Giao An Dai So8

Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012

Ngy son : 22/8/2011
Ngy dy :...................
CHNG I
PHP NHN V PHP CHIA CC A THC
Tit 1: NHN N THC VI A THC
I.MC TIU
+ Kin thc: - HS nm c cc qui tc v nhn n thc vi a thc theo cng thc:
A(B t C) = AB t AC. Trong A, B, C l n thc.
+ K nng: - HS thc hnh ng cc php tnh nhn n thc vi a thc c khng 3
hng t v khng qu 2 bin.
+ Thi :- Rn luyn t duy sng to, tnh cn thn.
II. CHUN B:
+ dng: Bng ph. Bi tp in sn
+ Phng php: Dy hc tch cc
III. TIN TRNH BI DY
NI DUNG HOT NG CA GV HOT NG CA HS
Hot ng 1 : Kim tra bi c (5)

- Tnh cc tch sau:
a) (-2x
3
) (x
2
) =
-2x
3
.x
2
= -2x
5
b) (6xy
2
)(
3
1
x
3
y)
= 6xy
2
3
1
x
3
y = 2x
4
y
3

- GV hi :
+ Th no l mt n thc?
Cho v d v n thc mt
bin, n thc hai bin?
+ Th no l mt a thc?
Cho v d v a thc mt
bin, a thc hai bin?
- Tnh cc tch sau:
a) (-2x
3
)(x
2
)
b) (6xy
2
)(
3
1
x
3
y)
- GV cht li vn v lu
: khi thc hin php tnh, ta
c th tnh nhm cc kt qu
ca phn h s, cc phn
bin cng tn v ghi ngay kt
qu vo tch cui cng
- HS tr li ti ch:
* n thc l mt biu thc
i s trong cc php ton
trn cc bin ch l nhng
php nhn hoc lu tha
khng m. (v d)
* a thc l tng ca cc n
thc. (v d)
- HS lm ti ch, sau trnh
by ln bng:
a) (-2x
3
)(x
2
)= -2x
3
.x
2
= -2x
5

b)(6xy
2
)(
3
1
x
3
y)=6xy
2
3
1
x
3
y=
2x
4
y
3

- HS nghe hiu v ghi nh
Hot ng 2 : Gii thiu bi mi (2)
1. NHN N
- Php nhn n thc vi a
thc c g mi l, phi thc
- HS nghe v chun b tm
th hc bi mi
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
1
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
THC VI A THC

hin nh th no? hiu r,
ta hy nghin cu bi hc
hm nay.
Hot ng 3 : Vo bi mi (20)
1. Kin thc : Hs nm c quy tc nhn n thc vi a thc
2. K nng : HS nhn thnh tho n thc vi a thc.
1.Qui tc:
a/ V d :
5x.(3x
2
4x + 1)
= 5x.3x
2
+ 5x.(-4x) +
5x.1
= 15x
3
20x
2
+ 5x
b/ Qui tc : (sgk tr4)
A.(B+C) = A.B +A.C
2.p dng:
V d : Lm tnh nhn
(-2x
3
).(x
2
+ 5x -
2
1
)
Gii
(-2x
3
).(x
2
+ 5x -
2
1
)
= (-2x
3
).x
2
+ (-2x
3
).5x +
(-2x
3
)(-
2
1
) = -2x
5
-
10x
4
+x
3

- Cho HS thc hin ?1 (nu
yu cu nh sgk)
- GV theo di. Yu cu 1
HS ln bng trnh by
- Cho HS kim tra kt qu
ln nhau
- T cch lm, em hy cho
bit qui tc nhn n thc
vi a thc?
- GV pht biu v vit cng
thc ln bng
- GV a ra v d mi v
gii mu trn bng
- GV lu : Khi thc hin
php nhn cc n thc vi
nhau, cc n thc c h s
m c t trong du
ngoc ()
- HS thc hin (mi em lm
bi vi v d ca mnh)
- Mt HS ln bng trnh by
5x.(3x
2
4x + 1)
= 5x.3x
2
+ 5x.(-4x) + 5x.1
= 15x
3
20x
2
+ 5x
- C lp nhn xt,HS i bi,
kim tra ln nhau
- HS pht biu
- HS nhc li v ghi cng
thc
- HS nghe v ghi nh
Hot ng 4 : Cng c (15)
* Thc hin ?2
,
_
+ xy x y x
5
1
2
1
3
2 3
.6xy
3

= 3x
3
y.6xy
3
+(-
2
1
x
2
).6xy
3
+
5
1
xy.6xy
3
= 18x
4
y
4

3x
3
y
3
+
5
6
x
2
y
4

* Thc hin ?3
S=
2
1
[(5x+3) +
(3x+y).2y]
- Ghi ?2 ln bng, yu cu
HS t gii (gi 1 HS ln
bng)
- Theo di, gip HS yu
- Thu v kim nhanh 5 bi
ca HS
- nh gi, nhn xt chung
- Treo bng ph bi gii
mu
- c ?3
- Cho bit cng thc tnh
din tch hnh thang?
- Mt HS lm bng, HS
khc lm vo v
- HS np bi theo yu cu
- Nhn xt bi gii bng
- T sa vo v (nu sai)
- HS c v tm hiu ?3
S = 1/2(a+b)h
- HS thc hin theo nhm
nh
- i din nhm bo co kt
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
2
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
= 8xy + y
2
+3y
Vi x = 3, y = 2
th S = 58 (m
2
)
Bi tp 1 trang 5 Sgk
a) x
2
(5x
3
- x -
2
1
)
b) (3xy x
2
+ y)
3
2
x
2
y
c) (4x
3
5xy +2x)(-
2
1
xy)
- Yu cu HS thc hin theo
nhm
- Cho HS bo co kt qu
- GV nh gi v cht li
bng cch vit biu thc v
cho p s
- Ghi bi 1(a,b,c) ln
bng ph, gi 3 HS (mi HS
lm 1 bi)
Bi tp 1 trang 5 Sgk
- Nhn xt bi lm bng?
- GV cht li cc gii
/s; a) 5x
5
-x
3
-1/2
2
x
b) 2x
3
y
2
-2/3x
4
y+2/3x
2
y
2
c)-2x
4
y+2/5x
2
y
2
-x
2
y
qu
- 3 HS cng lc lm bng,
c lp lm vo v
- HS nhn xt bi bng
a) 5x
5
-x
3
-1/2
2
x
b) 2x
3
y
2
-2/3x
4
y+2/3x
2
y
2
c)-2x
4
y+2/5x
2
y
2
-x
2
y
- T sa vo v (nu c sai)
Hot ng 5 : Hng dn v nh (3)
BTVN.
Bi tp 2 trang 5 Sgk
Bi tp 3 trang 5 Sgk
Bi tp 6 trang 5 Sgk
GV dn d, hng dn:
- Hc thuc qui tc
Bi tp 2 trang 5 Sgk
* Nhn n thc vi a
thc, thu gn sau thay gi
tr
Bi tp 3 trang 5 Sgk
* Cch lm tng t
Bi tp 6 trang 5 Sgk
* Cch lm tng t
- n n thc ng dng,
thu gn n thc ng dng.
- HS nghe dn
IV. RT KINH NGHIM.
Ngy son : 23/8/2011
Ngy dy :...................
Tit 2 : NHN A THC VI A THC
I- MC TIU :
+ Kin thc: - HS nm vng qui tc nhn a thc vi a thc.
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
3
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
- Bit cch nhn 2 a thc mt bin sp xp cng chiu
+ K nng: - HS thc hin ng php nhn a thc (ch thc hin nhn 2 a thc mt
bin sp xp )
+ Thi : - Rn t duy sng to v tnh cn thn.
II. CHUN B:
+ dng: - Bng ph, thc thng
+ Phng php : Nu v gii quyt vn
III- TIN TRNH BI DY
NI DUNG HOT NG
CA GV
HOT NG CA HS
1/ Pht biu qui tc nhn
n thc vi a thc. (4)
2/ Lm tnh nhn: (6)
a) 2x(3x
3
x +
)
b) (3x
2
5xy
+y
2
)(-2xy)
- Treo bng ph, nu cu
hi v biu im
- Gi mt HS
- Kim tra v bi tp vi
em
- nh gi, cho im
- GV cht li qui tc, v
du
- Mt HS ln bng tr li cu
hi v thc hin php tnh.
- C lp lm vo v bi tp.
a) 6x
4
-2 x
2
+x
b) -6x
3
y+10x
2
y
2
-2xy
3
- Nhn xt bi lm bng
2. NHN A THC
VI A THC
- GV vo bi trc tip v
ghi ta bi ln bng
- HS ghi vo v
Hot ng 3 : Quy tc (20)
1. Quy tc:

a) V d :
(x 2)(6x
2
5x +1)
= x.(6x
2
5x +1) +(-2).
(6x
2
-5x+1)
= x.6x
2
+ x.(-5x) +x.1 +
(-2).6x
2
+(-2).(-5x) +(-
2).1=
6x
3
5x
2
+ x 12x
2
+10x
2
= 6x
3
17x
2
+11x 2
b) Quy tc: (Sgk tr7)
- Ghi bng:
(x 2)(6x
2
5x +1)
- Theo cc em, ta lm php
tnh ny nh th no?
* Gi : nhn mi hng t
ca a thc x-2 vi a thc
6x
2
-5x+1 ri cng cc kt
qu li
- GV trnh by li cch lm
- T v d trn, em no c
th pht biu c quy tc
nhn a thc vi a thc
- GV cht li quy tc
- GV nu nhn xt nh Sgk
- Cho HS lm ?1 Theo di
HS lm bi, cho HS nhn
- HS ghi vo nhp, suy ngh
cch lm v tr li
- HS nghe hng dn, thc
hin php tnh v cho bit kt
qu tm c
- HS sahoc ghi vo v
- HS pht biu
- HS khc pht biu

- HS nhc li quy tc vi ln
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
4
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
?1 (xy 1).(x
3
2x 6)
= xy.(x
3
2x6) 1(x
3
2x6)
= x
4
y x
2
y 3xy x
3
+
2x +6

* Ch : Nhn hai a thc
sp xp
6x
2
5x + 1
x 2
- 12x
2
+ 10x 2
6x
3
5x
2
+ x
6x
3
17x
2
+ 11x 2
xt bi lm cu bn ri a
ra bi gii mu
- Gii thiu cch khc
- Cho HS c ch SGK
- Hi: Cch thc hin?
- GV hng dn li mt
cch trc quan tng thao
tc
- HS thc hin ?1 . Mt HS
lm bng c lp lm vo
v sau nhn xt bng
(xy 1).(x
3
2x 6) =
= xy.(x
3
2x6) 1(x
3
2x
6)
= x
4
y x
2
y 3xy x
3
+ 2x
+6
- HS c SGK
- HS tr li
- Nghe hiu v ghi bi (phn
thc hin php tnh theo ct
dc)
Hot ng 4 : Ap dng (14)
2. Ap dng :
?2 a) (x+3)(x
2
+3x 5)
= x
3
+ 6x
2
+ 4x 15
c) (xy 1)(xy +
5)
= x
2
y
2
+ 4xy 5
?3
S= (2x+y)(2x y) = 4x
2

y
2

S = 4(5/2)
2
1 = 25 1
= 24 m
2

- GV yu cu HS thc hin
?2 vo phiu hc tp
- GV yu cu HS thc hin
?3
- GV nhn xt, nh gi
chung
- HS thc hin ?2 trn phiu
hc tp
a) (x+3)(x
2
+3x 5) =
= x
3
+ 6x
2
+ 4x 15
d) (xy 1)(xy + 5)
=
= x
2
y
2
+ 4xy 5
- HS thc hin ?3 (tng t ?
2)
S= (2x+y)(2x y) = 4x
2
y
2

S = 4(5/2)
2
1 = 25 1 = 24
m
2
Hot ng 5 : Dn d (5)
BTVN.
Bi tp 7 trang 8 Sgk
Bi tp 8 trang 8 Sgk
Bi tp 9 trang 8 Sgk
- Hc thuc quy tc, xem
li cc bi gii
- Bi tp 7 trang 8 Sgk
* p dng qui tc
* Tng t bi 7
* Nhn a thc vi a
thc, thu gn sau thay
gi tr
- HS nghe dn . Ghi ch vo
v
- Xem li qui tc
- C th s dng my tnh b
ti tnh gi tr
IV. RT KINH NGHIM.
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
5
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
Ngy son : 25/8/2011
Ngy dy :...................
Tit :3 LUYN TP
I.MC TIU:
1. Kin thc : Hc sinh cng c kin thc v qui tc nhnn thc vi a thc, nhn
a thc vi a thc.
2. K nng : Thc hnh thnh tho php nhn n thc vi a thc, nhn a thc
vi a thc .
3. Thi : Rn tnh cn thn, chnh xc trong qa trnh tnh ton.
II.PHNG TIN DY HC:
- dng: Bng ph
- Ti liu: SGK; SGV; SBT
- Phng php: Thc hnh, tng hp
- Hnh thc t chc: C nhn.
III. IN TRNH DY HC
Hot ng 1 : Kim ra bi c (10)
1/ Pht biu qui tc nhn
a thc vi a thc (4)
2/Tnh: (x-5)(x
2
+5x+25)
(5)
T kt qu trn =>
(5-x)(x
2
+5x+25)
gii thch? (1)
- Treo bng ph ghi cu
hi kim tra ; gi 1 HS
- Kim tra v bi lm vi
HS
- Cho HS nhn xt bi
lm
- Cht li vn : Vi
A,B l hai a thc ta c :
(-A).B= -(AB)
- Mt HS ln bng tr li
cu hi v thc hin php
tnh ; cn li lm ti ch
bi tp
=> x
3
- 125
=> 125- x
3
- C lp nhn xt
- HS nghe GV cht li
vn v ghi ch vo
v
Hot ng 2 : Luyn tp (25)
- Kin thc : Hc sinh cng c kin thc v qui tc nhnn thc vi a thc,
nhn a thc vi a thc.
- K nng : Thc hnh thnh tho php nhn n thc vi a thc, nhn a
thc vi a thc .
Bi 12 trang 8 Sgk - Bi 12 trang 8 Sgk
- HD : thc hin cc tch
ri rt gn. Sau thay
- c yu cu ca bi
- Nghe hng dn
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
6
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
A= (x
2
-5)(x+3)+(x+4)(x-
x
2
)
A= -x-15
a) x=0 => A= -15
b) x=15 => A= -30
c) x= -15 => A= 0
d) x=0,15 => A= -15,15
Bi 13 trang 8 Sgk
Tm x, bit :
(12x-5)(4x-1)+(3x-7)(1-
6x)
= 81
/S: 48x
2
-12x-
20x+5+3x-48x
2
-7+112x
= 81
83x = 83
x = 1
gi tr
- Chia 4 nhm: nhm 1+2
lm cu a+b, nhm 3+4
lm cu c+d
- Cho HS nhn xt.
- Cho HS nhn xt. GV
nhn xt, nh gi
- Ghi bi ln bng
Bi 13 trang 8 Sgk
- Gi mt HS lm bng.
- Cn li lm vo tp
- Cho HS nhn xt
- Cht li cch lm
- HS chia nhm lm vic
A= -x-15
a) x=0 => A= -15
b) x=15 => A= -30
c) x= -15 => A= 0
d) x=0,15 => A= -15,15
- 1 HS ln bng lm, cc
em cn li lm vo v
(12x-5)(4x-1) +(3x-7)(1-
16x) =81
48x
2
-12x-20x+5+3x-
48x
2
-7+112x
=81
83x = 83
x = 1
- Nhn xt kt qu, cch
lm
- Nhc li cc qui tc
hc cch lm bi dng bi
12, 13?
- Cho HS nhn xt
- HS pht biu qui tc
- Cch lm bi dng bi
12, 13
* Nhn n thc,a thc
vi a thc, sau thu
gn
- Nhn xt
Hot ng 4 : Hng dn hc nh (5)
BTVN.
Bi tp 11 trang 8 Sgk
* Nhn n thc,a thc
vi a thc, sau thu
gn
* x, x+2, x+4
* Tng t bi 13
- HS nghe dn , ghi ch
vo v
IV. RT KINH NGHIM.
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
7
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
Ngy son : 29/8/2011
Ngy dy :...................
Tit 4 : NHNG HNG NG THC NG NH
I . MC TIU:
1. Kin thc : Kin thc: hc sinh hiu v nh thuc lng tt c bng cng thc v pht
biu thnh li v bnh phng ca tng bng phng ca 1 hiu v hiu 2 bnh phng
2. K nng : hc sinh bit p dng cng thc tnh nhm tnh nhanh mt cch hp l
gi tr ca biu thc i s
3. Thi : rn luyn tnh nhanh nhn, thng minh v cn thn
II. CHUN B:
GV: - Bng ph.
HS: dung c,BT
III TIN TRNH GI DY:
NI DUNG GHI BNG HOT NG CA GV HOT NG CA HS
1/ Pht biu qui tc nhn a
thc vi a thc. (4)
2/ Tnh : (2x+1)(2x+1) =
(6)
- Treo bng ph (hoc ghi
bng)
- Gi mt HS
- Cho c lp nhn xt
- GV nh gi, cho im
- Mt HS ln bng, c lp
theo di v lm nhp
=> 4x
2
+4x+1
- HS nhn xt
3. NHNG HNG NG
THC NG NH
- Khng thc hin php nhn
c th tnh tch trn mt cch
nhanh chng hn khng?
- Gii thiu bi mi
- HS tp trung ch , suy
ngh
- Ghi ta bi
Hot ng 3 : Tm qui tc bnh phng mt tng (11)
1. Kin thc : HS Hiu c bnh phng ca mt tng.
2. K nng : HS Khai trin c hng ng thc bnh phng ca mt tng v vit mt
biu thc thnh bnh phng ca mt tng.
1.Bnhphngca mt
tng:
(A + B)
2
= A
2
+ 2AB + B
2

-GV yu cu: Thc hin php
nhn: (a+b)(a+b)
- T rt ra
(a+b)
2
=
- Tng qut: A, B l cc biu
thc tu , ta c (Ghi bng)
- Dng tranh v (H1 sgk)
hng dn HS ngha hnh
- HS thc hin trn nhp
(a+b)(a+b) = a
2
+2ab+b
2
- T rt ra:
(a+b)
2
= a
2
+2ab+b
2
- HS ghi bi
- HS quan st, nghe ging
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
8
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
Ap dng:
a) (a+1)
2
= a
2
+ 2a + 1
b) x
2
+ 4x+ 4 = = (x+2)
2

c) 51
2
= (50 + 1)
2
= =
2601
d) 301
2
=(300+1)
2
= =
90601
hc ca HT
- Pht biu HT trn bng
li?
- Cho HS thc hin p dng
sgk
- Thu mt vi phiu hc tp
ca HS
- Cho HS nhn xt bng
- GV nhn xt nh gi
chung
- HS pht biu
- HS lm trn phiu hc tp,
4 HS lm trn bng
a) (a+1)
2
= a
2
+ 2a + 1
b) x
2
+ 4x+ 4 = = (x+2)
2

c) 51
2
= (50 + 1)
2
= =
2601
d) 301
2
= (300+1)
2

= = 90601
- C lp nhn xt bng
- T sa sai (nu c)
Hot ng 4 : Tm qui tc bnh phng mt hiu (8)
1. Kin thc : HS Hiu c bnh phng ca mt hiu.
2. K nng : HS Khai trin c hng ng thc bnh phng ca mt hiu v vit mt
biu thc thnh bnh phng ca mt hiu.
2. Bnh phng ca mt
hiu:
(A-B)
2
= A
2
2AB+ B
2

Ap dng
a) (x 1/2)
2
= x
2
x + 1/4
b) (2x3y)
2
= 4x
2
12xy+9y
2

c) 99
2
= (1001)
2
= = 9801
- Hy tm cng thc (A B)
2
(?3)
- GV gi hai cch tnh, gi
2 HS cng thc hin
- Cho HS nhn xt
- Cho HS pht biu bng li
ghi bng
- Cho HS lm bi tp p dng
- Theo di HS lm bi
- Cho HS nhn xt
- HS lm trn phiu hc tp:
(A B)
2
= [A +(-B)]
2
=
(A B)
2
= (A B)(A B)
- HS nhn xt rt ra kt qu
- HS pht biu v ghi bi
- HS lm bi tp p dng
vo v
a) (x 1/2)
2
= x
2
x + 1/4
b)(2x3y)
2
= 4x
2
12xy + 9y
2
c)99
2
=(1001)
2
== 9801
- HS nhn xt v t sa
Hot ng 5 : Tm qui tc hiu hai bnh phng (11)
1. Kin thc : HS Hiu c hiu hai bnh phng .
2. K nng : HS Khai trin c hng ng thc hiu hai bnh phng v vit mt biu
thc thnh hiu hai bnh phng .
3. Hiu hai bnh phng :
A
2
B
2
= (A+B)(A B)
- Thc hin ?5 :
- Thc hin php tnh (a+b)
(a-b) , t rt ra kt lun a
2

b
2
=
v ghi cng thc ln bng
- HS thc hin theo yu cu
GV
(a+b)(a-b) = a
2
b
2
=> a
2
b
2
= (a+b)(a-b)
- HS pht biu v ghi bi
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
9
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
Ap dng:
a) (x +1)(x 1) = x
2
1
b) (x 2y)(x +2y) = x
2
4y
2

c) 56.64 = (60 4)(60 +4) =
60
2
4
2
= = 3584
- Hy lm cc bi tp p
dng (sgk) ln phiu hc tp
- C lp nhn xt
- HS tr li ming bi a, lm
phiu hc tp bi b+c
a) (x +1)(x 1) = x
2
1
b) (x 2y)(x +2y) = x
2
4y
2

c) 56.64 = (60 4)(60 +4) =
60
2
4
2
= = 3584
- C lp nhn xt
Bi tp ?7
+ C c v Th u ng
+ HT : (A-B)
2
= (B-A)
2

- Bi Tp 16(bc), 18(ab):
16b/ 9x
2
+y
2
+6xy = (3x +y)
2

c/ 25a
2
+4b
2
20ab = (5a-2b)
2
18a) x
2
+6xy +9y
2
= (x+3y)
2

b) x
2
10xy+25y
2

= (x5y)
2

- GV yu cu HS lm c
nhn v tr li bng ming.
* Gi :
1/ c v Th ai ng?
2/ Sn rt ra c HT?
- Cho HS lm cc bi tp Sgk
(tr11)
* Gi : xc nh gi tr ca
A,B bng cch xem A
2
= ?
A
B
2
= ? B
Yu cu HS nhn xt
- HS c ?7 (sgk trang 11)
- Tr li ming:
- Kt lun:
(x y)
2
= (y x)
2
- HS hp tc lm bi ti ch
v 2 em ln bng trnh by
bi gii.
16b/ 9x
2
+y
2
+6xy = (3x +y)
2

c/ 25a
2
+4b
2
20ab = (5a-2b)
2
18a) x
2
+6xy +9y
2
= (x+3y)
2

b) x
2
10xy+25y
2
= (x
5y)
2
- Nhn xt bi lm ca bn
BTVN.
- Hc thuc lng hng ng
thc
ch du ca hng ng thc
* p dng HT 1+2
- HS nghe dn
IV. RT KINH NGHIM.
Ngy son : 03/9/2011
Ngy dy :...................
Tit 5 : LUYN TP
I.MC TIU:
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
10
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
1. Kin thc : Hc sinh cng c kin thc v 3 hng ng thc u.
2. K nng : Bit vn dng cc hng ng thc hc tnh nhanh, nhm, hp l.
3. Thi : Rn tnh cn thn, chnh xc trong qa trnh tnh ton.
III.TIN TRNH DY HC:
- dng: Bng ph, phn mu
- Ti liu: SGK; SGV; SBT
- Phng php: luyn tp, tng hp
- Hnh thc t chc: C nhn; nhm.
II.PHNG TIN DY HC:
NI DUNG GHI BNG HOT NG CA GV HOT NG CA HS
1/ Vit ba HT hc (6)
2/ Vit cc biu thc sau
di dng bnh phng 1
tng (hiu) (4)
a) x
2
+2x +1
b) 25a
2
+4b
2
20ab
- Treo bng ph kim tra
- Kim v bi lm nh
(3HS)
- Cho HS nhn xt
- GV nh gi cho im
- Mt HS ln bng, cn li
chp vo v v lm bi ti
ch.
a) (x+1)
2
b) (5a-2b)
2
- Nhn xt bi lm bng
- T sa sai (nu c)
- Kin thc : Hc sinh cng c kin thc v 3 hng ng thc u.
- K nng : Bit vn dng cc hng ng thc hc tnh nhanh, nhm, hp l.
Bi 20 trang 12 Sgk
x
2
+ 2xy +4y
2
= (x +2y)
2

(kt qu ny sai)
Bi 21 trang12 Sgk
Tnh nhanh
a) 9x
2
-6x+1= (3x-1)
2
b) (2x+3y)
2
+2(2x+3y)+1
= (2x+3y+1)
2
- V phi c dng HT no?
Hy tnh (x+2y)
2
ri nhn
xt?
- Gi 2 HS cng ln bng
* Gi vi HS yu: a bi
ton v dng HT (p dng
HT no?)
- Cho HS nhn xt bng
- GV nh gi chung, cht li

- c bi v suy ngh tr
li
VP= x
2
+4xy+4y
2
VTVP =>(kt qu ny sai)
- Hai HS cng ln bng cn
li lm vo v tng bi
a) 9x
2
-6x+1= (3x-1)
2
b) (2x+3y)
2
+2(2x+3y)+1
= (2x+3y+1)
2
- HS nhn xt kt qu,
cch lm tng bi
Bi 23 trang 12 Sgk
Chng minh
* (a+b)
2
=(a-b)
2
+4ab
VP = a
2
-2ab + b
2
+4ab
- Hng dn cch thc hin
bi chng minh hai biu thc
bng nhau. Yu cu HS hp
tc theo nhm lm bi
- Cho i din nhm trnh
by, c lp nhn xt.
- HS c bi 23.
- Nghe hng dn sau hp
tc lm bi theo nhm :
nhm 1+3 lm bi u, nhm
2+ 4 lm bi cn li.
* (a+b)
2
=(a-b)
2
+4ab
VP = a
2
-2ab + b
2
+4ab
= a
2
+2ab +b
2
= (a+b)
2

Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
11
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
= a
2
+2ab +b
2
= (a+b)
2

=VT
* (a-b)
2
=(a+b)
2
4ab
VP = a
2
+2ab + b
2
4ab
= a
2
2ab +b
2
= (a-b)
2

=VT
Ap dng:
a) (a -b)
2
= 7
2
- 4.12=49 -48
=1
b)(a+b)
2
=20
2
-
4.3=400+12=412
- GV nu ngha ca bi tp
- p dng vo bi a, b?

