ten ket hp vi phm SHIFT: + +Z +
6
8
Chay nhanh theo hng
Chay nhanh theo hng +X
10.
Thoat khoi menu Thiet lap cong nghe
F8 F8
(Quit) (Quit) (Quit)
F8
Thiet lap iem 0 cho chi tiet (W) trong mo phong phay CNC
Giong nh trng hp tien khi phay cung can xac nh iem 0 cho chi tiet W, iem 0 cua chi tiet phai tng ng vi iem 0 trong ban ve. Can c chu y, trong mo phong MTS ch co dung cu cat dch chuyen! Vi s ho tr cua cac bc c mo ta di ay khoang cach gia iem 0 cua may va iem 0 cua chi tiet c xac nh theo cac toa o X, Y va Z.
ieu kien: Tat ca cac dung cu cat a c o va hien hu tren o cha dao. Chi tiet a c nh v ung va kep chat tren mam cap.
V tr iem 0 can nam pha goc tren ben trai cua chi tiet.
Mo ta
1. Goi mo phong phay CNC t menu chnh.
Thc hien
F1
(Milling)
2. 3.
Chon thiet lap cong nghe. Cho truc chnh quay phai.
F3
(Setup mode) Bam M03 va Enter.
4.
oi dung cu cat e xac nh iem 0 cua chi tiet.
Bam T0202 va Enter.
5.
Thc hien cai at iem 0 theo hng Z Dung cu chay nhanh ti cach be mat chi tiet khoang 5 mm.
Tren cac phm so bam phoi hp phm co mui ten tng ng cung vi phm SHIFT: V du: + -Z
Y Z W
chay nhanh theo hng
X
Cac hng dch chuyen tiep theo:
+Z
Pos 1
+Y
Bild
6
4 +X
Bild
(Hng + X) (Hng - X) (Hng + Y) (Hng - Y) (Hng + Z) (Hng - Z)
7 4 1
8 5 2
-Z
9 6 3
-X
1
Ende
-Y
Ende
Bild
8
2
Einfg
Entf
C s hnh hoc cho gia cong CNC 6. e chay tiep tuc du xch c chuyen t 1mm xuong 0.1mm hoac 0.01mm.
F3 F5 F2
(Technology) (Increment) (Increment 0.1) Tren phm so bam phm mui ten
Dung cu dch chuyen theo hng Z am ti khi cham nhe vao be mat chi tiet.
2
E SC
tiep o bam va (Quit).
F8
8. Cai at iem 0 cho chi tiet theo truc Z.
F4 F4
(Tool Datum) (Set datum) (Cai at iem 0 cho truc Z) nhap 0
F3
F8
va chap nhan vi. Gia tr Z co the c kiem soat vi s ho tr cua cac toa o hien th cho iem 0 tc thi.
9.
Thc hien cai at iem 0 theo hng X Dung cu chay t do theo hng +Z.
Tren cac phm so bam phoi hp phm co mui ten tng ng cung vi phm SHIFT: +
chay nhanh theo hng +Z
10.
Dung cu chay nhanh cach khoang 5 mm ti v tr cai at iem 0 theo truc X.
Tren cac phm so bam phoi hp phm co mui ten tng ng cung vi phm SHIFT: 1) Theo hng -X
1 Y Z W 2
chay nhanh theo -X
2) Theo hng -Z +
chay nhanh theo -Z
X
Tren phm so bam phm mui ten
Dung cu chay theo hng X dng ti cham nhe vao be mat chi tiet. Trung tam ao tao Viet-c; Nguyen Anh Tuan. 03.2001 MTS GmbH 1997
11.
C s hnh hoc cho gia cong CNC cham nhe vao be mat chi tiet.
6
E SC
tiep o bam va (Quit). (Tool Datum) (Set datum)
F8
12. Cai at iem 0 theo hng X. Chu y ti ban knh cua dao phay! Nhap gia tr am cua ban knh (v du 5) dung cu ang s dung cho chieu truc X.
F4 F4
(Cai at iem 0 cho truc X) nhap -5 va chap nhan vi.
F1
F8
Gia tr X co the c kiem soat vi s ho tr cua cac toa o hien th cho iem 0 tc thi.
13.
Thc hien cai at iem 0 theo hng Y Dung cu chay t do theo hng X sau o la +Z.
Tren cac phm so bam phoi hp phm co mui ten tng ng cung vi phm SHIFT: + +
4 8
chay nhanh theo -X, tiep o chay nhanh theo +Z
14.
Dung cu chay nhanh cach khoang 5 mm ti v tr cai at iem 0 theo truc Y.
Tren cac phm so bam phoi hp phm co mui ten tng ng cung vi phm SHIFT: 1) Theo hng -X +
Z W
1 2 3
6 1
chay nhanh theo +X
2) Theo hng -Y
+ Ende chay nhanh theo -Y 3) Theo hng -Z +
chay nhanh theo -Z
C s hnh hoc cho gia cong CNC 15. Dung cu chay theo hng Y dng ti cham nhe vao be mat chi tiet. Tren phm so bam phm mui ten
9
Bild E SC
tiep o bam va (Quit). (Tool Datum) (Set datum) (Cai at iem 0 cho truc y) nhap -5
F8
16. Cai at iem 0 theo hng Y. Chu y ti ban knh cua dao phay! Nhap gia tr am cua ban knh (v du 5) dung cu ang s dung cho chieu truc Y.
F4
F4 F2 F8
va chap nhan vi. Gia tr X co the c kiem soat vi s ho tr cua cac toa o hien th cho iem 0 tc thi.
17.
Dung cu chay t do theo hng Y sau o la +Z.
Tren cac phm so bam phoi hp phm co mui ten tng ng cung vi phm SHIFT: + Ende chay nhanh theo -Y, tiep o +
chay nhanh theo +Z
18. 19. Thoat khoi menu thiet lap cong nghe.
F8 F8
(Quit) (Quit)
2.4 ieu khien so tren may cong cu CNC

Mach ieu khien h va mach ieu khien kn
Cac ieu khien hien nay tren may cong cu ieu khien so c thc hien bi ieu khien CNC. ac iem cua he ieu khien nay la mach tac dung h (xem hnh 55), he ieu khien a cac gia tr can vao may cong cu ma khong trc tiep ieu chnh cac gia tr nay.
1 4
Tn hieu vao (Gia tr can) Tn hieu ra (Gia tr thc) Tn hieu nhieu
3
Hnh 55 ieu khien mach h
Qua trnh bien oi
V ieu khien h co the cho cac tn hieu au ra khong chnh xac, do o cac tn hieu ra phai c phan hoi ve he ieu khien, e lien tuc tnh toan va ieu chnh lai cac gia tr thc theo yeu cau. Qua trnh ieu khien kn lien tuc nay c goi la mach ieu khien kn (xem hnh 56). Tnh hieu vao (gia tr can) Tnh hieu ra (gia tr thc) Tnh hieu nhieu
3
1 4
Hanh trnh ieu khien

5
Thiet b o Tnh hieu ra (gia tr thc)
Hnh 56 ieu khien mach kn
Tren may cong cu CNC mach ieu khien kn c ng dung e ieu khien v tr cua cac truc.
ieu khien CNC

Cau truc va chc nang ieu khien CNC co nhiem vu giai ma chng trnh NC va x ly tiep cac thong tin co lien quan ve cong nghe va hnh dang hnh hoc cua chi tiet. Vi s ho tr cua he ieu khien CNC cac bo phan cau thanh may cong cu CNC c ieu khien va ieu chnh sao cho hnh thanh c chi tiet gia cong mong muon. Cac chc nang cua he ieu khien CNC co the c thiet lap nh: nhap d lieu, x ly d lieu va xuat d lieu (xem hnh 57).
Nhap va x ly d lieu
Viec nhap d lieu trong ieu khien CNC ve c ban dien ra tren bang ieu khien bao gom ban phm va man hnh. ay cac chng trnh NC co the c thiet lap va quan ly, d lieu co the c nhap vao Trung tam ao tao Viet-c; Nguyen Anh Tuan. 03.2001 MTS GmbH 1997
C s hnh hoc cho gia cong CNC hoac co the goi mo phong chng trnh. Chng trnh NC c ung co the c ghi nh hoac lu tr d lieu ben ngoai v du tren bang t, hoac trc ay tren bang duc lo. ong thi no cung co kha nang lien ket vi cac d lieu t ben ngoai thong qua cac thiet b giao tiep hay mang en may tnh chu (Van hanh DNC), sau o tao ra va quan ly cac chng trnh NC tren may tnh nay. ieu khien CNC
Y
X ly cong nghe
4 5
X,Y,Z
X ly hnh hoc ieu khien thch nghi
ieu chnh v tr cac truc Gia tr thc cua v tr
Nhap d lieu
X ly d lieu
Xuat d lieu
Hnh 57: Cau truc ieu khien CNC X ly d lieu cua he ieu khien CNC co nhiem vu thiet lap d lieu t chng trnh NC, cac d lieu nay can thiet cho hoat ong cua may cong cu CNC va e gia cong chi tiet. Cac d lieu cong nghe thc hien cac cong viec nh chon dao, chon chieu quay, ieu chnh so vong quay cua truc chnh hoac tat, m nc lam nguoi. Chung c chuyen vao cac bo phan tng ng cua may cong cu CNC thong qua bo ieu khien thch nghi. Cac thong tin hnh dang hnh hoc cua chng trnh NC, c bien dch t he ieu khien CNC di s tnh toan cac bc tien dao cho tng truyen ong cua cac truc. Cac hanh trnh chuyen ong va c tao ra, tiep tuc c ieu chnh bi mach ieu khien kn cho cac v tr cua truc tien dao.
Cac chuyen ong chay noi suy

Bien dang cho trc trong k thuat c hnh thanh t cac phan t ng thang va ng tron. Do vay hau het tat ca cac he ieu khien CNC ngay nay c trang b hoan chnh vi noi suy ng thang va cung tron. Trong cac he ieu khien CNC cua chung ta cung co noi suy parabol bac 2 va bac 3, noi suy ng xoan oc va noi suy ng phi tuyen. Neu mot dung cu chay theo ng thang t mot iem xuat phat ti iem ch khong song song vi truc, th goi la noi suy ng thang. e co the at c quy ao thang cua dung cu th cac chuyen ong dch chuyen cua cac truc thanh phan phai c xac nh tng ng. Do vay moi tng quan bc tien cua tng truc khang nh hng chuyen ong thang (Xem hnh 58 va 59)
Y
1
Y
1
1 2 X
Chuyen ong dch chuyen mong muon Hnh 58 Tng quan bc tien cac truc Trung tam ao tao Viet-c; Nguyen Anh Tuan. 03.2001 MTS GmbH 1997
2 1 X
Chuyen ong dch chuyen mong muon Hnh 59 Tng quan bc tien cac truc
C s hnh hoc cho gia cong CNC Ngi ta co the lam sang to nguyen tac dch chuyen cua mot dung cu theo ng zch zac, thang va cung tron trong mot be mat bi mot may ve vi cac ong c bc. ong c bc c ieu khien bi xung ien. Thong qua cac xung ien am hoac dng ma truc cua ong c bc quay giat cuc quanh mot goc xac nh theo chieu phai hoac trai. ieu nay dan ti, moi truc trong hai truc ch co the at c mot gia tr quay xac nh. Qua o may ve ch co the chay tng iem tren be mat ve. Nh tren man hnh may tnh, mot ng nghieng hnh thanh bi cac chuyen ong cua au ve song song vi truc (Xem hnh 60).
1
Chuyen ong mong muon cua au ve Chuyen ong theo truc X Chuyen ong theo truc Y Hnh 1 ng dch chuyen cua au may ve Noi suy dch chuyen cua he ieu khien CNC co cung mot cach thc tng t. No tnh toan cac gia tr trung gian can thiet cho viec noi suy va chuyen chung nh la nhng gia tr can cho mach ieu khien kn. Trng hp noi suy ng thang, hai hoac ba truc ong thi dch chuyen (Xem hnh 61), ay cac chuyen ong dch chuyen cua chung c xac nh tuan t theo mot tng quan nhat nh. Noi suy cung tron (Xem hnh 62) nh sau: dung cu di chuyen t mot iem xuat phat theo mot quy ao dang cung tron. Chuyen ong cua dung cu co the chay cung hoac ngc chieu kim ong ho. e at c quy ao dung cu la dang cung tron, th cac chuyen ong dch chuyen cac truc cung phai c xac nh lan lt trong moi tng quan cua quang ng a dch chuyen. Moi truc chuyen ong theo dang sin hoac cosin. T s giao ket cua hai truc cho ket qua la cung tron.
Z
Z
X
Chuyen ong dch chuyen cua au mui ve
Chuyen ong dch chuyen cua au mui ve
Hnh 61 Noi suy ng thang
Hnh 62 Noi suy cung tron
Cac dang ieu khien CNC

Tng truc cua may cong cu CNC nhan tn hieu dch chuyen (cac lenh) t he ieu khien CNC. Cac tn hieu nay c ma hoa va da vao chng trnh NC a cho. Chung c x ly bi he ieu khien va chuyen en ong c truyen ong. Hanh trnh dch chuyen cua dung cu cat c thc hien mot cach chnh xac. Tuy theo dang hanh trnh dch chuyen ngi ta phan biet cac dang ieu khien sau: ieu khien iem ieu khien oan ieu khien ng: - ieu khien 2D - ieu khien 2D - ieu khien 3D ieu khien iem ay la dang ieu khien n gian nhat. Trong ieu khien iem, mot iem ch c tiep can vi toc o nhanh, tai ay qua trnh gia cong c thc hien (Xem hnh 63). Vi cach thc nay cac iem ch khac c ieu khien tiep can va gia cong tuan t. ieu khien iem co the c ng dung trong cac qua trnh gia cong nh: khoan, khoet, doa, taro ren, han iem, dap ot.
Hnh 63 ieu khien iem ieu khien oan Vi ieu khien oan, hanh trnh dch chuyen vi lng tien dao a lap trnh cua dung cu cat ch co the c ieu khien song song vi cac truc (Xem hnh 64). Bien dang chi tiet gia cong ch co the la cac ng song song. ieu khien oan co the c ng dung trong nhieu trng hp, ch gia cong nhng be mat song song vi bang may, v du nh tien tru hoac tien mat au, phay cac mat phang song song, phay lo suot. cac trng hp nay viec gia cong ch dien ra theo mot hng.
Hnh 64 ieu khien oan
C s hnh hoc cho gia cong CNC ieu khien ng Vi ieu khien ng, hanh trnh dch chuyen (ng thang, ng nghieng, ng cong, ng phi tuyen) co the c ieu khien trong mat phang hoac trong khong gian. Cac bien dang bat ky co the c gia cong di tac ong ieu khien ong thi cua 2 hoac nhieu ong c bc tien (xem hnh 65). e co the thc hien chuyen ong ong thi cac truc may, trc o cac gia tr trung gian phai c tnh toan bi he ieu khien CNC, cac gia tr nay phai nam tren ng cong t iem xuat phat ti iem ch va c xac nh bi toan hoc. Hnh 65 ieu khien ng Tuy theo so lng cac truc c ieu khien ong thi ma ta chia ra: ieu khien 2D Vi ieu khien 2D hai truc co the ieu khien ong thi. Do vay cac dch chuyen cua dung cu co the thc hien theo ng thang va dang tron tren cung mot mat phang (xem hnh 66). V du mot may phay CNC co 3 truc, ieu khien 2D co ngha la, cac bien dang co the c phay vi hai truc, con truc th ba phai c tien dao ac biet oc lap vi hai truc kia. ieu khien 2D ieu khien 2D tao ra cac chuyen ong cua dung cu cat trong nhieu mat phang, bang cach noi suy chuyen oi gia mot trong ba mat phang chnh. Tat ca 3 truc c ieu khien trong ieu khien 2D, tuy nhien trong moi mat phang luon luon ch co hai truc c ieu khien ong thi. Truc th ba c goi la truc tien dao.
Hnh 66 ieu khien 2D
Hnh 67 ieu khien 2D (mat phang X/Y)
Tuy thuoc vao mat phang gia cong c chon ma cac truc khac nhau c ieu khien ong thi, do vay cac chuyen ong co the cac mat phang sau: - Mat phang X/Y (xem hnh 67), - Mat phang X/Z (xem hnh 68), - Mat phang Y/Z (xem hnh 69).
Hnh 68 ieu khien 2D (mat phang X/Z) Trung tam ao tao Viet-c; Nguyen Anh Tuan. 03.2001 MTS GmbH 1997
Hnh 69 ieu khien 2D (mat phang Y/Z) ieu khien 3D Ba truc c noi suy ong thi trong ieu khien 3D, nh o cac chuyen ong cua dung cu cat c thc hien trong khong gian theo kch thc 3 chieu. Qua o co kha nang gia cong c cac bien dang rat phc tap, v du nh che tao dao cat, che tao khuon mau gia cong trong mot lan kep. Ngay nay hau het cac may cong cu CNC c ieu khien bang 3D.
Hnh 70 ieu khien 3D
Van hanh DNC

ac iem hoat ong DNC
DNC (Direct Numerical Control) c mo ta la mot dang van hanh, trong o co nhieu may NC va CNC cung nh nhieu thiet b khac c noi mang lai vi nhau. Nhng thiet b nay co the la thiet b o hieu chnh chuan b dung cu cat, may o, v tr lap trnh va mot he thong quan l dung cu cat va vat lieu gia cong trung tam (xem hnh 71).
NC -Program ming
CAD
PPS
Mang cuc bo (LAN)
Ma y CNC
S l d lieu cua x nghiep
Ma y tnh chu DNC
Thiet b o hieu chnh dung cu
Bo phan lu tr NC
Hnh 71 Cau truc cua he thong DNC Viec ket noi gia cac thanh phan cua mot he thong DNC c thc hien bi mot ng dan d lieu. Viec truyen d lieu trc tiep nay cho phep bo qua nhng vat cha d lieu thong thng nh bang uc lo, bang t, a mem cung nh cac thiet b dung e ghi va oc oi hoi ac biet cho no. ac iem c ban cua hoat ong DNC la s quan ly va sap xep cac thong tin mot cach chnh xac va ung luc. e co the xac nh va phan phoi cac thong tin nay en v tr chnh xac, can phai s dung cac thiet b giao tiep. Thong qua cac thiet b giao tiep nay tat ca cac bo phan cua he thong DNC c noi vi mot may tnh chu. May tnh chu co the xac nh cac thong so cua may va cac d lieu gia cong, chuyen oi cac dang hoat ong, oc, ghi va theo roi chnh xac v tr cua cac lu tr cung nh ieu khien t ong t xa cac may tnh cua may CNC ang hoat ong.
Nhap va x ly d lieu trong van hanh DNC

Thong qua cau truc cua he thong DNC (xem hnh 71) ta co the nhap d lieu t cac thiet b khac nhau, ma cac thiet b nay co the at cach xa nhau. Nhng chng trnh NC nho, n gian co the c lap trc tiep tren may cong cu CNC. e thiet lap chng trnh NC ln, phc tap ta nen u tien lap trnh t ben ngoai (tai v tr lap trnh). Mot he thong DNC thng bao gom cac chc nang c ban sau: Lu tr va quan ly cac chng trnh NC. Phan phoi chnh xac cac chng trnh NC en cac may gia cong. Nhan lai cac chng trnh NC a c sa cha va toi u hoa t cac may cong cu e lu tr d lieu trung tam.
e at c muc tieu nay phai co mot trung tam quan ly cac chng trnh NC trong he thong DNC. Cac chng trnh NC c tao ra va c toi u hoa c chuyen en cac may tnh tng ng thong qua ng dan d lieu. Trong trng hp may cong cu CNC khong trang b cong giao tiep DNC ac biet, th mot may tnh tram DNC se ieu khien to chc truyen d lieu gia he ieu khien CNC va may tnh chu. Trung tam ao tao Viet-c; Nguyen Anh Tuan. 03.2001 MTS GmbH 1997
C s hnh hoc cho gia cong CNC Tuy thuoc vao tng he thong DNC co the con co them cac chc nang sau: Quan ly trung tam cac dung cu cat va d lieu hieu chnh dung cu cat. Ket noi vi cac thiet b o hieu chnh dung cu cat. ieu hanh cac chi tiet gia cong va cac tam ga. nh va phan chia thi gian cac bc gia cong. ieu khien dong vat lieu. am bao an toan s hnh thanh d lieu hien hu. Kiem tra danh muc d lieu may va d lieu x nghiep (BDE, MDE) vi s anh gia bang bieu o. Lap trnh NC vi trnh bien dch Postprocessor. Mo phong o hoa vi s trnh bay bien dang cua dung cu cat, thiet b kep va chi tiet gia cong.
u iem cua he thong ieu khien DNC

So vi cac may cong cu CNC n le th mot he thong ieu khien DNC co cac u iem sau: Cong tac to chc x nghiep c cai tien tot hn. Kha nang truy cap nhanh cac chng trnh va cac thong tin ho tr. Giam thieu thi gian dng may cua may cong cu CNC bi s san sang lien tuc cua cac chng trnh NC, dung cu cat va vat lieu gia cong. Giam thieu cac loi khi nhap d lieu. Kiem tra danh muc d lieu may va d lieu x nghiep (BDE, MDE) tao ieu kien cho ngi s dung kiem soat thng xuyen va lu tr cac d lieu san xuat (thi gian chnh, thi gian phu, thi gian dng cua may ), cac ch dan bao tr va cac ch dan nguyen nhan loi.
Tham quan xng CNC Dien giai cac dang cua ieu khien CNC khac nhau tren cac may cong cu CNC hien co xng. Neu khong co may cong cu ieu khien iem va oan th co the mo phong cac dang ieu khien CNC vi s ho tr cua cac chi tiet gia cong tng ng. V du: * ieu khien iem May phay: Chay khoan lo * ieu khien oan May phay: Chay song song cac truc May tien: Chay song song cac truc * ieu khien 2D May phay: Chay cac ng thang bang hai truc May phay: Chay cac chuyen ong tron May tien: Tien con hoac tien bo cung * ieu khien 2D May phay: Chay cac ng thang tren cac mat phang gia cong khac nhau May phay: Chay cac chuyen ong tron tren cac mat phang gia cong khac nhau * ieu khien 3D May phay: Chay cac ng thang tren hai truc May phay: Chay cac chuyen ong tron trong khong gian
2.5
Hieu chnh dung cu cat cho gia cong CNC
Y ngha va muc ch cua cac gia tr hieu chnh dung cu cat

Vi s ho tr cua cac gia tr hieu chnh dung cu cat, chi tiet gia cong c lap trnh rat n gian ma khong can quan tam en chieu dai hay ban knh cua dung cu. Co the s dung trc tiep cac thong so cua ban ve chi tiet gia cong e lap trnh. Cac kch thc dung cu nh chieu dai hoac ban knh dao phay, chieu dai can dao hoac ban knh mui dao tien c quan ly bi he ieu khien CNC.
Hieu chnh chieu dai dung cu cat trong tien va phay

Hieu chnh chieu dai dung cu cat co lien quan en iem chuan, no tao ieu kien cho viec can oi gia chieu dai cai at va thc te cua dung cu cat, v du: no c hnh thanh bi mai lai dung cu cat. Chieu dai nay cua dung cu cat phai c nhan biet bi he ieu khien, do vay nhat thiet phai o chieu dai L, co ngha la phai o khoang cach gia iem hieu chnh dung cu cat B va mui cat, sau o nhap d lieu nay vao he ieu khien (Xem oan o dung cu cat trang 68). Trng hp dao phay, chieu dai cua dung cu cat c xac nh theo phng Z (Xem hnh 72). B iem hieu chnh dung cu cat. L Khoang cach t mui dao en iem hieu chnh dung cu cat theo phng Z. R Ban knh dao phay.
R
Hnh 72 Gia tr hieu chnh dung cu dao phay Trong trng hp dao tien chieu dai L c xac nh theo phng Z (xem hnh 73). B iem hieu chnh dung cu cat. L Khoang cach t mui dao en iem hieu chnh dung cu cat theo phng Z. R Ban knh li cat. Q Khoang cach t mui dao en iem hieu chnh dung cu cat theo phng X
R L
Hnh 73 Gia tr hieu chnh dung cu dao tien Trong ieu khien CNC, nhng gia tr hieu chnh dung cu cat nay c lu tr trong bo lu tr hieu chnh, o trong hau het cac he ieu khien CNC co the mo ta en 99 dung cu cat. Nhng gia tr nay phai c kch hoat trong suot qua trnh gia cong. Viec goi dien ra trong chng trnh NC, v du vi a ch H hoac v tr tng ng trong t lenh T. Trung tam ao tao Viet-c; Nguyen Anh Tuan. 03.2001 MTS GmbH 1997
Hieu chnh ban knh dung cu cat

ieu khien CNC lam chu kha nang hieu chnh ban knh dao trong gia cong phay va hieu chnh ban knh mui dao trong gia cong tien. Vi s tr giup nay khi thiet lap chng trnh NC co the lap trnh trc tiep bien dang cua chi tiet gia cong. Hieu chnh ban knh dao (phay) e dung cu cat tao ra bien dang a lap trnh vi o chnh xac cao th tam dao cat phai chuyen ong tren mot quy ao, ma quy ao nay phai chay song song vi ng a lap trnh. Quy ao tam dao nay c mo ta la khoang khong oi (xem hnh 74).
Quy ao tam dao phay Bien dang chi tiet
Hnh 74 Cac quy ao tam dao phay (khoang khong oi) Khoang khong oi la quy ao tam dao, no chay vi khoang cach khong oi ti bien dang a lap trnh cua chi tiet. Tai cac ng chuyen tiep bat thng v du nh cac goc trong va goc ngoai (xem hnh 75 va 76), cac ng chuyen tiep c hnh thanh khoang khong oi theo nguyen tac ieu khien ac biet v du bo xung cac cung tron.
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ng lap trnh
2
ng lap trnh
ng dch chuyen cua dung cu cat Hnh 75: Phay goc trong goc trong hnh thanh cung tron co ban knh tng ng ban knh dao
ng dch chuyen cua dung cu cat Hnh 76: Phay goc ngoai goc ngoai dao phay chay tao ra cung tron can oi.
ieu khien CNC chap nhan viec tnh toan quy ao tam dao phay song song vi bien dang gia cong. Ban knh c ghi nh trong bo nh hieu chnh dung cu cua dao phay tng ng b triet tieu trong s tnh toan nay. Gia tr ban knh khong nhap trong chng trnh NC, ma ch c goi theo gia tr hieu chnh tng ng.
C s hnh hoc cho gia cong CNC V viec gia cong co the c thc hien theo hai chieu nen ieu khien NC phai c thong bao, lieu qua trnh gia cong can dien ra ben phai hay ben trai cua ng bien dang a lap trnh.
2
Ben trai cua bien dang Ben phai cua bien dang
Bien dang c lap trnh
Hnh 77 Cac chieu gia cong trong hieu chnh ban knh dao phay Cac hnh sau ay minh hoa viec la chon hieu chnh ban knh dao phu thuoc vao v tr cua dung cu cat trong moi tng quan vi bien dang gia cong Khi gia cong ngoai (xem hnh 78) va Khi gia cong trong (xem hnh 79).
2 1
1 2
Ben trai cua bien dang Ben phai cua bien dang Bien dang c lap trnh Hnh 78 Hieu chnh ban knh dao khi gia cong ngoai
Ben trai cua bien dang Ben phai cua bien dang Bien dang c lap trnh Hnh 79 Hieu chnh ban knh dao khi gia cong trong
Tuy nhien co nhng chuyen ong khong can phai hieu chnh ban knh dao, v du nh cac lo khoan, ieu nay phai c thong bao cho ieu khien CNC biet vi cac lenh tng ng.
Hieu chnh ban knh mui dao (tien)

Trong gia cong tien ban knh mui dao (thay v ban knh dao phay) c hieu chnh, v he ieu khien tnh toan hanh trnh dch chuyen da tren mui dao ly thuyet. mui dao tien ly thuyet nay chuyen ong doc theo hanh trnh a c lap trnh. Nhng v cac kch thc thc te cua dung cu, dao tien co ban knh mui dao, nen neu khong c chu y se co nhieu loi xuat hien khi tien. Do o thng con e lai nhng cung tron nhng goc ben trong cua bien dang (xem hnh 80). Khi dung cu cat dch chuyen khong song song vi truc X hay truc Z se xuat hien nhieu sai lech kch thc va hnh dang hnh hoc (xem hnh 81). Nhng loi nay co the tranh c bang hieu chnh ban knh li cat bi he ieu khien CNC, hay con c goi la lng bu ban knh li cat.
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4 3 5
4 5 3 2 1
2 1
Hnh 80 Loi khong the tranh khi tien: Ton tai goc pha trong bien dang
Hnh 81 Loi khi tien: Kch thc phan con khong tng ng nh bien dang c lap trnh
Bien dang lap trnh iem cat ly thuyet Li cat ly thuyet cua dung cu Li cat thc cua dung cu Goc bien dang, no khong c gia cong v ban knh li cat
Bien dang lap trnh iem cat ly thuyet Li cat ly thuyet cua dung cu Li cat thc cua dung cu Khoang sai lech so vi bien dang lap trnh
V tr thc cua quy ao dch chuyen dung cu cat (xem hnh 82) c tnh toan t ong trong cac ieu khien CNC hien ai bi s hieu chnh ban knh li cat. Theo o can phai quan tam en 3 van e sau: 1. 2. 3. Ban knh mui dao cat phai lu san trong bo nh lu tr gia tr hieu chnh cua ieu khien CNC. V tr cua mui dao (vect gia tr hieu chnh) phai c nhan biet bi ieu khien CNC. Hng gia cong cua dung cu cat lien quan en bien dang phai c lap trnh tng ng trong lap trnh NC.
ng bien dang c lap trnh Quy ao tam (khoang cach khong oi) c tnh toan bi ieu khien CNC, tren quy ao nay dao se dch chuyen khi gia cong
Hnh 82 Khoang cach khong oi trong tien e he ieu khien tnh toan chnh xac tng iem cat that khi gia cong, goc m ui cat c mo ta cho tng dung cu bi vect gia tr hieu chnh ban knh li cat (vect SRK). o vect SRK ch ra v tr cua goc mui cat theo I va K (phng X va Z) lien quan ti tam iem cua li cat (xem hnh 83). Vect SRK cua moi dung cu cat c xac nh trc trong bo quan tr dung cu cat cua mo phong CNC.
Li cat ly thuyet iem cat ly thuyet
Li cat thc
R
I 2 K
Hnh 83 Vec t gia tr hieu chnh ban knh li cat
Vect gia tr hieu chnh ban knh li cat
3 1
R Ban knh li cat
C s hnh hoc cho gia cong CNC Tuy theo li cat dao tien c s dung nam goc p han t nao, ma vect gia tr hieu chnh ban knh li cat khac nhau phai c nhap vao he ieu khien (xem hnh 84). Khi nhap gia tr hieu chnh I va K phai chu y en cac dau hnh thanh trc no.
8 4 3
Moi gia tr cua dung cu tc thi phai c at cho ban knh li cat R. Goc phan t 1: K = R I = R Goc phan t 2: K =-R I = R Goc phan t 3: K =-R I = -R
Goc phan t 4: K = R I = -R Goc phan t 5: K = R I = 0 Goc phan t 6: K = 0 I = R Goc phan t 7: K = -R I = 0 Goc phan t 8:K = 0 I = -R
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Hnh 84 Cac gia tr cho vect gia tr hieu chnh ban knh li cat tuy thuoc vao goc phan t lam viec cua dung cu cat. V du sau minh hoa cach xac nh cac gia tr hieu chnh I va K (xem hnh 85). Li cat ang lam viec goc phan t th 3 Ban knh li cat R = 0,8 mm
R I K
Hnh 85 V du: Gia tr hieu chnh ban knh li cat.
Gia tr cua I va K nh sau: K = -0,8 I = -0,8
Khi goi hieu chnh ban knh li dao trong chng trnh, th v tr cua dao tien theo hng chuyen ong phai c thong bao cho he ieu khien CNC bang cach s dung cac lenh tng ng: - Dao tien at ben trai cua ng bien dang khi nhn theo hng chuyen ong, hay - Dao tien at ben phai cua ng bien dang khi nhn theo hng chuyen ong. Cac hnh sau minh hoa viec lap trnh hieu chnh ban knh li cat tuy thuoc vao v tr cua dung cu cat lien quan en bien dang gia cong trong trng hp - Gia cong ngoai (xem hnh 86, 87) va - Gia cong trong (xem hnh 88 va 89).
Hnh 86 Hieu chnh ban knh li cat khi tien ngoai, ben trai cua bien dang
Hnh 87 Hieu chnh ban knh li cat khi tien ngoai, ben phai cua bien dang Hng gia cong cua dung cu ben phai bien dang Bien dang lap trnh
Hng gia cong cua dung cu ben trai bien dang Bien dang lap trnh
Hnh 83 Hnh 84 Hieu chnh ban knh li cat khi tien trong, ben trai Hieu chnh ban knh li cat khi tien trong, ben cua bien dang phai cua bien dang Hng gia cong cua dung cu ben phai bien dang Bien dang lap trnh
Hng gia cong cua dung cu ben trai bien dang Bien dang lap trnh
Tng t nh lap trnh chi tiet phay, co the lap trnh trc tiep bien dang chi tiet gia cong t ban ve ma khong can tnh toan chuyen oi. Trong trng hp tien cung phai la chon hieu chnh ban knh li cat vi cac lenh tng ng. Trung tam ao tao Viet-c; Nguyen Anh Tuan. 03.2001 MTS GmbH 1997
o va hieu chnh dung cu vi dung cu hieu chnh

e tranh qua tai cho may CNC viec o d ung cu (o hieu chnh chuan b dung cu) c thc hien theo nguyen tac ben ngoai may CNC. o ngi ta s dung thiet b o va hieu chnh van nang. Dao tien va dao phay vi cac can ga khac nhau c o va xac nh cac gia tr hieu chnh tng ng. Trng hp khac oi vi thiet b o va hieu chnh hien ai, cac d lieu a xac nh co the c chuyen trc tiep ti he ieu khien CNC cua may cong cubi DNC hoac thong qua cac vat tr tin hoac may in. Cau truc va chc nang cua thiet b o hieu chnh dung cu Thiet b o hieu chnh dung cu thc hien nhiem vu xac nh cac gia tr hieu chnh dung cu cua cac dao phay va tien, neu khong viec lap trnh bien dang chi tiet se khong con y ngha (Xem lai phan hieu chnh ban knh dao phay trang 62 hoac hieu chnh ban knh li cat dao tien trang 64)
Hnh 90 Thiet b o hieu chnh dung cu ZOLLER H 420 Thiet b o hieu chnh dung cu hnh thanh c ban t cac bo phan chnh sau: e may bang may Knh quang hoc va Bo kep can ga
Tiep theo e o cac gia tr hieu chnh dung cu phai co thiet b o ien t va thiet b lu tr e lu tr d lieu, v du ban knh dao phay R va va chieu dai L
Cac bc o hieu chnh dung cu

Cac bc sau ay mo ta viec o dao tien vi dung cu o hieu chnh dung cu
C s hnh hoc cho gia cong CNC Muc ch cua cong viec la o va xac nh chnh xac chieu dai L va chieu ngang Q cua dao tien (Xem hnh 91), e co the thong bao gia tr hieu chnh theo X va Z cho he ieu khien CNC.
B Q R L
Hnh 91 o dao tien
B L Q
iem hieu chnh dung cu Chieu dai L = khoang cach t mui cat ti iem hieu chnh dung cu theo phng Z Chieu ngang Q = khoang cach t mui cat ti iem hieu chnh dung cu theo phng X
Kep dao tien can o vao au rvolve tng ng vi o dao M va tao chuan cho thiet b o hieu chnh dung cu o dao tien Vi tai lieu ch dan s dung thiet b o hieu chnh dung cu bang may c di chuyen vi dao can o theo phng X va Z (Xem hnh 92).
Hnh 92 ng giao ch thap cua mot ong knh quang hoc may o hieu chnh dung cu khi nh v chnh xac mui dao tien Muc ch cua viec dch chuyen nay la ieu chnh chnh xac l i cat dao tien sao cho no nam ung vao ng giao ch thap cua mot ong knh thiet b o. Luc nay chieu dai L va chieu ngang Q cua dao tien co the oc c tren man hnh hien th cua thiet b o. Cac gia tr nay tng ng cac gia tr hieu chnh cua dao tien theo phng X va Z. Lu gi cac gia tr hieu chnh a o c Gia tr hieu chnh luc nay hoac c ghi thanh danh muc bang tay, e sau nay nhap vao may CNC. Hoac cac gia tr c chap nhan trc tiep chuyen ti he ieu khien CNC qua ng truyen trong van hanh DNC. Dao tien c ri khoi v tr o Dao tien luc nay c lay i va tiep tuc o cho dao khac.
o va hieu chnh dung cu vi s ho tr cua may CNC

o dung cu trc tiep tren may CNC
C s hnh hoc cho gia cong CNC o trc tiep dung cu tren may cong cu CNC ti nay ch thong dung co may tien-CNC. Khi o dung cu trc tiep, chi tiet c gia cong vi dao ga v tr bat k (V du: Tien tru). Sau o chi t iet c o trong moi tng quan vi iem 0 cua may (M). Gia tr a o c nhap vao bo nh hieu chnh dung cu cua ieu khien CNC. Tiep o dao th hai c ga, xa dao i ti cung v tr cua dao tien th nhat va bien dang chi tiet a tien c chay lai. T v tr thc mi (Ist) cua xa dao he ieu khien tnh toan gia tr hieu chnh cho dao th hai. o dao trc tiep tiet kiem thi gian, nhng oi hoi khong tieu hao vat lieu tiep theo.
Xac nh sai lech can-thc vi cac phng tien tr giup k thuat khac nhau o so sanh vi mot dung cu chuan tren may phay CNC
Mot phng phap o dung cu tren may phay CNC la xac nh chieu dai khac nhau cua cac dao phay so vi mot dao chuan. Cac ban knh hieu chnh cua tat ca cac dao a xac nh trc va nhap vao he ieu khien CNC. Trnh t cac bc: Vi dung cu th nhat (con goi la dung cu 0), be mat cua chi tiet a kep c ra. Gia tr Z a o c cai at bang 0 cho dung cu nay. Dao tiep theo c kep va tiep o vao ra be mat chi tiet. V tr Z tc thi co the c nhap vao bo nh hieu chnh vi dau pha trc (dau dng hoac am). Do vay cac gia tr hieu chnh chieu dai dung cu tr thanh cac gia tr sai lech so vi chieu dai cua dung cu chuan. Qua trnh nay c thc hien tiep cho cac dung cu khac.
o dung cu vi ong knh quang hoc cua may tien CNC

Trong khong gian lam viec cua mot vai may tien CNC c trang b he thong ong knh quang hoc tai mot iem co nh, v tr nay c nhan biet bi may CNC. Cac toa o nay c lu tr trong he ieu khien CNC nh la nhng tham so. Dung cu can o c kep bat k tren au rvolve va c dch chuyen tuan t bi tay quay bang ien t ti tam giao ch thap cua ong knh quang hoc. He ieu khien tnh toan chieu dai L va chieu ngang Q (ma khong can nhap them d lieu nao na), cac d lieu nay c lu trong bo nh hieu chnh dung cu. u va nhc iem cua o dung cu trc tiep tren may CNC u iem o linh hoat cao To chc linh hoat cho lam viec ben may Tiet kiem chi ph bi bo qua - Thiet b o hieu chnh dao - He thong ga dung cu rat ton kem Nhc iem Phai dng may CNC trong luc o Khong at c o chnh xa cao
Luyen tap CNC
Lam viec vi cac gia tr hieu chnh dung cu trong phan mem CNC
Trong phan mem MTS ngi ta co the thiet lap mot hoac nhieu cac gia tr hieu chnh cho tng dung cu nh tren may cong cu CNC thc. Bai tap: Chi tiet tien sau ay can c tien tho va tien tinh bang mot dao tien ngoai li cat trai (Left corner tool) vi viec cai at cac gia tr hieu chnh dung cu khac nhau. T05 Left corner tool CL-SDJCL-2020/L/1204 ISO30 Gia tr hieu chnh cua dao cho cac kch thc hieu chnh Q(X) va L(Z) phai c nhap vao a ch bo nh hieu chnh D25.
ieu kien: Thiet lap mo phong MTS theo cac d lieu thiet lap sau: CONFIGURATION MASCHINE MTS 6 TURN: Maschine CONTROL MTS 6 TURN: Control WORKPART CYLINDER D060.000 L082.000 MATERIAL C 45 W-Nr: 1.0503 DENSITY 007.90 MAIN SPINDEL WITH WORKPART CHUCK SP 200-52 3 STEP JAW SP-GSBS 200 CHUCKING DEPTH E32.000 RI GHT SIDE OF THE PART: Z+209.500 TOOLS T05 LEFT CORNER TOOL CL-SDJCL-2020/L/1204 ISO30 Trung tam ao tao Viet-c; Nguyen Anh Tuan. 03.2001 MTS GmbH 1997
Trnh t thc hien: Noi dung 1. Goi mo phong CNC Tien. Nhap d lieu
F1 F3 F4
(TOPTURN)
2. Chon thiet lap cong nghe.
(Setup Mode)
3. Chon menu bo nh hieu chnh.
(Tool Data) (Comp Storage)
F3
4. Goi a ch bo nh hieu chnh so D25. Nhap 25 va
F1
Chap nhan vi (change values).
Mui cat: Ban knh mui cat: Kch thc: Goc nghieng: Tr so hieu chnh:
Z: X: R: G: E: K: I:
+43.0 +60.5 0.4 0.0 32.0 -0.4 -0.4
Goc phan t Q3 c at t ong bi MTS ngay sau khi bam tiep phm hoac phm ! Ch c chap nhan sau khi bam tiep
F8 !
5. Nhap d lieu cho a ch bo nh hieu chnh so 25. Ghi d lieu vi cac phm, vi hoac chon tng vung nhap.
C s hnh hoc cho gia cong CNC 6. Thoat khoi menu bo nh hieu chnh.
F8
F8 F8
(Quit) (Quit) (Quit) (Quit)
F8
Chng trnh NC Truc bac co the c mo phong bang che o t ong hoac t ong tng cau lenh. Ban ve Chng trnh NC: Truc bac N010 G90 N015 G54 X+000.000 Z+207.500 N020 F000.300 T0101 M04 N025 G96 S0180 N030 G92 S3000 N035 G00 X+062.000 Z+000.000 N040 G01 X-001.000 M08 N045 Z+002.000 N050 G00 X+120.000 Z+040.000 M09 N055 F000.300 T0525 M04 N060 G00 X+050.000 Z+002.000 N065 G01 Z-044.800 M08 N070 X+061.000 N075 G00 Z+002.000 N080 X+040.000 N085 G01 Z-044.800 N090 X+051.000 N095 G00 Z+002.000 N100 X+030.000 N105 G01 Z-014.800 N110 X+042.000 N115 G00 Z+002.000 N120 T0505 M04 F000.160 N125 G00 X+030.000 N130 G01 Z-015.000 N135 X+040.000 N140 Z-045.000 N145 X+062.000 N150 G00 X+120.000 Z+040.000 M05 M09 N155 M30
Xng
Lam viec vi thiet b o hieu chnh dung cu Hoc vien t xac nh cac gia tr hieu chnh cua cac dung cu tren thiet b o hieu chnh dung cu thc te.
C s hnh hoc cho gia cong CNC Can oc trc hng dan s dung thiet b o hieu chnh dung cu co trong xng. o bang ong knh quang hoc cac dung cu tren may CNC Xac nh kch thc trc tiep vi ho tr cua may CNC Hoc vien can t thc hien o dao tien va dao phay tren may cong cu CNC co trong xng. Cac bc thc hien c ban co the tham khao trong phan o va hieu chnh dung cu cat vi s ho tr cua may CNC). Cac bc e thc hien tren may cong cu CNC c rut ra t ban hng dan s dung tng ng.
2.6 He thong o hanh trnh

Lng tien dao, ieu khien va ieu chnh v tr cua cac truc NC
ieu khien CNC co nhiem vu tao ra cac dch chuyen cua dung cu cat hay ban may khi s dung cac lenh cua chng trnh NC. Nh o cac truc phai chay en cac toa o a c lap trnh, vi toc o (lng tien dao) a c cai at trc, at o chnh xac cao. V tr chnh xac trong khong gian cua cac bo phan may dch chuyen c ieu khien phai c phan hoi lai cho he ieu khien CNC tng thi iem. Nhiem vu nay do cam bien v tr thc hien, cac d lieu se c phan hoi theo nh mach ieu khien kn (xem hnh 93). Tren may cong cu CNC v tr cua ban xa dao c o lien tuc, t s thay oi theo thi gian cua hanh trnh, v tr quy ao tc thi (gia tr thc) cung nh toc o cua hanh trnh c tnh toan bi he ieu khien CNC va c so sanh vi hanh trnh a lap trnh (gia tr can). Cac yeu to anh hng en mach ieu khien nh lc cat khi gia cong cung nh ma sat va o h cua bang may. Chung c goi la cac ai lng nhieu va c bu bi s ieu chnh (he ieu khien CNC). C khoang 1/1000 giay he ieu khien a mot gia tr can v e v tr mi cho mach ieu khien v tr, mach nay ieu khien cac gia tr can ve v tr nay. tan so chu k cao thong thng no a nhan c gia tr can mi trc khi gia tr can trc o at c. Hien tng c tao a r bi cac ieu kien vat l (V du : Lng chay dao qua nhanh) nay cua mach ieu khien tao ra cai goi la loi cham tre. ai lng au vao (gia tr can ve v tr) ai lng au ra (gia tr thc ve v tr)
1 4 7 3 3 5
ai lng nhieu ong c Vt me bi Thiet b o
6
Hnh 93 Mach ieu khien kn Phng phap o hanh trnh
ai lng au ra (gia tr thc ve v tr)
e xac nh v tr tc thi cua ban xa dao (gia tr thc cua mach ieu khien v tr) a co san he thong o hanh trnh cho moi truc tren may cong cu CNC. Tuy thuoc tng oi hoi tren moi truc bc tien ma ng dung cac phng phap o hanh trnh khac nhau.
C s hnh hoc cho gia cong CNC o hanh trnh tng oi va tuyet oi Khi o hanh trnh tuyet oi (xem hnh 94) th moi bc chia cua thang o ma hoa nh phan bieu th mot gia tr so chnh xac. Ga tr nay tng ng vi mot v tr chnh xac cua ban may oi vi iem 0 cua may M. ieu nay co ngha la moi thi iem, v tr tc thi cua ban may c chuyen trc tiep en he ieu khien CNC. Khi s dung he thong o hanh trnh tuyet oi co mot nhc iem la pham vi e oc tren thc o phai rong nh pham v lam viec, dan en thc o ma nh phan se qua ln va phc tap ve mat ky thuat. Khi o hanh trnh tng oi (xem hnh 95), trong khi chuyen ong dch chuyen t s thay oi vung sang va toi cua li vach cho ra ket qua cac xung so, cac xung nay c cong vao hay tr i bi he he ieu khien CNC. V tr tc thi cua ban may la hieu so cua v tr mi va v tr ke trc. Bi vay, ngay sau khi khi ong may th ban may phai c di chuyen mot lan en iem tuyet oi, hay con goi la iem tham chieu e he ieu khien CNC co the tnh toan cac toa o tng oi.
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Thang o ma nh phan V tr tc thi cua ban may
Thc chia V tr ke trc cua ban may V tr tc thi cua ban may Ban may iem tham chieu R Hnh 95 o hanh trnh tng oi
Hnh 94 o hanh trnh tuyet oi
Thong thng, trong may cong cu CNC ng dung o hanh trnh tng oi, v iem chuan co the c thay the bat c luc nao. Tuy nhien trong trng hp han thng dung tay may robot, s va cham co the xay ra vi chi tiet gia cong khi di chuyen en iem chuan, v vay trong trng hp nay oi hoi phai ng dung o hanh trnh tuyet oi.
Luyen tap CNC

Chay ve iem tham chieu
Tien CNC Trnh t thc hien Noi dung 1. Goi mo phong CNC Tien. Nhap d lieu
F1 F3
(TOPTURN)
(Setup Mode)
3. Chon che o: Chay ve iem tham chieu. Thong bao: Hay chon truc 4. Chon trnh t chay cac truc.
F2
X
(Referenzpoint)
(Trc tien la X sau o Z) hoac (Trc tien la Z sau o X).
Hai truc se lan lt chay t ong ve iem tham chieu. V tr co the oc c bang hien th toa o cua cac truc goc tren ben phai.
5. Thoat khoi menu Setup mode.
F8
(Quit)
Chay ve iem tham chieu

Phay CNC Trnh t thc hien Noi dung 1. Goi mo phong CNC phay. Nhap d lieu
F1 F3 F2
X Y
(TOPMILL)
(Setup Mode)
3. Chon che o: Chay ve iem tham chieu. Thong bao: Hay chon truc 4. Chon trnh t chay cac truc.
(Referenzpoint)
(Trc tien la X sau o Y, Z) hoac (Trc tien la Y sau o X, Z) hoac (Trc tien la Z sau o X, Y).
Cac truc se lan lt chay t ong ve iem tham chieu. V tr co the oc c bang hien th toa o cua cac truc goc tren ben phai.
5. Thoat khoi menu Setup mode.
F8
(Quit)
K thuat ra dao tien mat au

Trnh t thc hien Noi dung 1. Goi mo phong CNC Tien. 2. Chon thiet lap cong nghe. 3. M truc chnh quay trai. 4. Thay dung cu cho viec xac nh ien 0. 5. Dao tien c chay nhanh ti cach mat au chi tiet khoang 5mm. Nhap d lieu
F1
(TOPTURN) (Setup Mode) Bam phm M04 va chap nhan vi Enter. Nhap T0404 vi ban phm Bam cac phm sau e dch chuyen : + +
F3
4 2
+X +Z
+X
Po s 1
Chay nhanh theo hng -Z Chay nhanh theo hng -X
Cac phm dch chuyen tiep theo:
7 4
8 5 2
-X
6
6 3
B ild
-Z
+Z
(Hng + Z) (Hng - Z) (Hng + X) (Hng - X) (Technology) (Increment) (Increment 0.1) (Increment 0.01) Bam Bam ESC va
4 8
E inf g
,
E ntf
2
F3 F5 F2
6. e chuyen oi lng dch chuyen vi cac khoang du xch tng oi 1mm; 0,1mm hoac 0,01 mm.
F3
7. Tien dao theo hng Z am e ra mat chi tiet.
4
E SC
F8
8. Thoat khoi menu thiet lap cong nghe
(Quit). (Quit).
F8
K thuat ra dao phay mat tren

Trnh t thc hien
Mo ta
1. 2. 3. Goi mo phong phay CNC t menu chnh. Chon thiet lap cong nghe. Cho truc chnh quay phai.
Thc hien
F1
(Milling) (Setup mode) Bam M03 va Enter.
F3
4.
oi dung cu cat e xac nh iem 0 cua chi tiet. Dung cu chay nhanh ti cach be mat chi tiet khoang 5 mm.
Bam T0202 va Enter. Tren cac phm so bam phoi hp phm co mui ten tng ng cung vi phm SHIFT: V du: +
5.
Y Z W
chay nhanh theo hng -Z

+Z +Y
6
4
(Hng + X) (Hng - X) (Hng + Y) (Hng - Y) (Hng + Z) (Hng - Z) (Technology) (Increment) (Increment 0.1) (Increment 0.01) Tren phm so bam phm mui ten
7
Pos 1
8 5 2
-Z
9
Bild
-X
4 1
Ende
6 3
Bild
+X
Bild
1
Ende
-Y
0 Einfg
6.
, Entf
8
2 F3
e chay tiep tuc du xch c chuyen t 1mm xuong 0.1mm hoac 0.01mm.
F5 F2 F3
7 Dung cu dch chuyen theo hng Z am ti khi cham nhe vao be mat chi tiet.
2
E SC
tiep o bam va (Quit). (Quit).
F8
8 Thoat khoi menu thiet lap cong nghe
F8
K thuat ra dao phay mat canh ben trai

Trnh t thc hien
Mo ta
Thc hien
F1 F3
4.
oi dung cu cat e xac nh iem 0 cua chi tiet. Dung cu chay nhanh cach khoang 5 mm ti mat canh theo truc X.
Bam T0202 va Enter. Tren cac phm so bam phoi hp phm co mui ten tng ng cung vi phm SHIFT: 1) Theo hng -X
5.
1 Y Z W 2
chay nhanh theo -X
2) Theo hng -Z
chay nhanh theo -Z

+Z
Pos 1
+Y
7 4 1
8 5 2
-Z
9 6 3
Bild
6 4
Bild
-X
+X
1
Ende
-Y
Ende
Bild
Einfg
,
Entf
8
2
6.
F3
F5 F2
F3
7 Dung cu dch chuyen theo hng X dng ti khi cham nhe vao be mat chi tiet.
2
E SC
F8
F8
K thuat ra dao phay mat canh pha trc

Trnh t thc hien
Mo ta
Thc hien
F1 F3
4.
oi dung cu cat e xac nh iem 0 cua chi tiet. Dung cu chay nhanh cach khoang 5 mm ti mat canh trc theo truc Y.
Bam T0202 va Enter. Tren cac phm so bam phoi hp phm co mui ten tng ng cung vi phm SHIFT: 1) Theo hng -Y +
5.
Z W
1 2 3
1
Ende
chay nhanh theo -Y
2) Theo hng -Z
X
+
chay nhanh theo -Z

+Z
Pos 1
+Y
6 4
7 4 1
8 5 2
-Z
9 6 3
Bild
-X
+X
Bild
1
Ende
-Y
Ende
Bild
Einfg
,
Entf
8
2
6.
F3
F5 F2
F3
7 Dung cu dch chuyen theo hng X dng ti khi cham nhe vao be mat chi tiet.
2
E SC
F8
F8
C s hnh hoc cho gia cong CNC o chi tiet Chi tiet co the o sau khi gia cong xong (Chay t ong) hoac trong khi gia cong ngay sau tng bc cong viec. Trnh t cong viec Beschreibung 1. Goi mo phong tien-CNC t menu chnh. Eingaben
F1
(TOPMILL)
2. Chon che o t ong.
F2
(Automatic Mode)
3. Goi mot chng trnh co san, zV du: GEWBU2. 4. Chon che o mo phong t ong.
Nhap ten chi tiet GEWBU2 va Enter.
F1
(Automatic mode)
Qua trnh gia cong c mo ta tren man hnh.
5. Chon menu o 3D.
F6
(Dimensien 3D)
6. Chon che o o phan t.
F6
F1 F2
(Entity dimensien)
7. Chon phan t e o.
(Next entity) hoac (previous entity)
Cac d lieu a chon c hien th pha cot ben phai.
8. Thoat khoi menu o phan t.
F8
(Abort)
C s hnh hoc cho gia cong CNC 9. Chon menu o theo iem.
F7
F1 F2
(Point dimension)
10. Chon iem e o.
(next point) hoac (Previous point)
Cac d lieu a chon cho cac iem c hien th pha cot ben phai.
11. Thoat khoi menu o theo iem. 12. Chon menu bieu dien 3D.
F8 F1 F8
(Abort) (3D Display)
13. Tao anh 3D
(3D view)
14. Thoat khoi menu bieu dien 3D.
E SC
E SC
15. Thoat khoi menu o.
F8
(Quit)
16. Thoat khoi dang mo phong t ong.
F8
(Quit)
Cau hoi kiem tra C s hnh hoc

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. K hieu cac chuyen ong dch chuyen trong he toa o cua tien CNC? K hieu cac chuyen ong dch chuyen trong he toa o cua phay CNC? He toa o cc c ng dung co li trong nhng trng hp nao cua phay? Neu hai v du ve cac dang ieu khien tren may phay CNC? Trong may phay CNC co cac dang ieu khien ng 2 D nao? Can c vao au e giai thch cac ieu khien ng 2 D? C s cua cac iem chuan va iem 0 tren may cong cu ieu khien so? iem 0 cua chi tiet c xac nh bi ngi s dung can at au? Hay neu cac u iem cua lap trnh theo kch thc tuyet oi? Tai sao lap trnh theo kch thc tng oi oi khi rat can thiet? Hay chuyen cac kch thc tuyet oi sang kch thc tng oi?
12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19.
Hay neu s khac nhau can ban gia ieu khien kn va ieu khien h? Hay giai thch nguyen l ieu khien mach kn?. Tai sao khi phay lai oi hoi hieu chnh ban knh dao? Cac gia tr nao can c chu y khi hieu chnh dao phay? Tai sao khi tien lai oi hoi hieu chnh ban knh mui cat? Cac gia tr nao can c chu y khi hieu chnh dao tien? Hay neu y ngha cua goc phan t lam viec cua li cat dao tien? Hay neu cac dang khac nhau cua viec o dung cu cat?
C s cong nghe gia cong CNC
3 C s cong nghe gia cong tren may CNC 3.1 He thong dung cu cat cho tien va phay CNC
Ngc lai vi may cong cu van nang, may cong cu CNC s dung nhng dung cu cat NC chuyen biet. Nhng dung cu cat nay phai at c nhng tieu chuan sau: Cong suat cat cao cung tuoi ben cao. Thi gian chnh at va thay oi ngan e luon phu hp gia cong kinh te cac loat nho. Dung cu cat c tieu chuan hoa vi tnh linh hoat cao. Cai thien kha nang quan tr dung cu va gia cong linh hoat.
Dung cu cat NC c lap lai vi nhau bi hoac n hoac a bo phan va can dao. e thc hien viec thay oi dung cu mot cach nhanh chong va tnh lap lan tot th can ga dung cu cat NC phai c tieu chuan hoa. Can ga Can ga c che tao vi cac dang ac biet, tuy vao phng phap gia cong ma chung co cac dang khac nhau. oi vi dung cu tien thng dung loai can ga uoi tru co rang (xem hnh 96) va trong phay thng dung loai can ga uoi con (xem hnh 97). Hai loai can ga nay ap ng kha nang thay dao ca t ong ca thu cong nhanh.
Hnh 96 Can ga uoi tru co rang Can dao
Hnh 97 Can ga uoi con
a so dung cu cat trong tien va phay c ket hp t nhieu bo phan lai vi nhau va thng gan cac manh li cat (xem hnh 98).
Vau kep Manh li cat Chot Manh em Can dao
Hnh 98 Cac c cau kep cua can dao gan manh li cat
85
C s cong nghe gia cong CNC Nhng bo phan chnh cua mot dao tien hien ai la can dao hay can dao gan manh li cat, manh li cat va he thong kep cua no. Manh li cat va mot manh em c at tren can dao vi ho lom hai g . Manh em lam nhiem vu lc cat ln va bao ve can dao trong trng hp manh hp kim b v. Khi gia cong hnh thanh s nguy hiem bi lc c at va lc ly tam khi phay, do manh li cat b ni long trong dung cu hay b trt tren bo ga. Do vay phai s dung c cau kep va vt kep e nh v chnh xac va kep manh li cat mot cach chac chan. Manh li cat va c cau kep phai c tieu chuan hoa tren mot pham vi rong (Xem hnh 101 trang 87). Manh li cat hp kim cng Trong ky thuat CNC manh li cat ngay cang c s dung rong rai bi chung co tuoi ben cao va thay the de dang. Manh li cat co nhieu canh li cat do vay khi mot li cat b cun ta co the xoay hay chuyen sang li cat khac. Manh li cat c lam t hp kim cng hay vat lieu gom (Xem muc vat lieu li cat trang 91). Chung c che tao bang phng phap thieu ket. Theo phng phap nay th bot kim loai c ep nh hnh vi ap suat cao va sau o em x ly nhiet, manh li cat c che tao hp l vi nhieu dang khac nhau (xem hnh 99).
Hnh 93 Cac dang manh li cat Manh li cat c phan loai theo hnh dang c ban, cac goc, mui cat, cap chnh xac cung nh thiet b dung e kep va cac kch thc chnh cua chung. Da theo tieu chuan ISO 1832/ DIN- 4987 ma k hieu tieu chuan cua manh li cat c mo ta bi v du sau (Xem hnh 100).
Manh li cat ISO 1832 - ECMT 09 T3 08 FR - P10