- Cho HS nhn xt
- GV nh gi
=VT
* (a-b)
2
=(a+b)
2
4ab
VP = a
2
+2ab + b
2
4ab
= a
2
2ab +b
2
= (a-b)
2

=VT
- HS nghe v ghi nh
- HS vn dng, 2 HS lm
bng
a) (a -b)
2
= 7
2
- 4.12=49 -48 =
1
b)(a+b)
2
=20
2

-4.3=400+12=412
- Nhn xt kt qu trn bng
- Nu nhn xt u khuyt
im ca HS qua gi luyn
tp
- Nu cc vn thng mc
sai lm.
- Xem li li gii cc bi
gii.
BTVN.
* Tch thnh bnh phng
ca mt tng hoc hiu
* Dng HT
* Tng t bi 24
- HS nghe dn v ghi ch vo
v
IV. RT KINH NGHIM.
Ngy son : 06/9/2011
Ngy dy :...................
TIT 6: NHNG HNG NG THC NG NH (Tip)
I . MC TIU :
1. Kin thc : hc sinh hiu v nh thuc lng tt c bng cng thc v pht biu
thnh li v lp phng ca tng lp phng ca 1 hiu .
2. K nng : hc sinh bit p dng cng thc tnh nhm tnh nhanh mt cch hp
l gi tr ca biu thc i s
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
12
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
3. Thi : rn luyn tnh nhanh nhn, thng minh v cn thn
II. CHUN B:
- dng : Bng ph, thc thng
- Phng php : Dy hc tch cc
III. TIN TRNH GI DY:
Hot ng 1 : Kim tra bi c (4pht)
1/ Vit 3 hng ng thc
(6)
2/ Tnh :
a) (3x y)
2
= (2)
b) (2x + )(2x - ) (2)
- Treo bi
- Gi mt HS ln bng
- Cho HS nhn xt bng
- nh gi cho im
- Mt HS ln bng
- HS cn li lm vo v bi
tp
1/ = 9x
2
6xy + y
2

2/ = 4x
2

4, 5. NHNG HNG
NG THC NG NH
(tip)
- GV vo bi trc tip: ta
hc ba hng ng thc bc
hai
- Chng ta tip tc nghin
cu v cc hng ng thc
bc ba
- Ch nghe, chun b tm
th vo bi
- Ghi bi vo v
Hot ng 3 : Tm HT lp phng mt tng (10)
1. Kin thc : hs nm c cng thc lp phng ca mt tng
2. K nng : bit khai trin hng ng thc lp phng ca mt tng v vit biu thc di
dng lp phng ca mt tng.
4. Lp phng ca mt
tng:

(A+B)
3
= A
3
+3A
2
B+3AB
2
+B
3

Ap dng:
- a) (x + 1)
3
=x
3
+3x
2
+3x+1
- b) (2x + y)
3
=8x
3
+12x
2
y+6xy
2
+y
3
- Nu ?1 v yu cu HS thc
hin
- Ghi kt qu php tnh ln
bng ri rt ra cng thc
(a+b)
3
=
- T cng thc hy pht biu
bng li?
- Vi A, B l cc biu thc
tu , ta cng c: (A+B)
3
=

thay bng t hng t (?2)
- Ghi bng bi p dng
- Ghi bng kt qu v lu
HS tnh cht hai chiu ca
php tnh
- HS thc hin ?1 theo yu
cu :
* Thc hin php tnh ti ch
* ng ti ch bo co kt
qu
- HS pht biu, HS khc hon
chnh nhc li
(A+B)
3
= A
3
+3A
2
B+3AB
2
+B
3
- HS pht biu (thay t s
bng t hng t)
- HS thc hin php tnh
- a) (x + 1)
3
=
- b) (2x + y)
3
=
Hot ng 4 : (Tm HT lp phng mt hiu) (10)
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
13
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
1. Kin thc : HS nm c cng thc lp phng ca mt hiu.
2. K nng : bit khai trin hng ng thc lp phng ca mt hiu it biu thc di
dng lp phng ca mt hiu.
5. Lp phng ca mt hiu:

(A-B)
3
= A
3
-3A
2
B+3AB
2
-B
3

Ap dng:
a) (x -1/3)
3
=..= x
3
-x
2
+1/3x -
1/27
b) (x-2y)
3
==x
3
-6x
2
y+12xy
2
-y
3

c) Khng nh ng: 1, 3
(A-B)
2
= (B-A)
2
(A-B)
3
(B-A)
3
- Nu ?3
- Ghi bng kt qu HS thc
hin cho c lp nhn xt
- Pht biu bng li HT trn
?4
- Lm bi tp p dng
- Gi 2 HS vit kt qu a,b
ln bng (mi em 1 cu)
- Gi HS tr li cu c
- GV cht li v rt ra nhn
xt
- HS lm ?3 trn phiu hc
tp
- T [a+(-b)]
3
rt ra (a-b)
3

(A-B)
3
= A
3
-3A
2
B+3AB
2
-B
3
- Hai HS pht biu bng li
a. (x -1/3)
3
=..= x
3
-x
2
+1/3x -
1/27
b) (x-2y)
3
==x
3
-6x
2
y+12xy
2
-y
3

- C lp nhn xt
- ng ti ch tr li v gii
thch tng cu
Hot ng 5: Dn d (3)
- Vit mi cng thc nhiu ln.
- Din t cc hng ng thc o
bng li.
- Bi tp: 26;27(tr 14SGK)
- HS nghe dn
- Ghi ch vo v
IV. RT KINH NGHIM.
Ngy son : 9/9/2011
Ngy dy :.................
TIT 7 : NHNG HNG NG THC NG NH (Tip)
I. MC TIU :
- Kin thc: H/s nm c cc hng ng thc : Tng ca 2 lp phng, hiu ca 2 lp
phng, phn bit c s khc nhau gia cc khi nim " Tng 2 lp phng", " Hiu 2
lp phng" vi khi nim " lp phng ca 1 tng" " lp phng ca 1 hiu".
- K nng: HS bit vn dng cc hng ng thc " Tng 2 lp phng, hiu 2 lp
phng" vo gii bi tp
- Thi : Gio dc tnh cn thn, rn tr nh.
II. CHUN B:
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
14
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
- dng : Bng ph , phiu hc tp
III. TIN TRNH BI DY:
1.Kim tra bi c:
- GV a KT ra bng ph
+ HS1: Tnh a). (3x-2y)
3
; b). (2x +
1
3
)
3

+ HS2: Vit cc hng ng thc lp phng ca 1 tng, lp phng ca 1 hiu v pht
biu thnh li?
p n v biu im a, (5) HS1 (3x - 2y) = 27x
3
- 54x
2
y + 36xy
2
- 8y
3
b, (5) (2x +
1
3
)
3
= 8x
3
+4x
2
+
2
3
x +
1
27
2. Bi mi:
Hot ng 5: Tm hiu HT Tng hai lp phng(8 pht)
1. Kin thc : HS nm c cng thc tng hai lp phng.
2. K nng : bit khai trin hng ng tng hai lp phng bit biu thc di dng tng
hai lp phng .
6. Tng hai lp phng:
Vi A v B l cc biu thc
tu ta c:
A
3
+B
3
= (A+B)(A
2
-AB+B
2
)
Qui c gi A
2
AB + B
2
l
bnh phng thiu ca mt
hiu A B
Ap dng:
a) x
3
+8 = (x+2)(x
2
- 2x+ 4)
b) (x+1)(x
2
x+1) = x
3
+ 1
- Nu ?1 , yu cu HS thc
hin
- T ta rt ra a
3
+ b
3
= ?
- Vi A v B l cc biu thc
tu ta c?
- Yu cu HS pht biu bng
li hng ng thc
- GV pht biu cht li
- Ghi bng bi ton p dng
- GV gi HS nhn xt v
hon chnh
- HS thc hin ?1 cho bit kt
qu:
(a + b)(a
2
ab + b
2
) = = a
3
+ b
3

A
3
+B
3
= (A+B)(A
2
-AB+B
2
)
- HS pht biu bng li
- HS nghe v nhc li (vi
ln)
- Hai HS ln bng lm
a) x
3
+8 = (x+2)(x
2
- 2x+ 4)
b) (x+1)(x
2
x+1) = x
3
+ 1
Hot ng 6 : Tm hiu HT Hiu hai lp phng(8pht)
1. Kin thc : HS nm c cng thc hiu hai lp phng.
2. K nng : bit khai trin hng ng hiu hai lp phng bit biu thc di dng hiu
hai lp phng .
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
15
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
7. Hiu hai lp phng:

tu ta c:
A
3
-B
3
= (A-B)(A
2
+AB+B
2
)
Qui c gi A
2
+ AB + B
2

l bnh phng thiu ca
mt tng A + B
Ap dng
- Nu ?3 , yu cu HS thc
hin
- T ta rt ra a
3
- b
3
= ? -
tu ta c?
-HS thc hin ?3 cho bit kt
qu:
(a -b)(a
2
+ ab + b
2
) = = a
3
-
b
3

A
3
-B
3
= (A-B)(A
2
+AB+B
2
)
: - Ni v ghi bng qui c,
yu cu - HS pht biu bng
li Ht
- GV pht biu cht li.
- Treo bng ph (bi ton p
dng), gi 3HS ln bng
- HS pht biu bng li
- HS nghe v nhc li (vi
ln)
- Ba HS lm bng (mi em
mt bi), cn li lm vo v
Cng c:
1). Chng t rng:
a) A = 2005
3
- 1 M2004 ; b) B = 2005
3
+ 125 M2010 c) C = x
6
+ 1 Mx
2
+ 1
2). Tm cp s x,y tho mn : x
2
(x + 3) + y
2
(y + 5) - (x + y)(x
2
- xy + y
2
) = 0
3x
2
+ 5y
2
= 0
x = y = 0
Tm cp s nguyn x,y tho mn ng thc sau:
(2x - y)(4x
2
+ 2xy + y
2
) + (2x + y)(4x
2
- 2xy + y
2
) - 16x(x
2
- y) = 32
HDBT 20. Bin i tch, thm bt a v dng hng ng thc
IV. RT KINH NGHIM.
Ngy son : 11/9/2011
Ngy dy :...................

TIT 8 LUYN TP
I. MC TIU :
1. Kin thc : HS cng c v ghi nh mt cch c h thng cc hng ng thc hc.
2. K nng : K nng vn dng cc hng ng thc vo cha bi tp.
3. Thi : Rn luyn tnh cn thn, yu mn hc.
II. CHUN B:
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
16
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
1/ Vit cng thc lp phng
ca mt tng, lp phng ca
mt hiu, tng hai lp
phng, hiu hai lp phng
(5)
2/ Vit cc biu thc sau
di dng tch: (5)
a) 8x
3
1
b) 27 + 64y
3

- Treo bng ph a ra
kim tra. Gi mt HS
- Thu v kim giy vi em
- Cho HS nhn xt- Sa sai
v nh gi cho im
- Mt HS ln bng, cn li
lm vo giy
a) 8x
3
1=(2x-1)(4x
2
+2x+1)
b)27+64y
3
=(3+4y)(9-
12y+16y
2
)
- HS c gi np giy lm
bi.
- Nhn xt bi lm bng
Hot ng 2 : Sa bi tp nh (10)
Bi 31 trang 16 Sgk
a)VP: (a + b)
3
3ab(a + b)
= a
3
+ 3a
2
b+ 3ab
2
+ b
3
3a
2
b
3ab
2
= a
3
+ b
3
.
Vy :a
3
+ b
3
= (a+b)
3
-
3ab(a+b)
b) (a b)
3
+ 3ab(a-b) = a
3

3a
2
b +3ab
2
b
2
= a
3
- b
3

- Ghi bi tp 31 ln bng ,
cho mt HS ln bng trnh
by li gii, GV kim v bi
lm HS
- Cho HS nhn xt li gii
ca bn, sa cha sai st v
cht li vn (v cch gii
mt bi chng minh ng
thc).
- HS ln bng trnh by li
gii, cn li trnh v bi lm
trc mt
- HS nhn xt sa sai bi lm
bng
- HS nghe ghi hiu hng
gii bi ton cm ng thc
Hot ng 3 : Luyn tp trn lp (60)
1. Kin thc : HS cng c v ghi nh mt cch c h thng cc hng ng thc hc.
2. K nng : K nng vn dng cc hng ng thc vo cha bi tp.
Bi 33 trang 16 Sgk
a) (2+xy)
2
= 4 + 4xy + x
2
y
2

b) (5 -3x)
2
= 25 - 30x + 9x
2

c)(5 x
2
)(5+ x
2
) = 25 x
4

d) (5x 1)
3
= 125x
3
75x
2
+ 15x 1
e) (x -2y)(x
2
+2xy + 4y
2
)=x
3
-
8y
3

f) (x+3)(x
2
-3x+9) = x
3
+ 27
-Treo bng ph.Gi 2 HS ln
bng (mi em 3 cu), yu cu
c lp cng lm
- Cho vi HS trnh by kt
qu, c lp nhn xt
- GV nhn xt v hon chnh
- HS lm vic c nhn , 2 HS
lm bng
a) (2+xy)
2
= 4 + 4xy + x
2
y
2

b) (5 -3x)
2
= 25 - 30x + 9x
2

c) (5 x
2
)(5+ x
2
) = 25 x
4

d) (5x 1)
3
=125x
3
75x
2
+15x1
e)(x -2y)(x
2
+2xy + 4y
2
) = x
3
-
8y
3

f) (x+3)(x
2
-3x+9) = x
3
+ 27
- Trnh by kt qu c lp
nhn xt, sa sai (nu c)
- T sa sai v ghi vo v
Bi 34 trang 17 Sgk
a) (a+b)
2
(a-b)
2
= = 4ab
b) (a+b)
3
-(a-b)
3
-2b
3
==
6a
2
b
c) (x+y+z)
2
2(x+y+z)(x+y)+
(x+y)
2

= = z
2

- Ghi bi 34 ln bng, cho
HS lm vic theo nhm nh
t pht
- Gi i din mt vi nhm
nu kt qu, cch lm
- GV ghi bng kim tra kt
qu
- HS lm bi tp theo nhm
nh cng bn
- i din nu cch lm v
cho bit p s ca tng cu
- Sa sai vo bi (nu c)
Bi 35 trang 17 Sgk
a) 34
2
+ 66
2
+ 68.66
= 34
2
+ 66
2
+ 2.34.66 = (34 +
66)
2

= 100
2
= 10.000
b)74
2
+ 24
2
48.74
- Ghi bng bi 35 ln bng
- Hi: Nhn xt xem cc
php tnh ny c c im
g? (cu a? cu b?)
- Hy cho bit p s ca cc
php tnh. GV trnh by li
- HS ghi bi vo v
- HS suy ngh tr li
a) C dng bnh phng ca
mt tng
b) Bnh phng ca mt hiu
17
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
IV. RT KINH NGHIM.
Ngy son : 16/9/2011
Ngy dy :...................
TIT 9 : PHN TCH A THC THNH NHN T
BNG PHNG PHP T NHN T CHUNG
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc : HS hiu phn tch a thc thnh nhn t c ngha l bin i a thc
thnh tch ca a thc. HS bit phn tch a thc thnh nhn t bng phng phpt nhn
t chung.
2. K nng : Bit tm ra cc nhn t chung v t nhn t chung i vi cc a thc
khng qua 3 hng t.
3. Thi : Cn thn chnh xc
II. CHUN B:
- dng: Bng ph, sch bi tp, sch nng cao.
- HS: n li 7 hng ng thc ang nh.
III. TIN TRNH BI DY.
NI DUNG HOT NG CA
GV
HOT NG CA HS
- Vit 7 ht ng nh: (7)
(x+y)
2
=
(x -y)
2
=
x
2
y
2
=
(x+y)
3
=
(x y)
3
=
x
3
+y
3
=
x
3
y
3
=
- Rt gn biu thc: (3)
(a+b)
2
+ (a b)
2
=
- Treo bng ph. Gi mt HS
ln bng. C lp cng lm
bi tp
- Kim tra bi tp v nh ca
HS
- Cho HS nhn xt bng
- GV nh gi cho im
- Mt HS ln bng vit cng
thc v lm bi
- C lp lm vo v bi tp

Nhn xt, nh gi bi lm
ca bn trn bng
6. PHN TCH A THC
THNH NHN T BNG
PHNG PHP T
NHN T CHUNG
- Chng ta bit php nhn
a thc v d: (x +1)(y -
1)=xyx+y 1
thc cht l ta bin i v
- HS nghe nh hng
cng vic phi lm trong tit
hc.
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
18
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
tri thnh v phi. Ngc li,
c th bin i v phi thnh
v tri?
- Ghi vo tp ta bi hc
Hot ng 3 : V d (15)
1. Kin thc : HS hiu phn tch a thc thnh nhn t bng phng php t nhn t
chung.
2. K nng : Phn tch a thc thnh nhn t bng phng php t nhn t chung
thnh tho.
1/ V d 1:
Hy phn tch a thc 2x
2

4x thnh tch ca nhng a
thc.
2x
2
-4x = 2x.x-2x.2 = 2x(x-2)

V d 2:
Phn tch a thc sau thnh
nhn t 15x
3
- 5x
2
+10x
Gii: 15x
3
- 5x
2
+10x =
= 5x.3x
2
- 5x.x + 5x.2
= 5x.(3x
2
x +2)
- Nu v ghi bng v d 1
- n thc 2x
2
v 4x c h s
v bin no ging nhau ?
- GV cht li v ghi bng
Ni:Vic bin i nh trn
gi l phn tch a thc
thnh nhn t.
- Vy phn tch a thc thnh
nhn t l g?
- Cch lm nh trn gi l
phng php t nhn t
chung
- Nu v d 2, hi: a thc
ny c my hng t? Nhn t
chung l g?
- Hy phn tch thnh nhn
t?
- GV cht li v ghi bng bi
gii
- Nu ch ly 5 lm nhn t
chung ?
2x
2
= 2x . x
4x = 2x . 2
- HS ghi bi vo tp
- Phn tch a thc thnh
nhn t l bin i a thc
thnh mt tch ca nhng
a thc
- HS hiu th no l phng
php t nhn t chung
- HS suy ngh tr li:
+ C ba hng t l
+ Nhn t chung l 5x
- HS phn tch ti ch
- HS ghi bi
- Cha n kt qu cui cng
Hot ng 4 : p dng (15)
K nng : Phn tch a thc thnh nhn t bng phng php t nhn t chung thnh
tho.
2/ Ap dng :
Gii?1 : - Ghi ni dung ?1 ln bng
- Yu cu HS lm bi theo
nhm nh, thi gian lm bi
l 5
- HS lm ?1 theo nhm nh
cng bn.
- i din nhm lm trn
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
19
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
a) x
2
x = x.x x.1 = x(x-1)
b) 5x
2
(x 2y) 15x(x 2y)
= 5x.x(x-2y) 5x.3(x-2y)
= 5x(x-2y)(x-3)
c) 3(x - y) 5x(y - x)
= 3(x - y) + 5x(x - y)
= (x - y)(3 + 5x)

Ch : A = - (- A)
Gii ?2 :

3x
2
6x = 0
3x.(x 2) = 0
3x = 0 hoc x 2 = 0
x = 0 hoc x = 2
- Yu cu i din nhm
trnh by
- Cc nhm nhn xt ln
nhau
- GV sa ch sai v lu
cch i du hng t c
nhn t chung
- Ghi bng ni dung ?2
* Gi : Mun tm x, hy
phn tch a thc 3x
2
6x
thnh nhn t
- Cho c lp nhn xt v cht
li
bng ph. Sau trnh by
ln bng
a) x
2
x = x.x x.1 = x(x-1)
b) 5x
2
(x 2y) 15x(x 2y)
= 5x.x(x-2y) 5x.3(x-2y)
= 5x(x-2y)(x-3)
c) 3(x - y) 5x(y - x)
= 3(x - y) + 5x(x - y)
= (x - y)(3 + 5x)
- C lp nhn xt, gp
- HS theo di v ghi nh
cch i du hng t
- Ghi vo v bi ?2
- Nghe gi , thc hin php
tnh v tr li
- Mt HS trnh by bng
3x
2
6x = 0
3x . (x 2) = 0
3x = 0 hoc x 2 = 0
x = 0 hoc x = 2
- C lp nhn xt, t sa sai
Hot ng 5 : Dn d (5)
BTVN.
Bi 39 trang 19 Sgk
Bi 40 trang 19 Sgk
Bi 41 trang 19 Sgk
Bi 42 trang 19 Sgk
- c Sgk lm li cc bi tp
v xem li cc bi tp lm
- Bi 39 trang 19 Sgk
* t nhn t chung
* t nhn t chung ri tnh
gi tr
* Tng t ?2
* 55
n+1
= ?
- Xem li 7 hng ng thc
tit sau hc bi 7
tp

IV. RT KINH NGHIM.
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
20
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
Ngy son : 19/9/2011
Ngy dy :...................
TIT 10: PHN TCH A THC THNH NHN T
BNG PHNG PHP DNG HNG NG THC
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc : HS hiu c cc phn tch a thc thnh nhn t bng phng php dng
hng ng thc thng qua cc v d c th.
2. K nng : Rn k nng phn tch a thc thnh nhn t bng cch dng hng ng
thc.
3. Thi : Gio dc tnh cn thn, t duy l gic hp l.
II. CHUN B:
- dng: Bng ph.
- HS: Lm bi tp v nh+ thuc 7 hng ng thc ang nh.
III. TIN TRNH BI DDDAV
- Phn tch a thc thnh
nhn t :
a) 3x
2
- 6x (2)
b) 2x
2
y + 4 xy
2
(3)
c) 2x
2
y(x-y) + 6xy
2
(x-y) (3)
d) 5x(y-1) 10y(1-y) (2)
- Treo bng ph a ra
kim tra
HS
- C lp lm vo bi tp
+ Khi xc nh nhn t
chung ca cc hng t , phi
ch c phn h s v phn
bin.
+ Ch i du cc hng
t thch hp lm xut hin
nhn t chung .
- Cho c lp nhn xt bng
- nh gi cho im
- HS c yu cu kim tra
- Hai HS ln bng thc hin
php tnh mi em 2 cu
a) 3x
2
- 6x = 3x(x -2)
b) 2x
2
y + 4 xy
2
= 2xy(x +2y)
c) 2x
2
y(x-y) + 6xy
2
(x-y)
= 2xy(x-y)(x+3y)
d) 5x(y-1) 10y(1-y) = 5x(y-
1) - 10y(y-1) = 5(y-1)(x-2y)
- Nhn xt bng .T sa sai
(nu c)
7. PHN TCH A THC
THNH NHN T BNG
PHNG PHP DNG
HNG NG THC
- Chng ta phn tch a
thc thnh nhn t bng cch
t nhn t chung ngoi ra ta
c th dng 7 hng ng thc
bit c iu ta vo
bi hc hm nay
- Nghe gii thiu, chun b
vo bi
- Ghi vo v ta bi
- HS ghi vo bng :
Hot ng 3 : V d (15)
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
21
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
1. Kin thc : HS hiu phn tch a thc thnh nhn t bng phng php dng hng
ng thc
2. K nng : Phn tch a thc thnh nhn t bng phng php dng hng ng thc
thnh tho.
1/ V d:
nhn t :
a) x
2
6x + 9 =
b) x
2
4 =
c) 8x
3
1 =
Gii ?1
a) x
3
+ 3x
2
+3x +1 = (x+1)
3

b) (x+y)
2
9x
2
=(x+y)
2
(3x)
2

= (x+y+3x)(x+y-3x)
Gii ?2
105
2
25 = 105
2
5
2

= (105+5)(105-5) = 110.100
= 11000
- Ghi bi tp ln bng v cho
HS thc hin
- Cht li: cch lm nh trn
gi l phn tch a thc thnh
nhn t bng phng php
dng hng ng thc
- Ghi bng ?1 cho HS
- Gi HS bo kt qu v ghi
bng
- Cht li cch lm: cn nhn
dng a thc (biu thc ny
c dng hng ng thc no?
Cn bin i ntn?)
- Ghi bng ni dung ?2 cho
HS tnh nhanh bng cch tnh
nhm
- Cho HS khc nhn xt
- HS chp v lm bi ti
ch
- Nu kt qu tng cu
a) = = (x 3)
2

b) = = (x +2)(x -2)
c) = = (2x-1)(4x
2
+ 2x
+ 1)
- HS thc hnh gii bi tp ?
1 (lm vic c th)
a) x
3
+ 3x
2
+3x +1 = (x+1)
3

b) (x+y)
2
9x
2
= (x+y)
2

(3x)
2

= (x+y+3x)(x+y-3x)
- Ghi kt qu vo tp v nghe
GV hng dn cch lm bi
- HS suy ngh cch lm
- ng ti ch nu cch tnh
nhanh v HS ln bng trng
by
105
2
25 = 105
2
5
2