Ky hieu So tieu chuan 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) Hnh dang c ban Goc sau Cap chnh xac V du DIN 4987 E = hnh thoi 75o C = 7o M
Be mat kep va ac iem kep T goc vat cua be mat lo kep = chat 60o Kch thc manh li cat Chieu day manh li cat Ban knh li cat ac iem li cat Hng cat Chieu dai canh = 9,52 mm s = 3,97mm r = 0,8mm F = canh sac R = ben phai Hp kim cng P10
10) Vat lieu li cat Hnh 100: K hieu manh li cat
86
C s cong nghe gia cong CNC Tieu chuan ISO 883 1832 3364 5608 5609 5610 5611 5611/AAD1 6281 6287/1 DIS 6987/2 Tng ng DIN 4968 4987 T1/T2 4988 4983 8025 T1/5 4984 T1/13 4985 T1/12 E 4985 T1A1 8024 4967 T1 E 4967 T2 TEN Manh li cat hp kim vi ban knh mui dao, khong lo ga, cac kch thc Manh li cat cho dung cu cat got, k hieu Manh li cat hp kim vi ban knh mui dao, co lo ga hnh tru, cac kch thc Can dao va can dao ngan cho cac manh li cat; Can dao tien trong, vi can tru, cho cac manh li cat, cac kch thc Can dao cho cac manh li cat, cac kch thc Can dao ngan cho cac manh li cat, cac kch thc Can dao ngan dang A cho cac manh li cat, cac kch thc, bo xung 1, m rong cho can dao ngan vi kch thc h = 8 Can dao tien trong hnh tru, e tien trong, cho cac manh li cat, k hieu Manh li cat hp kim vi ban knh mui dao va lo ga la mieng; phan 1; cac kch thc manh li cat vi goc sau 70 Manh li cat hp kim vi ban knh mui dao va lo ga la mieng; phan 2; cac kch thc manh li cat vi goc sau 110 Nam ng dung 1985 1985 1985 1980 1985 1985 1981 1986 1984 1983 1986
Hnh 101 Bang tieu chuan dao tien vi manh li cat
87
C s cong nghe gia cong CNC Luyen tap CNC Thiet lap can dao phay
Mo ta
1. M menu chnh phay-CNC. 2. Chon thiet lap cong nghe. 3. Chon menu dung cu. 4. Chon menu Magazine. 5. Chon menu thiet lap dung cu. 6. Chon menu thiet lap can ga.
Nhap
F2 F3 F4 F2 F2
(TOPMILL) (Setup mode) (Tool, Datum) (Magazine equipm.) (Management) (Generate mounting)
F1
7. Chon menu d lieu co san.
F7
(Default data)
8. Chon d lieu co san a hien hu, v du: SK40-MK2.
hoac
, va bam
F1 F1
F8
(Display mounting), chon tiep vi (List mounting), bam (Create default) e chon
88
9. Goi o hoa ho tr
F2
(Help graphic)
Nhap d lieu cho can ga.
Ghi ten va cac d lieu can ga vi cac phm cua ban phm Chon la cac vung nhap bang phm TAB
10. Tao can ga 11. Thoat khoi menu tao lap can ga.
F8 F8 F8 F8 F8
(Generate mounting) (Return) (Quit) (Quit) (Quit)
89
3.2 Cau truc va cac bo phan dao tien cho gia cong CNC
Cac dang dao tien va ky hieu ISO
Dao tien c phan loai theo cac tieu chuan sau: Theo vat lieu li cat: Li cat thep gio Li cat hp kim cng Li cat vat lieu gom Li cat kim cng Theo v tr gia cong: Dao tien gia cong ngoai Dao tien gia cong trong Theo hnh dang dao: Dao tien thang Dao tien au nghieng Dao tien au cong Dao tien li rong ban Dao tien mui nhon Theo v tr cua li cat chnh: Dao tien trai Dao tien phai Dao tien gia Theo muc ch gia cong: Dao tien ranh Dao tien goc Dao tien ren Cu the ve dao tien c mo ta trong cac tieu chuan tng ng (ISO 243, 504 hay 514; DIN 4951 4965 va DIN 4971 - 4982). Thong thng viec la chon dao tien theo v tr gia cong tham khao bang (Xem hnh 102). Cac dao tien nay c lu tr vi tat ca cac kch thc cua chung trong quan tr dung cu cua mo phong MTS. Do o chung co the c goi t ay e mo phong. Dao tien Dao tien ngoai (li cat phai) Dao tien ngoai (li cat trai) Dao tien chep hnh Dao tien ngoai (li cat tron) Dao tien trong (trc tam) Dao tien trong (sau tam) Dao tien ren Dao tien ren ngoai (li cat phai) Dao tien ren ngoai (li cat trai) Dao tien ranh Dao tien ranh ngoai Dao gia cong lo
Ngoai
Trong
Dao tien ren trong (trc tam) Dao tien ren trong (sau tam)
Dao tien ranh trong (trc tam) Dao tien ranh trong (sau tam) Dao tien ranh hng Li khoan tam truc Li khoan Li khoan hp kim
Hng truc Hnh 102 Phan loai dao tien
90
Vat lieu li cat

Vat lieu li cat thng dung trong dao tien chu yeu la hp kim cng. Thep gio HSS (high-speed steel) con c s dung cho cac cong viec tien nhat nh, be mat li cat cua no thng c ma. Manh li cat bang vat lieu gom thng s dung cho cac trng hp ac biet va trong cac trng hp ac biet khac s dung kim cng nhan tao. Thep gio (HSS) Thep gio la mot loai thep hp kim dung cu. No co o deo cao, v the no co kha nang chu c tai trong va ap. Toc o cat nho hn so vi hp kim cng va vat lieu gom. Thep gio thng dung e che tao dung cu cat nh hnh v du nh li khoan va doa, khong cho phep dung lam cac manh li cat hay gia cong chat deo va kim loai nhe. Cac dung cu cat thep gio thng c ma mot lp vat lieu cng nh titan-nitrc (TiN). Be mat nay rat cng, lp phu mau vang nay lam tang o ben mai mon va cho phep nang cao toc o cat. Hp kim cng Hp kim cng la nhng vat lieu c thieu ket t cac chat lieu cng va cac phu gia dnh ket di dang cac manh li cat. Trong hau het cac trng hp chat lieu cng la cacbit-vonfram, cacbit-titan hay cacbit-tantal. Phu gia lien ket c s dung la co balt. Hp kim cng ve c ban cng hn thep gio. Chung co kha nang chong mai mon tot va chu c nhiet o gia cong rat cao. Tuy nhien o chu dao ong nhiet va chu va ap ve c ban kem hn thep gio. Hp kim cng co the c phan loai theo cac nhom cat got chnh va theo cac nhom ng dung cat got. Nhom cat got chnh Ky hieu P01 P10 P20 P30 P40 P50 Vat lieu Nhom ng dung cat got ng dung Gia cong tinh, chat lng be mat cao. Gia cong tinh, toc o cat cao. Toc o cat trung bnh. Tnh deo cao Gia cong tho, cat gian Lng tien dao nhanh oan Gia cong tinh, toc o o ben mai mon cao cat cao. Toc o cat cao Toc o cat trung bnh. Gia cong tho, cat gian Tnh deo cao oan. Lng tien dao nhanh Gia cong tinh. o ben mai mon cao Toc o cat cao
o ben mai mon cao Toc o cat cao
P Xanh
Thep Thep uc Gang deo
M Vang
M10 M20 M30 M40
Thep Thep ket cau Gang Kim loai mau
K o
K01 K10 K20 K30 K40
Gang cng Gang Gang deo Nha Go
Gia cong tho, cat gian Tnh deo cao oan Lng tien dao nhanh
Hnh 103 Pham vi ng dung cua hp kim cng Co the lam tang o ben mai mon cua hp kim cng bang cac lp ma tng ng. Nh cac lp ma titan nitrid, cacbit-titan va oxit-nhom c ma chan khong nhiet o 1000o C. Trung tam ao tao Viet-c; Nguyen Anh Tuan. 03.2001 MTS GmbH 1997
91
C s cong nghe gia cong CNC Vat lieu gom Vat lieu gom cng hn hp kim cng va cho phep nhiet o lam viec len en 1200 o C. Chung rat gion, va nhay cam vi s dao ong cua lc cat. Vat lieu gom c che tao di dang manh li cat va c kep tren can dao giong nh manh hp kim cng. Vat lieu gom c s dung trong ieu kien cat on nh, khong can ti nguoi. Toc o cat cao hn hp kim cng. Vat lieu gom c s dung ac biet thch hp e cat vat lieu kim loai v chung khong tao ra hien tng leo dao. Khong thch hp e gia cong hp kim nhom. Vat lieu gom co the c phan loai theo 3 nhom sau: Vat lieu gom-oxit Vat lieu gom-tong hp Vat lieu gom-nitrid
Gom-oxit (Al 2O3 ) nguyen chat c goi la vat lieu gom oxit, chung khong dung kim loai lam tac nhan lien ket. Vat lieu gom oxit ac biet ly tng e cat cac vat lieu kim loai v co kha nang chong mai mon cao. Gom-tong hp c cho them v du nh cacbit-titan vao Al2O3. Gom tong hp c dung e gia cong tinh gang xam hoac thep cung nh dung e cat cac hp kim thep. Gom-nitrid c che tao tren c s silic-nitrid ( Si3N4 ). Vat lieu cat khong cha oxit nay rat gion va nhay cam t vi s dao ong nhiet o cat. Nhc iem la tnh mai mon cao khi cat thep. Gom-nitrid c ng dung e gia cong gang xam. Kim cng Kim cng co o cng cao nhat so vi tat ca cac vat lieu cat khac. Chung ac biet nhay cam vi va cham, tuy nhien khong tao ra hien tng leo dao trong qua trnh gia cong. Kim cng c s dung e cat kim loai mau va hp kim cua chung cung nh dung e cat vat lieu composit (GFK, CFK), hp kim cng va vat lieu gom. Kim cng khong c dung e gia cong thep. Bi v no b mai mon rat nhanh do nguyen t cacbon cua kim cng b tach ra va nhap vao nguyen t sat (s mai mon ngc).
92
Cac thong so hnh hoc cua dao cat

Tuy tng trng hp gia cong can co dang hnh hoc li cat tng ng. Ch nh vay mi co the at c tuoi ben cua dao dai, thi gian gia cong toi u va ngan ong thi chat lng be mat cao. Cac goc li cat cua dao co y ngha quyet cho ieu nay (xem hnh 104). 0 0 0 r s r Goc sau Goc sac Goc trc Goc mui dao Goc nan g Goc nghieng chnh
Hnh 104 Thong so hnh hoc dao tien Goc sau : Goc sac : Goc sau lam giam ma sat va qua o lam giam nhiet chi tiet va li cat. o ln cua goc sac phu thuoc vao o cng va tnh deo cua chi tiet gia cong. Goc sac cang nho th cat cang nhe, nhng s mai mon li cat cang ln va tuoi ben cua li cat cang thap. Goc trc anh hng en s tao phoi va lc cat. Goc trc cang ln th lc cat cang nho, tuy nhien li cat de b v va b mai mon nhanh. Cac vat lieu ran va co o cng trung bnh thng s dung goc trc khoang 10o . Cac vat lieu cng va gion oi hoi goc trc nho tham ch la goc am. Goc nghieng chnh anh hng trc tien en lc tien dao, lc kep chi tiet va chi tiet cung nh chieu day va chieu rong cat. Thng chon goc nghieng chnh t 30o en 60o khi tng quan lc kep on nh. Ch khi tien tru bac vuong goc hay cat t chon goc lech chnh = 90o . Thng chon goc nang am khi tien tho va goc nghieng dng khi tien tinh. Khi goc trc am se giam s chu tai cua mui cat. Khi goc nang dng tang kha nang be phoi cho chi tiet gia cong. Goc mui dao cang ln th li cat cang cng vng va thoat nhiet tot hn.
Goc trc :
Goc nghieng chnh :
Goc nang :
Goc mui dao :
93
S mai mon va tuoi ben cua dao

Khi gia cong dung cu b mai mon. Nguyen nhan la khi gia cong ma sat hnh thanh, an mon ngc (an mon hoa hoc) khi nhiet o cao cung nh tac ong tach phoi. Thong qua nhiet o cao mui cat ma tren be mat cat co the b ong han mot mau nho kim loai, goi la leo dao (Xem hnh 106).
Hnh 105 Dao tien mi
Hnh 106 Leo dao
Trong qua trnh cat mot phan vat lieu lun luon b tach khoi dao tien. Do vay theo thi gian dang hnh hoc li cat b thay oi. Tuy theo viec la chon goc li cat co the gap phai cac dang mai mon khac nhau (Xem hnh 107-110).
Hnh 107 Mon mat sau
Hnh 108 Mon mat trc
Hnh 109 Mon lom mat trc
Hnh 110 B tron au
Hien tng mon theo thi gian nay lam giam chat lng be mat gia cong va chieu sau cat chi tiet. Tuoi ben cua dao at c chng nao ma chat lng be mat oi hoi hoac dung sai kch thc oi hoi khong gi c na. Tuoi ben la thi gian ma li cat con dung e cat got va ap ng c cac nhu cau oi hoi. Tao c chat lng be mat mong muon am bao dung sai theo yeu cau.
Khi at c tuoi ben th oi hoi thay hoac mai lai dung cu. Trng hp s dung manh li cat th co the xoay hoac thay mi. Trc luc s dung mi th phai thc hien o lai dao.
94
Cac thong so che o cat

Tien la mot phng phap gia cong cat got vi chuyen ong cat quay tron va chuyen ong tien dao, chuyen ong tien dao nay co the nam bat k so vi hng cat. Trong hau het cac trng hp chuyen ong cat c thc hien bi chuyen ong quay cua chi tiet gia cong va chuyen ong tien dao cua dung cu cat (xem hnh 111). Van toc cat vc va Toc o tien dao vf
Phoi hp vi nhau va tao nen qua trnh gia cong lien tuc. Van toc cat vc Chuyen ong cat la chuyen ong gia dung cu cat va chi tiet gia cong, no ch tac ong tach phoi mot lan trong mot vong quay ma khong co lng tien dao. Van toc cat c ky hieu la vc (m/phut). Thong thng toc o cho biet quang ng dch chuyen s trong khoang thi gian xac nh t. Tnh theo cong thc sau:
v=
Quang ng dch chuyen s cho mot vong quay cua chi tiet tien co the c tnh toan bi ng knh chi tiet d va hang so :
s t
(quang ng/thi gian)
s = *d
(m)
n v thi gian dung e tnh van toc cat t = 1phut. Do vay van toc cat tnh theo cong thc sau:
vc =
So vong quay cua chi tiet gia cong trong 1 phut c cho la so vong quay n (vong/phut), Thi gian t cho mot vong quay la:
*d t
(m/phut)
Suy ra ta co cong thc dung e tnh van toc cat nh sau:
1 t=n
(phut)
vc = * d * n
m/phut
So vong quay
(vong/phut) (mm/ ) m/phut
vf Toc o chay dao vc Van toc cat
vc = * d * n
Hnh 111 Thong so cat trong tien Trung tam ao tao Viet-c; Nguyen Anh Tuan. 03.2001 MTS GmbH 1997
95
C s cong nghe gia cong CNC Toc o chay dao v f (Lng chay dao) Lng chay dao cung vi van toc cat tao ieu kien tach phoi lien tuc trong nhieu vong quay. Toc o chay dao c ky hieu la v f (mm/phut). Thong thng s dung lng chay dao f (mm/vong). Lng chay dao vong f la quang ng dch chuyen cua dao tien trong mot vong quay. Ta co cong thc tnh lng chay dao nh sau:
vf = n *f
mm/phut
Tuy tng cong viec tien ma oi hoi mot lng chay dao thch hp. No xac nh thi gian gia cong cho hanh trnh dch chuyen trong moi tng quan vi so vong quay n. o ln cua no anh hng quyet nh en lc cat toi u va chat lng be mat c tien. Dien tch lp cat Tiet dien lp cat A mo ta tiet dien cua vat lieu c cat trong mot lp cat (xem hnh 112). Kch thc cua no anh hng quyet nh ti lc cat c hnh thanh. Neu khong quan tam en ban knh li cat, dien tch lp cat A c xac nh t chieu sau cat a va lng tien dao f. Chieu sau cat a, co ngha la chieu sau cua li cat tham gia cat. Dien tch lp cat A co n v la mm2.
A = a *f
h = f * sin
mm2
S dung goc nghieng chnh ta co the tnh toan c be rong b va chieu day h cua lp cat. mm
a b = sin
mm
a f
Chieu sau cat Lng tien dao vong Goc nghieng chnh
b h
Chieu rong cat Cheu day cat
Hnh 112 Cac thong so cat Cac thong so che o cat sau phai c la chon tuy theo tng ng dung cu the va c ieu chnh tren may tien. Toc o cat vc Lng chay dao f Chieu sau cat a Viec la chon nay oi hoi phai co kinh nghiem. Bi the co the c ho tr bi cac bang tra cu che o cat, no cho biet cac gia tr cat tuy thuoc vao vat lieu gia cong va vat lieu li cat. Trung tam ao tao Viet-c; Nguyen Anh Tuan. 03.2001 MTS GmbH 1997
96
V du tnh toan cac thong so che o cat cho gia cong CNC
Toc o cat vc
vc = * d * n
m/phut.
V du 1: Tnh toc o cat khi tien trn neu ng knh chi tiet d = 60 mm va so vong quay n = 1500 1/phut. Gia thyet: d = 60 mm n = 1500 1/phut Tnh: Ta co: vc m/phut
vc = * d * n vc = * 0,06 m 1500 1phut
Ket qua:
v c = 283
m phut
V du 2: Tnh so vong quay n, neu vi cung chi tiet tren nhng ng knh gia cong nho nhat d = 12 mm va van toc cat va tnh c v du tren. Gia thuyet: vc = 283 m/phut d = 12 mm Tnh: Ta co: n 1/phut
v c = *d * n , v n = *cd
n=
hay
283m * phut * 0,012m
Ket qua:
n = 7511 1 phut
97
Luyen tap CNC

Thiet lap mot dao tien li cat trai
Mo ta
1. M menu chnh tien-CNC. 2. Chon thiet lap cong nghe. 3. Chon menu dung cu.
Nhap
F1
(TOPTURN) (Setup mode) (Tool, Datum) (Turret display) (Management)
F3
F4 F2
4. Chon menu thiet lap dung cu.
F2
5. Chon loai dao V du: Dao tien ngoai li cat trai.
hoac
, va bam
F1
(Create tool) chap nhan
98
C s cong nghe gia cong CNC 6. Chon d lieu a co san V du: CL-SDJCL-2020/L/1208 VDI30.
F7
(Default Data) hoac chon , tng ng vi
F1 F1
(Display tool), vi (List tools) chon tiep vi (Generate default) Chap nhan s la chon
F8
7. Nhap cac d lieu quan trong cho dao tien can thiet lap.
Ghi ten mi va cac d lieu cho dung cu mi Chon cac o e nhap vi phm TAB
8. Chom menu o ga dao.
F3
(Select mounting)
9. Chon o ga dung cu V du: BT - 30 - 70 - 40 - 20 - EX.
hoac chon
, tng ng vi
F1
(Display mounting), vi (List mountings) chon tiep vi (Selection) Chap nhan s la chon
F1
F8
99
10. Con co the xem cac thong tin cu the ve dao tien. 1) Manh li cat:
F2
(Help graphic)
11. 2) Can dao tien:
F2
(Help graphic)
12. 3) O ga dao tien:
F2
(Help graphic)
13. Thiet lap dung cu. 14. Thoat khoi menu thiet lap dung cu.
F8
(Create tool) (Quit) (Quit) (Quit) (Quit)
F8 F8
F8 F8
Thay oi dao tien

Cac bc cong viec e thay oi mot dao a hien hu tng t nh thiet lap mot dao tien mi nhng ch can thc hien ti bc th nam. Trong bc nam phai bam
F2
(Modify tool).
3.3 Cau truc va cac thanh phan dao phay gia cong CNC
Phay va phng phap phay
Phay la phng phap gia cong tach phoi vi li cat co dang hnh hoc xac nh, trong o dung cu cat thc hien chuyen ong chnh quay tron va lng tien dao cung nh chuyen ong at chieu sau cat c thc hien thong thng bi chi tiet gia cong (xem hnh 113). 1 Chuyen ong quay cua dao phay Chuyen ong bc tien cua chi tiet
2 Hnh 113 Phay Gia cong phay c phan loai theo v tr cua truc dao phay oi vi chi tiet gia cong, co ngha la co 2 dang: phay mat au va phay mat tru. Trng hp phay mat au truc dao phay c at thang goc vi be mat gia cong (xem hnh 114). Be mat chi tiet c tao ra bi cac li cat chnh. Cac li cat phu thc hien lam bong them be mat chi tiet gia cong. Trng hp phay mat tru truc dao phay c at song song vi be mat gia cong (xem hnh 115). Dao phay gia cong be mat chi tiet bang cac li cat chnh (li cat thuoc mat tru). Ngoai ra phng phap phay nay con c phan biet gia phay thuan va phay nghch.
Hnh 114 Phay mat au
Hnh 115 Phay mat tru
C s cong nghe gia cong CNC Phan biet gia phay thuan va phay nghch c bieu dien (hnh 116 va 117). Trng hp phay nghch chieu quay cua dao phay ngc vi chieu tien cua chi tiet gia cong (xem hnh 116). Lat cat cua dao phay bat au vi chieu day phoi bang khong. Li cat dao phay trt trc khi vao cat phoi cho ti khi at c chieu day nho nhat cho s hnh thanh phoi. Hien tng mai mon nhanh mat sau li cat va bien cng be mat chi tiet gia cong dien ra bi ma sat hnh thanh khi trt. ay la nguyen nhan chnh lam giam tuoi ben cua li cat so vi phay thuan. Phay nghch thuan li cho gia cong chi tiet vi be mat cng (Chi tiet gang), bi v be mat cng c cat t pha trong ra. oi vi phay thuan chieu quay cua dao phay cung chieu vi bc tien cua chi tiet gia cong (xem hnh 117). Rang dao phay vao cat chi tiet ngay t chieu day phoi ln nhat nen gay ra va ap. Khi phay thuan, be mat chi tiet gia cong phang hn va bong hn. Ngc lai vi phay nghch neu cung tuoi ben cua li cat th toc o cat va toc o tien dao cua phay thuan cao hn.
Bc tien cua chi tiet Hnh 116 Phay nghch
Bc tien cua chi tiet Hnh 117 Phay thuan
Trong tat ca cac phng phap phay li dao luon luon cat gian oan. Do ieu kien quang ng cat nen hnh thanh phoi co dang dau phay vi chieu day thay oi (xem hnh 118).
Phoi c hnh thanh
Hnh 118 Phoi phay Trung tam ao tao Viet-c; Nguyen Anh Tuan. 03.2001 MTS GmbH 1997
Cac dang dao phay va ky hieu ISO tng ng

Dao phay co the phan loai theo cac tieu chuan sau: Theo vat lieu gia cong Loai dao N (dung e gia cong thep thng) Loai dao H (dung e gia cong vat lieu mem va cat co phoi dai) Loai dao W (dung e gia cong vat lieu co phoi vun va cng) Theo vat lieu li cat Li cat thep gio Li cat hp kim cng Li cat vat lieu gom Li cat kim cng Theo dang can ga Dao phay tru mat au Dao phay ngon Theo hnh dang dao phay Dao phay ranh T Dao phay tru Dao phay a - Dao phay nh hnh Theo dang rang dao phay Dao phay rang nhon Dao phay ht lng Chi tiet ve dao phay c mo ta trong cac bang liet ke cua nha san xuat va trong cac tieu chuan tng ng (DIN hoac ISO). La chon dao theo bang ch dan di ay (Xem hnh 119) Dao phay ngon Dang tieu chuan Dao phay tru Dao phay mat au Li khoan nh tam Li khoan Li khoan Li khoan hp kim Khoan bac Dang ac biet Dao phay au tron Phay ranh T Hnh 119 Phan loai dao phay Tat ca cac dao phay nay cung vi d lieu c cho trong mo phong CNC cua hang MTS. Cac dung cu cat trong gia cong phay co the c thay oi hoac m rong e at c cac yeu cau cua ngi s dung. Phay goc (dang A) Phay goc (dang B) Dao phay cung loi Phay a Li taro ren Li doa
Vat lieu li cat

Trong phay cac li cat tham gia cat got khong lien tuc. Ngc lai vi tien, qua trnh cat gian oan vi tiet dien phoi khong eu. Do vay li cat phai chu tai trong cham ap. Vat lieu li cat phai co tnh deo ln va o ben nhiet cao. Ngay nay hau het cac dao phay s dung manh li cat t hp kim cng. Manh hp kim cng c han; cac dung cu cat bang thep gio c ma hoac c che tao t thep gio ch dung cho cac dao phay nho. Thep gio (HSS) Thep gio la thep hp kim dung cu. Do o co tnh deo cao va co kha nang chu tai trong va ap. Toc o cat nho hn so vi hp kim cng hay vat lieu gom. Thep gio c dung e lam mui khoan, dao phay n ho va dung cu cat co hnh dang phc tap (Dao phay Profil). Dung cu cat c lam t thep gio c dung e gia cong nhng vat lieu co o ben thap, khi phay va phay profil vi toc o cat nho. Hp kim cng Hp kim cng la vat lieu c che tao bang phng phap thieu ket cac vat lieu cng vi chat ket dnh di dang manh li cat. e tang tnh deo cua hp kim cng khi che tao ngi ta tang thanh phan chat ket dnh. Trong moi lien ket o cng cao va o ben mai mon cao no m rong pham vi ng dung khi phay. Co the tang o chong mai mon cua hp kim cng bang cach ma titan-nitrid, titan-cacbit hoac nhom oxit. Manh hp kim cng co the c han hay bat vt vao dao phay. Vat lieu gom Vat lieu gom t c s dung trong gia cong phay v o gion va nhay cam vi lc cat thay oi bat thng. Tuy nhien, v o cng cua nhom oxit cao nen dung e gia cong tinh gang cng va thep a toi cung nh dung silic-nitrid e phay gang xam. Ca hai vat lieu li cat nay khi gia cong khong can phai ti nguoi. Tng t nh hp kim cng, vat lieu gom c che tao di dang nhng manh li cat. Kim cng Manh li cat kim cng nhan tao c dung e gia cong kim loai mau va vat lieu tong hp (composite). o cng ac biet cua kim cng co the gia cong vi toc o cat cao gap 2 lan va tuoi ben cua li cat cao gap 10 lan so vi hp kim cng. Kim cng khong thch hp e gia cong thep. Bi v kim cng se b mon rat nhanh do nguyen t cacbon cua kim cng b xam nhap vao nguyen t sat (s mai mon ngc).
Cac thong so hnh hoc cua li cat

Khong nh dao tien, dao phay co nhieu li cat (Xem hnh 120). Tnh chat ac thu cua dao phay la gia cong khong lien tuc v moi li cat ch tham gia cat mot oan. d: z: f z: ng knh dao phay So rang dao phay Lng tien dao rang Chieu sau cat Goc tiep xuc
fz ae
ae: S:
0 0 s
0: 0: 0: S: ap:
Goc sau Goc sac Goc trc Goc nang Chieu rong cat
Hnh 120 Thong so hnh hoc dao phay Goc sau : Goc sac : Goc sau lam giam ma sat do vay lam giam nhiet o cat gia li cat va chi tiet. o ln cua goc sac phu thuoc vao o cng va o ben cua chi tiet gia cong. Goc sac cang nho th cat cang nhe, nhng o mai mon li cat cang ln va tuoi ben cua li cat cang thap. Goc trc anh hng en qua trnh tao phoi va lc cat. Goc trc cang ln th lc cat cang nho, tuy nhien li cat se thng b me cung nh b mai mon nhanh.
Goc trc :
Goc tiep xuc S : Goc tiep xuc ch ra hanh trnh gia cong cua dung cu cat lien quan en chu vi. Goc tiep xuc phu thuoc vao chieu sau cat. Goc nang : o ln cua goc nang anh hng en qua trnh vao cat va thoat. V cac li cat thch hp se i vao cat t t, nang cao tnh em du cat cua dung cu.
ap
C s cong nghe gia cong CNC Sap at cua goc nghieng chnh (xem hnh 121) rat quan trong trong gia cong phay. Goc nghieng chnh la goc gia li cat chnh va be mat gia cong. Goc nghieng chnh
Hnh 121 Goc nghieng chnh cua dao phay Neu goc nghieng chnh = 900, sinh ra lc hng knh ln nhat. Do o viec la chon nay ch e gia cong nhng bien dang co goc vuong. Goc nghieng chnh bang 750 hay 600 la thch hp nhat cho cac cong viec phay thong thng. Goc nghieng chnh la 45 0 thch hp oi vi vat lieu cho phoi day. Khi s dung cac manh li cat hp kim cng can chu y 2 goc cat. Nhng goc nay co the c o bang cach s dung cac ng thang chuan. Goc cat hng knh (ng thang chuan thong qua ng tam dao phay) Goc cat hng truc (ng thang chuan song song vi truc dao phay)
Trong trng hp phay mat phang vi mot dao phay mat au rang chap thng s dung s phoi hp nh sau (xem hnh 122): Ca hai goc dng Ca hai goc am Mot goc am va mot goc dng 2 2 2
+
1
Ca hai goc dng
Ca hai goc am Goc cat hng knh
Mot goc am, mot goc dng Goc cat hng truc
Hnh 122 Thong so hnh hoc li cat dao phay rang chap Trong trng hp ca hai goc dng ch can cong suat nho bi v lc cat nho. Thch hp cho gia cong nhng chi tiet co thanh mong. Phoi dang xoan de dang thoat ra khoi dung cu. Cac vat lieu co khuynh hng leo dao, v du nh nhom rat thch hp vi dang hnh hoc nay. Ca hai goc am c dung e gia cong thep cng va gang xam cung nh dung e gia cong tho. Lc cat c hnh thanh cao, do o can co cong suat truyen ong ln va s on nh cua may cao. Dang hnh hoc nay tao ra hien tng cuon phoi trong dung cu cat. ieu nay co the gay ra hien tng ket phoi khi gia cong nhng vat lieu cho phoi dang day. Vi mot goc dng va mot goc am cho phep lng tien dao cao va chieu sau cat ln, v goc cat hng knh am gop phan lam tang o ben va ap cua manh li cat, goc hng truc dng ly tng cho viec thoat phoi. Dung cu cat vi mot goc dng va mot goc am c ng dung trong nhieu trng hp khac nhau. Trung tam ao tao Viet-c; Nguyen Anh Tuan. 03.2001 MTS GmbH 1997
Cac thong so che o cat

Phay la phng phap gia cong co phoi vi dung cu cat quay tron, cac li cat cat khong lien tuc. Chieu tien dao co the nam bat k so vi hng cat. Chung c thc hien bi dung cu cat hoac chi tiet gia cong hoac ca hai (xem hnh 123). Van toc cat vc va Toc o tien dao vf long vao nhau va dan ti qua trnh cat lien tuc. Van toc cat vc Chuyen ong cat la chuyen ong gia dung cu cat va chi tiet gia cong, chung tac ong tach phoi ch mot lan trong mot vong quay ma khong co chuyen ong bc tien. Van toc cat tng ng vi van toc vong cua dao phay tren li cat hien hanh. Van toc cat c ky hieu la v c (m/phut) va c tnh toan tren c s so vong quay n nh sau:
vc = * d * n
m/phut
o ln cua van toc cat ch phu thuoc phu thuoc vao so vong quay cua truc chnh. Tuy nhien hng cat thay oi lien tuc trong suot qua trnh gia cong (xem hnh 123).
vc vc vf vc vc
vc
n
n vf vc d
So vong quay Lng tien dao Van toc cat ng knh cua dung cu cat
Hnh 123 Thong so gia tr cat trong phay Toc o tien dao vf Chuyen ong tien dao cung vi chuyen ong cat tao ra hien tng tach phoi lien tuc trong nhieu vong quay. Trong phay lng tien dao co the cho theo 3 dang: Toc o tien dao vf Lng tien dao rang fz Lng tien dao vong f mm/phut mm mm
Tnh toan toc o tie n dao v f da tren lng tien dao rang f z, co ngha la hanh trnh tien dao tren tng rang dao phay. Xet theo so vong quay n va so rang z ta co cong thc sau:
v f = fz * n * z vf = f * n
Do o ta co cong thc tnh toc o tien dao nh sau:
mm/phut
Cong thc tnh toc o tien dao vf khi tnh theo lng tien dao vong f: mm/phut
v f = f * n = fz * n * z
mm/phut
C s cong nghe gia cong CNC Cac thong so cat Khong nh trong tien, phoi cat trong phay co dang khong eu (xem hnh 124). Do vay chieu day cat trung bnh hm c s dung e mo ta.
fz
1
Lp phoi c hnh thanh fz: hm: Lng tien dao rang Chieu day cat trung bnh
hm
Hnh 124 Chieu day cat Khi phay mat tru, chieu rong cat a p la chieu rong phan li cat tham gia cat vao chi tiet. Chieu sau lat ca t a e c o tren mot mat phang tng tng cua be mat gia cong. Hng cat va hng tien dao c at tren be mat gia cong (xem hnh 125).
ap
ap: Chieu rong cat ae: Chieu sau cat Hnh 125 Cac tham so trong gia cong phay
ae
ae
Be mat gia cong ap: Chieu sau cat ae: Chieu rong cat
Trong phay mat au, a p la chieu sau cat c o thang goc vi be mat gia cong. Chieu rong cat a e c xac nh bang chieu rong cua be mat c phay. Cac thong so che o cat sau phai c la chon khac nhau tuy thuoc vao tng ng dung cu the va c ieu chnh tren may phay. So vong quay n Lng tien dao f Chieu sau cat hoac chieu rong cat ap va chieu rong cat hoac chieu sau cat ae
ieu nay oi hoi nhieu kinh nghiem. Bi the co the c ho tr bi cac bang tra cu che o cat, no cho biet cac gia tr cat tuy thuoc vao vat lieu gia cong va vat lieu li cat. Trung tam ao tao Viet-c; Nguyen Anh Tuan. 03.2001 MTS GmbH 1997
ap
V du e tnh toan cac thong so cong nghe cho gia cong CNC
Van toc cat vc
vc = * d * n
Lng tien dao vf
m/phut
v f = f * n = fz * n * z
V du 1:
mm/phut
Tnh van toc cat vc neu ng knh dao phay d = 50 mm va so vong quay n = 520 V/phut. Gia thuyet: d = 50 mm n = 520 1/phut Tnh: Ta co: vc m/phut
v c = *d *n
v c = * 0 ,05 m 520 1 phut
Ket qua:
v c 82
m phut
V du 2: Tnh so vong quay n cua dao phay ngon vi ng knh dao d = 12 mm va van toc cat v c = 120 m/phut. Gia thuyet: d = 12 mm vc = 120 m/phut Tnh: Ta co: n 1/phut
v c = * d * n , hay
n=
n =
vc *d
120 m * phut * 0 , 012 m
Ket qua:
n = 3183 1 phut
C s cong nghe gia cong CNC V du 3: Khi phay mat phang vi mot dao phay tru mat au co van toc cat v c = 180 m/phut, so vong quay n khong vt qua 400 1/phut. Tnh ng knh ln nhat cua dao phay sao cho khong vt qua cac gia tr tren? Gia thuyet: n = 400 1/phut vc = 180 m/phut Tnh: Ta co: d mm
v c = *d * n v d = *cn
d=
, hay
180000 mm * phut * phut * 400
Ket qua:
d = 143mm
Luyen tap CNC

Thiet lap mot dao phay ngon
Mo ta
1. M menu chnh Phay-CNC. 2. Chon thiet lap cong nghe. 3. Chon menu dung cu.
Nhap
F2 F3 F4
(TOPMILL) (Setup mode) (Tool, Datum) (Turret display) (Management)
F2
4. Chon menu thiet lap dung cu. 5. Chon loai dao V du: Dao phay ngon.
F2
hoac
, va bam
F1
(Create tool) chap nhan
6. Chon d lieu co san
F7
(Default data)
7. Chon d lieu co san, V du: ME-16.0/032K
hoac chon
, cu the vi
F1
(Display tool), vi (List tools) chon tiep vi (Create default) chap nhan la chon
F1
F8
8. Chon can ga
F3
(Select mounting)
9. Chon can ga, V du: SK40-MK2
hoac chon
, cu the vi
F1 F1
(Display mountings), vi (List mountings) chon tiep vi (Selection) chap nhan
F8
10. Goi ho tr bang o hoa
F2
(Help grafic)
11.
Nhap ten va d lieu dung cu vi cac phm cua ban phm Chon cac vung nhap vi phm TAB
12. Thiet lap dung cu.
F8
(Create tool)
13. Thoat khoi menu thiet lap dung cu.
F8
F8 F8 F8
(Quit) (Quit) (Quit) (Quit)
Thay oi dao tien

Cac bc cong viec e thay oi mot dao a hien hu tng t nh thiet lap mot dao tien mi nhng ch can thc hien ti bc th nam. Trong bc nam phai bam
F2
(Change tool).
3.4
V du 1:
Tnh toan cac thong so cong nghe cho gia cong CNC
V du tnh toan cac thong so cong nghe cho gia cong tien CNC
Tren may tien CNC, mot truc bac (xem hnh ve ben) c tien tho cung nh tien tinh trong 4 lat cat co chieu sau cat lan lt la 6; 6; 5 va 5mm va lng d cho phep e gia cong tinh la 0,5mm. Van toc cat khi tien tho la v cv = 280 m/phut va khi tien tinh la vcf = 400m/phut. Tnh so vong quay n cua moi lat cat?
50 60 20
70
45
Tnh so vong quay e tien tho (lat cat 1-4) va tien tinh (lat cat 5-6). Gia thuyet: Tnh: Ta co: vcv = 280 m/phut vcf = 400 m/ phut n=? 1/ phut
n=
vc *d
Lat cat 2. = 46mm vcv = 280 m/phut
Lat cat 1. = 58mm
280m * phut * 0,058m n1 = 1537 1phut n1 =

280m * phut * 0,036m
vcv = 280 m/phut
280m * phut * 0,046m n2 = 1938 1phut n2 =

280m * phut * 0,026m
Lat cat 3. = 36mm
vcv = 280 m/phut
Lat cat 4. = 26mm
vcv = 280 m/phut
n3 =
n4 =
n3 = 2476 1 phut
Lat cat 5. = 25 mm vcf = 400 m/phut
n4 = 3428 1phut
Lat cat 6. = 45 mm
400m n5 = * phut * 0,025m n5 = 5393 1phut
400m n6 = * phut * 0,045m n6 = 2830 1phut
vcf = 400 m/phut
25
C s cong nghe gia cong CNC V du 2: Tren may tien CNC, mot truc bac (xem hnh ve ben) c tien tho cung nh tien tinh trong 4 lat cat co chieu sau cat lan lt la 6; 6; 5 va 5mm, lng tien dao f v = 0,2mm va lng d cho phep e gia cong tinh la 0,5mm. V l do chieu cao nhap nho c xac nh khac nhau, ng knh = 45 se c tien tinh vi lng tien dao f f1 = 0.07mm va cac be mat con lai c cat got vi lng tien dao ff2 = 0,12mm. Chieu dai dung e tien va rut dao trong moi chuyen ong cat got se c lap trnh la 2mm. Tnh thi gian gia cong e tien tho thuv va tien tinh t huf va thi gian gia cong tong cong thug ? Tnh thi gian gia cong chnh e tien tho thuv va tien tinh thuf Thi gian gia cong trong tien c tnh theo cong thc sau:
50 60
70
45
20
L *i th = n * f
Trong o: L chieu dai chay dao i so lan cat n so vong quay f lng tien dao vong
phut
Chieu dai chay dao L c tnh t hanh trnh li cat tham gia cat (Chieu dai I = chuyen ong tien dao theo chieu Z va X) va cac hanh trnh tien va rut dao trong qua trnh gia cong (I a hoac Iu). Chieu dai chay dao tong cong cua moi chuyen ong cat: Lat cat 1: Lat cat 2: Lat cat 3: Lat cat 4: Lat cat 5: Lat cat 6: L = l + la + lu = 50mm + 6mm + 2mm + 2mm = 60mm L = l + la + lu = 50mm + 12mm + 2mm + 2mm = 66mm L = l + la + lu = 20mm + 5mm + 2mm + 2mm = 29mm L = l + la + lu = 20mm + 10mm + 2mm + 2mm = 34mm L = l + la + lu = 20mm + 1mm + 2mm + 2mm = 25mm L = l + la + lu = 30mm + 12mm + 2mm + 2mm = 46mm Gia thuyet: L = Hanh trnh tien dao i =1 Tnh: Ta co: th phut
L *i th = n * f
25
C s cong nghe gia cong CNC Tnh thi gian gia cong tien tho thuv Lat cat 1. L=60mm fv=0.2 mm n=1537 1/phut Lat cat 2. L=66mm fv =0.2 mm n=1938 1/phut
L *i th = n * f 60mm * 1phut th = 1537 * 0,2mm

t h = 0,195 phut
Lat cat 3. L=29mm fv=0.2 mm n=2476 1/phut
L *i th = n * f 66mm * 1 phut th = 1938 * 0,2mm

t h = 0,172phut
Lat cat 4. L=34mm fv=0.2 mm n=3428 1/phut
L *i th = n * f 29mm * 1phut th = 2476* 0,2mm

t h = 0,059phut
L *i th = n * f 34mm * 1phut th = 3428* 0,2mm

t h = 0,050phut
t huv = 0,195phut + 0,172phut + 0,059phut + 0,050 phut
t huv = 0,476phut
Tnh thi gian gia cong tien tinh thuf Lat cat 5. L=25mm f v=0.12mm n=5393 1/phut Lat cat 6. L=46mm fv=0.07mm n=2830 1/phut
L *i th = n * f
th = 25mm * 1phut 5393* 0,12mm
L *i th = n * f
th = 46mm * 1phut 2830 * 0,07mm
t h = 0,039phut t huf = 0,039phut + 0,232phut t huf = 0,271phut

Tnh thi gian gia cong tong cong thug
t h = 0,232phut
t hug = t huv + t huf

t hug = 0,476phut + 0,271phut
t hug = 0,747phut
C s cong nghe gia cong CNC V du 3: Tren may tien CNC, mot truc bac (xem hnh ve ben) c tien tho cung nh tien tinh trong 4 lat cat co chieu sau cat lan lt la 6; 6; 5 va 5mm va lng tien dao fv = 0,2mm. Bi v chieu cao nhap nho khac nhau ng knh = 25 se c tien tinh vi lng tien dao f f1 = 0.07mm va tat ca be mat con lai c tien vi lng tien dao ff2 = 0,12mm. Toc o cat e tien tho la v cv = 280m/phut va tien tinh la v cf = 400m/phut. Ban knh li cat cua dao tien tho la rv = 0,8mm va dao tien tinh la rf = 0,4mm. Tnh chieu cao nhap nho cho phep?
50 60 70 45 25 20
Tnh toan chieu sau nham at c Chieu cao nhap nho trong tien c tnh theo cong thc sau:
f2 Rt = 8 * r
Trong o: f lng tien dao vong r ban knh li cat Gia thuyet: f = 0.07 mm r = 0.4 mm Rt mm
mm
Gia thuyet:
f = 0.12 mm r = 0.8 mm Rt mm
Tnh:
Tnh:
1. Tnh chieu cao nhap nho 45.
Rt 1.6
cho be mat 2. Tnh chieu cao nhap nho mat khac.
Rt 6 .3
cho cac be
Rt 1.6 Rt 1.6 Rt 1.6
f 2 mm2 = mm 8 r 1 mm 2 0. 07 = 8 0. 4 0. 0049 = 3. 2
= = 0,00153 mm
Rt 6.3 =
f2 8r
mm 2 = mm 1 mm
2
Rt 6.3 = 0.12
8 0.8
Rt 6.3 =
Rt 6.3 =
0. 0144 8 0.8
0. 0144 6.4
mm
Rt 1.6
Rt 6.3 = 0,00225mm
Tnh toan lc cat va cong suat ong c

Cac kien thc ve moi tng quan can ban ve lc cat gap phai cung nh ve cong suat cat va cong suat danh ngha va cong hieu dung cua cac ong c truyen ong rat hu dung cho cac cong nhan van hanh may cong cu CNC. Phan ln cac ai lng anh hng ti lc cat la: Chung khong c tnh toan mot cach chnh xac vi cac cong thc. Mot vai ai lng anh hng nay ch co the xac nh bi cac thc nghiem. Tuy theo vat lieu gia cong ma lc cat sinh ra khac nhau, tuy thuoc vao o cng hay mem cua vat lieu hoac no cho phoi day hay phoi vun. Them vao o la dung cu cat, vat lieu li cat va tnh chat cua no. Cung rat quan trong o la cac thong so cong nghe c lap trnh v du: lng tien dao, so vong quay, van toc cat, chieu day cat, tiet dien phoi, dang hnh hoc li cat, ac biet la goc trc va goc nghieng; nhng ai lng nay rat co y ngha oi vi lc cat. Tuy nhien o mai mom cua li cat cung co s anh hng cua no. V du: Mot co truc ng knh = 60, vat lieu C45 c tien tho 1 lp sau o tien tinh. Dung dao tien ngoai li cat trai vi manh hp kim (0 = 900 r = 900). Lng tien dao f v = 0.2mm, f f = 0.1mm, Van toc cat vcv = 200m/ph va vcf = 300m/ph. Lng d sau khi tien tho can e lai 0.5mm. He so hieu dung cua ong c truyen ong chnh la = 0.8. Can tnh toan cac thong so sau: 1. Lc cat Fcv, 2. Cong suat cat Pcv va 3. Cong suat can thiet cua ong c truyen ong Pab.
Gia thiet:
Chieu dai tien: Chieu sau cat: Lng tien dao: Van toc cat:
l = 50 mm ap = 4.5 mm
fv
= 0.20 mm
vcv=200m/min
Goc nghieng: He so hieu dung:
r=90 =0,8
1. Lc cat FC
Tnh lc cat FC theo cong thc: lc cat = Tiet dien phoi * Lc cat rieng
Fc = b h kc = a p f v k c , ( r=900)
Neu r nho hn 90 , tnh toan b bi
0
b=
ap
r
sin h bi h = k 11 kc = cm h
c
f sin r N , 2 mm
va
Trong o kcl-1 la tr so kc ieu kien lien quan ti thc nghiem va mc la so mu cua chieu day phoi; kcl-1 va mc co the rut ra t bang sau.
Vat lieu
Lc cat rieng kc (N/mm2) chieu day phoi h (mm)
Tuy nhien cong thc tren khong the dung e tnh toan lc cat. Phai can chu y ti chuoi cac he so hieu chnh. Do vay cong thc thc nghiem co the s dung nh sau:
Fc = a p f v kc K K v K sch K ver
o
[N ]
Cac gia tr hieu chnh trong cong thc co y ngha: K0 la he so thay oi goc trc. No c tnh toan t
K = 1
o
khi thc nghiem.
o ok 66. 7
, 0 la goc trc hien hu va goc trc ok a c dung cho gia tr kc trong
C s cong nghe gia cong CNC Kv la he so thay oi van toc cat. Cac gia tr trong bang ch co gia tr cho pham vi vc=90...125 m/ph. No c rut ra t bieu o Kv-vc sau ay.
BIEU O Kv Vc:
Tr so Kv thch hp cho va
Kv
v c m/ph
V du:
ph
Ksch la he so thay oi vat lieu li cat t hp kim cng ti vat lieu gom, he so bang 1 cho hp kim cng va 0.9....0.95 cho vat lieu gom. Kver la he so mai mom cua li cat. No phai c tnh, v gia tr kc- c rut ra t trong bang ch thch hp cho dung cu hien hu. Bi the no c tnh toan theo gia tr Kver bang 1.3...1.5. Giai: Gia tr hieu chnh Ksch xac nh t ieu kien trong bang va co the lay bang 1. aP va cac gia tr khac ch c xac nh theo:
fv
a cho. Tat ca
kc11 N m h mm2 2220 kc = . 0.2 014 N kc = 2781 mm2 kc =

c
o ok 667 . 10 6 K == 1 66.7 K = 0,94 K = 1

o o o
Cac gia tr c cho nh nhng gia tr hieu chnh Kver = 1,3 va c lay t trong bang Kv = 0,96. Do vay lc cat tnh c:
Fc = a p f k c K Kv KschKver Fcv = 4 .5 mm 0 .2 mm 2781 N / mm 2 0. 96 0. 94 1 1.3 Fcv = 2936 N

0
2. Cong suat cat PC

Viec tnh toan cong suat cat PC dien ra theo phng trnh sau:
m 1 ph min Nm , The cac gia tr cua bai tap ta co Pc = Fc vc N = 60 s min ph 60 s m Pcv = 2936 N 200 min ph Nm Pcv = 9786 , 7 , v 1Nm/s = 1W (Watt), va 9786,7 Nm/s = 9,787 KW s Pcv = 9. 787 KW
3. Cong suat cua ong c truyen ong Pab
Viec tnh toan Cong suat cua ong c truyen ong Pab dien ra cong suat cat a biet theo cong thc sau:
P cv KW = KW 1 9787 . P ab = 0.8 P ab = 12.23 KW P ab =
V du tnh toan cac thong so che o cat cho gia cong phay CNC
Tnh toc o tien dao vf Khi phay thng s dung toc o tien dao vf (mm/phut). Tuy nhien lng tien dao rang f z cung co y ngha, v cong nhan trc tien phai biet li cat co the chu ng c lng tien dao la bao nhieu. Lng tien dao nay phai c phan biet vi lng tien dao at c trong mot vong quay dao phay. Toc o tien dao vf Lng tien dao rang fz Lng tien dao vong f mm/phut mm mm
Cac cong thc sau dung e tnh toc o tien dao:
v f = fz * n * z vf = f *n v f = f * n = fz * n * z
V du 1:
mm/phut
mm/phut
mm/phut
Mot chi tiet gia cong vi vat lieu la C15 c phay trong mot lat cat vi dao phay tru mat au gan manh hp kim. Chieu sau cat la 10mm, van toc cat v c =160 m/phut va lng tien dao rang f z = 0,18mm. Dao phay tru mat au co 4 li cat ng knh dao = 63mm. Tnh toc o tien dao vf? Gia thuyet: vc = 160 m/phut d = 63 mm f z = 0,18 mm z =4 Tnh: Ta co: vf mm/phut (1) hay
v f = fz * n * z
vc = * d * n
v n = *cd
, thay vao (1)
v v f = *cd * fz * z
vf =
Ket qua:
160000 mm * 0,18mm * 4 * phut * 63mm
v f = 582mm / phut
C s cong nghe gia cong CNC V du 2: Tnh toc o tien dao vf Ranh cua chi tiet nh hnh ve c phay trong mot lat cat tren may phay ng CNC vi dao phay ngon 2 li cat ng knh =12mm, so vong quay n = 1800 1/phut va lng tien dao rang fz = 0,12mm. Tnh toc o tien dao vf? Gia thuyet: N = 1800 1/phut
f z = 0.12 mm
z=2 Tnh: Ta co: vf mm/phut
v f = fz * n * z
vf = 0,12mm * 1800
Ket qua:
1 *2 phut
v f = 432mm / phut
V du 3: Tnh so vong quay n Tnh so vong quay n khi gia cong bang dao phay ngon 2 li cat, vi lng tien dao theo phng vuong goc be mat chi tiet gia cong b f = 0,1mm va lng tien dao theo chieu dai fl = 0,15mm, toc o tien dao vf = 200mm/phut. Gia thuyet: vf = 200 mm/phut f b = 0,10 mm z=2 Tnh: Ta co: nb 1/phut Tnh: Ta co: Gia thuyet: vf = 200 mm/phut f l = 0,15 mm z=2 nl 1/phut
nb = nb =
vf mm fb * z phut * mm 200 0.1* 2
Ket qua:
1 nb = 1000 phut
Ket qua:
vf mm fl * z phut * mm 200 1 nl = 0.15 * 2 phut 1 nl = 667 phut nl =
Tnh toan lc cat va cong suat ong c

Khi phay ngi ta cung dung ngay cac he so hieu chnh nh khi tnh toan lc cat cho tien. ap ae b Fcz s hm Chieu sau cat Chieu rong cat Chieu rong phoi Lc cat moi rang Goc tiep xuc Chieu day trung bnh cua phoi Lng tien dao rang So rang dao phay So rang tham gia cat ng knh dao phay Goc nang cua li cat Goc nghieng Lc cat rieng Tren tiet dien phoi b hm =1 mm lien quan ti lc cat rieng mc So mu cua chieu day phoi
fz
z ze D kc kc1-1
Cac d lieu c tra trong bang hoac tnh nh trong trng hp he so thay oi goc trc bi cong thc
K = 1
o
o ok . Khi phay ket qua lc cat la: 66 .7 Fc = Fcz ze N 1 = N . theo cong thc nay th z s 360
va
ze =
Fcz = b hm k c . ay gom b= ae mm cos

va
hm = f z sin
360 a e mm d s
= 900 - cho dao phay vi goc nang. Can chu y ti cac he so hieu chnh va lc cat c tnh t cong thc:
N Fc = ze b h m kc K K v K ver mm mm 2 = N mm
o
va vi
ze , b , hm cong thc cho ket qua
Fc =
z s a e 360 a p f z sin kc K Kv Kver 360 cos s d

o
V du 4.
Thanh dan bang thep C35 nh hnh ve c phay bac vi dao phay tru mat au 4 li cat ng knh = 40mm . Gia thiet: ng knh dao Chieu rong dao Chieu sau phay Lng tien dao Goc trc Goc nang Goc nghieng Vat lieu He so hieu dung Van toc cat d = 40mm ae = 40mm ap = 6mm 0 = 100 = 300 = 900 C35
f z = 0.12 mm
M = 0.82 vc=140mm/ph
Tnh toan lc cat Fc
Fc = Fc =
z s a e 360a p N mm mm f z sin kc K K v K ver 1 mm 1 = N 2 360 cos s d mm 1 mm

o
4 1 40 360 6 0.12 sin 90kc K Kv Kver ; 360 cos 30 1 40

o
Gia tr kc khong the lay trc tiep t trong bang. No c tnh nh sau:
kc = hm =
kc11 co the lay t trong bang la 1860, tng t mc vi 0.2. Gia tr hm c tnh nh sau
kc11 , hm
c
Kv c lay t bieu o = 0.97. Kver c chon =1.3 cho gia tr hieu chnh o mon li cat. Do vay tat ca cac gia tr c xac nh cho tnh lc cat, vay lc cat la: 4 40 6 0.12 1 1420 0. 94 0. 97 1. 3 0. 866 40 Fc = 1782 N Fc =
Tnh toan cong suat cat Pc e tnh cong suat cat Pc ta s dung cong thc sau:
f z sin , sau o s d 360 6 hm = = 3.87 mm va 44 . 4 40 1860 N kc = = 1420 . 0.2 3.87 mm 2 ok 10 6 K = 1 o = 1 = 0.94 66. 7 66 . 7
o
360 a p
P c = F c *v c
m Pc = 1782N *140 min
Pc = 1782 * 140
Pc = 415W
Nm 60s
Tnh toan cong suat can thiet cho ong c Pab

e tnh toan cong suat cho ong c Pab ta s dung cong thc sau:
P Pab = c M c 0,45KW 0,82 Pab = 055KW Pab =