= (105+5)(105-5) = 110.100
= 11000
- HS khc nhn xt
Hot ng 4 : p dng (7)
K nng : Phn tch a thc thnh nhn t bng phng php dng hng ng thc thnh
tho
2/ Ap dng: (Sgk)
(2n+5)
2
-5
2
=(2n+5+5)(2n+5-5)
- Nu v d nh Sgk
- Cho HS xem bi gii Sgk
v gii thch
* Bin i (2n+5)
2
-25 c
dng 4.A
- HS c bi suy ngh
cch lm
- Xem sgk v gii thch cch
lm
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
22
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
=2n(2n+10)=4n(n+5) * Dng hng ng thc th 3
- Cho HS nhn xt
(2n+5)
2
-5
2
=(2n+5+5)(2n+5-
5)

=2n(2n+10)=4n(n+5)
- HS khc nhn xt
Bi 43 trang 20 Sgk
a) x
2
+6x+9 = (x+3)
2
b) 10x 25 x
2

= -(x
2
-10x+25)= -(x-5)
2

c) 8x
3
-1/8
=(2x-1/2) (4x
2
+x+1/4)
d)1/25x
2
-64y
2

= (1/5x+8y)(1/5x-8y)
Bi 43 trang 20 Sgk
- Gi 4 HS ln bng lm, c
lp cng lm
- Gi HS khc nhn xt
- GV hon chnh bi lm
a) x
2
+6x+9 = (x+3)
2
b) 10x 25 x
2
= -(x
2
-
10x+25)
= -(x-5)
2

c) 8x
3
-1/8=(2x-1/2)
(4x
2
+x+1/4)
d) 1/25x
2
-64y
2
= (1/5x+8y)
(1/5x-8y)
- HS nhn xt bi ca bn
Hot ng 6 : Dn d (3)
BTVN.
Bi 44 trang 20 Sgk
Bi 45 trang 20 Sgk
Bi 46 trang 20 Sgk
- Xem li cch t nhn t
chung
* Tng t bi 43
-Bi 45 trang 20 Sgk
* Phn tch a thc thnh
nhn t trc ri mi tm x
* Dng hng ng thc th 3
tnh nhanh
- Xem trc bi 8
- HS nghe dn. Ghi ch vo
tp

IV. RT KINH NGHIM.
Ngy son : 23/9/2011
Ngy dy :...................
BNG PHNG PHP NHM CC HNG T
I. MC TIU :
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
23
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
- Kin thc: HS bit nhm cc hng t thch hp, phn tch thnh nhn t trong mi
nhm lm xut hin cc nhn t chung ca cc nhm.
- K nng: Bin i ch yu vi cc a thc c 4 hng t khng qua 2 bin.
- Thi : Gio dc tnh linh hot t duy lgic.
II. CHUN B :
- dng: Bng ph, sch bi tp.
NI DUNG HOT NG CA
GV
HOT NG CA HS
1. Phn tch a thc thnh
nhn t :
a) x
2
4x + 4 (5)
b) x
3
+ 1/27 (5)
2. Tnh nhanh:
a) 54
2
46
2
(5)
b) 73
2
27
2
(5)
- Treo bng ph. Gi 2 HS
ln bng
- C lp cng lm
HS
- Cho HS nhn xt bi lm
bng
- nh gi cho im
- 2 HS ln bng tr li v lm
1/ a) x
2
4x + 4 = (x-2)
2

b)x
3
+1/27=
(x+1/3)(x
2
-1/3x+1/9)
2/ a)54
2
46
2

= (54+46)(54-46) =
100.8=800
b) 73
2
27
2

= (73+27)(73-
27)=100.46=4600
- HS nhn xt bi trn bng
- T sa sai (nu c)

8. PHN TCH A THC
THNH NHN T BNG
PHNG PHP NHM
CC HNG T
- Xt a thc x
2
3x + xy
-3y, c th phn tch a thc
ny thnh nhn t bng
phng php t nhn t
chung hoc dng hng ng
thc c ko?(c nhn t
chung ko? C dng hng
ng thc no khng?)
- C cch no phn tch?
Ta hy nghin cu bi hc
hm nay
- HS nghe tm hiu
- HS tr li : khng
- HS tp trung ch v ghi
bi
Hot ng 3 : Tm kin thc mi (15)
1. Kin thc : HS hiu phn tch a thc thnh nhn t bng phng php nhm hng
t.
2. K nng : Phn tch a thc thnh nhn t bng phng php nhm hng t thnh
tho.
1. V d : - Ghi bng v d - HS ghi vo v
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
24
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
nhn t :
a) x
2
3x + xy 3y
= (x
2
3x) + (xy 3y)
= x(x 3) + y(x 3)
= (x 3)(x +y)
b) 2xy + 3z + 6y + xz
= (2xy + 6y) + (3z + xz)
= 2y(x+3) + z(3+x)
= (x+3)(2y+z)
Hi: c nhn xt g v cc
hng t ca a thc ny ?
* Gi : Nu ch coi l mt
a thc th cc hng t khng
c nhn t chung. Nhng nu
coi l tng ca hai biu thc,
th cc a thc ny nh th
no?
- Hy bin i tip tc
- GV cht li v trnh by bi
gii
- Ghi bng v d 2, yu cu
HS lm tng t
- Cho HS nhn xt bi gii
ca bn
- B sung cch gii khc
- GV kt lun v phng
php gii
- HS suy ngh (c th cha
tr li c)
- HS suy ngh tr li
- HS tip tc bin i bin
a thc thnh tch
x
2
-3x+xy3y=(x
2
3x)+(xy
3y)
= x(x3)+y(x3)=(x3)(x +y)
- HS nghe ging, ghi bi
-1 HS ln bng lm
b) 2xy + 3z + 6y + xz
= (2xy + 6y) + (3z + xz)
= 2y(x+3) + z(3+x)
= (x+3)(2y+z)
- Nhn xt bi lm bng
- Nghe hiu cch lm
Hot ng 4 : Vn dng (13)
K nng : Phn tch a thc thnh nhn t bng phng php nhm hng t thnh tho.
2. Ap dng :
?1
Tnh nhanh 15.64+ 25.100
+36.15 + 60.100
Gii
15.64+25.100+36.15+60.100
= (15.64+36.15)+(25.100+
60.100)
= 15(64+36) + 100(25+60)
=15.100+100.85=100(15+85)
= 100.100 = 10 000

?2
(xem Sgk)
- Ghi bng ?1
- Cho HS thc hin ti ch
- Ch nh HS ni cch lm
v kt qu
- Cho HS khc nhn xt kt
qu, nu cch lm khc .
- GV ghi bng v cht li
cch lm
- Treo bng ph a ra ?2
- Cho HS tho lun trao i
theo nhm nh
- Cho i din cc nhm tr
li
- Ghi bi v suy ngh cch
lm
- Thc hin ti ch t pht .
- ng ti ch ni r cch
lm v cho kt qu
- HS khc nhn xt kt qu
v nu cch lm khc (nu
c) :
15.64 + 25.100 + 36.15 +
60.100
= 15(64+36) + 25.100 +
60.100
= 15.100 + 25.100 + 60.100
= 100(15 + 25 + 60) =
100.100
= 10 000
- HS c yu cu ca ?2
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
25
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
- Nhn xt v cht li kin
ng
- Hp tc tho lun theo
nhm 1-2 pht
- i din cc nhm tr li
Bi 47b,c trang 22 Sgk
b) xz + yz 5. (x + y)
= z. (x+y) 5. (x + y)
= (x + y) (z - 5)
c) 3x
2
3xy 5x + 5y
= 3x(x - y) 5(x - y)
= (x - y)(3x - 5)
Bi 47b,c trang 22 Sgk
- Gi HS ln bng. C lp
cng lm tp
- Thu v chm bi vi em
- Cho HS nhn xt bi trn
bng
- Ghi bi tp vo
2 HS ln bng lm.
b) xz + yz 5. (x + y)
= z. (x+y) 5. (x + y)
= (x + y) (z - 5)
c) 3x
2
3xy 5x + 5y
= 3x(x -y) 5(x - y)
= (x - y)(3x - 5)
- HS nhn xt bi ca bn
BTVN
Bi 47a trang 22 Sgk
Bi 48 trang 22 Sgk
Bi 49 trang 22 Sgk
Bi 50 trang 23 Sgk
Bi 47a trang 22 Sgk
* Tng t bi 47, ch du
tr
Bi 48 trang 22 Sgk
* a) Dng hng ng thc A
2

B
2

* b,c) Dng hng ng thc
(A
t
B)
2

Bi 49 trang 22 Sgk
* Tng t bi 48
Bi 50 trang 23 Sgk
- n li cc phng php
phn tch
- HS nghe dn
- Ghi ch vo v bi tp
IV. RT KINH NGHIM.
Ngy son : 28/9/2011
Ngy dy :...................
TIT 12 LUYN TP
I. MC TIU:
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
26
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
1. Kin thc : HS bit vn dng phn tch a thc thnh nhn t nh nhm cc hng t
thch hp, phn tch thnh nhn t trong mi nhm lm xut hin cc nhn t chung
ca cc nhm.
2. K nng : Bit p dng phn tch a thc thnh nhn t thnh tho bng cc phng
php hc
3. Thi : Gio dc tnh linh hot t duy lgic.
II. CHUN B:
- - dng: Bng ph, sch bi tp.
III,TIN TRNH BI DY
1. Phn tch a thc thnh
nhn t :
a) x ay + x - by
=(a+b)(x-y) (5)
b) ax+bx-cx+ay+by-cy=?
(5)
2. Tnh nhanh:
a) x
2
-xy+x-y (5)
b) 3x
2
-3xy-5x+5y (5)
- Treo bng ph. Gi 2 HS
ln bng
- C lp cng lm
HS
bng
- nh gi cho im
- Hai HS ln bng tr li v
lm
HS1 :
a) ax ay + bx - by
=(a+b)(x-y) (5)
b) ax + bx cx + ay + by -
cy
=x(a+b-c)+y(a+b-c)
=(a+b-c)(x+y)
HS2 :
a) x
2
-xy+x-y =x(x-y)+(x-y)
= (x-y)(x+1)
b) 3x
2
-3xy-5x+5y
= 3x(x-y)-5(x-y)=(x-y)(3x-
5)
- HS nhn xt bi trn bng
- T sa sai (nu c)
1. Kin thc : HS bit vn dng phn tch a thc thnh nhn t nh nhm cc hng t
thch hp, phn tch thnh nhn t trong mi nhm lm xut hin cc nhn t chung
ca cc nhm.
2. K nng : Bit p dng phn tch a thc thnh nhn t thnh tho bng cc phng
php hc
Bi 47b trang 22 Sgk
xz+yz-5(x+y)
=z(x+y)-5(x+y)
=(x+y)(z-5)
Bi 48 trang 22 Sgk
Bi 47b trang 22 Sgk
- Gi HS ln bng lm
- Hng dn HS yu, km
- Gi HS khc nhn xt
Bi 48 trang 22 Sgk
- HS ln bng lm bi
xz+yz-5(x+y)
=z(x+y)-5(x+y)
=(x+y)(z-5)
- HS khc nhn xt
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
27
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
a) x
2
+ 4x - y
2
+ 4
= x
2
+ 4x + 4 - y
2
= ( x + 2 )
2
- y
2
= ( x + 2 + y ) ( x + 2 y )
b) 3x
2
+ 6xy + 3y
2
-3z
2

= 3(x
2
+ 2xy + y
2
-z
2
)
= 3 [(x+y)
2
- z
2
]
= 3[(x+y)+ z] [(x+y)- z]
c) x
2
-2xy+y
2
-z
2
+2zt-t
2
= (x
2
-2xy+y
2
)-(z
2
-2zt+t
2
)
= (x-y)
2
(z-t)
2

= (x-y+z-t)()x-y-z+t)
Bi 49 trang 22 Sgk
a) 37,5.6,5-7,5.3,4 - 6,6.7,5
+3,5.37,5
= (37,5.6,5+3,5.37,5)-
( 7,5.3,4+6,6.7,5)
=37,5(6,5+3,5)-7,5(3,4+6,6)
= 37,5.10-7,5.10
= 375 75 = 300
b) 45
2
+40
2
-15
2
+80.45
= 45
2
+2.45.40+40
2
-15
2

= (45+40)2-152
= (45+40+15)(45+40-15)
= 100.70 = 7000
- Dng tnh cht giao hon
ca php cng
- x
2
+ 4x + 4 c dng ht g ?
- ( x + 2 )
2
- y
2
c dng ht
g ?
- Chia HS lm 4 nhm . Thi
gian lm bi l 5
- i din nhm trnh by
- Nhm khc nhn xt nhm
bn
GV.nh gi bi lm ca cc
nhm.
Bi 49 trang 22 Sgk
- Hng dn HS lm
- Dng tnh cht kt hp v
giao hon nhm cc hng
t thch hp
- Dng tnh cht phn phi
ca php nhn i vi php
cng
- Lm tip tc
- Chia HS lm 4 nhm. Thi
gian lm bi l 5
- Nhc nh HS khng tp
trung
- Yu cu cc nhm nhn xt
a) x
2
+ 4x - y
2
+ 4
= x
2
+ 4x + 4 - y
2
= ( x + 2 )
2
- y
2
= ( x + 2 + y ) ( x + 2 y )
- Nhm 1+2 lm cu b, nhm
3+4 lm cu c
b) 3x
2
+ 6xy + 3y
2
-3z
2

= 3(x
2
+ 2xy + y
2
-z
2
)
= 3 [(x+y)
2
- z
2
]
= 3[(x+y)+ z] [(x+y)- z]
c) x
2
-2xy+y
2
-z
2
+2zt-t
2
= (x
2
-2xy+y
2
)-(z
2
-2zt+t
2
)
= (x-y)
2
(z-t)
2

= (x-y+z-t)()x-y-z+t)
- Nhm khc nhn xt
Hs lm bi theo hng dn
a) 37,5.6,5-7,5.3,4 - 6,6.7,5
+3,5.37,5
= (37,5.6,5+3,5.37,5)-
( 7,5.3,4+6,6.7,5)
=37,5(6,5+3,5)-7,5(3,4+6,6)
= 37,5.10-7,5.10
= 375 75 = 300
- Cc nhm lm cu b
b) 45
2
+40
2
-15
2
+80.45
= 45
2
+2.45.40+40
2
-15
2

= (45+40)2-152
= (45+40+15)(45+40-15)
= 100.70 = 7000
- Cc nhm nhn xt ln
nhau
in vo ch trng :
x
3
z+x
2
yz-x
2
z
2
-xyz
2

= x
2
z(x+y)- xz
2
(x+y)
= (x+y)( - )
- Gi HS ln bng in vo
ch trng
- HS ln bng in
x
3
z+x
2
yz-x
2
z
2
-xyz
2

= x
2
z(x+y)- xz
2
(x+y)
= (x+y)( x
2
z xz
2
)
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
28
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
= (x+y)( - ) - Gi HS nhn xt = (x+y)( x- z ) xz
- HS nhn xt
Hot ng 4 : Dn d (2)
BTVN
Bi 50 trang 22 Sgk
* Phn tch a thc thnh
nhn t, sau cho tng tha
s bng 0
- V nh xem li tt c
phng php tit sau ta p
dng tt c cc phng php
phan tch a thc thnh
nhn t
- HS ghi nhn v ghi vo tp
IV. RT KINH NGHIM.
Ngy son : 01/10/20111
Ngy dy :.......................
BNG CCH PHI HP NHIU PHNG PHP
I.MC TIU:
1. Kin thc : HS vn dng c cc phng php hc phn tch a thc thnh
nhn t.
2. K nng : HS lm c cc bi ton khng qu kh, cc bi ton vi h s nguyn l
ch yu, cc bi ton phi hp bng 2 phng php.
3. Thi : HS c gio dc t duy lgc tnh sng to.
II. CHUN B:
III. TIN TRNH BI DY.
Phn tch cc a thc sau
thnh nhn t:
a) x
2
+ xy + x + y
b) 3x
2
3xy + 5x 5y
- Treo bng ph a ra
kim tra
- Gi HS ln bng
HS
- Mt HS ln bng tr li v
lm bi, c lp lm vo v
bi tp
a) x
2
+ xy + x + y
= x(x+y) + (x+y)=(x+1)(x+y)
b) 3x
2
3xy + 5x 5y
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
29
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
- Cho HS nhn xt cu tr li
v bi lm bng
- nh gi cho im
= 3x(x-y)+5(x-y)=(x-y)
(3x+5)
- Tham gia nhn xt cu tr
li v bi lm trn bng
- T sa sai (nu c)
9. PHN TCH A THC
THNH NHN T BNG
CCH PHI HP NHIU
PHNG PHP
- Chng ta hc cc
phng php c bn phn
tch a thc thnh nhn t ,
l nhng phng php
no?
- Trong tit hc hm nay,
chng ta s nghin cu cch
phi hp cc phng php
phn tch a thc thnh
nhn t.
- HS nu ba phng php
phn tch a thc thnh nhn
t hc.
- Ghi ta bi mi.
Hot ng 3 : V d (15)
1. Kin thc : HS vn dng c cc phng php hc phn tch a thc thnh
nhn t.
2. K nng : HS lm c cc bi ton khng qu kh, cc bi ton vi h s nguyn l
ch yu, cc bi ton phi hp bng 2 phng php.
1.V d :
V d 1 : Phn tch a thc
sau thnh nhn t:
5x
3
+ 10x
2
+ 5xy
2
Gii :
5x
3
+ 10x
2
+ 5xy
2
=
= 5x.(x
2
+ 2xy + y
2
)
= 5x.(x + y)
2

V d 2 : Phn tch a thc
sau thnh nhn t:
x
2
2xy + y
2
9
Gii :
x
2
2xy + y
2
9 =
= (x
2
2xy + y
2
) 9
= (x y)
2
3
2

- Ghi bng v d 1, hi gi
:
* C nhn xt g v cc hng
t ca a thc ny? Chng c
nhn t chung khng? l
nhn t no?
- Hy vn dng cc phng
php hc phn tch?
- Ghi bng, cht li cch gii
(phi hp hai phng
php)
- Ghi bng v d 2, hi gi
:
* C nhn xt g v ba hng
t u ca a thc ny?
- Ghi vo tp v d 1, suy
ngh cch lm
- Quan st biu thc v tr
li: c nhn t chung l 5x
- HS thc hnh phn tch a
thc thnh nhn t : nu cch
lm v cho bit kt qu
- Ghi bi v nghe gii thch
cch lm
- Ghi vo v v d 2
- C ba hng t u lm
thnh mt hng ng thc
th 1
x
2
2xy + y
2
9 =
= (x
2
2xy + y
2
) 9
= (x y)
2
3
2

- Dng hng ng thc th 3
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
30
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
= (x y + 3)(x y 3)
?1 Phn tch a thc sau
thnh nhn t :
2x
3
y 2xy
3
4xy
2
2xy
Gii
2x
3
y - 2xy
3
- 4xy
2
2xy =
= 2xy(x
2
y
2
2y 1)
= 2xy[x
2
(y
2
+2y + 1)]
= 2xy[x
2
(y+1)
2
] =
= 2xy(x + y + 1)(x y 1)
* (x y)
2
3
2
= ?
- Ghi bng, cht li cch gii
(phi hp hai phng
php)
- Ghi bng ?1 cho HS thc
hnh gii
- GV theo di v gip HS
yu lm bi
- Cho HS nhn xt bi gii
ca bn, ri ni li hoc trnh
by li cc bc thc hin
gii ton
= (x y + 3)(x y 3)
- Ghi bng ?1
- HS lm ti ch v 1 em
ln bng lm.
2x
3
y - 2xy
3
- 4xy
2
2xy =
= 2xy(x
2
y
2
2y 1)
= 2xy[x
2
(y
2
+2y + 1)]
= 2xy[x
2
(y+1)
2
] =
= 2xy(x + y + 1)(x y 1)
- HS nhn xt bi gii ca
bn, ri ni li hoc trnh by
li cc bc thc hin gii
ton
K nng : HS lm c cc bi ton khng qu kh, cc bi ton vi h s nguyn l ch
yu, cc bi ton phi hp bng 2 phng php.
2. Vn dng :
?2 : Gii
a) x
2
+ 2x + 1 y
2
=
= (x
2
+2x + 1) y
2
=
= (x+1)
2
y
2

= (x+1+y)(x+1 y)
Vi x = 94.5 , y = 4.5 ta c:
(94,5+1+ 4,5)(94,5 +1 4,5)
= 100.91 = 9100.
b) Bn Vit s dng cc
phng php :
- Nhm cc hng t
- Dng hng ng thc
- t nhn t chung.
- Treo bng ph a ra ?2.
Chia HS lm 4 nhm . Thi
gian lm bi 5
- GV nhc nh HS khng tp
trung
- Gi i din nhm trnh by
- Cho cc nhm nhn xt
- HS suy ngh c nhn trc
khi chia nhm
a) x
2
+ 2x + 1 y
2
=
= (x
2
+2x + 1) y
2
=
= (x+1)
2
y
2

= (x+1+y)(x+1 y)
Vi x = 94.5 , y = 4.5 ta c:
(94,5+1+ 4,5)(94,5 +1 4,5)
= 100.91 = 9100.
b) Bn Vit s dng cc
phng php :
+ Nhm cc hng t
+ Dng hng ng thc
+ t nhn t chung.
- i din nhm trnh by
- Cc nhm nhn xt
1. Rt gn (2x+1)
3
- (2x-1)
3
ta c :
a. 24x
2
+2 b. 16x
3
+12x
- Treo bng ph . Gi HS ln
bng
- C lp cng lm
- HS ln bng lm
1. a 2. c 3. b
- HS nhn xt
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
31
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
c.12x
2
+2 d. p s khc
2. Tm gi tr ca x bit
x
2
1 = 0
a. x = 1 b. x= -1
c. x=1 hoc x=-1
d. Kt qu khc
3. Tm gi tr ca x bit
(2x+1)
2
= 0
a. x = 1/2 b. x= -1/2
c. x=1/2 hoc x=-1/2
d. Kt qu khc
Bi 51a,b trang 24 Sgk
a) x
3
2x
2
+ x
= x(x
2
- 2x + 1) = x(x - 1)
2
b) 2x
2
+ 4x + 2 2y
2
= 2[(x
2
+ 2x + 1) - y
2
]
= 2[(x + 1)
2
- y
2
]
= 2(x+1+y)(x+1-y)
- Gi HS nhn xt
Bi 51a,b trang 24 Sgk
- Gi 2 HS ln bng lm
- Cho HS khc nhn xt
- 2 HS ln bng lm
a) x
3
2x
2
+ x = x(x
2
- 2x +
1)
= x(x - 1)
2
b) 2x
2
+ 4x + 2 2y
2
= 2[(x
2
+ 2x + 1) - y
2
]
= 2[(x + 1)
2
- y
2
]
= 2(x+1+y)(x+1-y)
- HS khc nhn xt
Hot ng 6 : Dn d (2)
BTVN
Bi 51c trang 24 Sgk
Bi 52 trang 24 Sgk
Bi 53 trang 24 Sgk
Bi 51c trang 24 Sgk
Bi 52 trang 24 Sgk
Bi 53 trang 24 Sgk
- V nh xem li cc cch
phn tch a thc thnh nhn
t . Tit sau Luyn tp
- HS ghi nhn vo tp
IV. RT KINH NGHIM.
Ngy son : 05/10/2011
Ngy dy :....................
TIT 14 LUYN TP
I. MC TIU :
1. Kin thc : HS c rn luyn v cc phng php phn tch a thc thnh nhn t
( Ba phng php c bn). HS bit thm phng php:
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
32
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
" Tch hng t" cng, tr thm cng mt s hoc cng 1 hng t vo biu thc.
2. K nng : phn tch a thc thnh nhn t bng cch phi hp cc phng php.
3. Thi : Rn luyn tnh cn thn, t duy sng to.
II. CHUN B:
III.TIN TRNH BI DY:
NI DUNG HOT NG CA
GV
HOT NG CA HS
Hot ng 1 : Kim tra 15
. Phn tch a thc thnh
nhn t
4 3
2 2
2 2
2 2
a)x 1
)
) x
) ( 1) ( 5) 5( 1)
x x
b x y xy x y
c ax ay b by
d x x x x x
+ + +
+
+
+ + +
- Treo bng ph a ra
kim tra
v lm bi vo giy.
1. Kin thc : HS c rn luyn v cc phng php phn tch a thc thnh nhn t
( Ba phng php c bn). HS bit thm phng php:
" Tch hng t" cng, tr thm cng mt s hoc cng 1 hng t vo biu thc.
2. K nng : phn tch a thc thnh nhn t bng cch phi hp cc phng php.
Bi 55 trang 25 Sgk
a) x
3
1/4x = 0
b) (2x 1)
2
(x +3)
2
= 0
c) x
2
(x-3)+12-4x = 0
Gii
a) x
3
1/4x = 0
x[x
2
()
2
] = 0
x (x - ) (x+) = 0
Khi x=0 hoc x - = 0 hoc
x+ =0
x = 0
x - = 0
x =
x + = 0
x = -
b) (2x 1)
2
(x +3)
2
= 0
(2x 1+x+3)(2x1x3) = 0
(3x +2)(x 4) = 0
Khi 3x + 2 = 0 hoc x 4 = 0
3x + 2 = 0
- Ghi bng bi tp 55b sgk :
gii nh th no?
- GV ni li cch gii, ghi
ch gc bng, gi 2HS
cng ln bng
- Theo di, gip HS lm
bi
- Thu, kim bi lm ca vi
em
Bi 55 trang 25 Sgk
- Chp bi; nu cch gii :
phn tch v tri thnh nhn
t. Cho mi nhn t = 0 x

- 2 HS cng gii bng, c
lp lm vo v
a) x
3
1/4x = 0
x[x
2
()
2
] = 0
x (x- ) (x+) = 0
Khi x = 0 hoc x - = 0
hoc
x + = 0
x = 0
x - = 0
x =
x + = 0
x = -
b) (2x 1)
2
(x +3)
2
= 0
(2x-1+x+3)(2x1x3) = 0
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
33
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
3x = - 2
x = -2/3
x 4 = 0
x = 4
c) x
2
(x 3 ) + 12 4 x = 0
x
2
(x 3 ) - 4(x 3 ) = 0
(x 3 ) (x
2
4) = 0
(x-3) (x-2) (x+2) = 0
Khi (x-3) = 0 hoc (x-2) = 0
hoc (x+2) = 0
x + 2 = 0
x = -2
x 3 = 0
x = 3
x 2 = 0
x = 2
- Cho HS nhn xt bng
- GV cht li cch lm:
+ Bin i biu thc v dng
tch
+ Cho mi nhn t bng 0,
tm x tng ng.
+ Tt c gi tr ca x tm
c u l gi tr cn tm
(3x + 2)(x 4) = 0
Khi 3x + 2 = 0 hoc x 4 = 0
3x + 2 = 0
3x = -2
x = -2/3
x 4 = 0
x = 4
c) x
2
(x 3) +12 4x = 0
x
2
( x 3) 4(x-3) = 0
(x-3) (x
2
4) = 0
(x 3)(x 2)(x+2) = 0
Khi (x 3) = 0 hoc (x 2) =
0 hoc (x+2) = 0
x + 2 = 0
x = -2
x - 3 = 0
x = 3
x 2 = 0
x = 2
- HS nhn xt bi lm bng
- HS nghe hiu v ghi nh
cch gii loi ton ny
Hot ng 3 : Kim tra 15 pht
bi : Phn tch cc a thc sau thnh nhn t
a) x
3
+ 2x
2
y + xy
2
9x
b) 2x 2y x
2
+2xy y
2

c) x
4
x
2

p n :
a) x
3
+ 2x
2
y + xy
2
9x
= x(x
2
+ 2xy + y
2
9) (1)
= x[(x+y)
2
- 3
2
] (2)
= x(x+y+3)(x+y-3) (1)
b) 2x 2y x
2
+2xy y
2

= 2(x-y) (x
2
-2xy +y
2
) (1,5)
= 2(x-y) (x-y)
2
(1) (1,5)
= (x-y)(2-x+y) (1)
c) x
4
x
2
= x
2
(x
2
-1) (1)
= x
2
(x -1)(x+1) (1)
IV. RT KINH NGHIM.
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
34
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
Ngy son : 07/10/2011
Ngy dy :.....................
TIT 15 CHIA N THC CHO N THC
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc : HS hiu c khi nim n thc A chia ht cho n thc B.
2. K nng : HS bit c khi no th n thc A chia ht cho n thc B, thc hin
ng php chia n thc cho n thc (Ch yu trong trng hp chia ht)
3. Thi : Rn tnh cn thn, t duy l gc.
II. CHUN B :
III. TIN TRNH BI DY
Phn tch cc a thc sau
thnh nhn t :
a) x
4
2x
3
y + x
2
y
2

(5)
b) x
3
y
2
x
2
y
3
x + y
(5) ( Chiu trn
my )

- Treo bng phghi . Gi
mt HS c
Gi HS ln bng lm
- C lp cng lm
- Kim tra v bi tp vi em
- Cho HS khc nhn xt
- GV nh gi, cho im
- GV cht li ni cc cch
lm khc nhau ca cu c
- HS c bi
- Mt HS ln bng lm
a) x
4
2x
3
y + x
2
y
2

= x
2
(x
2
2xy + y
2
)
= x
2
(x-y)
2
b) x
3
y
2
x
2
y
3
x + y
= x
2
y
2
(x y) (x y)
= (x y)(x
2
y
2
1)
- Nhn xt bi lm bng
- Nghe ghi v hiu c
11. CHIA N THC
CHO N THC
- Khi nhn n thc cho n
thc ta lm nh th no ?
- Vy khi chia n thc vi
n thc c ging nh vy
- Ta nhn h s vi h s,
bin vi bin
- HS ghi ta bi vo v
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
35
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
khng, bit c iu
ta vo bi hc hm nay
Hot ng 3: Tm qui tc (20)
1. Kin thc : HS nm c quy tc chia n thc cho n thc.
2. K nng : HS chia c n thc cho n thc.
Q = A : B (B
0)
A : a thc b chia
B : a thc chia
Q : a thc thng
1. Qui tc :
Vi mi x 0, m,n N, m
n
th :
x
m
: x
n
= x
m-n
nu m > n
x
m
: x
n
= 1 nu m = n
?1 (chiu trn my)
a) x
3
: x
2
= x
b) 15x
7
: 3x
2
= 5x
5

c) 20x
5
: 12x = 5/3x
4

?2 (Chiu trn my )
a) 15x
2
y
2
: 5xy
2
= 3x
b) 12x
3
y : 9x
2
= 4/3xy
Nhn xt : (trang 26 SGK)

Qui tc : (trang 26 SGK)
- Nhc li nh ngha v mt
s nguyn a chia ht cho mt
s nguyn b?
- Trong php chia a thc
cho a thc, ta cng c nh
ngha tng t. Em no c
th nu c?
- GV cht li: (nh sgk)
- Nhc li qui tc v cng
thc ca php chia hai lu
tha cng c s
- Cho HS lm ?1
- Gi 3 HS ln bng lm
qu
- GV cht li cch lm
- Cho HS lm ?2
- Gi 2 HS ln bng lm
qu
- Khi no n thc A chia ht
cho n thc B?
- Mun chia n thc A chia
n thc B ta lm nh th
no ?
- S nguyn a chia ht cho s
nguyn b 0 nu c s
nguyn q sao cho a = b. q
- Cho hai a thc A v B (B
0). a thc A chia ht cho a
thc B nu c a thc Q sao
cho A= B.Q
- HS nhc li
- HS nhc qui tc v cng
thc
x
m
: x
n
= x
m n
- HS thc hin ?1
a) x
3
: x
2
= x
b) 15x
7
: 3x
2
= 5x
5

c) 20x
5
: 12x = 5/3x
4

- HS nhn xt
- HS thc hin ?2
a) 15x
2
y
2
: 5xy
2
= 3x
b) 12x
3
y : 9x
2
= 4/3xy
- HS nhn xt
- HS c nhn xt sgk
- HS nu qui tc
K nng : HS chia c n thc cho n thc.
2. Ap dng ?3 .( Chiu trn
my)
a) 15x
3
y
5
z : 5x
2
y
3
= 3xy
2
z
- Cho HS lm ?3
- Gi 2 HS ln bng lm
- HS thc hin ?3
a) 15x
3
y
5
z : 5x
2
y
3
= 3xy
2
z
b)12x
4
y
2
: (-9xy
2
) = - 4/3x
3
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
36
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
b)12x
4
y
2
:(-9xy
2
) = - 4/3x
3
Thay x = -3, y= 1,005, ta
c :P = -4/3(-3)
3
= -4/3.(-
27) = 36
qu
- GV hon chnh bi lm
Thay x = -3, y= 1,005, ta
c :
P = -4/3(-3)
3
= -4/3.(-27) =
36
- HS khc nhn xt
- HS sa bi vo tp
Bi 60 trang 27 SGK(Chiu
trn my)
a)
10 8
: ( ) x x
b)
5 3
( ) : ( ) x x
c)
5 4
( ) : ( ) y y
Bi 60 trang 27 SGK
- Gi 3 HS ln bng lm . C
lp cng lm vo tp
- Cho HS khc nhn xt
- HS ln bng lm
a)
10 8 2
: ( ) ( ) x x x =
2
x
b)
5 3 2
( ) : ( ) x x x
c)
5 4
( ) : ( ) y y y
- HS khc nhn xt
Hot ng 6 : Dn d (2)
BTVN
. Bi 59 trang 27 SGK
Bi 61 trang 27 SGK
Bi 62 trang 27 SGK
Bi 59 trang 27 SGK
Bi 61 trang 27 SGK
Bi 62 trang 27 SGK
- V xem li cch chia n
thc cho n thc tit sau
hc bi 11. CHIA A
THC CHO N THC
-
- HS ghi ch vo tp
HS v xem li qui tc chia
n thc cho n thc
- HS ghi ch vo tp
IV. RT KINH NGHIM.
Ngy son : 12/10/2011
Ngy dy :.....................
TIT 16 : CHIA A THC CHO N THC
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc :: + HS bit c 1 a thc A chia ht cho n thc B khi tt c cc hng
t ca a thc A u chia ht cho B.
+ HS nm vng quy tc chia a thc cho n thc.
2. K nng : Thc hin ng php chia a thc cho n thc (ch yu trong trng hp
chia ht).Bit trnh by li gii ngn gn (chia nhm tng n thc ri cng kt qu li
vi nhau).
II. CHUN B:
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
37
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
III. TIN TRNH BI DY
1/ Pht biu quy tc chia mt
n thc A cho n thc B
(trng hp A chia ht cho
B) (5)
2/ Tnh:
a) x
5
: (-x)
3
(2)
b) 4x
3
y
2
: 2x
2
y (3)
- Treo bng ph ghi
- Gi HS ln bng
- C lp lm vo v bi tp
HS
- GV nh gi cho im
- Mt HS ln bng tr li v
lm bi
1/ Pht biu qui tc trang 26
SGK
2/ Tnh :
a) x
5
: (-x)
3
= -x
2

b) 4x
3
y
2
: 2x
2
y = 2xy
- HS nhn xt
- HS t sa sai (nu c)
11. CHIA A THC CHO
N THC
- tit trc cc em bit
chia n thc cho n thc .
Hm nay chng ta s cng
nhau tm hiu cch chia a
thc cho n thc
- HS ch nghe v ghi ta
bi
Hot ng 3 : Qui tc (15)
1. Kin thc : HS nm c quy tc chia a thc cho n thc.
2. K nng : HS chia c a thc cho n thc.
1. Qui tc : ?1.
Qui tc : trang 27 SGK
V du : Thc hin php tnh
(30x
4
y
3
25x
2
y
3
3x
4
y
4
):
5x
2
y
3

= (30x
4
y
3
: 5x
2
y
3
) - (25x2y
3
:
5x2y3) -(3x
4
y
4
: 5x
2
y
3
)
- Cho HS lm ?1
- Ghi bng cc v d ca HS
- Cho c lp nhn xt
- a thc tm c l thng
ca php chia ca a thc
cho n thc 3xy
2
.
- Vy mun chia mt a thc
A cho mt n thc B ta lm
nh th no?
- Hon chnh qui tc
- Ghi bng v d cho HS lm
Thc hin php tnh
(30x
4
y
3
25x
2
y
3
3x
4
y
4
):
5x
2
y
3

- Thc hin ?1 theo yu cu
ca GV
- HS1 a ra mt vd
- HS2 a ra mt vd
- C lp nhn xt v cc v d
ca bn: tnh chia ht, kt qu
ca cc php chia, tng thu
c
Pht biu cch tm
=> qui tc
- HS nhc li
- Mt HS ln bng thc hin
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
38
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
= 6x
2
5 3/5x
2
y - Lu cho HS: c th tnh
nhm
(30x
4
y
3
25x
2
y
3
3x
4
y
4
):
5x
2
y
3

= (30x
4
y
3
: 5x
2
y
3
) - (25x2y
3
:
5x2y3) -(3x
4
y
4
: 5x
2
y
3
)
= 6x
2
5 3/5x
2
y
K nng : HS chia c a thc cho n thc.
2. Ap dng :
?2
a) Nhn xt : Li gii ca bn
Hoa l ng.
(4x
4
-8x
2
y
2
+12x
5
y):(- 4x
2
)
= [-4x
2
(-x
2
+2y
2
3 x
3
y)]:(-
4x
2
)
= -x
2
+ 2y
2
- 3x
3
y
b) Lm tnh chia:
(20x
4
y 25x
2
y
2
3x
2
y) : 5x
2
y
= (20x
4
y: 5x
2
y) - (25x
2
y
2
:
5x
2
y) - (3x
2
y: 5x
2
y)
= 4x
2
5y 3/5
- Treo bng ph a ra ?2
a) HS nhn xt cch lm
ca bn Hoa
- GV: Nu A = B.Q th A:B =
Q
b) Cho HS lm
- Ta c th lm vi cch khc
khng ?
- GV cht li c hai cch :
lm php chia theo qui tc ,
phn tch thnh nhn t ri
rt gn.
- HS quan st, xem cch lm
ca bn Hoa, suy ngh v tr
li
- HS khc nhn xt
- HS thc hin
C1, (20x
4
y 25x
2
y
2
3x
2
y) :
5x
2
y
= (20x
4
y: 5x
2
y) - (25x
2
y
2
:
5x
2
y) - (3x
2
y: 5x
2
y)
= 4x
2
5y 3/5
C2. (20x
4
y 25x
2
y
2
3x
2
y) :
5x
2
y
= [x
2
y(20x2 25y 3)] :
5x
2
y
= = 4x
2
5y 3/5
- C lp nhn xt ng sai.
Hot ng 5: Cng c (5)
Bi 63 trang 28 SGK
Khng lm tnh chia hy xt
xem a thc A c chia ht
cho n thc B khng :
A = 15xy
2
+ 17xy
3
+ 18y
2

B = 6y
2

Bi 63 trang 28 SGK
- Gi HS c . Cho HS
phn tch hiu yu cu ca
bi
- Gi HS tr li
- Cho HS nhn xt
- GV hon chnh
- HS c v phn tch
- V A = 15xy
2
+ 17xy
3
+
18y
2

= y
2
(15x + 17xy + 18)
Nn A chia ht cho B
- HS nhn xt
- HS sa bi vo tp
Hot ng 6 : Dn d (2)
BTVN,
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
39
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
Bi 64 trang 28 SGK
Bi 65 trang 29 SGK
Bi 65 trang 29 SGK
Bi 64 trang 28 SGK
Bi 65 trang 29 SGK
Bi 66 trang 29 SGK
- V xem li qui tc v cch
lm . Tit sau hc bi 12
- HS v xem li cch lm
chia a thc cho n thc
theo 2 cch
IV. RT KINH NGHIM.
Ngy son : 15/10/2011
Ngy dy :.
TIT 17 CHIA A THC MT BIN SP XP
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc: HS hiu c khi nim chia ht v chia c d. Nm c cc bc
trong thut ton php chia a thc A cho a thc B.
2. K nng: Thc hin ng php chia a thc A cho a thc B (Trong B ch yu l
nh thc, trong trng hp B l n thc HS c th nhn ra php chia A cho B l php
chia ht hay khng chia ht).
II. CHUN B:
- dng : Bng ph ,thc thng
III. TIN TRNH BI DY
NI DUNG HOT NG
CA GV
HOT NG CA HS
1/ Pht biu quy tc chia mt a thc A
cho n thc B (trng hp chia ht (4)
2/ Lm tnh chia :
(-4x
5
+5x
2
6x
3
) : 2x
2
(6)
- Treo bng ph ghi
kim tra
- Gi HS ln bng
- Kim tra v bi tp
vi HS
- Cho HS nhn xt
- GV nh gi cho im
- GV cht li, sa sai
(nu c)
- Mt HS ln bng tr li v lm bi, c
lp lm vo v bi tp
1/ Qui tc trang 27 SGK
2/
(-4x
5
+5x
2
6x
3
) : 2x
2

= - 2x
3
+ 5/2 3x
- HS tham gia nhn xt
- T sa sai (nu c)
12. CHIA A THC MT
BIN SP XP
- GV vo bi trc tip:
chng ta nghin cu
php chia n thc,
- HS ch nghe v ghi ta bi
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
40
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
chia a thc cho n
thc
Tit hc hm nay,
chng ta s nghin cu
tip
Hot ng 3 : Php chia ht (15)
1. Kin thc : HS hiu c php chia a thc mt bin xp xp trong trng hp chia ht
2. K nng : HS thc hin c php chia a thc mt bin xp xp trong trng hp chia ht
1. Php chia ht :
V d : Thc hin php chia
(2x
4
3x
3
3x
2
+6x-2) : (x
2
2)

2x
4
-13x
3
+15x
2
+11x-3 x
2
-4x-3
- 2x
4
- 8x
3
- 6x
2
2x
2
-5x+1
-5x
3
+21x
2
+11x -3
- -5x
3
+20x
2
+15x
x
2
- 4x -3
- x
2
- 4x -3
0
Vy ta c:
(2x
4
3x
3
3x
2
+6x-2): (x
2
2)
= 2x
2
3x + 1
- Php chia c d bng 0 l php chia ht
- thc hin php
chia a thc A cho a
thc B, trc ht ta sp
xp cc hng t trong
mi a thc theo lu
tha gim dn ri thc
hin php chia tng t
php chia trong s hc.
V d
- GV hng dn tng
bc
Bc 1
+ Chia hng t bc cao
nht ca a thc b chia
cho hng t bc cao
nht ca a thc chia
+ Tm d th nht :
nhn 2x
2
vi a thc x
2
-
4x-3 ri ly a thc b
chia tr i tch tm
c
Bc 2
+ Chia hng t bc cao
nht ca d th nht
cho hng t bc cao
nht ca a thc chia
+ Tm d th hai :
nhn 5x vi a thc x
2
-
4x-3 ri ly a thc b
chia tr i tch tm
c
Bc 3 : Tng t
n d cui cng bng
0
- Yu cu HS lm ?
- Cho HS khc nhn xt
- Nghe ging, nh li php chia s hc.
HS ghi v d
- Nghe hng dn v thc hin : 2x
4
: x
= 2x
2
2x
4
-13x
3
+15x
2
+11x-3 x
2
-4x-3
- 2x
4
- 8x
3
- 6x
2
2x
2
-5x
3
+21x
2
+11x -3
-5x
3
: x
2
= -5x
2x
4
-13x
3
+15x
2
+11x-3 x
2
-4x-3
- 2x
4
- 8x
3
- 6x
2
2x
2
-5x
-5x
3
+21x
2
+11x -3
- -5x
3
+20x
2
+15x
x
2
- 4x -3

2x
4
-13x
3
+15x
2
+11x-3 x
2
-4x-3
- 2x
4
- 8x
3
- 6x
2
2x
2
-5x+1
-5x
3
+21x
2
+11x -3
- -5x
3
+20x
2
+15x
x
2
- 4x -3
- x
2
- 4x -3
0
- HS lm ?
(x
2
-4x-3) .(2x
2
-5x+1) = 2x
4
-5x
3
+x
2
-
8x
3
+20x
2
-4x-6x
2
+15x-3
= 2x
4
-13x
3
+15x
2
+11x-3
- HS khc nhn xt
Hot ng 4 : Php chia c d (10)
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
41
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
1. Kin thc : HS hiu c php chia a thc mt bin xp xp trong trng hp chia c d .
2. K nng : HS thc hin c php chia a thc mt bin xp xp trong trng hp chia c d .
2. Php chia c d :
V d : Thc hin php chia
(5x
3
3x
2
+7) : (x
2
+1)
5x
3
3x
2
+7 x
2
+1
- 5x
3
+5x 5x 3
-3x
2
5x +7
- -3x
2
- 3
-5x +10
Vy: 5x
3
3x
2
+ 7
= (x
2
+1)(5x 3) 5x +10
Lu : trang 31 SGK
- Hy p dng cch lm
nh v d 1 lm v
d 2
- GV nu li php chia,
lu HS vit cch
khong a thc b chia
khi khuyt hng t
- Ta c php chia ny l
php chia c d : A =
B.Q + R
(bc ca R nh hn bc
ca B)
- Nu lu nh sgk
- HS thc hin theo yu cu GV
- Mt HS thc hin bng, cn li lm
php chia ti ch
5x
3
3x
2
+7 x
2
+1
5x
3
+5x 5x 3
-3x
2
5x+7
-3x
2
- 3
-5x +10
- Nghe hiu, c li lu SGK
in vo trng
- Khi chia a thc 1 bin cho a thc 1
bin ta c cc bc g ?
1/ Sp xp cc trong mi a thc theo
gim dn
2/ Chia hng t bc ca a thc b
chia cho hng t bc ca a thc chia
3/ Tm d th nht bng cch ly thng
va tm c nhn vi ri ly
tr i tch tm c
- Treo bng ph ghi
- Gi HS c
- Cho HS nhn xt
- HS c
- HS ln bng in vo trng
1/ Sp xp cc hng t trong mi a
thc theo lu tha gim dn
2/ Chia hng t bc cao nht ca a
thc b chia cho hng t bc cao nht
ca a thc chia
3/ Tm d th nht bng cch ly
thng va tm c nhn vi a thc
chia ri ly a thc b chia tr i tch
tm c
- HS khc nhn xt
IV. RT KINH NGHIM.
Ngy son : 22/10/2011
Ngy dy :.
TIT 18 LUYN TP
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc :HS thc hin php chia a thc 1 bin sp xp 1 cch thnh tho.
2. K nng : Luyn k nng lm php chia a thc cho a thc bng phng php phn
tch a thc thnh nhn t.
3. Thi : Rn tnh cn thn, lm vic khoa hc, t duy l gc.
II. CHUN B:
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
42
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
IV. Phng php : Dy hc tch cc
III. TIN TRNH BI DY
NI DUNG HOT NG CA
GV
HOT NG CA HS
1/ Thc hin php chia a
thc a) (x
3
x
2
7x +3) : (x
3)
b) (x
2
+ 2xy +y
2
) : (x +y)
2/ Thc hin php chia a
thc a) (2x
4
3x
3
3x
2