Tnh toan thi gian gia cong chnh
Thanh dan bang vat lieu ST50 c ve phac nh hnh ve va phay trong mot lat cat bac sau 12 mm bang dao phay ngon ng knh 32mm va chieu dai li cat 16mm. Tnh thi gian gia cong chnh cho may CNC? neu lng tien dao rang bang 0.12 va van toc cat bang 120 m/ph. Chieu dai vao va thoat dao la 22 mm. Gia thiet: Vat lieu: ST50 ng knh dao Lng tien dao rang Van toc cat d =32 mm
Chieu dai vao va thoat dao l = 22mm Chieu sau cat ap = 12mm Chieu dai chi tiet Ll = 90mm Chieu rong chi tiet Lb = 50mm
f z = 0 .12 mm m vc = 120 min ph
Tnh thi gian gia cong chnh tnu bang cong thc sau:
t nu =
Lges i fv
c
tnu =
( 2 Ll + 2 Lb + 2 A ) ;
fv
c c
mm 1 mm min ph ph = = = min mm mm min ph

vi
vc 012 . 3 140 = fv = d 0032 . 2 110 + 2 70 + 2 22 tnu = 501 tnu = 081 . min ph f = fz z

vc
f = 501
vc
mm min ph
Ket qua la:
3.5 Thiet b kep CNC

Cac dang thiet b kep
Thiet b kep dung e ga chi tiet gia cong len may cong cu. No phai ap ng 2 chc nang c ban sau: 1. nh v chnh xac chi tiet gia cong. 2. Kep chat chi tiet e chong lai tat ca cac lc sinh ra trong qua trnh gia cong. Viec kep chat chi tiet dien ra phan ln bi sc ep cua cac phan t kep. chung c goi la lc kep. e cho chi ph thiet b kep va chi ph gia cong la nho nhat, Can cac oi hoi tiep theo oi vi thiet b kep: Thao tac nhanh va n gian. Kha nang s dung a dang. Thay oi de dang cac phan t kep. o chnh xac cao khi kep lai.
Thiet lap lc kep Viec kep bang tay thng ien ra tren may cong cu van nang. ieu nay oi hoi ngi cong nhan hao ton nhieu sc lc. e giam thi gian phu va giam nhe viec kep cho ngi cong nhan, cac thiet b kep chuyen dung a c phat trien cho tng phng tien kep. Co nhieu phng phap c s dung e tao ra lc kep: C cau kep c kh. Thiet b kep thuy lc. Thiet b kep kh nen. Thiet b kep bang ien.
C cau kep c kh thng s dung c cau thanh chem (xem hnh 126) hay c cau on bay (xem hnh 127). Nhng c cau kep nay thng c s dung tren may tien.
Hnh 126 Mam cap vi c cau kep thanh chem Mam cap Thanh keo Thanh chem Chau kep
Hnh 127 Mam cap vi c cau kep on bay Mam cap Thanh keo on bay Chau kep
Thiet b kep thuy lc tao ra cac chuyen ong va lc kep can thiet bang cac piston thuy lc. Cac thiet b nay thng c ieu khien bi cac van tac ong bang tay. Lc kep co the ieu khien chnh xac va Trung tam ao tao Viet-c; Nguyen Anh Tuan. 03.2001 MTS GmbH 1997
C s cong nghe gia cong CNC oc c bi mot c cau hien th. Mac du thiet b kep thuy lc oi hoi ky thuat phc tap nhng chung hoan toan c tin cay.
Hnh 128 Thiet b kep thuy lc
Thiet b kep kh nen c van hanh bang k hong kh vi ap lc. Chung lam viec tng t nh thiet b kep thuy lc. May nen kh c s dung e tao ra kh nen.
Hnh 129 Thiet b kep kh nen
C s cong nghe gia cong CNC Thiet b kep bang ien vi chuyen ong quay tao ra lc kep bang he thong an khp truc vt banh vt. Chung co kha nang ieu chnh nhanh e kep c cac ng knh khac nhau cua chi tiet. Truc xoay c khoa trong suot qua trnh kep va thao kep bi ly hp ien t trong thiet b kep, v the toan bo momen kep c truyen en mam cap.
ai oc ren Truc ren Thanh noi Ly hp Banh rang hanh tinh ong c Hnh 130 C cau kep bang ien
Cac dang va ac iem cua thiet b kep e tien

Trong phan nay nhieu thiet b kep khac nhau cho tien se c gii thieu. Co the phan biet s khac nhau cua thiet b kep nh sau: Kep bang mam cap Kep bang kep rut Kep bang mui chong tam Kep bang mam toc Kep bang mam hoa Kep bang o ga tien Kep bang Luy-net
Kep bang mam cap Mam cap c phan biet da vao so chau kep la mam cap 2 chau, mam cap 3 chau va mam cap 4 chau. Mam cap 3 chau t nh tam thng c s dung nhieu nhat. Chung bao am ga nhng phoi tien tron ong tam mot cach chac chan va nhanh chong. Mam cap 4 chau dung e kep nhng phoi tien co 4, 8 hay 12 canh va nhng phoi tien tron.
Hnh 131 Mam cap 3 chau t nh tam
Hnh 132 Mam cap 4 chau t nh tam
Cac chau kep thng c toi cng va co dang bac. Cac chau kep co the ieu chnh do vay kep c cac chi tiet co ng knh khac nhau. Bang cach thay oi cac chau kep, chi tiet gia cong tien co the c kep t ben trong hoac ben ngoai. S truyen lc kep thng da tren nguyen ly cua a xoan oc hoac thanh nem.
C s cong nghe gia cong CNC Truyen lc kep bang a xoan oc Mam cap vi a xoan oc co lc kep nho, v be mat tiep xuc gia a xoan va chau kep qua nho.
Hnh 133 Mam cap vi a xoan oc
Hnh 134 He thong truyen lc kep
Nhc iem cua mam cap a xoac oc la khi thay oi cac chau kep phai c thao ri toan bo khoi mam cap. Chau kep 2 chieu Truc vt ieu chnh e chau kep Banh rang truyen lc a xoan oc Vt chan banh rang Cha khoa Cha khoa ieu chnh Hnh 120 Cac bo phan cua mam cap a xoan oc Nguyen tac hoat ong: Quay banh rang nho (4) lam cho a xoan oc (5) quay. Do o e chau kep (3) chay ve pha tam cua truc chnh va kep chi tiet gia cong.
Truyen lc kep bang thanh nem

Mam cap s dung thanh nem co kha nang thay oi cac chau kep mot cach nhanh chong va tao ra lc kep ln hn so vi mam cap vi a xoan oc.
Muc luc 22 Nap 33 23 a dan 34 24GB e chau kep 35 24EB Chau n 36 25 Chau kep 37 27 Truc 38 28 Sat trt 39-42 29 Chot ham chau kep 44 Hnh 136 Cac bo phan cua mam cap dung thanh nem Nguyen tac hoat ong:
Chot nh v O Vong ap Lo-xo chot ham chau kep Lo-xo chot nh v Nem Vt tru Chot tru
51 56 57 58 76 90
Than mam cap Thanh nem Chot ap lc Sat chan Che phoi Cha khoa
Thong qua cha khoa (90) quay truc (27) vao thanh nem (56). Thanh nem (56-2) quay dch chuyen a dan (23) qua sat trt (28). Hai sat trt (28) truyen lc tiep ti thanh nem khac (56-1). Cac thanh nem vi cac bien dang chay nghieng ngam vao phan e cua chau kep (24GB) va dan chung vao hng tam.
Kep bang kep rut
Kep rut co kha nang kep chi tiet co dang hnh tru mot cach chnh xac va nhanh chong. Chi tiet c kep t ben ngoai bi kep rut. Kep rut thng ch ng dung cho nhng chi tiet gia cong co cung ng knh hoac co kch thc tng ng v no co mot pham vi ieu chnh hng knh rat nho. No c s dung ac biet trong gia cong loat ln.
Chi tiet gia cong au kep Truc Ong kep Hnh 137 Kep rut
Kep gia cac mui tam

Kep gia hai mui chong tam c ng dung cho nhng chi tiet dai. Chi tiet gia cong phai c khoa mat va khoan tam ca hai mat.
Hnh 138 Kep bang mui chong tam Kep bang mui chong tam co the c phan biet theo cac kha nang sau, can c vao ac iem ky thuat gia cong: Toc mat au cung vi mui tam quay hay mui tam co nh. Toc kep co vong bao ve cung vi mui tam quay hay mui tam co nh.
C s cong nghe gia cong CNC Toc mat au thng c gan tren truc chnh. No c s dung khi phai gia cong toan bo be mat tru cua chi tiet. Chi tiet c kep gia toc mat dau va u ong. Nhc iem cua toc mat au la ch truyen c momen quay nho.
Hnh 139 Toc mat au
Mui tam quay c cai vao nong truc u ong oi dien vi toc mat au. V mui chong tam quay quanh tam cua no nen co the s dung van toc cat cao trong suot qua trnh gia cong.
Hnh 140 Mui chong tam xoay
C s cong nghe gia cong CNC Pham vi ng dung cua mui chong tam co nh b gii han rat ln. Chung ch c dung khi gia cong vi chieu sau cat nho, bi v chung b sinh nhiet va mon nhanh.
Hnh 141 Mui tam co nh
Hnh 142 Mui tam co nh loai vat au
Toc kep co vong bao ve (xem hnh 143) dung e nh tam thong qua mui tam va kep hng knh bang mot bu-long kep. Do o co the truyen c momen quay ln va at c cong suat cao hn.
Mam toc Toc kep Chi tiet gia cong
Hnh 143 Toc kep co vong bao ve
Kep bang truc ga bung

Truc ga bung dung e kep chi tiet (Co lo) t ben trong. Ngc lai so vi mam cap ch s dung truc ga bung cho cac chi tiet co lo nho. Chung c la chon da vao lo co san cua chi tiet can gia cong. Co hai loai: kep bung co nh va kep bung an hoi. Kep bung co nh co o con rat nho (1:2000) va c kep gia hai mui tam. Kep bung co nh ch dung e gia cong tinh v ch co kha nang chu ng c chieu sau cat nho. o ong tam cua hai tam quay phai c kiem tra trc khi s dung. Kep bung an hoi c ga vao con trong cua truc chnh. Pham vi kep c xac nh bi v tr kep c se ranh doc truc ga trong moi le thuoc vao o ong tam va kep eu chi tiet. Qua trnh kep dien ra bi sc ep ien ay cua phan con.
Hnh 144 Truc ga bung
Vong kep Ong kep
Hnh 145 Truc ga bung Truc an hoi c ga gia hai mui tam va ch co pham vi kep nho. Nguyen tac hoat ong cua chung c hnh thanh bi s bung ra trong pham vi bien dang an hoi cua lp thanh mong bang vat lieu tong hp (khong xe ranh).
Kep bang mam hoa

Mam hoa co kha nang kep nhng chi tiet co hnh dang phc tap. Bon hoac nhieu hn na cac pt-tong c ieu chnh rieng le. Chung cung co the xoay. V tr kep lam viec co the kep ngoai hoac kep trong. Cac ranh kep co san dung e lap o ga va cac oi trong.
Hnh 146 Mam hoa vi 6 chau kep
Kep vi o ga tien
Mam lo vi cac lo ren ong vai tro than c ban cua o ga cho phep kep rat a dang. Tuy nhien dang kep nay nhat thiet phai chu y k lng ti s can oi oi trong, v neu khong truc chnh se quay khong can bang. ieu nay dan en ket qua gia cong khong chnh xac va trong trng hp nghiem trong co the gay h hong may.
Chi tiet Than ga on kep oi trong
Hnh 147 o ga tien
Kep vi s ho tr cua luy-net
Luy-net dung e kep nhng chi tiet dai, manh, e chong lai s uon cong chi tiet do lc cat va trong lng chi tiet.
Hnh 148 Luy-net t nh tam Chi tiet c kep gia hai mui tam va c phu bi luy-net
Hnh 148 Luy-net co nh
Cac dang va ac iem cua thiet b kep e phay
Trong phan nay nhieu thiet b kep khac nhau cho phay se c gii thieu. Co the phan biet cac hnh thai khac nhau cua thiet b kep nh sau: Kep bang E-to Kep bang ban t tnh Kep bang modul ga Kep bang E-to 1. E -to co the c quay tng goc 900 tren ban may. 2. V tr co the c thay oi. 3. Chi tiet c kep co the dch chuyen doc theo truc x va z.
Kep bang ban t tnh 1. V tr cua chi tiet tren ban may co the c xac nh mot cach t do.
Kep bang modul ga 1. V tr cua chi tiet tren ban may co the thay oi. 2. Cac phan t kep co the c xac nh nh la mot modul. V tr kep do ngi s dung xac nh.
C s cong nghe gia cong CNC Cac ranh T tren ban may phay la c s e kep chi tiet gia cong. Phu thuoc vao chi tiet gia cong c kep theo dang va cach thc nh the nao, co the phan biet gia cac thiet b kep nh sau: Thiet b kep c kh. Thiet b kep thuy lc. Thiet b kep kh nen. Thiet b kep bang ien.
Thiet b kep c kh Thiet b kep c kh thng hnh thanh t nhieu bo phan n khac nhau, v du nh on kep, goi va bu-long kep vi au T.
Chi tiet gia cong on kep Goi Ban may
4
Hnh 150 on kep va goi
e cac chi tiet gia cong nang thng s dung cac goi ta.
Goi ta
1 2 3 4
Chi tiet gia cong on kep Goi Ban may
5
Hnh 151 on kep, Goi va goi ta
C s cong nghe gia cong CNC Dung tam kep mong e kep nhng chi tiet gia cong mong va be mat cua no phai c e trong cho dao vao gia cong
Chi tiet gia cong Tam kep mong
Hnh 152 Tam kep mong
Vi s ho tr cua au phan o vi mam xoay, cac chi tiet co the c gia cong nhanh chong cac canh oi xng khac nhau. Cung co the ga mam cap len tren au phan o e gia cong chnh xac cac chi tiet co dang tron xoay.
Hnh 153 au phan o vi mam xoay
C s cong nghe gia cong CNC E-to may E-to may s dung de dang va chac chan, c dung e kep nhng chi tiet nho. Viec canh chnh chi tiet th nhat dien ra vi s ho tr cua ong ho so.
Hnh 154 E -to may
Qua trnh kep e-to may c minh hoa trong hnh sau.
Hnh 155 Lc kep trong e-to may E-to a nang co the quay ngang hoac thang ng. Lc kep c tao ra thng bang tay. Tuy nhien con co nhng e-to tao ra lc kep bang thuy lc va kh nen.
Hnh 156 E -to a nang
Thiet b kep thuy lc va kh nen

Nhng e-to NC co o chnh xac cao, tao ra lc kep bang cac xy-lanh thuy lc va kh nen, c s dung cho may cong cu-CNC. Cac e-to NC van hanh bang kh nen, co o chnh xac cao cho phep rut ngan thi gian ong va m e-to. Tuy nhien ap lc hoat ong nho nen khong the at c lc kep ln. e tao ra lc kep ln ta dung thiet b kep thuy lc, co thiet b ieu chnh ap lc e tao ra lc kep theo yeu cau.
Hnh 157 E -to thuy lc Cau tao cua mot e-to thuy lc c minh hoa trong hnh sau.
1 Ham kep co nh 4 Phan than di ong 7 Than e-to Hnh 158 E -to thuy lc
2 Ham kep di ong 5 Truc vt-me 8 Lo xo
3 Bo phan thuy lc 6 ai oc
Thiet b kep bang t tnh

Chi tiet gia cong bang sat co the c kep bang ban t tnh. Chi tiet b hut vao ban kep sau khi dong ien c m va co the lay chi tiet mot cach de dang sau khi tat dong ien.
Hnh 159 Ban t tnh Luyen tap CNC: Trung tam ao tao Viet-c; Nguyen Anh Tuan. 03.2001 MTS GmbH 1997
C s cong nghe gia cong CNC Thiet lap mot mam cap Mo ta 1. Goi menu tien-CNC. 2. Chon menu thiet lap cong nghe. Nhap
F1 F3 F1
(TOPTURN) (Setup mode)
3. Goi menu thiet b ga.
(Part chuck)
4. Chon dang kep.
F3
F1 F8
(Change jaws) hoac chon
F2
va
(Aceppt) chap nhan
5. Chon menu managment.
F5
(Managm. menu)
6. Goi menu thiet lap mam cap.
hoac chon
, va
(Create chack) Chap nhan.
F1
7. Chon d lieu co san cho mam cap, V du: SP 315 - 90 3.
F7
(Default data) vi hoac chon , va vi
(Create default) chap nhan.
F8
8. Chon tr giup o hoa cho cac kch thc.
F2
(Help graphic)
9. Nhap cac d lieu cho mam cap.
vi phm TAB e chon vung nhap va ghi cac d lieu bang ban phm. Chap nhan vi
F8
10. Thoat khoi menu thiet lap mam cap.
E SC
(Create chuck)
F8
F8 F8
(Return) (Return) (Accept)
Luyen tap CNC:

Thiet lap mot u ong Mo ta 1. Goi cau hnh t menu chnh. 2. Chon may tien MTS. Nhap
F5
(Configuration) hoac chon
F1
F5
F2
3. Goi quan tr cau hnh.
(Config managment)
4. Thiet lap cau hnh mi.
F1
(Create)
5. Nhap ten mi, v du DS2.
Nhap ten bang ban phm DS2.
F8
6. Chon d lieu co san, May tien MTS 6.
(Create)
hoac chon (Default)
F8
7. Chon muc cau hnh Reitstock.
F1
hoac chon
F2
8. Thay oi d lieu u ong.
F4
(Change point)
9. Nhap d lieu u ong
F1
hoac chon
F2
cho tng muc.
Nhap cac d lieu bang ban phm. Mit (Accept & Return) Chap nhan cac thay oi.
F8
10. Thoat khoi menu cau hnh may tien.
F8 F8
(Accept & Return) (Accept & Quit)
Thiet lap E -to

Mo ta 1. Goi phay CNC t menu chnh Nhap
F2 F3 F1
(TOPMILL)
(Setup mode)
3. Goi menu thiet b ga.
(Part/Vice)
4. Chon menu kep 5. Chon dang kep. 6. Chon menu managment.
F3
F1 F5 F5
(Change jaws) (Jaw chucking) (Managm. menu)
7. Chon menu thiet lap o ga
(Create chuck)
C s cong nghe gia cong CNC 8. Chon d lieu co san, cho E-to MAX.
F7
(Default data) Mit hoac chon , va vi
(Create default) chap nhan.
F8
9. Tao lap e-to.
Vi Chon muc va nhap d lieu bang ban phm Dung phm TAB chon d lieu tng thch
F8
10. Thoat khoi menu tao lap thiet b ga.
ESC
(Create chuck) chap nhan.
F8 F8 F8
(Return) (Return) (Accept)
Kiem tra kien thc C s cong nghe 1. He thong dung cu tren may tien-CNC hnh thanh t nhng bo phan nao? 2. Tai sao manh hp kim cng c s dung nhieu cho gia cong tren may cong cu CNC? 3. Neu khai quat pham vi ng dung cua cac loai hp kim? 4. Giai thch y ngha cua goc sau dung cu cat got? 5. Goc trc ln hn co u iem g trong qua trnh cat? 6. Goc trc ln hn co nhc iem g trong qua trnh cat? 7. Khi nao oi hoi goc trc am? 8. Goc nghieng co y ngha g trong qua trnh cat? 9. Nhiem vu: Tnh so vong quay? Mot truc ng knh d = 80mm can c tien tho vi van toc cat Vc = 120m/ph. 10. Nhiem vu: Tnh van toc cat? Chi tiet dang a ng knh d = 250mm c tien vi n = 100/ph. Tnh van toc cat V c tai ng knh ln nay? 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. Neu nhiem vu cua thiet b kep? Neu cac dang khac nhau cua mam cap? Nhng bo phan nao uc kep tren mam hoa? Khi nao luy-net co nh c s dung? Neu cac dang khac nhau cua eto tr lc bang kh nen va thuy lc? Neu cac dang o ga kep tren may phay? Neu u iem cua o ga?
Lap trnh NC can ban
4 Khai quat ve lap trnh NC 4.1 To chc va trnh t cong viec lap trnh NC thu cong
So sanh cong viec chuan b gia cong tren may CNC va may van nang
San xuat tren may CNC co nhieu u iem hn so vi san xuat tren may c on g cu van nang, v du thi gian gia cong ngan hn va nang suat cao hn. e co the s dung hieu qua cac u iem nay, cong viec chuan b phai c thc hien sao cho phu hp. Muc ch cua cong viec san xuat la gi cho thi gian gia cong chnh tren may cong cu cang cao cang tot. Tuy nhien e at c ieu nay th nhieu hoat ong mang tch ke hoach phai c thc hien. Tren may cong cu van nang, ngi cong nhan ch co the hoac san xuat hoac lap ke hoach. Tuy nhien may cong cu CNC chay t ong, do vay ngi cong nhan co the ong thi thiet lap cac ke hoach. ay la nguyen nhan dan en thi gian gia cong chnh tren may cong cu CNC cao hn. Khi san xuat bang may cong cu van nang, ban ve che tao, trnh t cong viec va nhiem vu san xuat phai c san sang cho ngi cong nhan. T o ngi cong nhan phai lap ke hoach chi tiet cho tng bc cong viec va chon la dung cu cat. V khong the o dung cu cat tren may cong cu van nang, nen moi bc cong viec phai ra chuan cho dung cu va tiep o chi tiet phai c o lai. Nhng bc nay khong can thiet na khi s dung may cong cu CNC, tuy nhien e thc hien ieu nay dung cu cat phai c o va hieu chnh trc.
Nhieu cong viec chuan b cho CNC co the c chuyen giao cho may thc hien. Muc ch la: e chuan b san sang ay u cac d lieu, dung cu cat va thiet b kep cung nh phoi cho nhiem vu san xuat; e co the bat au trc tiep cong viec hieu chnh may moc thiet b va gia cong. Nhiem vu chuan b gia cong c chia ra theo cac pham vi nh sau: Thiet lap tai lieu can thiet o dung cu cat Quan tr dung cu cat va thiet b kep va San sang tat ca cac tai lieu va thiet b phu tr.
Cac d lieu can thiet cho gia cong tren may cong cu CNC phai c chuan b t m hn so vi san xuat tren may cong cu van nang. Tao ra cac d lieu nay oi hoi nhieu thi gian hn, tuy nhien chung cho phep dung ngay cho cac cong viec lap lai. Ben canh chng trnh NC mot phieu cong nghe c thiet lap e hieu chnh may cong cu CNC. Tat ca cac thong tin ve dung cu cat c s dung va v tr kep chi tiet c cho trong phieu nay. May cong cu CNC co kha nang t ong o dung cu cat va s dung de dang cac dung cu nay tren nhieu may khac nhau. Quan tr dung cu cat va thiet b kep trong chuan b cong viec gia cong tren may CNC rat a dang, v the thng co nhieu dung cu va thiet b kep c s dung hn tren may cong cu van nang ong thi c mo ta chi tiet hn. D lieu c lu tr trong cac bo tr dung cu cat va thiet b kep. S san sang ong bo cac d lieu, dung cu cat a hieu chnh va cac thiet b tr giup tao ieu kien ieu chnh nhanh cho may cong cu CNC. Muc ch la giam thi gian dng cua may va do o lam tang thi gian gia cong chnh.
Lap trnh NC can ban
Trnh t to chc lap trnh NC

Chng trnh NC co the c thiet lap nhieu cac bo phan khac nhau. V vay can phan biet cac dang lap trnh NC sau: Thiet lap chng trnh bo phan chuan b san xuat (Lap trnh AV) va Thiet lap chng trnh trong pham vi xng (Lap trnh xng).
Trat t to chc cua hai dang nay c minh hoa trong hnh sau.
Pham vi
He thong
Thiet ke
CAD/NC-Modul
Thiet ke
Bo phan lap trnh chuan b san xuat He thong lap trnh NC
Nhan vien lap trnh

V tr lap trnh, ieu khien CNC
Phan xng
Ky s cong nghe, ngi van hanh may

Hnh 160 Trat t to chc lap trnh NC
Thiet lap chng trnh bo phan chuan b san xuat

Tat ca cac bien phap ke hoach hoa c thc hien bo phan chuan b san xuat e thc hien nhiem vu gia cong. Bien phap ke hoach nay la sap at trc thi gian cho viec gia cong. V bo phan nay nam ngoai pham vi xng nen ngi ta cung goi la lap trnh t ben ngoai. Chng trnh NC c tao ra bi cac lap trnh vien-NC, ho a c ao tao sau cho lap trnh NC. Phan nhieu ho lam viec tai v tr lap trnh va thiet lap chng trnh bang may. ay chng trnh khong ch c tao ra ma con c quan ly theo trat t nhat nh. Chng trnh c dan vao may cong cu CNC bi mang van hanh DNC. Thiet lap chng trnh trong bc chuan b san xuat ch co li khi: Quy mo chng trnh NC ln hoac Chng trnh NC cho cac chi tiet phc tap phai c thiet lap, neu Nhieu chng trnh NC phai c quan ly hoac Khi trong phan xng co nhieu may cong cu CNC
Nhc iem: Chng trnh NC phai c toi u hoa tren may cong cu CNC va ch co moi lien he rat t vi xng. Trung tam ao tao Viet c; Nguyen Anh Tuan. 03. 2001 MTS GmbH 1997
Lap trnh NC can ban
Thiet lap chng trnh trong pham vi xng

Neu chng trnh NC c thiet lap trong pham vi xng, th ngi ta goi o la lap trnh ben may. Chng trnh NC co the c tao ra trc tiep tren may hoac tai v tr lap trnh gan ben may. Chng trnh NC c tao ra trong pham v i xng va bc chuan b san xuat c kiem tra trc tiep va toi u hoa trc tiep tren may cong cu CNC bi ngi van hanh khi ieu chnh may. Thiet lap chng trnh trong pham vi xng ch co li khi: Ngi cong nhan xng co kinh nghiem, Chng trnh NC ngan hoac Phai thiet lap chng trnh NC cho cac chi tiet n gian Ch co mot vai may cong cu CNC hoac Chng trnh NC co san va nhan c mot cach nhanh chong.
Nhc iem: Nhan s xng phai c ao tao chuyen sau va Thi gian lap trnh dai dan en may phai dng tng ng.
Phan biet gia lap trnh thu cong va lap trnh may
Trng hp lap trnh thu cong, ngi lap trnh viet chng trnh NC trc tiep di dang de hieu bi mot trong nhieu he ieu khien CNC. o moi bc phai c lap trnh rieng va may CNC thc hien tng bc o. Tuy theo kha nang cua he ieu khien CNC va tnh phc tap ve hnh hoc cua chi tiet m a phai thc hien tnh toan mat nhieu hay t thi gian. Vi cach thc nay cac loi co the xay ra hoac cac va cham v du vi thiet b kep khong the nhan biet t ong. e kiem tra chng trnh NC thong thng cac he ieu khien CNC c tch hp cac mo phong, nh no ma chuyen ong cua dung cu c mo ta. Trng hp lap trnh may, ngi lap trnh c ho tr bi mot he thong lap trnh. He thong nay am nhan cac cong viec kinh nghiem thng cha cac loi lap trnh thu cong, v du nh tnh toan cac toa o va cac thong so che o cat. S khac nhau c ban so vi lap trnh thu cong hnh thanh cho, khong mo ta hanh trnh dung cu tng bc ma la chi tiet can c nhn nh trong gia cong. Them vao o la s tach biet ro rang gia cac d lieu cong nghe va hnh hoc. Qua trnh cong viec lap trnh may c mo ta trnh t nh sau: 1. Trong bc th nhat chi tiet c mo ta d ang hnh hoc. Quan trong la mo ta hnh dang chi tiet gia cong ong thi cung mo ta hnh dang phoi. 2. Tiep o xac nh cac bc gia cong. He thong lap trnh ho tr ngi lap trnh la chon dung cu thch hp cho gia cong va t ong tnh toan cac thong so che o cat can thiet. 3. Cuoi cung chng trnh NC c thiet lap cho may cong cu CNC vi he ieu khien CNC tng ng, sau o chng trnh c tai ti may gia cong.
Lap trnh NC can ban Lap trnh CNC co the c thc hien vi cac phng phap khac nhau a iem khac nhau. S o sau trnh bay khai quat nhng kha nang nay.
Lap trnh-NC
a iem lap trnh
WOP Xng
Ngoai xng
Van phong
T/chuan DIN 66025
May tnh c ng dung
PC trong CNC
PC ngoai CNC
PC (May tnh)
May tnh ln
Phng tien ho tr lap trnh Phng tien ho tr kiem tra Giai thch
Teach-in Play back
o hoa, Chu trnh Mo phong
o hoa, Chu trnh, C/Nghe
o hoa, Chu trnh
He thong CAD/CAM
May Tay may Chi tiet
o hoa Man hnh Mo phong
o hoa, Man hnh,M/phong May in
o hoa, Man hnh,M/phong May in
Man hnh, Mo phong o hoa ong, May + chi tiet
Lap trnh tren may
Lap trnh tren may cho lien ket CNC va may chuyen biet
Lap trnh tren may cho tng may bi s dung PP
Phan mem lap trnh chuyen nghiep/van nang Xuat ra moi may/ To hp CNC
ng dung Hnh hoc-CAD, Cong nghe c bo xung sau o May tnh ln cho dang hnh hoc, PC hoac CNC cho cong nghe
He thong lap trnh
Phan mem CNC vi WOP- Nhap thu cong
May tnh vi phan mem lap trnh chuyen nghiep/van nang
Hnh 161 Trnh t cac phng phap va he thong lap trnh NC
Lap trnh NC can ban
Trnh t nguyen tac lap trnh NC bang phng phap thu cong tai v tr lap trnh
Gia cong tren may cong cu CNC oi hoi qua trnh chuan b gia cong va ke hoach k lng. Tat ca cac hoat ong ma ngi cong nhan thc hien tren may iten hay may phay van nang phai c suy ngh va mo ta trc bi ngi lap trnh cho gia cong tren may cong cu CNC. Khi lap trnh bang phng phap thu cong, ngi lap trnh trnh bay ro rang va chnh xac nhiem vu gia cong trong chng trnh NC, ma khong co s tr giup t he thong lap trnh. Nguyen tac lap trnh NC bang phng phap thu cong bao gom cac bc sau: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Khang nh trnh t gia cong Xac nh dung cu cat can thiet Tnh toan cac thong so cong nghe Tnh toan cac thong so hnh hoc Thiet lap chng trnh NC cho tng bc gia cong Kiem tra chng trnh NC
Cac nhiem vu can thc hien c mo ta trong hnh 162 sau:
Cac gia oan lap trnh NC
Chuan b lap trnh

Thu nhap d lieu Kiem tra d lieu Chuan b d lieu Kiem tra tnh tng thch
Thiet lap cac vat tr tin NC
Lap ke hoach gia cong

Chi tiet hoa cac gia oan gia cong Phng an kep Xac nh dung cu Xac nh o ga
Thiet lap bi Ke hoach gia cong Phieu hieu chnh dung cu cat Phng an kep Chng trng NC
Xac nh thong so cong nghe Xac nh thong so hnh hoc

Xac nh dung cu cat Kiem tra s va cham
Lap trnh theo cac ma lenh

Thiet lap chng trnh Kiem tra chng trnh
Th nghiem chng trnh

Mo phong Chay th Toi u hoa chng trnh Hieu chnh chng trnh
Hnh 162 Cac giai oan lap trnh NC
Lap trnh NC can ban Khang nh trnh t gia cong Viec xac nh tien trnh gia cong phai c cau truc hoa cho chng trnh NC c tao ra. Ngi lap trnh xac nh trnh t gia cong da tren ban ve che tao. Ngoai ra phai xac nh phng a n kep can thiet va thiet b kep s dung cho phng an kep cung nh tng bc gia cong trong trnh t gia cong. Xac nh cac dung cu cat can thiet Ngi lap trnh xac nh dung cu cat can thiet cho tng bc gia cong. Dung cu cat c la chon t ngan hang dung cu cat. Tnh toan cac thong so cong nghe Thong so che o cat co lien quan en vat lieu gia cong va dung cu cat phai c xac nh cho tng bc gia cong. Tnh toan cac thong so hnh hoc Cac toa o can thiet cho chng trnh gia cong c lay t ban ve che tao hoac phai c tnh toan them t cac toa o a biet. Thiet lap chng trnh gia cong cho tng bc gia cong Vi s ho tr cua cac thong so hnh hoc va thong so cong nghe a xac nh trc ay, tng cac bc lap trnh c ghi lai trong phieu lap trnh. Kiem tra chng trnh NC Cac chuyen ong dch chuyen c mo phong tren may cong cu CNC e kiem tra va phat hien cac loi cua chng trnh.
Lap trnh NC can ban
am bao chat lng trong gia cong CNC

Chi tiet gia cong tren may cong cu van nang b phu thuoc trc tien vao trnh o va nang lc cua ngi van hanh may. Trai lai, ngi ta co the gia cong tren may cong cu CNC cac chi tiet ong nhat vi nhau trong suot thi gian dai vi chat lng nh nhau. Cac yeu to sau co the anh hng en chat lng cua chi tiet gia cong: Chng trnh NC a c thiet lap, o mon cua li cat (tuoi ben cua li cat), Vat lieu chi tiet gia cong (tnh chat va hnh dang), May CNC (o chnh xac va o on nh), Anh hng cua moi trng (tac ong thay oi cua nhiet o) Trang thai cua ngi van hanh (phat hien loi, ma nhng loi nay dan ti giam thieu chat lng)
Kha nang anh hng chat lng Ngi ta co the gian thieu cac yeu to anh hng en chat lng nh the nao? Th nghiem, toi u hoa chng trnh Nc a thiet lap va cho chay can than chi tiet gia cong au tien cung nh thc hien cac cong viec hieu chnh cu the va can thiet cho o chnh xac cua cac kch thc gia cong. o mon cua dung cu cat co the c giam sat tren may CNC. Chc nang giam sat nay c thc hien bi he ieu khien CNC, v du mot dung cu cat khi a at c tuoi ben toi a, th no c t ong thay the bang mot dung cu cat tng t. Mot kha nang khac e xac nh o mon da vao lc cat tang. May CNC hien ai c trang b mot may o lc cat. Khi lc cat tang qua gii han cai at th viec thay dung cu se c thc hien t ong. Cac sai lech kch thc co the nhan biet c bi he thong o a tch hp. Viec o chi tiet c thc hien trong qua trnh gia cong v du: mot au o (xem hnh 163) gan tren au revolve may tien CNC vao v tr o (khong b va cham). Trong trnh t chu t rnh gia cong chi tiet mot bc o a c thiet lap vao thc hien t ong. Chng trnh o CNC cho phep quyet nh thc hien cho he ieu khien CNC.
1
au o Dung cu cat
3 2
Hnh 163 o chi tiet trong qua trnh gia cong o va kiem tra chnh xac vi k thuat o va kiem tra a nh chuan. ao tao nhan s van hanh may. ieu hoa nhiet o cho khong gian xng. Chu y chat lng khi mua va lap at may.
au rvolve
Thc tap xng Tuy kha nang cu the nen cho hoc vien tiep can vi cac phng phap lap trnh khac nhau va to chc lu tr chng trnh NC cung nh ngan hang dao cu va thiet b ga. Trung tam ao tao Viet c; Nguyen Anh Tuan. 03. 2001 MTS GmbH 1997
Lap trnh NC can ban
4.2 C s lap trnh NC

Chng trnh NC hnh thanh t mot chuoi cac cau lenh, chung dung e ieu khien may cong cu CNC gia cong mot chi tiet cu the. Chng trnh gia cong nay cha mot lenh vi cac thong tin tng ng cho moi qua trnh gia cong tren may cong cu CNC. Cac lenh nay c ma hoa di dang cac ch so, co ngha la chung hnh thanh t cac ch cai, ch so va cac ky hieu. Tieu chuan hoa lap trnh NC (ISO) Tieu chuan ISO-6983 a th nghiem e thong nhat lap trnh NC cua cac may trong lanh vc san xuat. Tuy nhien ngi ta gii han cac lenh cung nh cau truc chung cua mot chng trnh NC. Cac nha san xuat he ieu khien CNC co mot pham vi rong cho viec thiet lap cac lenh NC rieng biet trong he ieu khien cua ho. Cau truc chung cua mot chng trnh NC theo tieu chuan ISO-6983 c mo ta theo trnh t sau. Cau truc c ban cua mot chng trnh NC Cau truc c ban cua mot chng trnh NC c tieu chuan theo ISO-6983 va c mo ta nh sau: Cau truc chng trnh NC Mot chng trnh NC hoan chnh bao gom cac phan sau: %TP0147 N10 G54 X80 Y100 M au chng trnh Trnh t cac cau lenh NC vi cac thong tin gia cong va N75 G01 Z-10 F0.3 S1800 T03 M08 N435 M30 Hnh 164 Cau truc mot chng trnh NC Bat au chng trnh hnh thanh t mot ky hieu hoac mot lenh (v du: %) no bao cho he ieu khien CNC biet se co mot chng trnh NC theo sau. Ngoai ra dong au tien cua chng trnh NC cung cho biet ten cua chng trnh (v du TP0147). Hai ac iem nay lam nhiem vu quan ly, lu tr chng trnh NC cung nh e goi chung trong he ieu khien CNC. Ten cua chng trnh NC co the gom cac ky hieu ch hoac so. Thong thng ten cua chng trnh NC co 2-6 ky t va thng c dung e nhan biet chng trnh. Mot chng trnh NC hnh thanh t mot chuoi hp l cac cau lenh. Chung cha cac thong tin ve cong nghe, hnh dang hnh hoc va k thuat cua chng trnh. He ieu khien CNC can cac thong tin nay cho tng bc gia cong. Ket thuc chng trnh c lap trnh bi lenh M30 hoac M02. Tat ca nhng cai g ng mo ta trc ky hieu % e bnh luan chng trnh, c he ieu khien bo qua. Tat ca cac giai thch can thiet nay tao ieu kien mang lai s ro rang cho chng trnh hoac chi tiet. C ac li chu thch dien giai cung cho phep co ngay trong mot chng trnh, dung e giai thch cac cau lenh ac biet, tuy nhien nhng li chu thch nay phai c at trong dau ngoac n. lenh ket thuc chng trnh
Lap trnh NC can ban Cau truc cua mot cau lenh Moi mot c au lenh NC bao gom so cua cau lenh, mot so cac t lenh cung nh mot dau hieu ieu khien rieng biet dung e bao cho he ieu khien CNC biet cau lenh NC a ket thuc. Dau hieu ieu khien nay c k hieu la LF (Line Feed). No c t ong tao ra trong chng trnh NC khi nhan phm Chap nhan cua he ieu khien CNC hoac phm Enter tren ban phm may tnh (PC). N75 So th t cau lenh G01 T lenh Z-10.75 T lenh F0.3 T lenh S1800 T lenh T03 T lenh M08 T lenh LF Ky hieu ket thuc cau lenh
Hnh 165 Cau truc cua mot cau lenh Cau truc cua mot t lenh Mot t lenh hnh thanh t mot ch cai a ch va mot con so (Mang dau + hoac dau -). Y ngha va trnh t cua cac t lenh c ch nh trong ch dan lap trnh cua tng he ieu khien CNC. Moi con so se tuy thuoc ch cai a ch ma co y ngha hoac la mot ma lenh hoac la mot gia tr. V du N75 G01 a ch N G So 75 01 Y ngha So 75 mo ta so cua cau lenh NC cho a ch N So 01 co y ngha la mot ma lenh cho a ch G. Lenh NC-G01 cho biet Hanh trnh cua dung cu cat la ng thang vi lng chay dao So -10.75 co y ngha la mo t gia tr cho a ch Z. Z-10.75 co y ngha trong moi tng quan vi lenh NC- G01 cua cau lenh a cho. Dung cu can chay ti v tr Z = -10.75 trong he toa o tc thi cua chi tiet.
Z-10.75
-10.75
Hnh 166 Cau truc cua mot t lenh Dang cho cua con so phu thuoc vao tng he ieu khien CNC, v du Z-35.5 tng ng vi toa o iem ch Z-035.500. Hau het cac he ieu khien CNC cho phep bo dau + trong chng trnh NC. Thong thng, co the c phan biet 3 nhom t lenh trong mot cau lenh NC: ieu kien ve hanh trnh G00 G01 G02 G54 Hnh 167 Cac nhom t lenh cua chng trnh X Y Z Cho biet cac toa o F S T M Cac chc nang cong nghe va phu tr
Lap trnh NC can ban Th t cua cac t lenh trong mot cau lenh NC c ch nh nh sau: a ch 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. N G X, Y, va Z I, J, va K F S T M Y ngha So th t cua cau lenh ieu kien ve hanh trnh Cac toa o Cac tham so noi suy Bc tien (Feed) So vong quay (Speed) V tr dung cu cat (Tool) Chc nang phu tr
Hnh 168 Th t cua cac t lenh Trong mot cau lenh cac t lenh nao o khong can thiet th co the bo qua. So th t cua cau lenh N T lenh au tien cua cau lenh la so h t t e nhan biet mot cau lenh. No ch co the c cho mot lan. So cua cau lenh khong anh hng en viec thi hanh cua tng cau lenh, bi v no c goi theo trnh t a cho cua no trong he ieu khien. ieu kien ve hanh trnh G ieu kien ve hanh trnh xac nh cung vi cac t lenh cho cac toa o c s hnh hoc chi tiet cua chng trnh NC. ieu kien ve hanh trnh bao gom a ch G va mot ma lenh vi 2 ch so. Toa o X, Y, Z Cac toa o X, Y va Z xac nh toa o iem ch can thiet. Tham so noi suy I, J, K Cac tham so noi suy I, J, K c dung e xac nh tam cua cac chuyen ong tron va thng c nhap theo gia tr tng oi. Bc tien F Toc o dch chuyen cua dung cu cat c lap trnh bang chc nang F. Bc tien cua dung cu cat F thng nhap theo n v mm/phut. Trong tien, bc tien F(mm/vong) co lien quan en so vong quay truc chnh cung co the c s dung. So vong quay S Chc nang S c dung e nhap so vong quay cua truc chnh. Co the c lap trnh trc tiep theo n v vong/phut. V tr dung cu cat T a ch T cung vi mot ma lenh dung e ch nh dung cu cat. Y ngha cua a ch nay thng khac nhau cac he ieu khien khac nhau va co the co cac nhiem vu sau: Lu tr kch thc cua dung cu cat trong bo lu tr hieu chnh dung cu cat va Goi dung cu cat t o cha dao.
Chc nang phu tr M Chc nang phu tr con goi la chc nang tr giup no cha cac thong so cong nghe va ch c lap trnh ngay sau cac t lenh v du cac a ch F, S, T. Cac chc nang phu tr nay c nhap theo a ch M va mot ma lenh vi 2 ch so.
Lap trnh NC can ban
So sanh ma lenh NC cua cac he ieu khien CNC khac nhau

Cac lenh c ban c tieu chuan hoa trong ISO-6983. Cac nha san xuat he ieu khien CNC a bo xung them cac lenh hoac cac lenh c ban rieng cua ho. Bang di ay so sanh cac ma lenh cua cac he ieu khien CNC khac nhau. Mo ta Chay dao nhanh Noi suy ng thang vi bc tien Noi suy cung cung chieu kim ong ho Noi suy cung ngc chieu kim ong ho Thi gian dng (Tre) Dng chnh xac oi n v o kch thc qua inch oi n v o kch thc qua mm Goi chng trnh con Lap lai oan chng trnh Huy hieu chnh ban knh dung cu cat Hieu chnh ban knh dung cu cat ben trai ng bien dang Hieu chnh ban knh dung cu cat ben phai ng bien dang Vao va ra dao song song ng bien dang Vao va ra dao theo ng bien dang na ng tron Vao va ra dao theo ng bien dang mot phan t ng tron Huy dch chuyen iem 0 tng oi at iem 0 tuyet oi Dch chuyen iem 0 tng oi Lap trnh kch thc tuyet oi Lap trnh kch thc tng oi Bc tien mm/phut Bc tien mm/vong Chu trnh khoan (Phay) Chu trnh phay ho vuong Chu trnh gia cong tho boc lp hnh vuong Chu trnh gia cong tho song song ng bien dang Chu trnh tien ranh Toa o X Tam ng tron theo hng Z So vong quay Bc tien Chon mot dung cu M truc chnh quay phai M nc lam mat Ket thuc chng trnh Luyen tap CNC Trung tam ao tao Viet c; Nguyen Anh Tuan. 03. 2001 MTS GmbH 1997 MTS G00 G01 G02 G03 G04 G09 G20 G21 G22 G23 G40 G41 G42 G45 G46 G47 G53 G54 G59 G90 G91 G94 G95 G81 G87 G76 G83 G79 X K S F T M3 M8 M30 M30 L93 X K S F T M3 X CC... S F TOOL CALL M3 M8 M30 L95 G348/G349 G247/G248 SINUMERIK G00 G01 G02 G03 G04 G09/G60(modal) G70 G71 L...(P...) G40 G41 G42 MOD-Funktion MOD-Funktion CALL LBL... CALL LBL..REP.. DEP... RL RR APPR/DEP LT APPR/DEP CT APPR/DEP CT CYCL DEF 7.0 ... G54...G57 G58/G59 G90 G91 G94 G95 CYCL DEF 1.0 ... CYCL DEF 4.0 ... CYCL DEF 7.0 ... HEIDENHAIN L... F MAX L... F... C... DRC... DR+
Lap trnh NC can ban Hay cho biet y ngha tng ng cua cac cau lenh e gia cong tinh chi tiet Tien trong chng trnh NC sau:
Cau lenh so Lenh

O 0300 N05 T0404 G96 S140 M4 N10 N15 G92 S3000 G0 X20 Z2 M8 N20 G1 X20 Z0 G42 N25 G3 X28 Z-4 I0 K-4 N30 N35 G1 Z-28 G2 X34 Z-31 I3 K0 N40 G1 X38 Z-33 N45 G1 Z-53 N50 G1 X44 N55 G3 Tam ng tron theo hng X M truc chnh quay trai Gii han so vong quay Ten chng trnh Chon dung cu so 4 M on nh van toc cat
Mo ta
Lap trnh NC can ban X50 Z-56 I0 K-3 N60 G1 Z-64 N65 G2 X62 Z-70 I6 K0 N70 N75 G1 X66 G1 X71 Z-72 N80 N85 N90 G1 X76 G40 G0 X200 Z200 M5 M9 N95 M30 Dng truc chnh Tat nc lam mat
Hay cho biet y ngha tng ng cua cac cau lenh e gia cong chi tiet Phay trong chng trnh NC sau: Trung tam ao tao Viet c; Nguyen Anh Tuan. 03. 2001 MTS GmbH 1997
Lap trnh NC can ban Cau lenh so Lenh FX100 N05 G54 X+145.000 Y+090.000 Z+114.000 N10 T0101 M03 S1600 N15 G00 X-030.000 Y-030.000 N20 Z-006.000 M08 N30 G41 G47 A+022.000 G01 X+010.000 Y-002.000 F250.000 N35 N40 Y+082.000 G02 X+018.000 Y+090.000 B+008.000 N45 N50 G01 X+082.000 G02 X+090.000 Y+082.000 B+008.000 N55 N60 G01 Y+018.000 G02 X+082.000 Y+010.000 B+008.000 N65 G01 Ban knh Ban knh Ban knh Ban knh cua cung tron mot phan t Ten chng trnh at iem 0 tuyet oi Mo ta
Lap trnh NC can ban X+018.000 N70 G02 X+010.000 Y+018.000 B+008.000 N75 G03 X-010.000 Y+048.000 B+030.000 N80 G40 G47 A+022.000 N85 G00 Z+100.000 M05 M09 N90 M30 Dng truc chnh Tat nc lam mat
Thc tap xng Goi va gia cong mot chng trnh NC a co san tren may phay CNC. ac biet chu y lam quen bang ieu khien vi cac k hieu rieng cua nha che tao.
Lap trnh NC can ban
4.3 Khai quat ve lap trnh NC thu cong

Cac bc lap trnh thu cong
Cac bc lap trnh NC thu cong c phan chia theo bon bc sau: 1. Phan tch ban ve che tao 2. Xac nh trnh t gia cong 3. La chon o ga va dung cu cat can thiet 4. Thiet lap chng trnh NC (Phieu lap trnh) Nhieu tai lieu phai c chu y va phan tch cung nh ke hoach thc hien nhiem vu gia cong phai c thiet lap (Xem hnh 169).
Nghien cu nhiem vu san xuat
Nghien cu ban ve chi tiet
Dung cu
Lap trnh vien
o ga
Trnh t cong vie c
Phieu cong nghe
Phieu lap trnh
Hnh 169 Cac bc lap trnh thu cong Phan tch ban ve chi tiet Cac thong tin ve hnh dang hnh hoc, cong nghe a hien hu trong ban ve (Xem hnh 170). Ta co the tiep nhan cac kch thc, o bong cung nh cac ch dan ve phng phap gia cong (V du Gia cong cat got, gia cong ren, o cng). Cac cong viec can thc hien, so lng chi tiet gia cong va thi gian gia cong c e cap trong nhiem vu san xuat.
Hnh 170 Ban ve che tao chi tiet tien
Hnh 171 Ban ve che tao chi tiet phay
Lap trnh NC can ban
Xac nh trnh t cong viec

Ban ve che tao va nhiem vu san xuat quyet nh tien trnh gia cong (Xem hnh 172). Tien trnh gia cong c ghi lai trong ban trnh t tng bc cong viec.
Dang c ban-Nr.: 4711 Hnh ve phac: Banh rang Trnh t cong viec c ban-Nr.: 007 Thi han: 13.03.91
Cac kch thc:

90 <= Da < 150 35 <= Di < 80 10 <= NB < 20 2 <= Z < 20
Da: = ng knh ngoai Di: = ng knh trong Z: = So rang NB: = Chieu rong ranh then Nhom Chi ph
Phoi:
Thanh tru tron Dr = 1.05 x Da Lr = L + 5 Vat lieu: C45
Dr: = ng knh phoi Lr: = Chieu dai phoi
AVO-Nr
Trnh t cong viec
Phng tien ho tr gia cong
Bc cong viec la chon Tieu chuan quyet nh
tr [ph]
Cong thc tnh cho thi gian chi tiet te [Ph/chi tiet] te = 0,5 x Dr te = 1,5 x (Dr - Da) + 0,1 x Lr te = 0,5 x So lo te = 0,5 x So lo te = 0,05 x So lo x Chieu sau lo
01 02 03 04
Ca va lay bavia phoi Tien va gia cong cac lo chnh Lay dau Gia cong cac lo phu Ban ve phac 120 <= Da < 240 und 30 <= L < 80 Co cac lo hng truc Co cac lo hng truc va cac lo <= 10 mm Co cac lo hng truc va cac lo > 10 mm
55/1 66/1
1101 1212 1300
3 12 0 2 2
71/1 72/2
1217 1217
Hnh 172 Nhiem vu san xuat Va xac nh trnh t gia cong (Xem hnh 173). Luc nay v tr kep phai c chu y ro rang. Nhng v tr kep phc tap hoac ao kep phai c ve phac hoa phng an kep.
Hnh 173 Trnh t cong viec
Lap trnh NC can ban
La chon thiet b kep va dung cu cat can thiet
Trong giai oan nay tat ca d lieu can thiet cho viec thc hien tng bc cong viec, c ghi lai trong ban trnh t cong viec e am bao gia cong ung chat lng (Xem hnh 173). Sau khi chon cac thiet b kep theo yeu cau, cac dung cu cat can thiet c la chon thch hp vi tng bc gia cong.
Hnh 174 Trnh t cong viec Tat ca cac d lieu can thiet cho viec hieu chnh may cong cu CNC c liet ke trong phieu cong nghe (Xem hnh 174). ac biet cac thong tin ve so hieu chng trnh va so hieu cua ban ve cung nh ten chi tiet gia cong tao ieu kien quan l tat ca cac tai lieu can thiet cho viec san xuat. Trng hp lap lai gia cong san pham thong qua s lu tr nay giup giam bt thi gian rat nhieu. Thiet lap chng trnh NC Ngi lap trnh viet chng trnh NC mot cach n gian bang tay da tren ban ve che tao va ban trnh t cong viec va ghi tng cau lenh cua chng trnh vao phieu lap trnh (Xem hnh 175). Phieu lap trnh nay tong hp cac tai lieu a hien hu. Do vay co the bat au ngay viec gia cong lap lai vi phieu cong nghe cua may.
Hnh 175 Phieu lap trnh
Lap trnh NC can ban
Lap trnh NC thu cong cho tien

Luyen tap CNC Thiet lap theo ch dan chng trnh NC cho gia cong tien CNC Nhiem vu: Thiet lap chng trnh NC e gia cong chi tiet sau:
Hnh 176 Thiet lap chng trnh NC theo cac bc sau: 1. 2. 3. 4. Xac nh trnh t cong viec Chon o ga va cac dung cu can thiet Thiet lap chng trnh NC Mo phong chng trnh NC
Lap trnh NC can ban
Xac nh trnh t cong viec

Trnh t cong viec gia cong mat th nhat TT 1 2 3 Trnh t KIEM TRA KCH THC PHOI KEP CHI TIET GIA CONG XAC NH IEM 0 CUA CHI TIET TIEN MAT AU DAO TIEN TRAI CL-SCLCR2020/R/1204 ISO30 T04 G96 F0.15 S140
3 2
Dung cu cat
V tr
Gia tr cat
Ve phac hoa
KHOAN NH TAM
LI KHOAN TAM CD-04.00/056/R/HSS ISO30
T09
G97 F0.16 S1800
KHOAN
LI KHOAN 14mm
XOAN
T07
G97 F0.22 S1000
DR14.00/108/R/HSS ISO30
TIEN THO DOC DAO TIEN TRAI TRUC BIEN DANG CL-SCLCRNGOAI 2020/R/1204 ISO30
T04
G96 F0.1 S140
TIEN TINH DOC DAO TIEN TRAI TRUC BIEN DANG CL-SVJCRNGOAI 2020/R/1604 ISO30
T02
G96 F0.1 S280
Lap trnh NC can ban Trnh t cong viec gia cong mat th hai TT 1 2 3 Trnh t KIEM TRA CHI TIET GIA CONG KEP CHI TIET GIA CONG XAC NH IEM 0 CUA CHI TIET Dung cu cat V tr Gia tr cat Ve phac hoa
1 2 3
TIEN MAT AU
DAO TIEN TRAI CL-SCLCR2020/R/1204 ISO30
T04
G96 F0.28 S140
TIEN THO DOC DAO TIEN TRAI TRUC BIEN DANG CL-SCLCRNGOAI 2020/R/1204 ISO30
T04
G96 F0.28 S140
KHOAN M RONG LI KHOAN LO 22mm DI-22.00/051/R/HMT ISO30
T12
G97 F0.2 S850
Lap trnh NC can ban 7 Tien tho bien dang DAO TIEN LO trong BI-SDQCL1212/L/0704 ISO30 T05 G96 F0.2 S120
Tien tinh bien dang DAO TIEN LO trong BI-SDQCL1212/L/0704 ISO30
T10
G96 F0.1 S220
Tien tinh bien dang DAO TIEN TRAI ngoai CL-SVJCR2020/R/1604 ISO30
T02
G96 F0.1 S280
Lap trnh NC can ban
Thiet lap may CNC (Phieu cong nghe)

Sau khi khi ong, mo phong MTS c thiet lap t ong vi phoi, o ga (Mam cap) va au revolve. Neu cac d lieu cong nghe khong c xac nh vi cac d lieu cong nghe hien co th ta phai thay oi trong thiet lap cong nghe.
Hnh 177 Lu o cac bc thiet lap cong nghe
Hnh 178 Menu thiet lap cong nghe Kep chi tiet
Phieu cong nghe e gia cong mat th nhat

CAU HNH MAY MTS TM -042x500x1000 HE IEU KHIEN MTS TM Control HNH TRU D075.000 L100.000 VAT LIEU AlMg 1::Aluminium TY TRONG 002.70 MAM CAP KFD-HS 160 CHAU KEP HM-160_200-02.001 CHIEU SAU KEP E1800 MAT CHUAN CUA PHOI: Z+228.000 U ONG D/CU CAT HIEN HANH T02 CAC DUNG CU CAT T02 T04 T05 T07 T09 T10 T12 D02 D04 D05 D07 D09 D10 D12 DAO TIEN TRAI DAO TIEN TRAI DAO TIEN LO MUI KHOAN XOAN MUI KHOAN TAM DAO TIEN LO MUI KHOET CL-SVJCR-2020/R/1604 ISO30 CL-SCLCR-2020/R/1204 ISO30 BI-SDQCL-1212/L/0704 ISO30 DR-14.00/108/R/HSS ISO30 CD-04.00/056/R/HSS ISO30 BI-SDQCL-1212/L/0704 ISO30 DI-22.00/051/R/HMT ISO30 V TR CUA U ONG Z+800.000
PHOI
CHI TIET TREN TRUC CHNH
HIEU CHNH D/CU R000.400 X+070.000 Z+043.000 G000.000 E052.000 I-000.400 K-000.400 R000.400 X+060.000 Z+043.000 G000.000 E005.000 I-000.400 K-000.400 R000.400 X-008.776 Z+160.000 G000.000 E017.500 I+000.400 K-000.400 R000.000 X+000.000 Z+180.000 G014.000 E000.000 I+000.000 K+000.000 R000.000 X+000.000 Z+070.000 G004.000 E000.000 I+000.000 K+000.000 R000.400 X-008.776 Z+160.000 G000.000 E017.500 I+000.400 K-000.400 R000.000 X+000.000 Z+180.000 G022.000 E000.000 I+000.000 K+000.000
Lap trnh NC can ban
Phieu cong nghe e gia cong mat th hai

e gia cong mat th hai, chi tiet gia cong phai c ao kep. Do vay khong chon phoi e kep. Chi tiet c kep sau khi mat th nhat a gia cong xong. Bien dang cua chi tiet c mo ta di dang hnh hoc (Geometrie).
Hnh 179 Bieu dien lu o cac bc quan tr chi tiet
Hnh 180 Nhap ten e goi chi tiet a gia cong
CAU HNH MAY MTS TM-042x500x1000 HE IEU KHIEN MTS TM Control PHOI HNH DANG CHI TIET
X+071.331 Z+165.500 G01 X+075.000 Z+165.500 G01 X+075.000 Z+191.000 G01 X+014.000 Z+191.000 G01 X+014.000 Z+093.000 G01 X+020.000 Z+093.000 G02 X+028.000 Z+097.000 I+000.000 K+004.000 G01 X+028.000 Z+121.000 G03 X+034.000 Z+124.000 I+003.000 K+000.000 G01 X+038.000 Z+126.000 G01 X+038.000 Z+145.600 G03 X+038.800 Z+146.000 I+000.400 K+000.000 G01 X+044.000 Z+146.000 G02 X+050.000 Z+149.000 I+000.000 K+003.000 G01 X+050.000 Z+157.000 G03 X+062.000 Z+163.000 I+006.000 K+000.000 G01 X+066.000 Z+163.000 G01 X+070.766 Z+165.383 G03 X+071.331 Z+165.500 I+000.283 K-000.283 M30
Lap trnh NC can ban
Thiet lap chng trnh NC
Chng trnh NC e gia cong mat th nhat