+6x) : (x
2
3)
b) (x
2
2xy +y
2
) : (y-x)
- Treo bng ph ghi
- Gi 2 HS ln bng
- C lp lm vo v bi
tp
- Kim tra v bi tp
vi HS
- Bi 1b v 2b dng
hng ng thc
- Cho HS nhn xt bi
lm
- Sa li nhng ch sai
ca HS
- GV nh gi cho im
- Hai HS ln bng lm bi
- HS1 :
a) x
3
x
2
7x +3 x -3
- x
3
3x
2
x
2
+2x-1
2x
2
7x+3
- 2x
2
6x
-x +3
- -x +3
0
b) (x
2
+ 2xy +y
2
) : (x +y)
= (x+y)
2
: (x+y) = x+y
- HS2 :
a) 2x
4
3x
3
3x
2
+6x x
2
-3
- 2x
4
6x
2
2x
2
-3x-3
-3x
3
+3x
2
+6x
- -3x
2
+9x
3x
2
- 3x
- 3x
2
- 3x
0
b) (x
2
2xy +y
2
) : (y-x)
= (x-y)
2
: (y-x) = y-x
- HS tham gia nhn xt
- T sa sai (nu c)
Bi 71 trang 32 SGK
Khng thc hin php
chia, hy xt xem a thc
A c chia ht cho a thc
B khng?
a) A = 15x
4
8x
3
+ x
2
;
B = x
2

b) A = x
2
2x +1
B = 1 x
Bi 71 trang 32 SGK
- Treo bng ph ghi
bi 71
Yu cu HS lm bi
theo nhm
- HS c v suy ngh c nhn
- HS hp tc lm bi theo nhm.
- Nhm 1,2 lm cu a,b C1; nhm 3,4
lm cu a,b C2
a) 15x
4
8x
3
+ x
2
x
2

- 15x
4
30x
2
-16x
2
+2
-8x
3
+x
2

- -8x
2

x
2

- x
2

Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
43
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
Bi 72 trang 32 SGK
Lm tnh chia :
(2x
4
+x
3
3x
2
+5x2) : (x
2
x
+1)
Gi bt k mt thnh
vin ca nhm nu cch
lm tng bi.
- Cho c lp c kin
nhn xt
- GV nh gi cho im
nhm
- a ra bng ph li
gii mu cc bi ton
trn.
- GV kt lun : Khi chia
mt a thc cho mt
n thc ta c th thc
hin php chia theo qui
tc hoc phn tch a
thc b chia thnh nhn
t
Bi 72 trang 32 SGK
- Vit ln bng
- Cho HS ln bng lm
Cho HS nhn xt bi
lm
Lu cho HS :
+ Vit s m theo lu
tha gim dn ca bin
+ Khi a thc b chia
khuyt mt hng t no
-> vit cch khong
+ Lu du khi thc
hin php tr .
0
V. (15x
4

8x
3

+x
2
) : (
x
2
)
= [x2(15x
2
-8x+1)]: ( x
2
)
= (15x
2
-8x+1) :
= 30x
2
-16x
2
+2
b) x
2
2x +1 - x + 1
- x
2
- x -x+1
-x +1
- - x +1
0
b) (x
2
2x +1) : (1 x)
= (x-1)
2
: (1 x) = 1 x
- i din nhm trnh by bi gii ln
bng ph. ng ti ch nu cch lm
tng bi.
- C lp nhn xt gp bi gii ca
tng nhm
- HS sa sai trong li gii ca mnh
nu c
- HS nghe hiu v ghi nh cch lm
- HS c
- HS ln bng lm

2x
4
+ x
3
-3x
2
+5x2 x
2
x +1
- 2x
4
- 2x
3
+2x
2
2x
2
+3x-2
3x
3
-5x
2
+5x-2
- 3x
2
-3x
2
+3x
-2x
2
+2x-2
- -2x
2
+2x-2
0
- HS khc nhn xt
- HS nghe v ghi nh cch lm
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
44
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
- T sa sai vo v
Hot ng 3 : Dn d (3)
BTVN.
Bi 70 trang 32 SGK
Bi 73 trang 32 SGK
Bi 74 trang 32 SGK
Bi 70 trang 32 SGK
Bi 73 trang 32 SGK
Bi 74 trang 32 SGK
* Chia a thc mt
bin sp xp sau
cho s d bng 0 tm
a
-V son 5 cu hi n
Chng I
trang 32 SGK
- Tit sau n tp
Chng I
- HS v son 5 cu hi n Chng I
IV. RT KINH NGHIM.
Ngy son : 26/10/2011
Ngy dy :.
TIT 19 N TP CHNG I
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc: H thng ton b kin thc ca chng.
2. K nng: H thng li 1 s k nng gii cc bi tp c bn ca chng I.
3. Thi : Rn tnh cn thn, lm vic khoa hc, t duy l gc.
II. CHUN B:
III. TIN TRNH BI DY
Hot ng 1 : n tp l thuyt (15)
- Kin thc: H thng ton b kin thc ca chng.
1. Nhn n thc vi a
thc
A . (B + C) = AB + AC
2. Nhn a thc vi a
- Trong chng I ny
chng ta tm hiu nhng
vn g ?
- Nu qui tc nhn n
thc vi a thc? Nhn a
thc vi a thc? GV nhc
li v ghi bng cng thc
- Nhn n thc cho a
thc, a thc cho a thc .
cch phn tch a thc
thnh nhn t, chia a thc
cho n thc, chia a thc
mt bin a sp xp
- HS ng ti ch tr li
qui tc nhn n thc vi
a thc , nhn a thc vi
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
45
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
thc:
(A+B)(C+D)
= AC + AD + BC + BD
Cc hng ng thc ng
nh
(bng ph)
3. Chia n thc cho n
thc.
4. Chia a thc cho n
thc

5. Chia a thc cho a thc
- Vit 7 HT ng nh?
- Khi no th n thc A
chia ht cho n thc B?
- Khi no th a thc A
chia ht cho n thc B ?
- Khi no th a thc A
chia ht cho a thc B?
(GV cht li tng ni
dung)
a thc
- HS ghi cng thc vo v
- HS ghi ra 7 hng ng
thc
- Khi bin ca B u l
bin ca A, so m mi bin
khng ln hn
- Khi tt c cc hng t ca
A chia ht chia ht cho B
- a thc A chia ht cho a
thc B nu tn ti a thc
Q sao cho
A = BQ
Hot ng 2 : Bi tp (23)
- K nng: H thng li 1 s k nng gii cc bi tp c bn ca chng I.
Bi 75 trang 33 SGK
Lm tnh nhn :
a) 5x
2
.(3x
2
7x +2)
b) 2/3xy(2x2y 3xy +y2)
Bi 75 trang 33 SGK
- Ghi bng bi tp
- C lp cng lm vo tp
- Gi 2 HS ln bng lm
- Cho HS khc nhn xt
- GV hon chnh
- HS thc hnh lm php
tnh ti ch (hng c
nhn)
- 2HS ln bng lm.
a) 5x
2
.(3x
2
7x +2)
= (5x
2
. 3x
2
) - (5x
2
. 7x) +
(5x
2
. 2)
= 15x
4
35x
3
+10x
2

b) 2/3xy(2x
2
y 3xy +y
2
)
= (2/3xy.2x
2
y)
(2/3xy3xy) + (2/3xy. y
2
)
= 4/3x
3
y
2
2x
2
y
2
+ 2/3xy
3

- HS khc nhn xt
- HS sa bi vo tp
Bi 76 trang 33 SGK
Rt gn biu thc :
a) (2x
2
3x)(5x
2
2x +1)
b) (x 2y)(3xy + 5y
2
+ x)
Bi 76 trang 33 SGK
- Ghi bng bi tp 78
- Gi 2 HS ln bng lm
- Yu cu HS c lp cng
lm
- Hai HS cng lm bng
) (2x
2
3x)(5x
2
2x +1)
= (2x
2
. 5x
2
) (2x
2
2x) +
(2x
2
.1) (3x. 5x
2
) + (3x.2x)
(3x. 1)
= 10x
4
19x
3
+ 8x
2
3x
b) (x 2y)(3xy + 5y
2
+ x)
= (x.3xy)+(x.5y
2
)+(x.x)
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
46
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
Bi 79 trang 33 SGK
Phn tch a thc thnh
nhn t :
a) x
2
4 + (x 2)
2

b) x
3
2x
2
+ x xy
2

c) x
3
4x
2
12x + 27
- Cho c lp nhn xt kt
qu
- GV hon chnh bi
Bi 79 trang 33 SGK
- Ghi bng bi tp 79
- Yu cu HS chia nhm
hot ng. Thi gian lm
bi l 5
- Nhc nh HS cha tp
trung
- Choi din nhm trnh
by
- Cho nhm khc nhn xt
- GV hon chnh bi lm
(2y.3xy) (2y.5y
2
) (2y.x)
=3x
2
y+5xy
2
6xy
2
10y
3

2xy+ x
2
= 3 x
2
y xy
2
10y
3
2xy+
x
2
- HS khc nhn xt
- HS sa bi vo tp
- HS suy ngh c nhn sau
chia nhm lm
a) x
2
4 + (x 2)
2

= (x+2)(x-2) + (x 2)
2
= (x 2)(x + 2 + x 2)
= 2x (x 2)
b) x
3
2x
2
+ x xy
2

= x (x
2
2x +1 y
2
)
= x [(x-1)
2
y
2
]
= x (x 1 + y) (x 1 y)
c) x
3
4x
2
12x + 27
= (x
3
+ 3
3
) 4x (x 3)
= (x+3)(x
2
3x + 9) 4x (x
3)
= (x+3)( x
2
3x + 9 4x)
= (x+3)( x
2
7x + 9)
- i din nhm trnh by
- Nhm khc nhn xt
- HS sa bi vo tp
Trc nghim :
1/ Kt qu ca php tnh
(x 5) .(x+5) l :
a) 25 x
2
b) x
2
+ 25
c) x
2
10 d) x
2
25
2/ Phn tch a thc
2x
2
4x + 1 thnh nhn t
kt qu l :
a) x
2
1 b) (x + 1)
2
c) (2x 1)
2
d) (x 1)
2
3/ Kt qu ca php nhn
(7x
2
2x + 1) (-3x
2
)
a) 21x
4
6x
3
3x
2

- Treo bng ph ghi
- Gi HS ln bng chn
- C lp cng lm
- Cho HS khc nhn xt
- GV hon chnh bi lm
- HS c
- HS ln bng chn
1d 2c 3b
- HS khc nhn xt
- HS sa bi vo tp
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
47
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
b) - 21x
4
+ 6x
3
3x
2
c) 21x
2
+ 6x 3x
d) Kt qa khc
Hot ng 4 : Dn d (2)
IV. RT KINH NGHIM.
Ngy son : 30/10/2011
Ngy dy :.
TIT 20 N TP CHNG I
I. MC TIU:
- Kin thc: H thng ton b kin thc ca chng.
- Thi : Rn tnh cn thn, lm vic khoa hc, t duy l gc.
II. CHUN B:
III. TIN TRNH BI DY
1/ Tm x bit :
a) (x+1)(x-1) x(x 3)=
0
b) (3x
2
+ 15x) : 3x = 6
2/ Tnh :
a) 21a
4
b
2
x
3
: 3a
2
bx
2
b) (2x +1)
2
- Treo bng ph ghi
- Gi HS ln bng lm
- C lp cng lm bi
HS
- Cho HS khc nhn xt
- GV hon chnh bi, cho
im
- HS c
- HS ln bng lm
HS1 :
a) (x+1)(x-1) x(x 3)= 0
x
2
1 x
2
+ 3x = 0
- 1 + 3x = 0
3x = 1
x = 1/3
b) (3x
2
+ 15x) : 3x = 6
x+5 = 6
x = 1
HS2 :
a) 21a
4
b
2
x
3
: 3a
2
bx
2
= 7a
2
bx
b) (2x +1)
2
= 4x
2
+4x+1
- HS khc nhn xt
- HS sa bi vo tp
Bi 80 trang 33 SGK
Lm tnh chia :
a) (6x
3
7x
2
x +2) : (2x
Bi 80 trang 33 SGK
- Gi 3 HS ln bng lm bi
- C lp cng lm bi
- 3 HS ln bng lm
HS1 :
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
48
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
+1)
b) (x
4
x
3
x
2
+3x) : (x
2
-2x
+3)
c) (x
2
y
2
+6x +9) : (x
+y+3)
Bi 81 trang 33 SGK
Tm x bit :
a) 2/3x(x
2
4) = 0
b) (x+2)
2
(x 2)(x+2) =
0
- Cho HS khc nhn xt
- GV hon chnh bi lm
Bi 81 trang 33 SGK
- Nu cch gii bi ton?
- Cho HS chia nhm hot
ng . Thi gian lm bi l 5
- Nhc nh HS ch tp trung
- Cho i din nhm trnh by
- Cho c lp nhn xt kt qu
a)
6x
3
7x
2
x + 2 2x + 1
6x
3
+3x
2
3x
2
5x +2
-10x
2
x + 2
-10x
2
5x
4x +2
4x +2
0
HS2 :
b)
x
4
x
3
x
2
+ 3x x
2
-2x +3
x
4
2x
3
3x
2
x
2
+x
x
3
+ 2x
2
+ 3x
x
3
+ 2x
2
+ 3x
0
c) (x
2
y
2
+6x +9) : (x +y+3)
= [(x
2
+6x +9)y
2
] : (x +y+3)
= [ (x+3) )
2
y
2
] : (x +y+3)
= (x+y+3)(x+3 y) : (x +y+3)
= (x+3 y)
- HS khc nhn xt
- HS sa bi vo tp
p : dng A .B = 0 A = 0
hoc B = 0 v tm x
- HS suy ngh c nhn sau chia
nhm hot ng
a) 2/3x(x
2
4) = 0
2/3x(x +2)(x 2) = 0
Khi x = 0 hoc x+2= 0 hoc x-2=
0
x = 0 ; x = 2; x = -2
b) (x+2)
2
(x 2)(x+2) = 0
(x+2) (x+2 x +2) = 0
(x +2) 4 = 0
x + 2 = 0
x = -2
- i din nhm trnh by
- HS nhn xt kt qu
Trc nghim :
1/ Kt qu ca php chia
(6x
2
2x
2
+ 10x) : 2x
a) 3x
2
x + 5
b) 3x
4
x
3
+ 5x
2
- Treo bng ph ghi
- Cho HS ln bng chn
- C lp cng lm
- Cho HS khc nhn xt
- GV hon chnh bi lm
- HS c
- HS ln bng chn
1a 2a
- HS khc nhn xt
- HGS sa bi vo tp
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
49
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
c) 3x
3
-2x
2
+ 5x
d) Kt qa khc
2/ Kt qu ca php chia
(x
3
+x
2
): (x+1) (x 1)
a) x b) x
2
c)x 1 d) x
+1
nnnnnnnnnIV. RT KINH NGHIM.
Ngy son : 02/11/2011
Ngy dy :.
Tit 21 KIM TRA VIT CHNG I
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc: Kim tra kin thc c bn ca chng I nh: phn tch a thc thnh nhn
t,nhn chia a thc, cc hng ng thc, tm gi tr biu thc, chng minh ng thc.
2. K nng: Vn dng KT hc tnh ton v trnh by li gii.
3. Thi : GD cho HS thc c ng , tch cc, t gic, trung thc .
II. MA TRN THIT K KIM TRA:

Cp

Ch
Nhn
bit
Thng hiu
Vn dng
Cng
Cp thp
Cp
cao
1. Nhn a thc
Thc hin
c php
nhn n
thc vi a
thc v a
thc vi a
thc
Vn dng
php nhn a
thc rt
gn biu
thc, gii bi
ton tm x,
S cu
S im
T l %
1
1
1
1
2
2,0
im
20%
2. Hng ng
thc ng nh
Dng cc
hng ng
thc khai
trin, rt gn
c cc biu
S dng
hng
ng
thc
ng nh
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
50
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
thc dng
n gin
gii
mt s
bi tp
v tm
GTLN,
GTNN
S cu
S im
T l %
1
3
1
3
im
30%
3. Phn tch a
thc thnh nhn
t
Phn tch
c a thc
thnh nhn t
bng cc
phng php
c bn trong
trng hp
c th khng
qu phc tp
Vn
dng
Phn tch
c a
thc
thnh
nhn t
gii ton
tm x
S cu
S im
T l %
2
3,0
1
1
3
4i
m
30%
4. Chia a thc
Thc hin
c php
chia a thc
mt bin
sp xp
S cu
S im
T l %
1
1,0
1
1,0
im
10%
Tng s cu
Tng s im
%
2
2 im
20%
5
8,0 im
70%
7
10
im
III. BI
Bi 1.(3 im) Thc hin php tnh :
a/ 2xy(x
2
+ xy - 3y
2
)
b/ (x + 2)(3x
2
- 2)
c/ (x
3
+ 3x
2
- 8x - 20) : (x + 2)
Bi 2.(3 im) Rt gn biu thc sau ri tnh gi tr ti x = 1 :
A = (x - 3)
2
- (x - 1)(x + 1)
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
51
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
Bi 3.(1 im) Tm x, bit :
(4x + 1)(x - 2) + (2x -3)(x 2) = 0
Bi 4.(3 im) Phn tch cc a thc sau thnh nhn t :
a/ x
2
- y
2
+ 7x - 7y
b/ x
2
+ x - 6
IV. P N - THANG IM
Bi p n im
1a
2xy(x
2
+ xy - 3y
2
)
= 2xy. x
2
+ 2xy . xy - 2xy. 3y
2
= 2x
3
y + 2x
2
y
2
- 6xy
3
0,5
0,5
1b
2
2 2
3 2 2
3 2
(x 2)(3x 4x)
x(3x 4x) 2(3x 4x)
3x 4x 6x 8x
3x 2x 8x
+
+
+
+
0,5
0,5
1c
x
3
+ 3x
2
- 8x - 20 x + 2
x
3
+ 2x
2
x
2
+ x - 10
0 + x
2
- 8x - 20
x
2
+ 2x
0 - 10x - 20
10x - 20
0
Vy:
3 2 2
(x 3x 8x 12):(x 2) x x 10 + + +
0,25
0,5
0,25
2
A = (x - 3)
2
- (x - 1)(x + 1)
A = (x
2
- 6x + 9) - (x
2
- 1)
A = x
2
- 6x + 9 - x
2
+ 1
A = - 6x + 10
Ti x = 1 ta c :
A = -6 . 1 + 10
A = 4
0,1
0,5
0,5

0,5
0,5
3
(4x + 1)(x - 2) + (2x -3)(x 2) = 0
(x - 2)[(4x +1) + (2x -3)] = 0
(x - 2)(6x - 2) = 0
=> x 2 = 0 hoc 6x 2 = 0
1) x 2 = 0
x = 2
2) 6x 2 = 0
x =
1
3
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
4a
x
2
- y
2
+7x - 7y
= (x
2
- y
2
) + (7x - 7y)
= (x - y)(x + y) + 7(x - y)
= (x - y)(x + y + 7)
0,5
0,5
0,5
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
52
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
4b
+
+ + +
+ + +
2
2 2
x x 6
x 3x 2x 6 (x 3x) (2x 6)
x(x 3) 2(x 3) (x 3)(x 2)
0,5
0,25
0,25
0,5
Hc sinh lm theo cch khc nu ng vn cho im ti a
IV. RT KINH NGHIM.
Ngy son : 03/11/2011
Ngy dy :.
CHNG II: PHN THC I S
TIT 22: PHN THC I S
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc : HS nm vng nh ngha phn thc i s . Hiu r hai phn thc bng
nhau
A C
AD BC
B D

.
2. K nng : Vn dng nh ngha nhn bit hai phn thc bng nhau.
3. Thi : Pht trin t duy lgic cho HS
II. CHUN B:
III. TIN TRNH BI DY
Hot ng 1 : Gii thiu chng (3)
Chng II : PHN
THC I S
1. Phn thc i s
- Gi HS tm thng
trong cc php chia :
a) (x
2
-1) : (x+1)
b) (x
2
-1) : (x-1)
c) (x
2
-1) : (x+2)
- T c nhn xt
g?
- GV gii thiu
chng II
- HS lm vic theo nhm
cng bn, i din nhm
tr li:
a) x 1
b) x +1
c) Khng tm c
thng
- Nhn xt: a thc x
2
1
khng phi bao gi cng
chia ht cho cc a thc
0
Nghe gii thiu, ghi bi.
Hot ng 2 : Hnh thnh khi nim phn thc (14)
1. Kin thc : HS hiu c khi nim phn thc
2. K nng : HS vit c phn thc
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
53
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
1) nh ngha :
(SGK trang 35)
V d:
1
1
;
1
12
;
1 5 2
2 3
2
+
x
x
x x
x

l cc phn thc i s.
Ch :
Mi a thc cng
c coi l mt phn
thc vi mu thc bng 1
Mi s thc a cng l
mt phn thc i s.
- Hy quan st v
nhn xt dng ca cc
biu thc sau:
1
1
;
1
12
;
1 5 2
2 3
2
+
x
x
x x
x

mi biu thc nh
trn c gi l mt
phn thc i s.
Theo em th no l
phn thc i s?
- GV nu nh nghi
phn thc i s.
- Gi mt s em cho
v d v phn thc i
s (lm ?1)
- Cho HS lm ?2
- GV cht li v nu
ch
- HS quan st, trao i
nhm cng bn, trnh by
nhn xt:
- C dng
B
A
- A, B l cc a thc ; B
0
- HS tr li:
- HS nhc li nh ngha,
ghi bi vo v
- Thc hin ?1 : HS1 chov
d
- HS2 cho v d
- Thc hin ?2 : HS tr li
c nhn
Hot ng 3 : Phn thc bng nhau (15)
1. Kin thc : HS hiu c khi nim hai phn thc bng nhau
2. K nng : HS chng minh c hai phn thc bng nhau
2) Hai phn thc bng
nhau :
Nu A.D = B.C
V d :
1
1
1
1
2
+
x x
x
v
(1 + x)(1 - x) = 1.(1 -
x
2
)
- Cho HS nhc li
nh ngha hai nhn s
bng nhau
- GV nhc li v ghi
gc bng:

d
c
b
a
a.d =
b.c
- T hy th nu
nh ngha hai phn
thc bng nhau?
- GV hon chnh nh
ngha v ghi bng
- Lm th no
khng nh hai phn
thc
B
A
v
D
C
bng
nhau?
Vd: ni
1
1
1
1
2
+
x x
x

ng hay sai? Gii
- HS nu nh ngha hai
phn s bng nhau
- HS a ra nh ngha hai
phn thc bng nhau
- HS nhc li, ghi bi
- HS trao i cng bn ,
ng ti ch tr li: Kim
tra tch A.D v C.B c
bng nhau khng?
- ng ti ch xt v d, tr
li
- Ln lt thc hin trn
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
54
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
thch?
- Cho HS thc hin
ln lt ?3, ?4, ?5
- Gi ln tng em ln
bng (hoc tr li)
Cho HS lp nhn xt
phiu hc tp (mt em thc
hin bng)
- ?3 ng, v 3x
2
y.2y
2
=
6xy
3
.x = 6x
2
y
3

- ?4 Bng,
v (3x+6) = 3(x
2
+2x)
- ?5 Vn ni ng, v
(3x+3)x = 3x(x+1)
Quang ni sai,
v 3x+3 3x.3
Bi 2 trang 36 SGK
Ba phn thc sau c bng
nhau khng ?
2
2
2 3 x x
x x

+
;
3 x
x
;
2
2
4 3 x x
x x
+
Bi 3 trang 36 SGK
Chn a thc thch hp
trong ba a thc: x
2
4x,
x
2
+4, x
2
+4x ri in vo
ch trng:

4 16
...
2
x
x
x
- Ghi bng bi tp 2
Yu cu HS thc hin
theo nhm
Sa sai cho tng
nhm
- Ghi bng bi 3
- Gi mt HS lm
bng
- Cho HS lp nhn
xt, sa sai
- HS hp tc theo nhm
lm bi
2
2
2 3 x x
x x

+
=
3 x
x
=
2
2
4 3 x x
x x
+
- Bi 3: HS lm c nhn,
mt HS lm bng :
Ta c: ()(x 4) = x(x
2

16)
= x(x+4)
(x-4)
vy () = x
2
+4x
IV. RT KINH NGHIM.
Ngy son : 07/11/2011
Ngy dy :.