Cau lenh so O 0200 Lenh O 0200 Ten chng trnh Mo ta
4) Tien mat au N010 G54 X0 Z+226.000 G54 Dch chuyen iem 0 tuyet oi Z+226.000 Z- Toa o dch chuyen iem 0 N015 G96 S0140 T0404 M04 G96 M on nh van toc cat S140 Van toc cat T0404 Chon dung cu cat so 4 M04 M truc chnh quay trai N020 G92 S3000 G92 Gii han so vong quay S3000 So vong quay N025 G00 X+078.000 Z+000.200 G00 Chay dao nhanh X+078.000 X- Toa o iem ch Z+000.200 Z- Toa o iem ch N030 G01 X-001.000 F000.150 M08 G01 Noi suy ng thang vi bc tien X-001.000 X- Toa o iem ch F000.150 Bc tien mm/vong M08 M nc lam mat N035 G00 Z+002.000 G00 Chay dao nhanh Z+002.000 Z- Toa o iem ch N040 X+200.000 Y+200.000 M05 M09 X200.000 X- Toa o iem ch Z200.000 Z- Toa o iem ch M05 Dng truc chnh M09 Tat nc lam mat
Lap trnh NC can ban 5) Khoan nh tam N045 G97 S1800 T0909 M03 G97 Tat on nh van toc cat S1800 So vong quay T0909 Chon dung cu cat so 9 M03 M truc chnh quay phai N050 G00 Z+002.000 G00 Chay dao nhanh Z2 Z- Toa o iem ch N055 N060 X+000.000 G01 Z-005.800 F000.160 M08 X+000.000 X- Toa o iem ch G01 Noi suy ng thang vi bc tien Z-005.800 Z- Toa o iem ch F000.160 Bc tien mm/vong M08 M nc lam mat N065 G00 Z+002.000 G00 Chay dao nhanh Z002.000 Z- Toa o iem ch N070 X+200.000 Z+200.000 M05 M09 X200.000 X- Toa o iem ch Z200.000 Z- Toa o iem ch M05 Dng truc chnh M09 Tat nc lam mat
Lap trnh NC can ban 6) Khoan N075 F000.220 T0707 M03 F000.220 Bc tien mm/vong T0707 Chon dung cu cat so 7 M03 M truc chnh quay phai N080 G97 S1000 G97 Tat on nh van toc cat S1000 So vong quay N085 G00 Z+002.000 G00 Chay dao nhanh Z+002.000Z- Toa o iem ch N090 X+000.000 M08 X000.000 X- Toa o iem ch M08 M nc lam mat N095 G84 Z-105.000 A+001.000 G84 Chu trnh khoan lo B+001.000 D+005.000 K+025.000 Z-105.000 Z- Toa o iem cuoi A+001.000 Thi gian dng sau khi lui e thoat phoi B+001.000 Thi gian dng e be phoi D+005.000 Lng luy giam K+025.000 Chieu sau lat khoan au tien tnh t be mat an toan N100 G00 X+200.000 G00 Chay dao nhanh X200.000 X- Toa o iem ch N105 Z+070.000 M05 M09 Z070 Z- Toa o iem ch M05 Dng truc chnh M09 Tat nc lam mat
Lap trnh NC can ban 7) Tien tho bien dang ngoai N110 G96 S0140 T0404 M04 G96 M on nh van toc cat S0140 Van toc cat T0404 Chon dung cu cat so 4 M04 M truc chnh quay trai N115 N120 G92 S3000 G00 X+075.000 Z+002.000 G92 Gii han so vong quay S3000 So vong quay G00 Chay dao nhanh X+075.000 X- Toa o iem ch Z+002.000 Z- Toa o iem ch N125 G57 X+000.600 Z+000.200 G57 Lng d gia cong tinh X+000.600 Lng d ngoai theo phng X Z+000.200 Lng d ngoai theo phng Z N130 G81 X+018.000 I+004.000 Z+002.000 G81 Chu trnh tien bien dang ngoai X+018.000 X- Toa o iem bat au cua bien dang Z+002.000 Z- Toa o iem bat au cua bien dang I+004.000 Chieu sau moi lat cat N135 N140 G42 G01 X+018.000 Z+000.000 G42 Hieu chnh ban knh dung cu cat ben phai ng bien dang G01 Noi suy ng thang vi bc tien X+018.000 X- Toa o iem ch Z+000.000 Z- Toa o iem ch N145 N150 X+020.000 G03 X+028.000 I+000.000 X+018.000 X- Toa o iem ch Z-004.000 G03 Noi suy ng tron ngc chieu kim ong ho K-004.000 X+028.000 X- Toa o iem ch Z-004.000 Z- Toa o iem ch I+000.000 Toa o tam ng tron theo phng X K-004.000 Toa o tam ng tron theo phng Z N155 N160 G01 Z-028.000 G01 X+018.000 Z+000.000 G01 Noi suy ng thang vi bc tien Z-028.000 Z- Toa o iem ch G01 Noi suy ng thang vi bc tien X+018.000 X- Toa o iem ch Z+000.000 Z- Toa o iem ch N165 G02 X+034.000 I+003.000 K+000.000 Z-031.000 G02 Noi suy ng tron cung chieu kim ong ho X+034.000 X- Toa o iem ch Z-031.000 Z- Toa o iem ch I+003.000 Toa o tam ng tron theo phng X K-000.000 Toa o tam ng tron theo phng Z
Lap trnh NC can ban N170 N175 N180 G01 Z-053.000 G01 X+044.000 G03 X+050.000 I+000.000 G01 Noi suy ng thang vi bc tien Z-053.000 Z- Toa o iem ch G01 Noi suy ng thang vi bc tien X+044.000 X- Toa o iem ch Z-056.000 G03 Noi suy ng tron ngc chieu kim ong ho K-003.000 X+050.000 X- Toa o iem ch Z-056.000 Z- Toa o iem ch I+000.000 Toa o tam ng tron theo phng X K-003.000 Toa o tam ng tron theo phng Z N185 N190 G01 Z-064.000 G02 X+062.000 I+006.000 K+000.000 G01 Noi suy ng thang vi bc tien Z-064.000 Z- Toa o iem ch Z-070.000 G02 Noi suy ng tron cung chieu kim ong ho X+062.000 X- Toa o iem ch Z-070.000 Z- Toa o iem ch I+006.000 Toa o tam ng tron theo phng X K-000.000 Toa o tam ng tron theo phng Z N195 N200 G01 X+066.000 G01 X+071.000 Z-072.500 G01 Noi suy ng thang vi bc tien X+066.000 X- Toa o iem ch G01 Noi suy ng thang vi bc tien X+071.000 X- Toa o iem ch Z-072.500 Z- Toa o iem ch N205 N210 N215 G01 X+076.000 G40 G80 G01 Noi suy ng thang vi bc tien X+076.000 X- Toa o iem ch G40 Huy hieu chnh ban knh dung cu cat G80 Ket thuc bien dang va tao
N220
G00 M09
X+200.000
Z+200.000
M05 G0 Chay dao nhanh X200.000 X-Toa o iem ch Z200.000 Z-Toa o iem ch M05 Dng truc chnh M09 Tat nc lam mat
Lap trnh NC can ban 8) Tien tinh bien dang ngoai N225 G96 F000.100 S0280 T0202 M04 G96 M on nh van toc cat F000.100 Bc tien mm/vong S0280 Van toc cat T0202. Chon dung cu cat so 2 M04 M truc chnh quay trai N230 N235 G92 S4000 G00 X+010.000 Z+002.000 G92 Gii han so vong quay S4000 So vong quay G00 Chay dao nhanh X+010.000 X- Toa o iem ch Z+002.000 Z- Toa o iem ch N240 N245 G42 G01 X+013.000 Z+000.000 G42 Hieu chnh ban knh dung cu cat ben phai ng bien dang G01 Noi suy ng thang vi bc tien X+013.000 X- Toa o iem ch Z+000.000 Z- Toa o iem ch N250 G23 O135 Q210 G23 Lap lai mot oan chng trnh O135 Cau lenh bat au oan chng trnh c lap lai Q210 Cau lenh ket thuc oan chng trnh c lap lai
N255
G00 M09
X+200.000
Z+200.000
M05 G00 Chay dao nhanh X200.000 X- Toa o iem ch Z200.000 Z- Toa o iem ch M5 Dng truc chnh M9 Tat nc lam mat
N260
M30
M30 Ket thuc chng trnh
Lap trnh NC can ban
Chng trnh NC e gia cong mat th hai

Cau lenh so Lenh O 0300 Mo ta O 0300 Ten chng trnh
4) Tien mat au N005 G54 X0 Z+188.000 G54 Dch chuyen iem 0 tuyet oi Z+188.000 Z- Toa o dch chuyen iem 0 N010 G96 S0140 T0404 M04 G96 M on nh van toc cat S140 Van toc cat T0404 Chon dung cu cat so 4 M04 M truc chnh quay trai N015 G92 S3000 G92 Gii han so vong quay S3000 So vong quay N020 G00 X+078.000 Z+001.500 G00 Chay dao nhanh X+078.000 X- Toa o iem ch Z+001.500 Z- Toa o iem ch N025 G01 X-001.000 F000.280 M08 G01 Noi suy ng thang vi bc tien X-001.000 X- Toa o iem ch F000.280 Bc tien mm/vong M08 M nc lam mat
N030
G00 Z+002.000
G00 Chay dao nhanh Z+002.000 Z- Toa o iem ch
Lap trnh NC can ban 5) Tien tho bien dang ngoai N035 G00 X+078.000 G00 Chay dao nhanh X+078.000 X- Toa o iem ch N040 G00 Z+000.200 G00 Chay dao nhanh Z+000.2000 Z- Toa o iem ch N045 G01 X+012.000 G01 Noi suy ng thang vi bc tien X+012.000 X- Toa o iem ch N050 G88 X+070.400 G88 Chu trnh bo cung (vat canh) Z+000.200 R+004.000 X+070.400 X- Toa o iem ch Z+000.200 Z- Toa o iem ch R+004.000 Ban knh cung bo tron N055 G01 Z-025.000 G01 Noi suy ng thang vi bc tien Z-025.000 Z- Toa o iem ch
N060
G00 M09
X+200.000
Z+200.000
M05 G00 Chay dao nhanh X200.000 X- Toa o iem ch Z200.000 Z- Toa o iem ch M05 Dng truc chnh M09 Tat nc lam mat
Lap trnh NC can ban 6) Khoet N065 G97 S0850 T1212 M03 G97 Tat on nh van toc cat S0850 So vong quay T1212 Chon dung cu cat so 12 M3 M truc chnh quay phai N070 G92 S1500 G92 Gii han so vong quay S1500 So vong quay N075 G00 Z+002.000 G00 Chay dao nhanh Z+002.000 Z- Toa o iem ch N080 X+000.000 F000.200 M08 X+000.000 X- Toa o iem ch F000.200 Bc tien mm/vong M08 M nc lam mat N085 G84 Z-034.800 A+001.000 G84 Chu trnh khoan lo B+001.000 D+004.000 K+020.000 Z-034.800 Z- Toa o iem ch A+001.000 Thi gian dng sau rut dao e thoat phoi B+001.000 Thi gian dng e be phoi D+004.000 Lng luy giam K+020.000 Chieu sau lat khoan au tien tnh t be mat an toan N090 G00 X+200.000 G00 Chay dao nhanh X200.000 X- Toa o iem ch
N095
Z+070.000 M05 M09
Z+070.000 Z- Toa o iem ch M05 Dng truc chnh M09 Tat nc lam mat
Lap trnh NC can ban 7) Tien tho bien dang trong N100 G96 F000.200 S0120 T0505 M04 G96 M on nh van toc cat F000.200 Bc tien mm/vong S0120 Van toc cat T0505 Chon dung cu cat so 5 M04 M truc chnh quay trai N105 N110 G92 S3000 G00 X+021.000 Z+002.000 G92 Gii han so vong quay S3000 So vong quay G00 Chay dao nhanh X+021.000 X- Toa o iem ch Z+002.000 Z- Toa o iem ch N115 G57 X-000.600 Z+000.200 G57 Lng d gia cong tinh X-000.600 Lng d trong theo phng X Z+000.200 Lng d trong theo phng Z N120 G81 X+040.000 I+002.500 Z+002.000 G81 Chu trnh tien bien dang ngoai X+040.000 X- Toa o iem au tien cua bien dang Z+002.000 Z- Toa o iem au tien cua bien dang I+002.500 Chieu sau moi lat cat N125 N130 G41 G01 X+038.000 Z+000.000 M08 G41 Hieu chnh ban knh dung cu cat ben trai ng bien dang G01 Noi suy ng thang vi bc tien X+038.000 X- Toa o iem ch Z+000.000 Z- Toa o iem ch M08 M nc lam mat N135 N140 X+034.000 Z-002.000 G88 X+034.000 R+002.000 X+034.000 X- Toa o iem ch Z-002.000 Z- Toa o iem ch Z-015.000 G88 Chu trnh bo cung (vat canh) X+034.000 X- Toa o iem ch Z-015.000 Z- Toa o iem ch R+002.000 Ban knh cung bo tron N145 N150 N155 N160 N165 N170 N175 G01 X+026.000 Z-035.000 X+013.000 G40 G80 G00 X+200.000 Z+070.000 M05 M09 G01 Noi suy ng thang vi bc tien X+026.000 X- Toa o iem ch Z-035.000 Z- Toa o iem ch X+013.000 X- Toa o iem ch G40 Huy hieu chnh ban knh dung cu cat G80 Ket thuc bien dang va tao G00 Chay dao nhanh X200.000 X- Toa o iem ch Z+070.000 Z- Toa o iem ch M05 Dng truc chnh M09 Tat nc lam mat
Lap trnh NC can ban 8) Tien tinh bien dang trong N180 G96 M04 F000.100 S0220 T1010 G96 M on nh van toc cat F000.1000 Bc tien mm/vong S0220 Van toc cat T1010 Chon dung cu cat so 10 M04 M truc chnh quay trai N185 G92 S4000 G92 Gii han so vong quay S4000 So vong quay N190 G00 X+040.000 Z+002.000 G00 Chay dao nhanh X+040.000 X- Toa o iem ch Z+002.000 Z- Toa o iem ch N195 G23 O125 Q160 G23 Lap lai mot oan chng trnh O125 Cau lenh bat au oan chng trnh c lap lai Q160 Cau lenh ket thuc oan chng trnh c lap lai
N200
G00 Z+002.000
G00 Chay dao nhanh Z+002.000 Z- Toa o iem ch
N205 N210
X+200.000 Z+070.000 M05 M09
X+200.000 X- Toa o iem ch Z+070.000 Z- Toa o iem ch M05 Dng truc chnh M09 Tat nc lam mat
Lap trnh NC can ban 9) Tien tinh bien dang ngoai N215 G96 F000.100 M04 S0280 T0202 G96 M on nh van toc cat F000.100 Bc tien mm/vong S0280 Van toc cat T0202 Chon dung cu cat so 2 M04 M truc chnh quay trai N220 G92 S4000 G92 Gii han so vong quay S4000 So vong quay N225 G00 X+034.000 Z+001.000 G00 Chay dao nhanh X+034.000 X- Toa o iem ch Z+001.000 Z- Toa o iem ch N230 N235 G42 G01 Z+000.000 M08 G42 Hieu chnh dung cu cat ben phai ng bien dang G01 Noi suy ng thang vi bc tien Z+000.000 Z- Toa o iem ch M08 M nc lam mat N240 G88 X+070.000 R+004.000 Z+000.000 G88 Chu trnh bo cung (vat canh) X+070.000 X- Toa o iem ch Z+000.000 Z- Toa o iem ch R+004.000 Ban knh cung bo tron N245 G01 Z-026.000 G01 Noi suy ng thang vi bc tien Z-026.000 Z- Toa o iem ch N250 N255 N260 X+072.000 G40 X+200.000 M09 Z+200.000 X+072.000 X- Toa o iem ch G40 Huy hieu chnh ban knh dung cu cat M05 X+200.000 X- Toa o iem ch Z+200.000Z- Toa o iem ch M05 Dng truc chnh M09 Tat nc lam mat N240 M30 M30 Ket thuc chng trnh
Lap trnh NC can ban Mo phong chng trnh NC Chng trnh NC c mo phong vi thi gian gia cong thc va co lu y en cac va cham co the xay ra che o t ong (Automatic Mode).
Hnh 181 Lu o menu che o t ong
Hnh 182 Che o t ong
e mo phong mot chng trnh NC can phai tuan theo hai bc can thiet sau:
1. Sau khi vao che o t ong (Automatic Mode), t main menu cho phep nhap ten cua chng trnh NC (v du: O 0200) e mo phong. Chap nhan chng trnh: Nhan F1 hoac e chap nhan ten cua chng trnh. Neu chng trnh co thc th chng trnh se c goi ra bo nh lam viec, neu khong co th mot thong bao loi se xuat hien. 2. Tiep tuc la chon cac che o mo phong chng trnh theo mong muon. T ong: Chon F1 e t ong mo phong chng trnh. T ong tng cau lenh: Chon
F2
e mo phong chng trnh t ong tng cau lenh.
Hnh 183 Menu mo phong t ong
Hnh 184 Hnh cat 3D
Lap trnh NC can ban Kiem tra chat lng san pham bang o cac ket qua gia cong Chi tiet co the o sau khi gia cong (Automatic mode) hoac trong khi gia cong tng bc cong viec ( ) va c so sanh vi cac gia tr trong ban ve. Trnh t cac bc: Mo ta 1. Goi mo phong tien t menu chnh. 2. Chon che o t ong. 3. Goi mot chng trnh NC co san, V du: GEWBU2. 4. Chon dang mo phong t ong. Nhap (TOPTURN) (Automatic mode) Ghi bang ban phm GEWBU2 va bam. (Automatic) Qua trnh gia cong c mo phong tren man hnh.
F1 F2
F1
5. Chon che o o. 6. Chon menu o theo iem. 7. Chon iem can o.
F6 F7 F1
(Measure 3D) (Point Dimension) (Next point) hoac (Previous point)
F2
D lieu cho iem a chon c hien th tng ng.
8. Thoat khoi menu o theo iem.
F8
(Abort) (Quit)
F8
Lap trnh NC can ban
Lap trnh NC thu cong cho chi tiet phay

Luyen tap CNC Thiet lap theo ch dan chng trnh NC cho gia cong phay CNC. Nhiem vu: Chng trnh NC can c thiet lap e gia cong chi tiet sau.
Hnh 185 Thiet lap chng trnh NC theo trnh t sau: 1. 2. 3. 4. Xac nh trnh t cong viec La chon o ga va cac dung cu can thiet Thiet lap chng trnh NC Mo phong chng trnh
Lap trnh NC can ban
Trnh t cong viec

TT 1 Trnh t Kiem tra kch thc phoi Dung cu V tr S, F Ve phac hoa
Kep chi tiet
at iem 0
X
T01 F250 S1600
Phay bien dang trai Dao phay ngon 20 sau 8 mm ME-20.0/075L HSS ISO 1641
Phay bien dang DAO phai sau 8 mm 20
PHAY
NGON
T01
F250 S1600
ME-20.0/075L HSS ISO 1641
Phay bien dang bat DAO giac sau 4 mm 20
PHAY
NGON
T01
F250 S1600
ME-20.0/075L HSS ISO 1641
6
7 Phay bien tron sau 6mm dang DAO 20 PHAY NGON T01 F250 S1600
ME-20.0/075L HSS ISO 1641
Lap trnh NC can ban 8 Phay bien dang DAO tron r = 25 mm 20 sau 2 mm PHAY NGON T01 F250 S1600
ME-20.0/075L HSS ISO 1641
Phay ho tron sau r = 15 sau 4 mm
DAO PHAY NGON (KHONG LOI) 10 MS-10.0/045L HSS ISO 1641
T02
F50 S1800
10
Khoan moi 4 lo
Khoan moi 10 DC-08.0/060 HSS ISO 3294
T03
F80 S2000
10
11
Khoan 4 lo c ban Li khoan 5 cho M6 DR-05.00/087 HSS ISO 235
T04
F50 S1500
11
12
Taro 4 lo M6
Taro M6 TA-M06.0/1.00 ISO 2857 HSS
T05
F150 S150
12
Lap trnh NC can ban
Thiet lap may CNC (Phieu cong nghe)

Sau khi khi ong, mo phong MTS se thiet lap t ong gom phoi c ga at va dao a chon trong o cha dao. Neu d lieu cong nghe khong thch hp vi d lieu cong nghe can lap th phai thay oi dang cong nghe.
Hnh 186 Lu o cua menu thiet lap cong nghe
Hnh 187 Menu thiet lap cong nghe
CAU HNH
MAY MTS VMC-550x550x500 HE IEU KHIEN MTS VMC 40 Control X+100.000 Y+100.000 Z+025.000 X+145.000 Y+090.000 X+145.000 Y+090.000 Z+114.000 AlMg 1:: Nhom RS 135 Chieu cao t ay e-to ti mat di chi tiet E+025.000 Dch chuyen V+000.000 Hng ra A900 T01
KCH THC CHI TIET V TR CHI TIET GOC TRC BEN TRAI VAT LIEU E -TO
DUNG CU HIEN THI CAC DUNG CU
T01 Dao phay ngon T02 Dao phay ngon (Co loi) T03 Mui khoan tam T04 Li khoan T05 Taro HIEU CHNH DUNG CU D01 R010.000 Z+143.000 D02 R005.000 Z+138.000 D03 R000.000 Z+112.500 D04 R000.000 Z+176.500 D05 R000.000 Z+132.500 Trung tam ao tao Viet-c; Nguyen Anh Tuan. 03.2001 MTS GmbH 1997
MS-20.0/075L HSS ISO 1641 MS-10.0/045L HSS ISO 1641 DC-08.0/060 HSS ISO 3294 DR-05.00/087 HSS ISO 235 TA-M06.0/1.00 HSS ISO 2857
Lap trnh NC can ban
Lap trnh NC
TT LENH FX1909 N010 G54 X+145.000 Y+090.000 Z+114.000 Y NGHA So cua chng trnh (Ten) G54 Dch chuyen iem 0 tuyet oi X+145.000 - X Toa o dch chuyen iem 0 Y+090.000 Y- Toa o dch chuyen iem 0 Z+114.000 Z- Toa o dch chuyen iem 0 4) Phay bien dang trai sau 8 mm N015 S1600 T0101 M03 S1600 So vong quay T0101 Chon dung cu Nr. 1 M03 M truc chnh quay phai N020 G00 X-020.000 Y-020.000 G00 Chay dao nhanh X-20.000 X- Toa o cua iem ch Y-20.000 Y- Toa o cua iem ch N025 Z-008.000 M08 Z-008.000 Z- Toa o cua iem ch M08 M nc lam mat N030 G41 G47 A+012.000 G01 X+005.000 Y-002.000 F250.000 G41 Hieu chnh ban knh dao phay ben trai bien dang G47 Vao cat theo cung tron A+012.000 Ban knh cua cung tron G01 Noi suy thang vi bc tien X+005.000 X- Toa o cua iem ch Y-002.000 Y- Toa o cua iem ch F250.000 Bc tien mm/phut N035 Y110.000 Y110.000 Y- Toa o cua iem ch
Lap trnh NC can ban 5) Phay bien dang phai sau 8 mm N040 G0 X095.000 G00 Chay dao nhanh X95.000 X- Toa o cua iem ch N045 G01 Y-010.000 G01 Noi suy ng thang vi bc tien Y-010.000 Y- Toa o cua iem ch N050 G40 G47 A+012.000 G40 Huy lenh hieu chnh ban knh dao G47 Thoat dao theo cung tron A+012.000 Ban knh cung tron 1/4
6) Phay bien dang vi cung tron sau 6 mm N055 G00 X-020.000 Y-020.000 G00 Chay dao nhanh X-020.000 X- Toa o cua iem ch Y-020.000 Y- Toa o cua iem ch N060 N065 Z-006.000 Z-006.000 Z- Toa o cua iem ch G41 G47 A+012.000 G01 G41 Hieu chnh ban knh dao phay ben trai bien dang X+010.000 Y-002.000 G47 Vao dao ng tron F250.000 A+012.000 Ban knh ng tron 1/4 G01 Noi suy ng thang vi bc tien X+010.000 X- Toa o cua iem ch Y-002.000 Y- Toa o cua iem ch F250.000 Bc tien mm/phut N070 N075 Y+082.000 Y+082.000 Y- Toa o cua iem ch G02 X+018.000 G02 Noi suy cung cung chieu kim ong ho Y+090.000 B+008.000 X+018.000 X- Toa o cua iem ch Y+090.000 Y- Toa o cua iem ch B+008.000 Ban knh cung tron
Lap trnh NC can ban N080 G01 X+082.000 G01 Noi suy ng thang vi bc tien X+082.000 X- Toa o cua iem ch N085 G02 X+090.000 Y+082.000 G02 Noi suy cung cung chieu kim ong ho B+008.000 X+090.000 X- Toa o cua iem ch Y+082.000 Y- Toa o cua iem ch B+008.000 Ban knh cung tron N090 G01 Y+018.000 G01 Noi suy ng thang vi bc tien Y+018.000 Y- Toa o cua iem ch N095 G02 X+082.000 Y+010.000 G02 Noi suy cung cung chieu kim ong ho B+008.000 X+082.000 X- Toa o cua iem ch Y+010.000 Y- Toa o cua iem ch B+008.000 Ban knh cung tron N100 G01 X+018.000 G01 Noi suy ng thang vi bc tien X+018.000 X- Toa o cua iem ch N105 G02 X+010.000 Y+018.000 G02 Noi suy cung cung chieu kim ong ho B+008.000 X+010.000 X- Toa o cua iem ch Y+018.000 Y- Toa o cua iem ch B+008.000 Ban knh cung tron N110 G03 X-010.000 Y+038.000 G03 Noi suy cung ngc chieu kim ong ho B+020.000 X-010.000 X- Toa o cua iem ch Y+038.000 Y- Toa o cua iem ch B+020.000 Ban knh cung tron N115 G40 G47 A+012.000 G40 Huy lenh hieu chnh ban knh dao G47 Thoat dao theo cung tron A+012.000 Ban knh cung tron
Lap trnh NC can ban 7) Phay bat giac sau 4 mm N120 G00 X-020.000 Y-020.000 G00 Chay dao nhanh X-020.000 X- Toa o cua iem ch Y-020.000 Y- Toa o cua iem ch N125 N130 Z-004.000 Z-004.000 Z- Toa o cua iem ch
G41 G47 A+012.000 G01 G41 Hieu chnh ban knh dao phay ben trai bien dang X+015.000 Y-002.000 G47 Vao dao theo cung tron A+012.000 Ban knh cung tron 1/4 G01 Noi suy ng thang vi bc tien X+015.000 X- Toa o cua iem ch Y-002.000 Y- Toa o cua iem ch
N135 N140
Y+065.000 X+035.000 Y+085.000
Y+065.000 Y- Toa o cua iem ch X+035.000 X- Toa o cua iem ch Y-+085.000 Y- Toa o cua iem ch
N145 N150
X+065.000 X+085.000 Y+065.000
X+065.000 X- Toa o cua iem ch X+085.000 X- Toa o cua iem ch Y+065.000 Y- Toa o cua iem ch
N155 N160
Y+035.000 X+065.000 Y+015.000
Y+035.000 Y- Toa o cua iem ch X+065.000 X- Toa o cua iem ch Y+015.000 Y- Toa o cua iem ch
N165 N170
X+035.000 X+005.000 Y+045.000
X+035.000 X- Toa o cua iem ch X+005.000 X- Toa o cua iem ch Y+045.000 Y- Toa o cua iem ch
N175
G40 G47 A+012.000
G40 Huy lenh hieu chnh ban knh dao G47 Thoat dao theo cung tron A+012.000 Ban knh cung tron 1/4
Lap trnh NC can ban 8) Phay bien dang tron r=25mm sau 2mm N180 G00 X-020.000 Y-020.000 G00 Chay dao nhanh X-020.000 X- Toa o cua iem ch Y-020.000 Y- Toa o cua iem ch N185 N190 Z-002.000 Z-002.000 Z- Toa o cua iem ch
G41 G47 A+012.000 G01 G41 Hieu chnh ban knh dao phay ben trai bien dang X+025.000 Y-002.000 G47 Vao dao theo cung tron A+012.000 Ban knh cung tron 1/4 G01 Noi suy ng thang vi bc tien X+025.000 X- Toa o cua iem ch Y-002.000 Y- Toa o cua iem ch
N195
G01 Y+050.000
G01 Noi suy ng thang vi bc tien Y+050.000 Y- Toa o cua iem ch
N200
G02 X+025.000 G02 Noi suy cung cung chieu kim ong ho Y+050.000 I+025.000 X+025.000 X- Toa o cua iem ch Y+050.000 Y- Toa o cua iem ch I+025.000 Toa o tam cung tron theo chieu X, Tnh tng oi ke t iem xuat phat
N205
G40 G47 A+012.000
G40 Huy lenh hieu chnh ban knh dao G47 Thoat dao theo cung tron A+012.000 Ban knh cung tron 1/4
N210
G01 Y+065.000
G01 Noi suy ng thang vi bc tien Y+065.000 Y- Toa o cua iem ch
N215
G00 Z+100.000 M09 M05
G00 Chay dao nhanh Z+100.000 Z- Toa o cua iem ch M09 Tat nc lam mat M05 Tat truc chnh
Lap trnh NC can ban 9) Phay ho tron r=15mm sau 4mm N220 S1800 T0202 M03 S1800 So vong quay T0202 Chon dao so Nr. 2 M03 M truc chnh quay phai N225 G00 Y+050.000 M08 X+050.000 G00 Chay dao nhanh X+050.000 X- Toa o cua iem ch Y+050.000 Y- Toa o cua iem ch M08 M nc lam mat N230 N235 Z+002.000 G01 Z-004.000 F050.000 Z+002.000 Z- Toa o cua iem ch G01 Noi suy ng thang vi bc tien Z-004.000 Z- Toa o cua iem ch F050.000 Bc tien mm/phut N240 G42 G47 A+005.000 G42 Hieu chnh ban knh dao phay ben phai bien dang X+038.000 Y+053.000 G47 Vao dao theo cung tron A+005.000 Ban knh cung tron 1/4 X+038.000 X- Toa o cua iem ch Y+053.000 Y- Toa o cua iem ch N245 G02 X+050.000 G02 Noi suy cung cung chieu kim ong ho Y+065.000 B+012.000 X+050.000 X- Toa o cua iem ch Y+065.000 Y- Toa o cua iem ch B+012.000 Ban knh cung tron
Lap trnh NC can ban N250 G02 J-015.000 G02 Noi suy cung cung chieu kim ong ho J-015.000 Toa o tam cung tron theo chieu Y, Tnh tng oi ke t iem xuat phat N255 G02 X+062.000 Y+053.000 G02 Noi suy cung cung chieu kim ong ho B+012.000 X+062.000 X- Toa o cua iem ch Y+053.000 Y- Toa o cua iem ch B+012.000 Ban knh cung tron N260 G40 G47 A+005.000 G40 Huy lenh hieu chnh ban knh dao G47 Thoat dao theo cung tron A+005.000 Ban knh cung tron 1/4 N265 G01 X+050.000 Y+050.000 G01 Noi suy ng thang vi bc tien X+050.000 X- Toa o cua iem ch Y+050.000 Y- Toa o cua iem ch N270 G00 Z+100.000 M09 M05 G00 Chay dao nhanh Z+100.000 Z- Toa o cua iem ch M09 Tat nv lam mat M05 Tat truc chnh
Lap trnh NC can ban 10) Khoan nh tam 4 lo N275 S2200 T0303 M03 S2000 So vong quay T0303 Chon dao so Nr. 3 M03 M truc chnh quay phai N280 G00 Z+002.000.000 M08 G00 Chay dao nhanh Z+002.000 Z- Toa o cua iem ch M08 M nc lam mat N285 G81 Z-005.000 W+005.000 G81 Chu trnh khoan Z-005.000 Chieu sau khoan, tnh tng oi t be mat an toan W+005.000 Khoang cach gia be mat an toan va mat rut dao N290 G78 X+018.000 Y+018.000 A+090.000 D+064.000 S0002 G78 Goi chu trnh tren ng thang X+018.000 -Toa o X cua thc hien chu trnh th nhat Y+018.000 Toa o Y cua thc hien chu trnh th nhat A+090.000 Goc cua ng thang so vi truc X dng D+064.000 Khoang cach cac lo S0002 So lo khoan
N295
G78 X+082.000 Y+082.000 G78 Goi chu trnh tren ng thang A+270.000 D+064.000 X+082.000 Toa o X cua cho chu trnh th nhat S0002 Y+082.000 Toa o Y cua thc hien chu trnh th nhat A+270.000 Goc cua ng thang so vi truc X dng D+064.000 Khoang cach cac lo S0002 So lo khoan
N300
G00 Z+100.000 M09 M05
Lap trnh NC can ban 11) Khoan 4 lo c s cua M6 N305 S1000 T0404 M03 S1000 So vong quay T0404 Chon dao so Nr. 4 M03 M truc chnh quay phai N310 G00 Z+002.000 M08 G00 Chay dao nhanh Z+002.000 Z- Toa o cua iem ch M08 M nc lam mat N315 G81 Z-010.000 W+005.000 G81 Chu trnh khoan Z-010.000 Chieu sau khoan, Tng oi ke t mat an toan W+005. 000 Khoang cach gia be mat an toan va mat lui dao N320 G78 X+018.000 Y+018.000 G78 Goi chu trnh tren ng thang A+090.000 D+064.000 X+018.000 X- Toa o X cua chu trnh th nhat S0002 Y+018.000 Y- Toa o Y cua chu trnh th nhat A+090.000 Goc cua ng D+064.000 Khoang cach cac lo S0002 o lan thc hien N325 G78 X+082.000 Y+082.000 G78 Goi chu trnh tren ng thang A+270.000 D+064.000 X+082.000 X-Toa o X cua lo th nhat S0002 Y+082.000 Y- Toa o X cua lo th nhat A+270.000 Goc cua ng thang ti truc X dng D+064.000 Khoang cach gi cac lo khoan S0002 So lan khoan N330 G00 Z+100.000 M09 M05 G00 Chay dao nhanh Z+100.000 Z- Toa o cua iem ch M09 Tat dung dch boi trn M05 Tat truc chnh
Lap trnh NC can ban 12) Taro 4 lo N335 S0150 T0505 M03 S0150 So vong quay T0505 Chon dao so Nr. 5 M03 M truc chnh quay phai N340 G00 Z+002.000 M08 G00 Chay dao nhanh Z+002.000 Z- Toa o cua iem ch M08 M nc lam mat N345 G84 Z-008.000 W+005.000 G84 Chu trnh ta-ro ren Z-008.000 Chieu sau, tng oi ke t mat an toan W+005.000 Khoang cach gia mat an toan va mat rut dao N350 G78 X+018.000 Y+018.000 G78 Goi chu trnh tren ng thang A+090.000 D+064.000 X+018.000 X-Toa o X cua lo th nhat S0002 Y+018.000 Y- Toa o X cua lo th nhat A+90.000 Goc cua ng thang ti truc X dng D+064.000 Khoang cach gi cac lo S0002 So lan thc hien N355 G78 X+082.000 Y+082.000 G78 Goi chu trnh tren ng thang A+270.000 D+064.000 X+082.000 X-Toa o X cua lo th nhat S0002 Y+082.000 Y- Toa o X cua lo th nhat A+270.000 Goc cua ng thang ti truc X dng D+064.000 Khoang cach gi cac lo khoan S0002 So lan thc hien
N360
G00 Z+100.000 M09 M05
N365
M30
M30 Ket thuc chng trnh
Lap trnh NC can ban
Mo phong chng trnh NC

Chng trnh Nc a thiet lap c mo phongvi thi gian thc va chu y ti va cham trong che o chay t ong.
Hnh 188 Lu o menu mo phong t ong.
Hnh 189 Menu t ong
e mo phong mot chng trnh NC can phai tuan theo hai bc can thiet sau: 1. Sau khi vao che o t ong (Automatic Mode), t main menu cho phep nhap ten cua chng trnh NC (v du: FX1909) e mo phong. Chap nhan chng trnh: Nhan F1 hoac e chap nhan ten cua chng trnh. Neu chng trnh co thc th chng trnh se c goi ra bo nh lam viec, neu khong co th mot thong bao loi se xuat hien. 2. Tiep tuc la chon cac che o mo phong chng trnh theo mong muon. T ong: Chon F1 e t ong mo phong chng trnh. T ong tng cau lenh: Chon
F2
e mo phong chng trnh t ong tng cau lenh.
Hnh 190 Menu mo phong t ong Thc tap xng Hoc vien can gia cong chi tiet phay tren may phay CNC Trung tam ao tao Viet-c; Nguyen Anh Tuan. 03.2001 MTS GmbH 1997
Hnh 191 Hnh cat 3D
Lap trnh NC can ban
Cau hoi kiem tra kien thc Lap trnh NC can ban
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Hay neu cac bc cong viec lap trnh trnh thu cong? Trnh t cong viec cua phieu lap trnh da tren c s nao? Hay giai thch khai niem Thong tin ve chc nang phu tr? Hay neu va giai thch 5 ma lenh cho may CNC? Hay giai thch cau truc cua mot chng trnh NC? Hay giai thch cau truc cua mot cau lenh chng trnh? Hay giai thch cau truc cua mot t lenh chng trnh? Hay giai thch cac a ch sau: F, S, T, M, X, Y, Z? Hay giai thch cac t lenh sau, neu cho trc X 53, Z 184.005 a) Lap trnh tuyet oi (G90) b) Lap trnh tng oi (G91) ! Cac a ch sau: I, J, K the hien ieu g? Hay nhan biet cac chc nang sau ay vi cac t lenh: G va M! - Noi suy cung tron cung chieu kim ong ho? - M nc lam ma t ? - Goi hng quay trai? 12. 13. 14. Hay neu l do, trng hp nao oi hoi van toc cat khong oi? Van toc cat khong oi c lap trnh bi ieu kien hanh trnh nao? Hay oc va ghi cau lenh sau? Hay mo ta bang hnh ve qua trnh chuyen ong? G01 G95 X100 Z-5 F0.25 S600 T0101 Hay oc va ghi cau lenh sau? Hay mo ta bang hnh ve qua trnh chuyen ong? G02 G96 X30 Z-30 I30 K-15 F0.2 S180 Hay oc va ghi lai oan chng trnh sau? N5 N10 N20 N30 N40 N50 N60 N70 G90 G0 G1 G0 G1 G2 G0 G96 X133 Z-395 X135 X123 Z-269.8 X133 Z2 T0101 Z2 F0.3 Z2 S100 M3 M8
10. 11.
15.
16.
Z-274.8
I133
K-269.8
O70
ap an cac bai kiem tra kien thc
ap an bai tap trang 164

TT N05 Lenh O 0300 T0404 G96 S140 M4 N10 G92 S3000 N15 G0 X20 Z2 M8 N20 G1 X20 Z0 G42 N25 G3 X28 Z-4 I0 K-4 N30 G1 Z-28 N35 G2 X34 Z-31 I3 K0 N40 G1 X38 Z-33 N45 G1 Z-53 N50 G1 X44 O0300 Ten chng trnh Chon dung cu so 4 M on nh van toc cat Van toc cat M truc chnh quay trai Gii han so vong quay So vong quay 1/ph Chay dao nhanh X-Toa o ch Z- Toa o ch M nc lam mat Noi suy ng thang co bc tien X- Toa o ch Z- Toa o ch Hieu chnh ban knh li cat ben phai ng bien dang Noi suy cung ngc chieu kim ong ho X- Toa o ch Z- Toa o ch Khoang cach tam cung tron ti iem xuat phat theo truc X Khoang cach tam cung tron ti iem xuat phat theo truc Z Noi suy ng thang co bc tien Z- Toa o ch Noi suy cung cung chieu kim ong ho X- Toa o ch Z- Toa o ch Khoang cach tam cung tron ti iem xuat phat theo truc X Khoang cach tam cung tron ti iem xuat phat theo truc Z Noi suy ng thang co bc tien X- Toa o ch Z- Toa o ch Noi suy ng thang co bc tien Z- Toa o ch Noi suy ng thang co bc tien X- Toa o ch Y ngha
Trung tam ao tao Viet-c, Nguyen Anh Tuan; 03.01 MTS GmbH 1997
ap an cac bai kiem tra kien thc TT N55 G3 X50 Z-56 I0 K-3 N60 N65 G1 Z-64 G2 X62 Z-70 I6 K0 N70 G1 X66 N75 G1 X71 Z-72 N80 G1 X76 N85 N90 G40 G0 X200 Z200 M5 M9 N95 M30 Lenh Noi suy cung ngc chieu kim ong ho X- Toa o ch Z- Toa o ch Khoang cach tam cung tron ti iem xuat phat theo truc X Khoang cach tam cung tron ti iem xuat phat theo truc Z Noi suy ng thang co bc tien Z- Toa o ch Noi suy cung cung chieu kim ong ho X- Toa o ch Z- Toa o ch Khoang cach tam cung tron ti iem xuat phat theo truc X Khoang cach tam cung tron ti iem xuat phat theo truc Z Noi suy ng thang co bc tien X- Toa o ch Noi suy ng thang co bc tien X- Toa o ch Z- Toa o ch Noi suy ng thang co bc tien X- Toa o ch Huy hieu chnh ban knh li cat Chay dao nhanh X- Toa o ch Z- Toa o ch Tat truc chnh Tat nc lam mat Ket thuc chng trnh Y ngha
ap an bai tap trang 166

TT Lenh FX100 N05 G54 X+145.000 Y+090.000 Z+114.000 N10 T0101 M03 S1600 N15 G00 X-030.000 Y-030.000 N20 Z-006.000 M08 N30 G41 G47 A+022.000 G01 X+010.000 Y-002.000 F250.000 N35 N40 Y+082.000 G02 X+018.000 Y+090.000 B+008.000 N45 G01 X+082.000 N50 G02 X+090.000 Y+082.000 B+008.000 N55 G01 Y+018.000 Ten chng trnh at iem 0 tuyet oi X- Toa o iem 0 tuyet oi Y- Toa o iem 0 tuyet oi Z- Toa o iem 0 tuyet oi Chon dung cu cat so 1 M truc chnh quay phai So vong quay Chay dao nhanh X- Toa o ch Y- Toa o ch Z- Toa o ch M nc lam mat Hieu chnh ban knh dao phay ben trai ng bien dang Vao cat theo bien dang cung tron 1/4 Ban knh cung tron 1/4 Noi suy ng thang co bc tien X- Toa o ch Y- Toa o ch Lng tien dao mm/ph Y- Toa o ch Noi suy cung cung chieu kim ong ho X- Toa o ch Y- Toa o ch Ban knh Noi suy ng thang co bc tien X- Toa o ch Noi suy cung cung chieu kim ong ho X- Toa o ch Y- Toa o ch Ban knh Noi suy ng thang co bc tien Y- Toa o ch Y ngha
ap an cac bai kiem tra kien thc TT N60 Lenh G02 X+082.000 Y+010.000 B+008.000 N65 G01 X+018.000 N70 G02 X+010.000 Y+018.000 B+008.000 N75 G03 X-010.000 Y+048.000 B+030.000 N80 G40 G47 A+022.000 N85 G00 Z+100.000 M05 M09 N90 M30 Noi suy cung cung chieu kim ong ho X- Toa o ch Y- Toa o ch Ban knh Noi suy ng thang co bc tien X- Toa o ch Noi suy cung cung chieu kim ong ho X- Toa o ch Y- Toa o ch Ban knh Noi suy cung ngc chieu kim ong ho X- Toa o ch Y- Toa o ch Ban knh Huy hieu chnh ban knh dao phay thoat dao theo bien dang cung tron 1/4 Ban knh cung tron 1/4 Chay dao nhanh Z- Toa o ch Tat truc chnh Tat nc lam mat Ket thuc chng trnh Y ngha
ap an kiem tra CNC can ban

1. - May cong cu CNC rat t van hanh bang tay, ma c lap trnh. Chung lam viec t ong vi cac chng trnh NC. - May cong cu CNC co cac truc truyen ong ieu chnh c - May cong cu CNC co he thong o cho moi truc dch chuyen 2. - Tat ca cac thong tin can thiet e gia cong chi tiet c cho di dang cac ma lenh - May tnh cai san he ieu khien CNC ieu khien cac chc nang va ieu chnh cac chuyen ong 3. - May cong cu CNC co van toc cat cao - May cong cu CNC gia cong chi tiet co chat lng nh nhau - May cong cu CNC gia cong chi tiet co o chnh xac cao - gia cong chi tiet thc hien thi gian gia cong ngan 4. - Cac truc bc tien phai ieu chnh c, do vay dung cu luon c a ti v tr chnh xac nh mong muon 5. - ong c - Li hp c kh chong lai s qua tai cung nh ieu khien bang ien - Vt me bi e truyen lc khong co khe h - Cam bien o nh la he thong o hanh trnh - Khuech ai cong suat vi cac thiet b giao tiep so hoac tng t e ieu khien CNC 6. - Toi thieu co hai truc 7. - Truc X (Truc theo chieu ngang) - Truc Z (Truc theo chieu doc) 8. - Toi thieu co ba truc. 9. - Truc X - Truc Y - Truc Z 10. - Truc C (Truc chnh) ieu khien c tren may tien CNC - Truc xoay C cua mam xoay tren may phay CNC 11. - Dung cu linh hoat cat co the thc hien cong viec phay va khoan tren may tien CNC 12. - Gia cong cac chi tiet tron xoay co the thc hien tren may phay CNC thong qua mam xoay - Chi tiet co the c gia cong nhieu pha 13. - Tao ieu kien chuyen ong khong co khe h cua cac truc bc tien - Hai na cua ai oc bi c kep lai vi nhau. Lc c truyen gia ai oc va vt me thong qua b nen t ma sat 14. - Trng hp o v tr trc tiep la v tr c o trc tiep tren ban may - Trng hp o v tr gian tiep la v tr c xac nh t chuyen ong quay cua truc 15. - Trng hp o v tr tuyet oi la v tr co the c xac nh trc tiep tren thc o - Trng hp o v tr tng oi la cac chuyen ong c cong don. Do vay v tr luon luon phai c tnh toan 16. - e gi on nh van toc cat - Cho qua trnh chay va thang (Phanh) c kiem tra 17. - au revolve - O cha dao vi thiet b thay dao 18. - O cha dao dang xch - O cha dao dang dai - O cha dao dang vong - O cha dao dang a - O cha dao dang hop
ap an kiem tra C s hnh hoc

ap an cac bai kiem tra kien thc 1. - TIEN:
+X
+Z
2. - PHAY:
Y
3. - Neu iem c o bi mot goc va khoang cach cua no ti goc toa o. V du: Vong lo 4. - ieu khien iem - ieu khien oan - ieu khien ng 5. - ieu khien ng 2 D tren be mat X/Y - ieu khien ng 2 D tren be mat X/Z - ieu khien ng 2 D tren be mat Y/Z 6. - ieu khien ng 2 D, tat ca 3 truc co the c dch chuyen rieng, tuy nhien ch 2 truc dch chuyen ong thi. Bi vay ngi ta phai chon trc be mat tng ng e dao dch chuyen tren be mat nay 7. - iem 0 cua may (M) la iem goc cua he toa o may - iem 0 cua chi tiet (W) la iem goc cua he toa o lien quan ti chi tiet. No c at sao cho co the s dung trc tiep cac kch thc cho trong ba ve - iem tham chieu (R) c s dung trong trng hp may vi he thong o hanh trnh tng oi, e thong bao mot lan v tr tuyet oi cho he ieu khien - iem chuan cua dung cu cat (E) lam nhiem vu e o cac dung cu c s dung 8. - iem 0 cua chi tiet (W) can nam sao cho cac kch thc cua ban ve co the dung trc tiep e lap trnh - Trng hp tien tam truc chnh va thng la mat au cua chi tiet - Trng hp phay thng la be mat goc tren pha ngoai ben trai cua chi tiet 9. - Khong t tch luy dung sai kch thc - Tng kch thc sai khong dan ti sai tiep theo - Trng hp chi tiet tien th cac gia tr ng knh co the cho trc tiep la gia tr X 10. - Khi iem c o tng oi - Khi gia cong cung bien dang hoac cac hnh khoan cung nh cac ranh Trung tam ao tao Viet-c, Nguyen Anh Tuan; 03.01 MTS GmbH 1997
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12. - ieu khien mach h - ieu khien mach kn! - ieu khien mach h may b anh hng khong co s kiem tra. Nhng anh hng ben trong va ben ngoai dan ti cac sai lech so vi gia tr can mong muon - ieu khien mach kn cac sai lech nay c hieu chnh, bang cach o cac gia tr thc va can oi vi cac gia tr mong muon bi mach ieu khien kn 13. - V du ve ieu khien mach kn: V tr mong muon (Gia tr can) khi dung cu dch chuyen c chuyen giao cho mach ieu khien kn. He thong o hanh trnh o v tr thc te va trao gia tr nay (Gia tr thc) cho mach ieu khien kn. Khi xay ra sai lech gia 2 gia tr nay, ngay ca do nhng anh hng ben trong va ben ngoai (Cac ai lng nhieu) th mot chuyen ong dch chuyen tng ng c tao ra ti khi at c v tr mong muon (Gia tr can) 14. - V dao phay co the c s dung vi cac ng knh khac nhau. Neu ch chu y ti quy ao tam dao th se hnh thanh sai lech kch thc 15. - Chieu dai L cua dao phay - Ban knh R cua dao phay 16. - Khi cac chuyen ong dch chuyen khong song song vi cac truc X hoac Z se suat hien sai lech kch thc 17. - Chieu dai L cua dao tien - Chieu ngang Q - Ban knh mui dao R 18. - Qua o he ieu khien co the tnh toan ban knh mui dao theo ung hng 19. - o vi thiet b o hieu chnh dao - o vi dung cu chuan - o trc tiep bi gia cong th mot chi tiet - o bang knh quang hoc tren may cong cu CNC
ap an kiem tra C s cong nghe

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11.
ap an cac bai kiem tra kien thc 1. - O ga - Can dao - Manh li cat 2. - Ngc lai vi thep gio, van toc cat cao va tuoi ben cao - Manh li cat thay oi n gian va nhanh 3. - P (Xanh) cho vat lieu cat ra phoi day - M (Vang) cho vat lieu kho cat - K (o) cho vat lieu cat ra phoi ri (Vun) 4. 5. - Goc sau anh hng ti ma sat tren chi tiet do vay tang nhiet cat - Goc trc ln th viec tach phoi se de dang hn - Goc trc ln th lc cat se nho hn 6. - Goc trc ln th se tang kha nang me dao - Goc trc ln th tang kha nang mon dao 7. 8. 9. - Khi cat vat lieu cng va ron oi hoi goc trc am - Goc nghieng anh hng ti lc tien dao, no chong lai chi tiet, chieu sau va chieu rong cat
v c = *d * n n= n= vc *d
hoac
120m t 0,08m * Phu min*
n = 477 v/ph
10.
vc = * d * n
vc = * 0,25 m 100 1Phu t min

Vc = 78 m/ph
11. - Xac nh chnh xac v tr cua chi tiet - Kep chat chi tiet
ap an cac bai kiem tra kien thc 12. - Mam cap thanh nem - Mam cap a xoan oc Co the: Mam cap 2 chau Mam cap 3 chau Mam cap 4 chau 13. - Cac chi tiet ln - Cac chi tiet co dang phc tap 14. - Khi kep cac chi tiet dai va manh 15. - Tao lc bang c kh - Tao lc bang kh nen - Tao lc bang thuy lc - Tao lc bang ien 16. - Kep vi cac mo-dul kep - E-to - o ga 17. - Thay oi nhanh chi tiet - Kep chnh xac chi tiet
ap an kiem tra C s lap trnh NC
ap an cac bai kiem tra kien thc 1. Cac bc nguyen tat lap trnh thu cong la lap trnh vien phai t xac nh cac d lieu can thiet cho chng trnh NC! Cac bc nh sau: 1. Khang nh cac bc gia cong 2. Xac nh cac dung cu can thiet 3. Tnh toan cac d lieu cong nghe 4. Tnh toan cac d lieu hnh hoc chi tiet 5. Thiet lap chng trnh NC 6. Kiem tra chng trnh NC 2. Trnh t cong viec cha ng cac bc gia cong, thiet b kep va d lieu cong nghe, chung c xac nh vi s ho tr cua ban ve che tao 3. Cac thong tin phu tr la cac lenh e ong m cac chc nang cua may CNC v du: Quay truc chnh Nc trn nguoi Thay oi dao 4. Xem bang cac ma lenh chng trnh NC cua cac he ieu khien NC khac nhau (Trang 163) 5. Chng trnh NC hnh thanh bi dau bat au (v du: %), lenh ket thuc (v du:M30) va mot trnh t cac cau lenh NC 6. Cau lenh NC hnh thanh bi so th t cau lenh va cac t lenh 7. Mot t lenh hnh thanh bi cac k t a ch va ch so vi dau dng hoac am 8. F S T M X Y Z Lng chay (Tien) dao So vong quay V tr dung cu trong o cha dao hoac au revolve Cac chc nang phu tr hoac m tat mach Toa o ch theo hng X Toa o ch theo hng Y Toa o ch theo hng Z
9. a) Chay ti ng knh 53mm va toa o ch Z 184.005. b) Chay tng oi ti v tr dung cu tc thi theo hng X +53mm va hng Z +184.005 10. Cac a ch I, J, K la cac tham so noi suy va cho biet cac toa o tam tng oi lien quan ti iem xuat phat cua chuyen ong tron khi lap trnh cac chuyen ong tron 11. Noi suy cung cung chieu kim ong ho: G02 M nc trn nguoi: M8 Goi hng quay phai: M3 12. Van toc cat khong oi c s dung e tien nh hnh va tien mat au. Qua o se at c mot chat lng be mat ong eu, v so vong quay luon phu hp vi ng knh thay oi 13. Bi lenh G96 vi so vong quay ban au S V du: G96 S2000 14. G01 G95 X100 Z-5 F0.25 S600 T0101 Chay gia cong thang vi lng chay dao 0.25 mm/vong va vi dung cu cat so 01 co lu y ti gia tr hieu chnh dung cu trong bo nh so 01 ti toa o X100 (ng knh) va Z-5
ap an cac bai kiem tra kien thc 15. G02 G96 X30 Z-30 I15 K-15 F0.2 S180 Chay gia cong cung cung chieu kim ong ho vi lng chay dao 0.2 mm/vong va vi van toc cat khong oi ti toa o ch X+30 va Z -30. Tam cua cung tron nam cach tng oi so vi iem xuat phat 15mm theo hng +X va 15mm theo hng -Z 16. N5 G90 G96 T0101 S100 M3 M8 Goi lap trnh tuyet oi, van toc cat khong oi 100m/ph cua dung cu cat so 01 vi gia tr hieu chnh trong bo nh hieu chnh 01. Truc chnh quay phai va m nc trn nguoi. N10 G0 X133 Z2 Dung cu chay nhanh ti iem ch X133 va Z2 N20 G1 Z-395 F0.3 Dung cu chay gia cong thang vi lng tien dao 0.3mm/vong ti iem ch X133 va Z-395 N30 G0 X135 Z2 Dung cu chay nhanh ti iem ch X135 va Z2 N40 X123 Dung cu chay nhanh ti iem ch X123 va Z2 N50 G1 Z-269.8 Dung cu chay gia cong thang vi lng tien dao 0.3mm/vong ti iem ch X123 va Z-269.8 N60 G2 X133 Z-274.8 I5 K0 Dung cu chay gia cong cung cung chieu kim ong ho vi lng tien dao 0.3mm/vong ti iem ch X133 va Z -274.8. Tam cua cung nam cach iem xuat phat 5mm theo hng X dng (Kch thc tng oi) N70 G0 Z2 Dung cu chay nhanh ti iem ch X133 va Z2
TEN CAC LOAI DAO PHAY

DE: EN: VI: SCHAFTFRAESER SIDEMILL DAO PHAY NGON (CO LOI) DE: EN: VI: GEWINDEBOHRER TAP TARO
DE: EN: VI:
BOHRNUTENFRAESER SLOT MILLING TOOL DAO PHAY NGON (KHONG LOI)
DE: EN: VI:
BOHRER DRILL LI KHOAN
DE: EN: VI:
T-NUTENFRAESER T-SLOT MILL DAO PHAY RANH T
DE: EN: VI:
WENDEPLATTENBOHRER REVERSIBLE TIP DRILL LI KHOAN HP KIM
DE: EN: VI:
WALZENSTIRNFRAESER SHELL END MILL DAO PHAY LNG TRU
DE: EN: VI:
STUFENBOHRER STEP DRILL LI KHOAN BAC
DE: EN: VI:
PLANMESSERKOPFFRAESER FACE END MILL DAO PHAY RANG CHAP
DE: EN: VI:
SENKER CORE DRILL LI KHOAN NH TAM
DE: EN: VI:
RADIUSFRAESER RADIUS CUTTER DAO PHAY 3D (AU TRON)
DE: EN: VI:
KONKAVFRAESER CONCAVE PROF. CUTTER DAO PHAY CUNG TRON LOI
DE: EN: VI:
WINKELFRAESER FORM A ANGULAR CUTTER TYP A DAO PHAY GOC DANG A
DE: EN: VI:
V-NUTFRAESER V-SLOT CUTTER DAO PHAY RANH V
DE: EN: VI: DE: EN: VI:
WINKELFRAESER FORM B CORNER TOOL TYPE B DAO PHAY GOC DANG B REIBAHLE REAMER LI DOA
DE: EN: VI:
NUTFRAESER SLOT CUTTER DAO PHAY MAT AU

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TRNG AI HOC S PHAM KY THUAT TP.

HO CH MINH Trung tam ao tao Viet - c

Thanh pho Ho Ch Minh 04.2001

TP. Ho Ch Minh, thang 04 nam 2001

NGUYEN ANH TUAN

2.3 Cac iem chuan va iem 0 tren may CNC

3.5 He thong kep CNC

4.2 C s lap trnh NC

4.3 Lap trnh NC can ban

K thuat CNC can ban

KHAI QUAT VE KY THUAT CNC

1.1 Lch s phat trien cua ky thuat CNC

ieu khien so.

CIM CAD / CAM CAD FFS CNC NC

(Numerical control with integrated computer):

FFS CAD CAM CIM

1.2 So sanh may cong cu thong thng va CNC

K thuat CNC can ban

K thuat CNC can ban

Nang suat o phc tap va o chnh xac gia cong

May cong cu CNC May cong cu thong thng

K thuat CNC can ban

1.3 ac iem cua may cong cu CNC hien ai

Hnh 4 Cac truc NC ieu khien c tren may phay

ong c bc tien Ban may He thong o

Truc truyen ong

He thong o hanh trnh

Cam bien (cam bien vong quay)

K thuat CNC can ban

Truyen ong chnh va cac truc cong tac

K thuat CNC can ban

Thiet b kep chi tiet

Thiet b ga va thay dao

Hnh 12 au rvolve cha dao

Hnh13 O cha dao dang xch 1

K thuat CNC can ban

An toan lao ong ben may cong cu CNC

K thuat CNC can ban

Cau hoi kiem tra C s k thuat CNC

C s hnh hoc cho gia cong CNC

V du: P1 X = 80 X = -80 X = -50 X = 40 Y = 40 Y = 70 Y = -40 Y = -70

C s hnh hoc cho gia cong CNC

Goc quay cua cac truc

C s hnh hoc cho gia cong CNC

Xac nh he toa o lien quan en chi tiet va may

M Hnh 21 He toa o may

iem 0 cua may

W iem 0 cua chi tiet Hnh 22 He toa o chi tiet

Hnh 23 Chi tiet phay trong he toa o e-cac khong gian

May tien CNC

C s hnh hoc cho gia cong CNC

Luyen tap CNC

Nhap toa o cac iem vao bang. X a b c d Y

Nhap toa o e-cac cua cac iem vao bang. X a b c d Y Z

C s hnh hoc cho gia cong CNC

Cac truc quay va truc bc tien tren may CNC

Hnh 30 Cac truc tren may tien

C s hnh hoc cho gia cong CNC

Chieu chuyen ong tren may CNC

Ghi kch thc thch hp theo NC

C s hnh hoc cho gia cong CNC

Thoat khoi thiet lap cong nghe.

(Chieu Z+) (Chieu Z-) (Chieu X+) (Chieu X-)