TIT 23 TNH CHT C BN CA PHN THC
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc: +HS nm vng tnh cht c bn ca phn thc lm c s cho vic rt gn
phn thc.
+ Hiu c qui tc i du c suy ra t tnh cht c bn ca PT ( Nhn c t v mu
vi -1).
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
55
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
2.K nng: HS thc hin ng vic i du 1 nhn t no ca phn thc bng cch i
du 1 nhn t no cho vic rt gn phn thc sau ny.
3.Thi : Yu thch b mn
II. CHUN B :
III. TIN TRNH BI DY
1. Nu nh ngha 2 phn
thc bng nhau. (5)
2. Cho 3 a thc: x
2
5x;
x
2
+5; x
2
+ 5x. hy chn a
thc thch hp trong 3 a
thc trn in vo
trong ng thc sau :
5 25
...
2
x
x
x
(5)
- Treo bng ph ghi .
- Gi mt HS ln bng
- C lp cng lm bi
- Kim tra bi tp v nh
ca HS
- Cho HS nhn xt cu tr
li
- Nhn xt nh gi, cho
im
- HS c cu hi kim tra
- Mt HS ln bng tr li
- HS ln bng pht biu v
lm bi
1.
D
C
B
A
nu A.D = B.C
2. x
2
+ 5x
- HS khc nhn xt
- HS sa bi vo tp
2. TNH CHT C BN
CA PHN THC
- Tnh cht ca phn thc
c ging tnh cht ca
phn s hay khng ?
bit c iu ta vo
bi hc hm nay
- HS ch nghe v ghi ta
bi
Hot ng 3 : Tnh cht c bn ca phn thc (17)
1. Kin thc : HS nm vng c tnh cht c bn ca phn thc
2. K nng : Bc u thu gon c phn thc
1) Tnh cht c bn ca
phn thc :

- Cho HS nhc li tnh cht
c bn ca phn s ?1
- Cho HS lm ?2, ?3
- T ?1, ?2, ?3 hy pht
- HS pht biu tnh cht c
bn ca phn s
- Thc hin ?2, ?3 theo
nhm, mi nhm 1 bi :
?2 Sau khi nhn ta c
phn thc
) 2 ( 3
) 2 (
+
+
x
x x
ta thy
) 2 ( 3
) 2 (
3 +
+
x
x x x

v x.3(x +2) = 3.x(x +2)
?3 Sau khi chia ta c
pthc
2
2y
x
Tac
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
56
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
(SGK trang 37)

M B
M A
B
A
.
.
(M l 1 athc
khc a thc 0)
N B
N A
B
A
:
:
(N l nhn t
chung)
V d :
) 1 ( : ) 1 )( 1 (
) 1 ( : ) 1 ( 2
) 1 )( 1 (
) 1 ( 2
+

x x x
x x x
x x
x x

=
1
2
+ x
x
biu tnh cht c bn ca
phn thc?
- GV hon chnh v ghi
bng
- Cho HS thc hin ?4
2 3
2
2 6
3
y
x
xy
y x

v 3x
2
y.2y
2
= 6xy
3
.x =
6x
2
y
3

- HS suy ra tnh cht ca
phn thc
- HS pht biu li tnh cht
(vi ln)
thc hin ?4 : hp tc
lm bi theo 2 nhm(mi
nhm 1 bi)
a) V ta chia t v mu
cho a thc (x 1)
b) V ta nhn t v mu
ca phn thc
B
A
vi (-1)
Hot ng 4 : Qui tc i du (10)
1. Kin thc : HS Nm vng uy tc i du
2. K nng : HS p dng c quy tc i du vo gii ton
2) Qui tc i du :
Nu i du c t v mu
ca mt phn thc th c
mt phn thc bng phn
thc cho:
B
A
B
A
?5
a)
4 4
x
y x
x
x y

b)
11
5
11
5
2 2
x
x
x
x
- T ?4 hy nu qui tc i
du phn thc?
- GV pht biu, ghi bng
- Cho HS lm ?5
- Gi hai i din trnh by
bi gii yu cu trnh by
tng bc khng lm tt.
- GV hon chnh bi lm
- HS suy ngh v tr li qui
tc di du
- HS nhc li, ghi bi
thc hin ?5 theo nhm
- Hai HS ln bng trnh
by bi gii tng bc theo
yu cu ca GV a)
4 4
x
y x
x
x y

b)
11
5
11
5
2 2
x
x
x
x
- HS sa bi vo tp
Bi 5 trang 38 SGK
in a thc thch hp vo
mi trng trong cc ng
thc sau :
a)
3 2
x x ......
(x 1)(x 1) x 1
+
+
b)
2 2
5(x y) 5x 5y
2 .........
+
Bi 5 trang 38 SGK
- Ghi bng bi 5 (hoc
chun b sn trn bng
ph)
- Cho cc nhm trnh by,
nhn xt cho
- HS lm bi tp 5 theo
nhm:
a)
1 ) 1 )( 1 (
) 1 (
) 1 )( 1 (
2 2 2 3
+
+
+
+
x
x
x x
x x
x x
x x
b) 5x
2
-5y
2
= 5(x
2
-y
2
) =
5(x+y)(x-y)
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
57
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
- GV sa sai cho HS (nu
c)
- V tri chng t chia
t ca v phi cho x y.
vy phi in vo ch
trng l 2(x y)
IV. RT KINH NGHIM.
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
58
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
59
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
Ngy son : 12/11/2011

TIT 24 RT GN PHN THC
I. MC TIU :
- Kin thc: + KS nm vng qui tc rt gn phn thc.
+ Hiu c qui tc i du ( Nhn c t v mu vi -1) p dng vo rt
gn.
- K nng: HS thc hin vic rt gn phn thc bng cch phn tich t thc v mu thc
thnh nhn t, lm xut hin nhn t chung.
- Thi : Rn t duy lgic sng to
II. CHUN B:
III. TIN TRNH BI DY
Hot ng 1 : Kim tra bi c ( 7)
1/ Vit cng thc tnh cht
c bn ca phn thc i
s. (5)
2/ Cho phn thc
1
1
2
x
x
.
Hy dng tnh cht c bn
ca phn thc tm mt
phn thc bng phn thc
cho v c mu l x +1 (5)
- Treo bng ph ghi
- Gi 1 HS ln bng cng
lm
- C lp cng lm bi
ca HS
- Cho HS khc nhn xt
- GV hon chnh v cho
im
- HS c bi
- 1 HS ln bng lm
1/ Pht biu SGK trang 37
2/

+
2
x 1 (x 1):(x 1)
(x 1)(x 1):(x 1) x 1
1
x 1
- HS khc nhn xt
- HS sa bi vo tp
3. RT GN PHN
THC
- GV gii thiu : Nh tnh
cht c bn ca phn s,
mi phn s u c th rt
gn. Phn thc cng c
tnh cht c bn Ta hy
xt xem c th rt gn
phn thc ging nh phn
- HS nghe gii thiu v ghi
ta bi
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
60
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
s hay khng ?
Hot ng 3 : Hnh thnh nhn xt (18)
1. Kin thc : HS bit cch rt gn phn thc
2. K nng : HS rt gn c phn thc

Nhn xt:
- Phn tch t v mu thnh
nhn t ( nu cn) tm
nhn t chung
- Chia c t v mu cho
nhn t chung
V d 1 :
Rt gn phn thc
2
) 2 (
) 2 )( 2 (
) 2 (
) 2 )( 2 (
) 4 4 (
4
4 4
2
2
2
2 3
+
+
+
+
x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x x
x
x x x
- Cho HS thc hin ?1
- GV ghi kt qu ln bng
Ni: T v mu ca phn
thc tm c c h s v
s m ca cc bin thp
hn so vi h s v s m
tng ng trong phn thc
cho.
- Treo bng ph ghi bi tp
tt
3 3
2 2
2
3
5
4 2
5
2 3
10
8
...;
12
6
...;
20
15
...;
25
14
y x
y x
y x
y x
xy
y x
xy
y x

- Cho HS lm ?2
- GV ghi bng
- Cch rt gn mt phn
thc?
- GV cht li v nu nhn
xt nh sgk
- Ghi bng ?3
- Gi HS nhn xt, sa sai
bng nu c
- HS thc hin ?1
- Nhn t chung: 2x
2

- Chia t v mu cho 2x
2

y
x
y x
x x
y x
x
5
2
10
2 : 4
10
4
2
2 3
2
3

chia lp lm 4 nhm,
mi nhm lm mt bi
thc hin ?2 theo nhm
- i din nhm ng ti
ch tr li
x x x
x
x x
x
5
1
) 2 ( 25
) 2 ( 5
50 25
10 5
2

+
+
+
+
- HS tr li
- HS thc hin ?3 theo
nhm cng bn, mt HS
trnh by bng
?3
2 2
2
2 3
2
5
1
) 1 ( 5
) 1 (
5 5
1 2
x
x
x x
x
x x
x x +
+
+
+
+ +
- HS khc nhn xt
Hot ng 4 : Qui tc i du (10)
2. K nng : HS bit dng quy tc i du lm xut hin nhaan t chung rt gn
phn thc.
2) V d 2 : Rt gn phn
thc :
) 1 (
1
x x
x
Gii:
x x x
x
x x
x 1
) 1 (
) 1 (
) 1 (
1
Ch : C khi cn i du
- Ghi bng v d 2
- Cho HS lm theo nhm
- Gi HS trnh by
- Cho HS khc nhn xt
- GV cht li cch lm v
nu ch nh sgk
tho lun theo nhm
cng bn
- HS ng ti ch ni cch
lm v nu kt qu
- HS nu nhn xt
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
61
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
t hoc mu nhn ra nhn
t chung ca t v mu

- Ghi bng ?4
- Gi 1 HS ln bng lm
- HS ghi bi.
- HS thc hin ?4 vo v
(mt HS lm bng):
3
) (
) ( 3 ) ( 3

y x
y x
x y
y x
Bi 7 trang 40 SGK
Rt gn phn thc :
a)
2 2
5
6x y
8xy

b)
2
3
10xy (x y)
15xy(x y)
+
+
Bi 7 trang 40 SGK
- Ghi bng bi tp 7
- Yu cu HS lm vo
phiu hc tp
- Thu bi mt vi HS
- Treo bng ph ca 2 HS
trn
- Cho HS lp nhn xt, sa
sai
- HS lm bi 7 trn phiu
hc tp (hai HS lm trn
bng ph c nhn)
a) =
3
4
3
y
x
; b) =
2
) ( 3
2
y x
y
+

- HS lp nhn xt bi ca
hai bn
- HS t sa sai (nu c)
IV. RT KINH NGHIM.
Ngy son : 14/11/2011
TIT 25 QUY NG MU THC CA NHIU PHN THC

I. MC TIU :
- Kin thc: HS hiu " Quy ng mu thc nhiu phn thc l bin i cc phn thc
cho thnh nhng phn thc mi c cng mu thc v ln lt bng nhng phn thc
chn". Nm vng cc bc qui ng mu thc.
- K nng: HS bit tm mu thc chung, bit tm nhn t ph ca mi mu thc, khi cc
mu thc cu cc phn thc cho trc c nhn t i nhau, HS bit i du c nhn t
chung v tm ra mu thc chung.
- Thi : thc hc tp - T duy lgic sng to .
II. CHUN B:
III.TIN TRNH BI DY.
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
62
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
Hot ng 1: Kim tra bi c (10)
Cho 2 phn thc
1
x 1 +
v
1
x 1

Dng tnh cht c bn ca
phn thc, hy bin i cp
phn thc trn thnh cp
phn thc bng vi chng
v c cng mu?
- Treo bng ph ghi kim
tra
- Gi hai HS ln bng lm
- C lp cng lm bi
- Kim v bi tp nh 2
HS
- Cho HS nhn xt cu tr
li
- Nhn xt chung v cho
im
- HS c bi
- Hai HS cng ln bng
1 1(x 1)
x 1 (x 1)(x 1)
1 1(x 1)
x 1 (x 1)(x 1)
+ +
+
+
- HS khc nhn xt bng
- HS sa bi vo tp
4. QUI NG
PHN THC NHIU
PHN THC
- GV gii thiu : Cch lm
nh trn c gi l qui ng
mu ca nhiu phn thc.
Theo cc em quy ng mu
thc ca nhiu phn thc l
g?
- HS suy ngh, tr li:
- HS ghi ta bi
Hot ng 3 : Tm mu thc chung (20)
1. Kin thc : HS bit cch tm mu thc thc chung ca hai hay nhiu phn thc
2. K nng : HS tm c mu thc chung ca nhiu phn thc
1) Tm mu thc chung :
V d 1 : Mu thc chung
ca hai phn thc
yz x
2
6
2

v
3
4
5
xy
l 12x
2
y
3
z ;
24x
3
y
4
z ;
V d 2 : Tm mu thc
chung
4 8 4
1
2
+ x x
v
x x 6 6
5
2

Ta tm nh sau :
Phn tch cc mu thnh
nhn t:
4x
2
8x +2= 4(x
2
2x +1)
= 4(x 1)
2

6x
2
6x = 6x(x 1)
Chn MTC l:12x(x- 1)
2

Nhn xt :
- QMT trc ht ta phi
tm mu thc chung (MTC)
- Nu ?1 , cho HS thc hin
- Lu HS: MTC phi chia
ht cho cc mu thc ca cc
phn thc cho
Hi: Mun tm MTC ca
nhiu phn thc ta lm nh
th no?
- Ghi bng v d 2.
- Gi HS nu cc bc
tm MTC v thc hin :
- Cho 2HS phn tch 2
mu
- Gi mt HS chn MTC cho
hai mu thc
- Sau treo bng ph m t
tho lun nhm cng
bn, tr li: c th chn
c nhiu MTC nhng
nn chn MTC n gin
nht.
- HS suy ngh (c th cha
tr li c)
- Ghi vo v VD2 v thc
hin tm MTC :
+ Phn tch cc MT thnh
nhn t (hai HS lm
bng)
4x
2
8x + 2 = 4(x
2
2x +
1)
= 4(x -1)
2

6x
2
6x = 6x(x 1)
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
63
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
(SGK trang 42) cch lp MTC (nh SGK) v
gii thch
- T nu nhn xt v cch
tm MTC ca nhiu phn
thc?
Tr li MTC : 12x(x 1)
2

- Theo di nm cch lm
- Qua nu nhn xt v
cch tm MTC ca nhiu
phn thc.
Gii :
2 2
6 3
;
2 6 3 18 27
x x
x x x x
+
+ + +
Ta c :
2
2 2
2
2 6 2 ( 3)
3 18 27 3( 3)
6 ( 3)
x x x x
x x x
MTC x x
+ +
+ + +
+
GV : tro bng ph bi ton
Tm mu thc chung ca hai
phn thc sau
2 2
6 3
;
2 6 3 18 27
x x
x x x x
+
+ + +
- HS ln bng lm
- HS nhn xt bi lm ca
bn
IV. RT KINH NGHIM.
Ngy son : 19/11/2011
TIT 26 QUY NG MU THC CA NHIU PHN THC
I- MC TIU :
- Kin thc: HS thc hnh thnh tho vic qui ng mu thc cc phn thc, lm c s
cho vic thc hin php tnh cng cc phn thc i s cc tit tip theo
- Mc qui ng khng qu 3 phn thc vi mu thc l cc a thc c dng d phn
tch thnh nhn t.
- K nng: qui ng mu thc cc phn thc nhanh.
- Thi : T duy l gc, nhanh, cn thn.
II. CHUN B:
- dng : Bng ph, thc thng , bng nhm
III- TIN TRNH BI DY:
Hot ng 1: Kim tra bi c (5)
? Nu cc bc tm MTC c
hai hay nhiu phn thc
- Chnh xc cu tr li ca
HS v xho im
- HS ln bng tr li
- HS nhn xt
Hot ng 2 : Qui ng mu thc (15)
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
64
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
1. Kin thc : HS nm vng cc bc quy ng mu thc nhiu phn thc
2. K nng : HS quy ng thnh tho mu thc nhiu phn thc
2) Qui ng mu thc :
V d : Qui ng mu thc
hai phn thc:

4 8 4
1
2
+ x x
v
x x 6 6
5
2
Gii
MTC = 12x(x 1)
+
2 2
) 1 ( 4
1
4 8 4
1
x x x
= 2 2
) 1 ( 12
3
3 . ) 1 ( 4
3 . 1
x x
x
x x
x

) 1 ( 6
5
6 6
5
2
x x x x
= 2
) 1 ( 12
) 1 ( 10
) 1 ( 2 ). 1 ( 6
) 1 ( 2 . 5
x x
x
x x x
x
Nhn xt : (SGK trang 42)
- Hy qui ng mu ca hai
phn thc trn?
- Ghi bng v d , ta c
MTC l g?
- Vy phi lm th no
cc phn thc trn c cng
MTC ? (Phi nhn t v mu
mi phn thc vi a thc
no?)
- Gi 2 HS lm bng
Ta gi 3x v 2(x 1) l cc
nhn t ph.
- Qua v d, em hy nu cc
bc thc hin khi qui ng
mu thc nhiu phn thc?
- Cho HS khc nhc li, ghi
bng
- HS suy ngh cch lm
- Ghi vo v v d
Tr li: MTC = 12x(x 1)
- HS lm vic theo nhm
nh cng bn
Tr li: nhn t v mu ca
phn thc th nht vi 3x,
ca phn thc thc hai vi
2(x-1)
- Hai HS lm bng (mi
HS mt phn thc)
- HS nu nhn xt v qui
trnh qui ng mu thc
nhiu phn thc
- HS khc nhc li v ghi
bi
2. K nng : Cng c k nng quy ng mu thc nhiu phn thc
?2 Qui ng mu thc hai
phn thc
x x 5
3
2
v
10 2
5
x

?3 Qui ng mu thc hai
phn thc
x x 5
3
2
v
x 2 10
5

Gii ?3
+ Phn tch cc mu thc
thnh nhn t :
x
2
5x = x(x 5)
10 2x = 2(5 x) = -2(x 5)
+ Mu thc chung : 2x(x
5)
+ Qui ng mu thc :
- Nu ?2 v ?3 cho HS thc
hin
- Theo di v gip HS
lm bi
- Lu HS thc hin i du
trong bi tp ?3
- Kim bi lm mt vi HS
chia HS lm hai nhm,
mi nhm lm mt bi (hai
HS gii bng, hoc bng
ph)
?2Ptch MT c x(x - 5) v
2(x-5) MTC = 2x(x 5)
QMT c
) 5 ( 2
6
x x
v
) 5 ( 2
5
x x
x

?3 : Ptch MT c x(x 5)
v 2(5 - x) = -2(x - 5)
MTC :
2x(x-
5)
QMT c
) 5 ( 2
6
x x
v
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
65
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
*
2 ). 5 (
2 . 3
) 5 (
3
5
3
2
x x x x x x
=
) 5 ( 2
6
x x

*
) 5 ( 2
5
) 5 ( 2
5
2 10
5
x x x
=
) 5 ( 2
5
). 5 ( 2
. 5
x x
x
x x
x
bng, sa sai (nu c)
- GV trnh by bi gii mu
(bng ph) v cht li cch
lm
) 5 ( 2
5
x x
x

- C lp nhn xt bi gii
ca bn trn bng
- Nghe ging v ghi bi vo
v
Hot ng 6 : Dn d (5)
BTVN. Bi 14 trang 43
SGK
Bi 15 trang 43
SGK
Bi 14 trang 43 SGK
Bi 15 trang 43 SGK
- Hc bi: nm vng cch
lm (nhn xt trang 42).
- HS nghe dn v ghi ch
vo v
IV. RT KINH NGHIM.
Ngy son : 21/11/2011

TIT 27 PHP CNG CC PHN THC I S
I- MC TIU :
- Kin thc: HS nm c php cng cc phn thc (cng mu, khng cng mu). Cc
tnh cht giao hon v kt hp ca php cng cc phn thc
- K nng:HS bit cch trnh by li gii ca php tnh cng cc phn thc theo trmh t:
- Bit vn dng tnh cht giao hon v kt hp ca php cng cc phn thcmt cch linh
hot thc hin php cng cc phn thc hp l n gin hn
II. CHUN B :
1/ Mun qui ng mu
thc nhiu phn thc ta
lm nh th no ? (4)
2/ Qui ng mu thc 2
phn thc

2 2
1
+
x
x
v
1
2
2
x
x

- Treo bng ph ghi
- Gi HS ln bng lm
- C lp cng lm bi
- Kim v bi tp nh
2 HS
- HS c bi
- HS ln bng lm bi
1/ Pht biu SGK trang
42
2x-2 = 2(x-1); x
2
-1 =
(x+1)(x-1)
MTC = 2(x+1)(x-1)
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
66
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
- Cho HS nhn xt cu
tr li
- Nhn xt chung v cho
im
2
x 1 (x 1)(x 1) (x 1)
2x 2 2(x 1)(x 1 2(x 1)(x 1)
+ + + +

+ +
2
2x 2x.2 4x
x 1 2(x 1)(x 1) 2(x 1)(x 1)

+ +
- HS khc nhn xt
bng
- HS sa bi vo tp
5. PHP CNG CC
PHN THC I S
- Cc em hc cch
cng hai phn s lp 7.
Hm nay chng ta s tm
hiu xem cch cng hai
phn thc c ging vi
cch cng hai phn s hay
khng ?
- HS nghe gii thiu v
ghi ta bi
Hot ng 3 : Cng hai phn thc cng mu (10)
1. Kin thc : HS nm vng quy tc cng hai phn thc cng mu
2. K nng : HS cng c hai phn thc cng mu
1) Cng hai phn thc
cng mu thc :
a) Qui tc :
(SGK trang 44)
b)V du : Thc hin php
cng
2 2
3x 1 2x 2
7x y 7x y
+ +
+
=
2 2
3x 1 2x 2 5x 3
7x y 7x y
+ + + +
- Pht biu qui tc cng

hai phn s cng mu ?
- Php cng hai phn thc
cng mu thc cng thc
hin nh vy => Qui tc
- Cho HS lm ?1
- C lp cng lm bi
- HS khc nhn xt
- GV hon chnh bi gii
Lu HS: Rt gn kt
qu (nu c)
- HS nhc li php cng
hai phn s cng mu.
- HS pht biu SGK trang
44
- HS thc hin ?1

2 2
3x 1 2x 2
7x y 7x y
+ +
+
=
2 2
3x 1 2x 2 5x 3
7x y 7x y
+ + + +
- HS khc nhn xt
- HS sa bi vo tp
Hot ng 4 : Cng hai phn thc c mu thc khc nhau (20)
1. Kin thc : HS nm vng quy tc cng hai phn thc c mu khc nhau
2. K nng : HS cng c hai phn thc c mu khc nhau
2) Cng hai phn thc c
mu thc khc nhau :
- Nu ?2 v hng dn :
+ Nhn xt hai phn
thc ?
+ Ta phi lm sao ?
- Cho HS chia nhm
- C mu thc khc nhau
- Qui ng mu thc
bi ton tr v cng hai
phn thc cng mu
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
67
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
a) Qui tc :
(SGK trang 45)
b)V d : Thc hin php
cng
y y y
y
6
6
36 6
12
2
x
2
+6x = x(x+6) ;
2x+12=2(x+6
MTC : 2x(x+6)

2
y 12 6
6y 36 y 6y
+

=
y 12 6
6(y 6) y(y 6)
+

=
(y 12)y 6.6
6y(y 6)
+
=
2
y 12y 36
6y(y 6)
+

2
(y 6) y 6
y(y 6) y

lm ?2
- Mun cng hai phn
thc khc mu ta phi lm
sao ?
- Cho HS lm ?3
- Cho HS khc nhn xt
- GV hon chnh bi lm
thc hin ?2 theo
nhm nh cng bn
I) x
2
+4x = x(x+4) ; 2x+8
= 2(x+4)
MTC : 2x(x+4)

2
6 3
x 4x 2x 8
+
+ +
=
6 3
x(x 4) 2(x 4)
+
+ +
=
) 4 ( 2
12 3
) 4 ( 2
. 3 2 . 6
+
+
+
+
x x
x
x x
x
=
3(x 4) 3
x(x 4) x
+
+
- HS pht biu qui tc
SGK trang 45
- HS lm ? 3
x
2
+6x = x(x+6) ;
2x+12=2(x+6
MTC : 2x(x+6)

2
y 12 6
6y 36 y 6y
+

=
y 12 6
6(y 6) y(y 6)
+

=
(y 12)y 6.6
6y(y 6)
+
=
2
y 12y 36
6y(y 6)
+

2
(y 6) y 6
y(y 6) y

- HS khc nhn xt
- HS sa bi vo tp
Hot ng 5 : Xt tnh cht php cng phn thc (5)
1. Kin thc : HS nm c tnh cht ca php cng phn thc
2. K nng : HS vn dng c tnh cht cng phn thc vo gii ton
3) Ch :
(SGK trang 45)
- Treo bng ph, gii
thiu cc tnh cht ca
php cng
- Cho HS thc hin ?4
- HS quan st
- HS c cc tnh cht
trn bng ph
- HS lm ?4 :
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
68
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
- GV cht li : nh tnh
cht ca php cng, ta c
th tnh ton nhanh hn
1
2
2
2
1
2
1
2
1
) 2 (
2
2
1
) 2 (
2
) 2 (
2
2
2 2
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
x
x
x
x
x x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Hot ng 6 : Dn d (2)
BTVN.
Bi 21 trang 46 SGK
Bi 22 trang 46 SGK
Bi 23 trang 46 SGK
Bi 21 trang 46 SGK
Bi 22 trang 46 SGK
Bi 23 trang 46 SGK
- V xem li qui tc qui
ng mu thc v cc bi
tp gii
- Tit sau Luyn tp
- Xem li v d cng hai
phn thc cng mu
- Xem li qui tc i du
phn thc
- Xem li qui tc qui
ng mu thc
- HS nghe v ghi ch vo
tp
IV. RT KINH NGHIM.
Ngy son : 26/11/2011

TIT 28 PHP TR CC PHN THC I S
I- MC TIU :
- Kin thc: HS nm c khi nin phn thc i
- K nng: HS bit cch tm c phn thc i ca mt phn thc
- Bit vn dng tnh cht i du cc phn thc mt cch linh hot .
II. CHUN B:
1/ Pht biu qui tc cng hai
phn thc cng mu ? (4)
2/ Thc hin php tnh : (6)
a)
1
3
1
3
+
+
+ x
x
x
x

b)
B
A
B
A
+
- Treo bng ph ghi
- Gi HS ln bng lm
- Kim v bi tp nh
2 HS
- C lp cng lm vo
nhp
- Cho HS nhn xt cu
- HS c bi
- HS ln bng lm
2/
a)
1
3
1
3
+
+
+ x
x
x
x
=
1
) 3 ( 3
+
+
x
x x
= 0
b)
B
A
B
A
+
=
B
A A ) ( +
= 0
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
69
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
tr li
- Nhn xt ,nh gi cho
im
- Nhn xt bng, sa sai
- HS sa bi vo tp
6. PHP TR CC
PHN THC I S
- GV gii thiu : Ta
bit mun tr s hu t a
cho s hu t b ta cng a
vi s i ca b. i vi
phn thc i s ta cng
c khi nim phn thc
i v qui tc tr tng
t .
ta bi
Hot ng 3 : Phn thc i (17)
KT : HS nm c khi nim phn thc i
KN : Xc nh c phn thc i ca mt phn thc
1. Phn thc i :
Hai phn thc c gi l
i nhau nu tng ca chng
bng 0.
Phn thc i ca phn
thc
B
A
c k hiu bi
B
A

Ta c :

B
A
B
A

v
B
A
B
A

V d: Phn thc i ca
phn thc
x
x 1
l
x
x
x
x 1 1
- Nhn xt g v cc kt
qu va tnh?
- Ta gi chng l nhng
cp phn thc i nhau.
Vy th no l hai phn
thc i nhau?
- Cho v d v hai phn
thc i nhau?
- GV cht li v ghi bng
v d
T
B
A
B
A
+
= 0 c th kt
lun (suy ra) iu g ?
- T hy vit phn
thc bng phn thc
B
A
;
B
A
?
- Cho HS thc hin ?2 :
Tm phn thc i ca
phn thc :
5 2
3
;
2
3
;
1
+

x
x
x
x
x
x
- HS nu nhn xt: Tng hai
phn thc bng 0 .
- HS tr li: hai phn thc i
nhau nu tng ca chng bng
0
- HS t cho v d
- HS ghi bi
- HS suy ngh, tr li:
B
A
l
phn thc i
B
A
v ngc li
Tr li:
B
A
B
A

;
B
A
B
A
- HS thc hin ?2
Phn thc i ca
x
x 1
l
x
x
x
x 1 1
Phn thc i ca
x 3
x 2
+
l
x 3 x 3
x 2 x 2
+

Phn thc i ca
3 x
2x 5
l
3 x x 3
2x 5 2x 5

Hot ng 3 : Php tr (16)
KT : HS nm c quy tc tr hai phn thc
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
70
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
KN : HS thc hin c php tr hai phn thc
2. Php tr :
a) Qui tc :
(sgk)
b) V d : Tr hai phn thc
x x x
x
x x
x
x x
x x
x x
x
x x
x
x x
x
x x x
x
x
1
) 3 ( 2
) 3 ( 2
) 3 ( 2
6 2
) 3 ( 2
6 3
) 3 ( 2
6
) 3 ( 2
3
) 3 ( 2
) 6 (
) 3 ( 2
3
6 2
6
6 2
3
2
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

+
+
+
- Pht biu qui tc tr hai
phn s ?
- Tng t php tr 2
phn s, hy th pht biu
qui tc php tr hai phn
thc?
- Kt qu php tr
B
A
cho
D
C
gi l hiu ca
B
A
v
D
C

- Ghi bng v d
- Hng dn HS thc
hin tng phn (xem nh
bi gii mu)
- HS nhc li qui tc tr hai
phn s
- HS pht biu bng li qui
tc tr hai phn thc.
- Tm tt cng thc
- HS nghe hiu
- HS thc theo hng dn
ca GV tip tc thc hin cc
bc sau
? Nhc li quy tc tr hai
phn thc
- Tr li
- Nhn xt
IV. RT KINH NGHIM.
Ngy son : 28/11/2011
TIT 29 PHP TR CC PHN THC I S ( Tip )
I- MC TIU :
- Kin thc: HS nm c php tr cc phn thc (cng mu, khng cng mu).
+ Bit thc hin php tr theo qui tc
A C A C
B D B D
_
+

,

- K nng: HS bit cch trnh by li gii ca php tnh tr cc phn thc theo trmh t:
+ Vit kt qu phn tch cc mu thnh nhn t ri tm MTC
+ Vit dy biu thc lin tip bng nhau theo th t hiu cho vi cc mu c
phn tch thnh nhn t bng tng i s cc phn thc qui ng . Mu bng phn thc
hiu ( C t bng hiu cc t v c mu l mu thc chung) bng phn thc rt gn ( nu
c th)
- Bit vn dng tnh cht i du cc phn thc mt cch linh hot thc hin php tr
cc phn thc hp l n gin hn
II. CHUN B:
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
71
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
Quy tc tr hai phn thc
A C A C
B D B D
_
+

,
? Nhc li quy tc tr hai
phn thc
- Tr li v ghi biu thc
ln bng
- Nhn xt
2. K nng : HS thc hin php tr phn thc thnh tho.
?3 Lm tnh tr phn thc:

2 2
2 2
3 1
1
3 ( 1)
1
3 ( 1)
( 1)( 1) ( 1)
( 3) ( 1)( 1)
( 1)( 1) ( 1)( 1)
( 3) ( 1)( 1)
( 1)( 1)
1
( 1)( 1)
1
( 1)
x x
x x x
x x
x x x
x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x x x
x x x x
x x x
x
x x x
x x
+ +

+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+ + +
+
?4 Thc hin php tnh:

2 9 9
1 1 1
2 9 9
( ) ( )
1 1 1
2 9 9
1 1 1
2 9 9
1
3 16
1
x x x
x x x
x x x
x x x
x x x
x x x
x x x
x
x
x
+

+
+ +

+
+ +

+ + +

- Nu ?3 cho HS thc hin
(Ch HS tm mu thc
chung nhp)
- Cho cc nhm trnh by
- Cho HS nhn xt, sa sai
- Nu ?4 cho HS thc hin
- GV yu cu HS nhn xt bi
ton v trnh by hng gii
- Cho HS t gii, sau mt
em trnh by ln bng
- Cho HS khc nhn xt
- GV hon chnh bi lm
- HS thc hin ?3 theo
nhm :
x x
x
x
x
+
+
2 2
1
1
3
=
+ +
+ +
+
2 2
x 3x x 2x 1 x 1
x(x 1)(x 1) x(x 1)(x 1)
1
x(x 1)
- HS nhn xt bi lm
- HS lm vic c nhn :
x
x
x
x
x
x
+
1
9
1
9
1
2
x 2 x 9 x 9
x 1 x 1 x 1
x 2 x 9 x 9 3x 16
x 1 x 1
+
+ +

+ + +

bn
- HS sa bi vo tp
Bi 28 SGK trang 49
a)
2 2 2
x 2 x 2 x 2
1 5x (1 5x) 5x 1
+ + +

Bi 28 SGK trang 49
- Yu cu HS c bi
- Cho HS ln bng lm bi
- C lp cng lm bi
- HS c bi
- Hai HS ln bng lm bi
a)
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
72
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
b)
4x 1 4x 1 4x 1
5 x (5 x) x 5
+ + +

- Cho HS khc nhn xt
- GV hon chnh bi lm
2 2 2
x 2 x 2 x 2
1 5x (1 5x) 5x 1
+ + +

b)
4x 1 4x 1 4x 1
5 x (5 x) x 5
+ + +

- Cho HS khc nhn xt
- HS sa bi vo tp
Hot ng 6 : Dn d (5)
BTVN.
Bi 29 SGK trang 50
Bi 30 SGK trang 50
Bi 31 SGK trang 50
- Hc bi : nm vng phn
thc i, qui tc php tr
Bi 29 SGK trang 50
Bi 30 SGK trang 50
Bi 31 SGK trang 50
vo v
IV. RT KINH NGHIM.
Ngy son : 05/12/2011

TIT 30: LUYN TP
I- MC TIU:
- Kin thc: HS nm c php tr cc phn thc (cng mu, khng cng mu).
+ Bit thc hin php tr theo qui tc
A C A C
B D B D
_
+

,

- K nng: HS bit cch trnh by li gii ca php tnh tr cc phn thc
+ Vn dng thnh tho vic chuyn tip php tr 2 phn thc thnh php cng 2 phn
thc theo qui tc hc.
- Bit vn dng tnh cht i du cc phn thc mt cch linh hot thc hin php tr
cc phn thc hp l n gin hn
II. CHUN B :
- GV: Bi son, bng ph - HS: + bng nhm, php tr cc phn s, qui ng phn
thc.
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
73
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
Ghi bng Hot ng ca gio vin Hot ng ca hc
sinh
Bi tp 33 trang 50 SGK.
( ) ( )
2
3 3
2
3 3
2 2
3 3
3 3
4 5 6 5
)
10 10
4 5 6 5
10 10
4 5 6 5 4 6
10 10
2 2 3 2 3
10 5
xy y
a
x y x y
xy y
x y x y
xy y xy y
x y x y
y x y x y
x y x

+
+
+

( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2
2
7 6 3 6
)
2 7 2 14
7 6 3 6
2 7 2 14
7 6 3 6
2 7 2 7
7 6 3 6 4
2 7 2 7
2
7
x x
b
x x x x
x x
x x x x
x x
x x x x
x x x
x x x x
x
+ +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+ +
+

+ +
+
Bi tp 34 trang 50 SGK.
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
4 13 48
)
5 7 5 7
48
4 13
5 7 5 7
x x
a
x x x x
x
x
x x x x
+

+

( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
4 13 48
5 7 5 7
4 13 48
5 7
5 7 5 35 1
5 7 5 7
x x
x x x x
x x
x x
x x
x x x x x
+
+

+ +

-c yu cu bi ton
-Mun tr phn thc
A
B

cho phn thc
C
D
, ta
cng
A
B
vi phn thc
i ca
C
D
:
A C A C
B D B D
_
+

,
.
-Phn thc i ca
2
3 6
2 4
x
x x
+
+
l phn thc
2
3 6
2 4
x
x x

+
-Vi mu ca phn thc
ta cn phi phn tch
thnh nhn t.
-Thc hin trn bng
-c yu cu bi ton
-Dng quy tc i du
ri thc hin cc php
tnh
-Nu i du c t v
mu ca mt phn thc
th c mt phn thc
bng phn thc cho:
A A
B B
.
-Cu a) cn phi i du
phn thc
Hot ng 1: Bi tp 33
trang 50 SGK. (10 pht)
-Treo bng ph ni dung
-Hy nhc li quy tc tr
cc phn thc i s.
-Phn thc i ca
2
3 6
2 4
x
x x
+
+
l phn thc
no?
-Vi mu ca phn thc
ta cn lm g?
-Hy hon thnh li gii
bi ton.
Hot ng 2: Bi tp 34
trang 50 SGK. (12 pht)
-Treo bng ph ni dung
- bi yu cu g?
-Hy nu li quy tc i
du.
-Cu a) cn phi i du
phn thc no?
-Cu b) cn phi i du
phn thc no?
-Tip tc p dng quy
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
74
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
2 2
2 2
2
2
2
1 25 15
)
5 25 1
25 15 1
5 1 25
1 25 15
1 5 1 5 1 5
1 5 25 15
1 5 1 5
1 5
1 10 25
1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5
1 5
1 5
x
b
x x x
x
x x x
x
x x x x
x x x
x x x
x
x x
x x x x x x
x
x x
+
+
+ +
+

+ +
+
( )
( )
( )
48 48
5 7 5 7
x x
x x x x

-Cu b) cn phi i du
phn thc
( )
2 2
25 15 25 15
25 1 1 25
x x
x x

-Tip tc p dng quy
tc tr hai phn thc
thc hin: Mun tr
phn thc
A
B
cho phn
thc
C
D
, ta cng
A
B
vi
phn thc i ca
C
D
:
A C A C
B D B D
_
+

,
.
-Thc hin trn bng
tc no thc hin.
-Hy hon thnh li gii
bi ton.
Kim tra 15 pht
bi
Thc hin cc php tnh sau :
( )
2
2 1 1 1
)
3 3 9
x x x x
a
x x x
+

+
b)
3 3
3 3
x x
x x
+
+
p n v biu chm
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
75
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
2
2
2
2 2 2
2 1 1 1
)
3 3 9
2 1 1 1
(1 )
3 3 9
2 1 1 1
(1 )
3 3 9
2 1 1 1
(1 )
3 3 3 3
1 3 1 3 2 1
(1 )
3 3
4 3 4 3 2 2
(1 )
3 3
2 3 2 6 2
3 3 3 3
x x x x
a
x x x
x x x x
d
x x x
x x x x
d
x x x
x x x x
d
x x x x
x x x x x x
d
x x
x x x x x x
d
x x
x x
x x x x
+

+
+

+
+
+ +
+
+
+ +
+ +
+ + +
+
+ + + + +
+
+ +

+ + ( )
(1 )
3
d
x
2 2
2 2
2
3 3
b)
3 3
( 3) ( 3)
(1 )
( 3)( 3) ( 3)( 3)
( 3) ( 3)
(1 )
( 3)( 3)
6
(1 )
( 3)( 3)
6
(1 )
9
x x
x x
x x
d
x x x x
x x
d
x x
x
d
x x
x
d
x
+
+
+

+ +
+
IV. RT KINH NGHIM.

Ngy son : 07/12/2011

TIT 31 PHP NHN CC PHN THC I S
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
76
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
I- MC TIU :
- Kin thc: HS nm c qui tc nhn 2 phn thc, cc tnh cht giao hon, kt hp,
phn phi ca php nhn i v php cng thc hin cc php tnh cng cc phn thc.
- K nng: HS bit cch trnh by li gii ca php nhn phn thc
+ Vn dng thnh tho , cc tnh cht giao hon, kt hp, phn phi ca php nhn i v
php cng thc hin cc php tnh.
- Bit vn dng tnh cht cc phn thc mt cch linh hot thc hin php tnh.
II. CHUN B:
GV: Bi son. HS: bng nhm, c trc bi.
Phng php : Dy hc tch cc
Noi dung Hoat ong cua
giao vien
Hoat ong cua
hoc sinh
Hoat ong 2: Tm hieu quy tac thc hien. (9 phut)
KT: Nam vng quy tac nhan hai phan thc
KN : Vn dng lm bi tp
?1
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
2 2
2 2
3 3
2
3
3 . 25
3 25
.
5 6 5 .6
3 . 5 . 5
6 . 5
5
2
x x
x x
x x x x
x x x
x x
x
x
+ +
+

+
Quy tac: Muon

nhan hai phan
thc, ta nhan cac
t thc vi nhau,
cac mau thc vi
nhau :
.
.
.
A C AC
B D B D
.
V du : (SGK)
?2
-Hay neu lai quy
tac nhan hai
phan so di
dang cong thc ?
-Treo bang phu
noi dung ?1
-Tng t nh
phep nhan hai
phan so do o
2 2
3
3 25
. ?
5 6
x x
x x
+
-Neu phan tch th
x
2
25 = ?
-Tiep tuc rut
gon phan thc
va tm c th ta
c phan thc
la tch cua hai
phan thc ban
au.
-Qua bai toan
tren e nhan
mot phan thc
-Quy tac nhan
hai phan so
.
.
.
a c a c
b d b d
-oc yeu cau

bai toan ?1
( )
( )
2 2
2 2
3 3
3 . 25
3 25
.
5 6 5 .6
x x
x x
x x x x
+ +
x
2
25 = (x+5)(x-
5)
-Lang nghe va
thc hien hoan
thanh li giai
bai toan.
-Muon nhan hai
phan thc, ta
nhan cac t
thc vi nhau,
cac mau thc
vi nhau.
-Lang nghe va
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
77
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
( )
2
2
5
13 3
.
2 13
x x
x x
_

,
( )
( )
( )
2
2
5 3
13 .3 3 13
2 . 13 2
x x x
x x x

?3
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
3
2
3
2 3
3
2
2
3
2
1 6 9
.
1
2 3
3 . 1
2 1 3
3 . 3 1
2 1 3
1
2 3
x x x
x
x
x x
x x
x x x x
x x
x x
x
+ +
+
+

+
+ + +

+
+ +

+
Chu y : Phep
nhan cac phan
thc co cac tnh
chat sau :
a) Giao hoan :
. .
A C C A
B D D B
b) Ket hp :
. . . .
A C E A C E
B D F B D F
_ _

, ,
c) Phan phoi oi
vi phep cong :
. . .
A C E A C A E
B D F B D B F
_
+ +

,
?4
5 3 4 2
4 2 5 3
5 3 4 2
4 2 5 3
3 5 1 7 2
. .
7 2 2 3 3 5 1
3 5 1 7 2
. .
7 2 3 5 1 2 3
1.
2 3 2 3
x x x x x
x x x x x
x x x x x
x x x x x
x x
x x
+ + +
+ + + +
_ + + +

+ + + +
,

+ +
Bai tap 38a,b
trang 52 SGK.
vi mot phan
thc ta lam nh
the nao?
-Treo bang phu
noi dung quy tac
va chot lai.
-Treo bang phu
phan tch v du
SGK.
Hoat ong 3:
Van dung quy
tac vao giai
toan. (11 phut)
-Treo bang phu
noi dung ?2
-Tch cua hai so
cung dau th ket
qua la dau g ?
-Tch cua hai so
khac dau th ket
qua la dau g ?
-Hay hoan thanh
li giai bai toan
theo gi y.
-Treo bang phu
noi dung ?3
-Trc tien ta ap
dung quy tac oi
dau va ap dung
phng phap
phan tch a thc
thanh nhan t
e rut gon tch
cua hai phan
thc va tm
c.
-Vay ta can ap
dung phng phap
nao e phan
tch ?
-Neu ap dung
quy tac oi dau
ghi bai.
-Lang nghe va
quan sat.
-oc yeu cau
bai toan ?2
-Tch cua hai so
cung dau th
ket qua la dau
+
-Tch cua hai so
khac dau th
ket qua la dau
-
-Thc hien tren
bang.
-oc yeu cau
bai toan ?3
-Ta can ap dung
phng phap
dung hang
ang thc e
phan tch
Neu ap dung
quy tac oi dau
th 1 - x = - ( x -
1 )
-Thc hien tren
bang.
-Phep nhan cac
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
78
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
2 2
3 2 3 2
15 2 15 .2 30
) .
7 7 . 7
x y x y
a
y x y x xy

2 2
4 2
4 3 3
) .
11 8 22
y x y
b
x y x
_

,
th 1 - x = - ( ? )
-Hay hoan thanh
li giai bai toan
theo gi y.
Hoat ong 4
Tm hieu cac
tnh chat. (5
phut)
-Phep nhan cac
phan thc co
nhng tnh chat
g ?
. ?
. . ?
. ?
A C
B D
A C E
B D F
A C E
B D F

,
_
+

,
-Treo bang phu
noi dung ?4
-e tnh nhanh
c phep nhan
cac phan thc
nay ta ap dung
cac tnh chat
nao e thc
hien ?
-Ta a tha so
th nhat vi
th ba vao mot
nhom roi van
dung quy tac.
-Hay thao luan
nhom e giai.
Hoat ong
5:Luyen tap
tai lp. (5 phut)
-Treo bang phu
bai tap 38a,b
trang 52 SGK.
phan thc co
cac tnh chat :
giao hoan, ket
hp, phan phoi
oi vi phep
cong.
. .
. . . .
. . .
A C C A
B D D B
A C E A C E
B D F B D F
A C E A C A E
B D F B D B F
_ _

, ,
_
+ +

,
-oc yeu cau
bai toan ?4
-e tnh nhanh
c phep nhan
cac phan thc
nay ta ap dung
cac tnh chat
giao hoan va
ket hp.
-Lang nghe
-Thao luan
nhom va thc
hien.
-oc yeu cau
bai toan.
-Thc hien tren
bang theo quy
tac a hoc.
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
79
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
-Goi hai hoc sinh
thc hien.
Hot ng: Cng c Hng dn HS hc nh(4)
Phat bieu quy tac nhan cac phan thc.
-Quy tac nhan cac phan thc. Van dung giai bai tap
39, 40 trang 52, 53 SGK.
-Xem trc bai 8: Phep chia cac phan thc ai so
(oc k quy tac trong bai).
IV. RT KINH NGHIM.
Ngy son : 08/12/2011

TIT 32: PHP CHIA CC PHN THC I S
I- MC TIU :
- Kin thc: HS nm c qui tc chia 2 phn thc, HS nm vng khi nim phn thc
nghch o. Nm vng th t thc hin php tnh chia lin tip
- K nng: HS bit cch trnh by li gii ca php chia phn thc
Vn dng thnh tho cng thc :
: . ;
A C A C
B D B D
vi
C
D
khc 0, thc hin cc php tnh.
Bit vn dng tnh cht cc phn thc mt cch linh hot thc hin dy php tnh.nhn
v chia theo th t t tri qua phi
II. CHUN B:
- GV: Bi son, bng ph
- HS: bng nhm, c trc bi.
Ghi bng Hoat ong cua giao
vien
Hoat ong cua
hoc sinh
Hoat ong 1: Kiem tra bai cu: (7 phut)
Thc hien cac phep tnh sau:
HS1:
5 10 4 2
.
4 8 2
x x
x x
+
+
HS2:
2
36 3
.
2 10 6
x
x x
+
Hoat ong 2: Hai phan thc nghch ao co tnh
chat g? (13 phut).
Kien thc: Hoc sinh biet c nghch ao cua phan
thc
A
B
(
0
A
B

) la phan thc
B
A
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
80
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
K nang: Co k nang van dung giai cac bai toan cu
the.
1/ Phan thc
nghch ao.
?1
3
3
5 7
. 1
7 5
x x
x x
+
+
Hai phan thc
c goi la nghch
ao cua nhau neu
tch cua chung
bang 1.
V du: (SGK)
?2
Phan thc nghch
ao cua
2
3
2
y
x
la
2
2
3
x
y
; cua
2
6
2 1
x x
x
+
+
la
2
2 1
6
x
x x
+
+
; cua 3 2 x + la
1
3 2 x +
-Treo bang phu noi
dung ?1
-Muon nhan hai
phan thc ta lam
nh the nao?
-Tch cua hai phan
thc bang 1 th
phan thc nay la
g cua phan thc
kia?
-Vay hai phan
thc goi la nghch
ao cua nhau khi
nao?
-Tong quat: Neu
A
B
la phan thc
khac 0 th
. ?
A B
B A

A
B
goi la g cua
phan thc
B
A
?
B
A
goi la g cua
phan thc
A
B
?
-Treo bang phu noi
dung ?2
-Hai phan thc
nghch ao vi
nhau neu t cua
phan thc nay la
-oc yeu cau
bai toan ?1
-Muon nhan hai
phan thc, ta
nhan cac t
thc vi nhau,
cac mau thc
vi nhau.
-Tch cua hai
phan thc bang
1 th phan thc
nay la phan
thc nghch ao
cua phan thc
kia.
-Hai phan thc
c goi la
nghch ao cua
nhau neu tch
cua chung
bang 1.
-Neu
A
B
la phan
thc khac 0 th
. 1
A B
B A

A
B
goi la phan
thc nghch ao
cua phan thc
B
A
B
A
goi la phan
thc nghch ao
cua phan thc
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
81
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
Quy tac: Muon chia
phan thc
A
B
cho
phan thc
C
D
khac
0, ta nhan
A
B
vi
phan thc nghch
ao cua
C
D
:
: .
A C A D
B D B C
, vi
0
C
D

.
?3
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
2
2
2
2
1 4 2 4
:
4 3
1 4 3
.
4 2 4
1 2 1 2 .3
4 .2 1 2
3 1 2
2 4
x x
x x x
x x
x x x
x x x
x x x
x
x

+
+
+
+
+
+
?4
2
2
2
2
2
2
4 6 2
: :
5 5 3
4 5 3
. .
5 6 2
4 .5 .3
1
5 .6 .2
x x x
y y y
x y y
y x x
x y y
y x x

Bai tap 42 trang
54 SGK.
3
2
2 3 2
20 4
) :
3 5
20 5 25
.
3 4 3
x x
a
y y
x y
y x x
_ _

, ,

( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
2
2
3 3
4 12
) :
4
4
4 3 4 4
.
3 3 3 4
4
x
x
b
x
x
x x
x x
x
+
+
+
+
+ +

+ +
+
g cua phan thc
kia?
-Hay hoan thanh
li giai bai toan
theo gi y.
-Sa hoan chnh
li giai.
Hoat ong 3: Tm
hieu quy tac. (16
phut).
-Muon chia phan
thc
A
B
cho phan
thc
C
D
khac 0, ta
lam nh the nao?
-Treo bang phu noi
dung ?3
-Phan thc nghch
ao cua phan
thc
2 4
3
x
x
la phan
thc nao?
-Hay hoan thanh
li giai bai toan
va rut gon phan
thc va tm c
(neu co the).
-Sa hoan chnh
li giai.
-Treo bang phu noi
dung ?4
: : ?
A C E
B D F

-Hay van dung tnh
A
B
-oc yeu cau
bai toan ?2
-Hai phan thc
nghch ao vi
nhau neu t
cua phan thc
nay la mau
cua phan thc
kia.
-Thc hien.
-Lang nghe va
ghi bai.
-Muon chia phan
thc
A
B
cho phan
thc
C
D
khac 0,
ta nhan
A
B
vi
phan thc
nghch ao cua
C
D
.
-oc yeu cau
bai toan ?3
-Phan thc
nghch ao cua
phan thc
2 4
3
x
x

la phan thc
3
2 4
x
x
.
-Thc hien tren
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
82
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
chat nay vao
giai.
-Hay thu gon phan
thc va tm c.
(neu co the)
-Sa hoan chnh
li giai.
Hoat ong 4:
Luyen tap tai
lp. (5 phut)
-Treo bang phu bai
tap 42 trang 54
SGK.
-Hay van dung quy
tac e thc hien.
bang.
-Lang nghe va
ghi bai.
-oc yeu cau
bai toan ?4
: : . .
A C E A D F
B D F B C E
-Van dung va
thc hien.
-Thc hien theo
yeu cau.
-Lang nghe va
ghi bai.
-Van dung va
thc hien.
Hot ng 5: Cng c (2 phut)
Phat bieu quy tac chia cac phan thc.
Hot ng 6: Hng dn HS hc nh (2 phut)
-Quy tac chia cac phan thc. Van dung giai bai tap 43,
44 trang 54 SGK.
-Xem trc bai 9: Bien oi cac bieu thc hu t. Gia
tr cua phan thc (oc k muc 3 trong bai).
IV. RT KINH NGHIM.
Ngy son : 10/12/2011

TIT 33: BIN I CC BIU THC HU T.
GI TR CA PHN THC
I- MC TIU :
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
83
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
- Kin thc: HS nm c khi nim v biu thc hu t, bit rng mi phn thc v mi
a thc u l cc biu thc hu t.
- Nm vng cch biu din mt biu thc hu t di dng mt dy cc php ton trn
nhng phn thc v hiu rng bin i mt biu thc hu t l thc hin cc php ton
trong biu thc bin n thnh mt phn thc i s.
- K nng: Thc hin thnh tho cc php ton trn cc phn thc i s.
- Bit cch tm iu kin ca bin gi tr ca phn thc c xc nh.
II. CHUN B:
- GV: Bi son, bng ph
- HS: bng nhm, c trc bi.
- Phng php : dy hc tch cc
Ghi bang Hoat ong cua
giao vien
Hoat ong cua
hoc sinh
Thc hien cac phep tnh sau:
HS1:
5 2
.
2 2
x x
x x
+
+
HS2:
2
36 3
:
5 6
x
x x
+
Hoat ong 2: Bieu thc hu t co dang nh the
nao? (6 phut)
Kien thc: Hoc sinh co khai niem ve bieu thc hu t
1/ Bieu thc
hu t.
(SGK)
2/ Bien oi mot
bieu thc hu
t thanh mot
phan thc.
V du 1: (SGK).
- lp di
cac em a biet
ve bieu thc
hu t.
0;
2
2
1
; 7; 2 5
3 1 3
x
x x
x
+
+

la nhng bieu
thc g?
-Vay bieu thc
hu t c
thc hien tren
nhng phep
toan nao?
Hoat ong 3:
Bien oi mot
bieu thc hu
t thanh mot
0;
2
2
1
; 7; 2 5
3 1 3
x
x x
x
+
+

la nhng bieu
thc hu t.
-Bieu thc hu
t c thc hien
tren nhng phep
toan: cong, tr,
nhan, chia.
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
84
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
?1
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
1
1
2 2
1 : 1
1 1
1 2 1
:
1 1
x
B
x
x
x
x x
x x x
x x
+
+
+
_ _
+ +

+
, ,
+ + +
+
( )
2 2
2 2
1 1 1
.
1 1
1
x x x
B
x x
x
+ + +

+
3/ Gia tr cua
phan thc.
Khi giai nhng
bai toan lien
quan en gia tr
cua phan thc th
trc het phai
tm ieu kien cua
bien e gia tr
tng ng cua
mau thc khac 0.
o la ieu kien
e gia tr cua
phan thc c
xac nh.
V du 2: (SGK).
?2
( )
2
) 0
1 0
0
1 0 1
a x x
x x
x
x x
+
+
+
Vay 0 x va 1 x
th phan thc
c xac nh.
phan thc. (10
phut).
-Nh cac quy
tac cua cac
phep toan
cong, tr, nhan,
chia cac phan
thc ta co the
bien oi mot
bieu thc hu
t thanh mot
phan thc.
-Khi noi phan
thc A chia cho
phan thc B th
ta co may cach
viet? o la
nhng cach viet
nao?
-Treo bang phu v
du 1 SGK va
phan tch lai cho
hoc sinh thay.
-Treo bang phu
noi dung ?1
-Bieu thc B co
the viet lai nh
the nao?
-Moi dau ngoac
la phep cong
cua hai phan
thc co mau
nh the nao?
-e cong c
hai phan thc
khong cung
mau th ta lam
nh the nao?
-Hay giai hoan
thanh bai toan
theo hng dan.
-Khi noi phan
thc A chia cho
phan thc B th ta
co hai cach viet
A
B
hoac A : B hay
:
A
A B
B

-Lang nghe va
quan sat v du
tren bang phu.
-oc yeu cau bai
toan ?1
2
2 2
1 : 1
1 1
x
B
x x
_ _
+ +

+
, ,
-Moi dau ngoac
la phep cong
cua hai phan
thc co mau
khac nhau.
-e cong c hai
phan thc khong
cung mau th ta
phai quy ong.
-Thc hien tren
bang.
-oc thong tin SGK
trang 56.
-Lang nghe va
quan sat.
-Lang nghe va
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
85
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
( )
2
1 1 1
)
1
x x
b
x x x x x
+ +

+ +
-Vi x = 1 000 000
thoa man ieu
kien cua bien
nen gia tr cua
bieu thc la
1
1000000
-Vi x = -1 khong
thoa man ieu
kien cua bien.
Bai tap 46a
trang 57 SGK.
1
1
1 1
) 1 : 1
1
1
1 1 1
: .
1
1
1
x
a
x x
x
x x x x
x x x x
x
x
+
_ _
+

, ,
+ +

Hoat ong 4:
Gia tr cua
phan thc tnh
nh the nao?
(13 phut)
-Hay oc thong
tin SGK.
-Chot lai: Muon
tm gia tr cua
bieu thc hu
t ta can phai
tm ieu kien
cua bien e
gia tr cua mau
thc khac 0.
Tc la ta phai
cho mau thc
khac 0 roi giai
ra tm x.
-Treo bang phu v
du 2 SGK va
phan tch lai cho
hoc sinh thay.
-Treo bang phu
noi dung ?2
-e tm ieu
kien cua x th
can phai cho
bieu thc nao
khac 0?
-Hay phan tch x
2
+ x thanh nhan
t?
-Vay x(x + 1)
0
-Do o x nh the
nao vi 0 va
x+1 nh the nao
vi 0?
-Vi x = 1 000
000 co thoa
man ieu kien
cua bien
quan sat v du
tren bang phu.
-oc yeu cau bai
toan ?2
-e tm ieu kien
cua x th can
phai cho bieu
thc x
2
+ x khac 0
x
2
+ x = x(x + 1)
-Do o x
0 va x
+ 1
0
-Vi x = 1 000 000
thoa man ieu
kien cua bien.
-Con x = -1 khong
thoa man ieu
kien cua bien.
-Thc hien theo
hng dan.
-oc yeu cau bai
toan.
-Van dung va
thc hien.
-Lang nghe va ghi
bai.
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
86
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
khong?
-Con x = -1 co
thoa man ieu
kien cua bien
khong?
-Ta rut gon
phan thc sau
o thay gia tr
vao tnh.
Hoat ong 5:
Luyen tap tai
lp. (5 phut).
-Treo bang phu
bai tap 46a
trang 57 SGK.
-Hay van dung
bai tap ?1 vao
giai bai tap
nay.
-Sa hoan chnh
li giai.
Hot ng 6: Cng c Hng dn HS hc nh (4
phut)
-Xem lai cac v du va cac bai tap a giai (noi dung,
phng phap).
-Van dung vao giai tiep bai tap 50, 51, 53 trang 58 SGK.
-Tiet sau luyen tap. (mang theo may tnh bo tui).
IV. RT KINH NGHIM.
Ngy son : 12/12/2011

TIT 34 LUYN TP
I- MC TIU :
- Kin thc: HS nm chc phng php bin i cc biu thc hu t thnh 1 dy php
tnh thc hin trn cc phn thc.
- K nng: Thc hin thnh tho cc php tnh theo quy tc hc
+ C k nng tm iu kin ca bin gi tr phn thc xc nh v bit tm gi tr ca
phn thc theo iu kin ca bin.
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
87
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
II. CHUN B:
- GV: Bng ph
- HS: Bi tp.
- Phng php : dy hc tch cc
Ghi bang Hoat ong cua
giao vien
Hoat ong cua
hoc sinh
HS1: Bien oi bieu thc sau thanh mot phan thc:
1
1
1
1
x
x
+
HS2: Cho phan thc
2
1
1
x
x

. Tm ieu kien cua x e phan

thc c xac nh roi rut gon phan thc.
Hoat ong 2: Bai tap 50 trang 58 SGK. (12 phut)
Kien thc: Hoc sinh c cung co lai kien thc ve
bien oi mot bieu thc hu t thanh mot phan
thc.
K nang: Co k nang thc hien thanh thao cac phep
toan tren cac phan thc ai so.
Bai tap 50 trang
58 SGK.
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2
2
2 2
2
2
2
3
) 1 : 1
1 1
1 1 3
:
1 1
2 1 1 4
:
1 1
1 1 2 1
.
1 1 2 1 2
1 1
1 2 2 1
x x
a
x x
x x x x
x x
x x
x x
x x x
x x x
x x
x x
_
_
+

+
,
,
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+ +

( )
2
1 1
) 1 1
1 1
b x
x x
_

+
,
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2
1 1 1 1
1
1 1
x x x x
x
x x
_ + + +

+
,
-Treo bang phu
noi dung bai
toan
-Cau a) trc
tien ta phai lam
g?
-e cong, tr hai
phan thc
khong cung
mau ta phai lam
g?
-Mau thc chung
cua
1
x
x +
va 1 la
bao nhieu?
-Mau thc chung
-oc yeu cau
bai toan.
-Trc tien phai
thc hien phep
tnh trong dau
ngoac.
-e cong, tr
hai phan thc
khong cung
mau ta phai quy
ong
-Mau thc chung
cua
1
x
x +
va 1 la
x + 1
-Mau thc chung
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
88
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
( )
2 2
2 1 3 x x
Bai tap 51 trang
58 SGK.
2
2 2
1 1
) :
x y x
a
y x y y x
_ _
+ +

, ,
( ) ( )
3 3 2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
:
x y x xy y
xy xy
x y x xy y
x xy y
x y
+ +
+ +
+
+
( ) ( )
2 2
1 1
) :
4 4 4 4
1 1
:
2 2
4
2 2
b
x x x x
x x
x x
_

+ + +
,
_
+

+
,

+

Bai tap 53 trang
58 SGK.
1 1
1
x
x x
+
+
1 1
1 1
1 1
1
1 1 2 1
1
1 1
x
x x
x x x x
x x x
+ +
+
+
+ + + +
+
+ +
1 1
1 1
1 2 1
1
1
1
1
1 3 2
1
2 1 2 1
x
x
x
x x
x x
+ +
+
+
+
+
+ +
+
+ +
cua 1 va
2
2
3
1
x
x
la
bao nhieu?
-Muon chia hai
phan thc th ta
lam nh the
nao?
-Cau b) lam
tng t cau a)
Hoat ong 3:
Bai tap 51
trang 58 SGK. (11
phut)
-Treo bang phu
noi dung bai
toan
-Cau a) mau
thc chung cua
2
2
x
y
va
y
x
la bao
nhieu?
-Mau thc chung
cua
2
x
y
;
1
y
va
1
x

la bao nhieu?
-Cau b) giai tng
t nh cau a)
-Sau o ap dung
phng phap
phan tch a thc
thanh nhan t
hp l e rut gon
phan tch va tm
c.
-Hay hoan thanh
cua 1 va
2
2
3
1
x
x
la
1 x
2
Muon chia phan
thc
A
B
cho phan
thc
C
D
khac 0,
ta nhan
A
B
vi
phan thc
nghch ao cua
C
D
-Thc hien hoan
thanh li giai
-oc yeu cau
bai toan.
-Mau thc chung
cua
2
2
x
y
va
y
x
la
xy
2
.
-Mau thc chung
cua
2
x
y
;
1
y
va
1
x

la xy
2
.
-Thc hien theo
gi y.
-oc yeu cau
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
89
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
li giai bai
toan.
Hoat ong 4:
Bai tap 53
trang 58 SGK. (11
phut)
-Treo bang phu
noi dung bai
toan
-e bai yeu
cau g?
1
1 ?
x
+
1
1 ?
1
1
x
+
+
1
1 x
x
+
hay con viet
theo cach nao
na?
1
1: ?
x
x
+
-Hay thao luan

nhom e giai
bai toan.
bai toan.
-Bien oi moi
bieu thc thanh
mot phan thc
ai so.
1 1
1
x
x x
+
+
1 1
1 1
1 1
1
x
x x
+ +
+
+
1
1:
x
x
+
1
1:
1
x x
x x
+
+
-Thao luan va
trnh bay li giai
tren bang.
Hot ng 5: Cng c Hng dn HS hc nh(4)
Khi rut gon mot phan thc th ta phai lam g?
-Xem lai cac bai tap va giai (noi dung, phng phap)
-On tap cac kien thc a hoc chuan b thi hoc k I
IV. RT KINH NGHIM.
Ngy son : 13/12/2011
Tit 35 N TP CHNG II
I- MC TIU :
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
90
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
- Kin thc: H thng ho kin thc cho HS nm vng cc khi nim: Phn thc i
s, hai phn thc bng nhau, hai phn thc i nhau, phn thc nghch o, biu thc hu
t.
- K nng: Vn dng cc qui tc ca 4 php tnh: Cng, tr, nhn, chia phn thc gii
cc bi ton mt cch hp l, ng quy tc php tnh ngn gn, d hiu.
- Thi : GD cho HS thc c ng , tch cc, t gic, trung thc trong hc tp.
II. CHUN B:
- GV: n tp chng II (Bng ph).
- HS: n tp + Bi tp ( Bng nhm).
Hot ng 1 : Hng dn l thuyt (10)
- GV hng dn HS t
n l thuyt .
- Nghe hng dn, ghi ch
(nh du nhng ni dung
quan trng).
Bi tp 1 :
Rt gn:
a)
2 2
5
) 3 2 ( 21
) 3 2 ( 14
y x y x
y x xy

b)
xy y
x x
+
5
10 25
2

Bi tp 2 :
Thc hin php tnh:
d)
x x x
x
6
6
36 6
12
2

e)
x x
x
x
x
+
2 2
1
1
3
Bi tp 1 :
- Ghi bng bi tp 1
- Gi 2 HS ln bng
- Theo di; kim tra bi
ca mt vi HS
- Cho HS nhn xt bi
lm bng
- GV cht li cch lm.
Bi tp 2 :
- Ghi bng bi tp 2. Cho
HS nhn dng, nu cch
tnh ri thc hin gii.
ca mt vi HS
- Cho HS trnh by ln
bng
- GV cht li cch lm:
+ Qui ng mu thc.
+ Cng (tr) t thc, gi
nguyn mu thc.
+ Rt gn (nu c th)
- Cho HS nhn xt bi
lm bng
- Hai HS cng ln bng thc
hin (mi em gii 1 bi)
c) =
) 3 2 ( 3
2
4
y x x
y
+
d) =
y
x
x y
x
5
) 5 (
) 5 (
2
- HS khc nhn xt
- HS sa bi vo tp
- HS nhn dng, nu cch
tnh v gii:
x
x
x x
x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x x
x
d
6
) 6 (
) 6 (
) 6 .(
36 12
) 6 .(
6 . 6 ) 12 (
) 6 (
6
) 6 ( 6
12
)...
2 2
) 1 (
1
) 1 )( 1 (
1 2 3
) 1 )( 1 (
) 1 )( 1 (
) 1 )( 1 (
) 3 (
) 1 (
1
) 1 )( 1 (
3
)...
2 2
+
+
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+
x x x x x
x x x x
x x x
x x
x x x
x x
x x
x
x x
x
e
- HS khc nhn xt
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
91
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
Bi tp 3 :
Rt gn :
c)
4
4 4
2
2 3
+
x
x x x

d)
1
4 4
2 2
2
+
x y xy
x

- GV cht li cch lm.
Bi tp 3 :
HS nhn dng, nu cch
tnh ri thc hnh gii.
ca mt vi HS
- Cho HS trnh by ln
bng
- Cho HS nhn xt bi
lm bng
- GV cht li cch lm:
+ Phn tch t, mu thnh
nht
+ Rt gn nhn t chung.
- HS sa bi vo tp
- Thc hin theo yu cu ca
GV: nu cch gii. HS suy
ngh c nhn sau chia lp
thnh 2 nhm (mi nhm gii
mt bi)
c) =
) 2 )( 2 (
) 2 (
) 2 )( 2 (
) 4 4 (
2 2
+
+
+
x x
x x
x x
x x x

2
) 2 (
+
x
x x

1
) 1 ( 4
) 1 )( 1 (
) 1 )( 1 ( 4
)...
2 2
+
+
y
x
y x
x x
d
- HS khc nhn xt
- HS sa bi vo tp
Hot ng 2 : Dn d (1)
- Hc thuc l thuyt .
Lm li cc bi tp
gii, lm cc bi tp cn
li c trong cng
- Chun b tht tt thi
HKI t kt qu cao
v bi tp
IV. RT KINH NGHIM.
Ngy son : 14/12/2011
TIT 36 KIM TRA VIT
I. MC TIU:
- Kin thc: Kim tra kin thc c bn ca chng II nh: Phn thc i s, tnh cht c
bn , rt gn, Quy ng mu thc, cng phn thc i s
- K nng: Vn dng KT hc tnh ton v trnh by li gii.
II. MA TRN THIT K KIM TRA:
Cp Nhn
bit
Thng hiu Vn dung Cng
Cp Thp Cp Cao
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
92
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
Ch
Php cng, tr,
nhn, chia cc
phn thc.
Thc
hin
c
php
cng 2
phn
thc i
s cng
mu.
Thc hin
c php
nhn, chia
2 phn thc
i s
Phi hp thc
hin c
dy php
cng, tr cc
phn thc i
s.
S cu hi
S im
T l %
1
2,0
20%
1
2,0
20%
1
2,0
20%
3
6,0
60%
Tm KX
ca phn thc,
tnh gi tr ca
phn thc
Tm c
KX ca
mt phn
thc ai s
Vn dng cc
bc tm gi
tr ca mt
phn thc ti
cc gi tr c
th ca bin
S cu hi
S im
T l %
1
1,0
10%
2
2,0
20%
3
3,0
30%
Bin i biu
thc hu t
Vn dng
cc php
ton ca
phn thc
bin i
biu thc
hu t
S cu hi
S im
T l %
1
1,0
10%
1
1,0
10%
Tng s cu
Tng s im
T l %
1
1,0
10%
2
3,0
30%
3
4
40%
1
1
10%
7
10,0
100%
III. KIM TRA:
Cu 1 : (6 im) Thc hin php tnh :
a)
7 6 3 6
2 ( 7) 2 ( 7)
x x
x x x x
+ +
+ +
b)
2
2
5x 15 x 9
i) :
4x 4 x 2x 1

+ + +

Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
93
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
c)
x x
x x
x
x
x
x
x
x
+ +
+
+
+
+
2
2
7 4 3 3
).
1
2
1
2
(
Cu 2: (3 im) Cho phn thc P =
2
2
6 9
9
x x
x
+ +
a) Vi gi tr no ca x th gi tr ca phn thc c xc nh?

b) Rt gn phn thc.
c) Tnh gi tr ca phn thc P khi x = 2
Cu 3 : ( 1 im ) Tm gi tr ln nht ca ca biu thc : A =
2
5
2 10 x x +
IV. P N CHM BI:
B
i
Li gii vn tt im
a)
2
7 6 3 6
2 ( 7) 2 14
x x
x x x x
+ +
+ +
=
7 6 3 6
2 ( 7)
x x
x x
+
+
=
4
2 ( 7)
x
x x +
=
7
2
+ x

b)
2
2
5x 15 x 9
i) :
4x 4 x 2x 1

+ + +

=
+ +
+
2
2
5x 15 x 2x 1
i) .
4x 4 x 9
=
+ +
+
2
2
(5x 15)(x 2x 1)
i)
(4x 4)(x 9)
=
+
+ +
2
5(x 3)(x 1)
4(x 1)(x 3)(x 3)
=
) 3 ( 4
) 1 ( 5
+
+
x
x

c)
x x
x x
x
x
x
x
x
x
+ +
+
+
+
+
2
2
7 4 3 3
).
1
2
1
2
(
=
2
( 2)( 1) 2 ( 1) 3( 1) 4 7
.
( 1)( 1) ( 1)
x x x x x x x
x x x x x
+ + + + +
+
+
=
2
3 3 6 4 7
( 1) ( 1)
x x x x
x x x x
+ +
+

=
2
( 1)
( 1)
x
x x
1,0
0,5
0,5
0,5
0,5
0,5
0,5
0,5
0,5
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
94
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
=
x
x 1

0,5
0,5
2
Cho phn thc P =
2
2
6 9
9
x x
x
+ +
a) KX : x
3 ; x
3

b) P =
2
2
6 9
9
x x
x
+ +
=
2
( 3)
( 3)( 3)
x
x x
+
+
=
3
3
x
x
+
c) khi x = 2 th P =
2 3
5
2 3
+

1
0,5
0,5
1
3
2 2
5 5 5
2 10 ( 1) 9 9
5
ax 1
9
A
x x x
M A Khi x

+ +

1
V. NHN XT:
Ngy son : 16/12/2011

Tit 37 THC HNH: TNH GI TR CA BIU THC I S .
TM THNG V D CA PHP CHIA A THC CHO A THC
( vi s h tr ca my tnh cm tay casio , vinacal ... )
I- MC TIU :
- Kin thc: Tnh gi tr ca biu thc i s . tm thng v d ca php chia a thc
cho a thc ( vi s h tr ca my tnh cm tay casio , vinacal ... )
- K nng: s dng my tnh thnh tho Tnh gi tr ca biu thc i s . tm thng
v d ca php chia a thc cho a thc
II. CHUN B:
- GV: n tp chng II (Bng ph).
- HS: n tp + Bi tp ( Bng nhm).
Hot ng ca GV Hot ng ca HS
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
95
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
Bi tp 1 :
Dng my tnh cm tay tnh gi tr ca
biu thc
2
5 3 7
5 3
x x
P
x
+
ti x = 30
GV : hng dn HS s dng my tnh
tnh
Thc hin nh sau
( 5 . 30 x
2
- 3 . 30 + 7 )
: ( 5 . 30 - 3 =
HS : thc hin
HS : c kt qu
HS : nhn Xt
GV : Chnh xc cu tr li ca HS
Bi tp 2
Cho
( )
2 2 2 2 2
:
( )
0, 0,
x xy x y x xy y
P
x x y xy x y
x y x y
1 + +
+
1

]

a) Rt gn P
b) tnh gi tr ca P ti : x = 4 , y = 5
GV : Cho HS lm v gi HS ln bng
lm
HS 1 : Ln lm cu a
HS : Nhn Xt
GV Chnh xc bi lm ca HS
GV : Cho HS dng my tnh tnh gi tr
ca biu thc
HS 2 : Ln lm cu b
HS : Nhn Xt
Bi tp 3
Tm thng v d trong php chia
5x
3
- 3x
2
+ 7 cho a thc x
2
+ 1
GV : Hng dn thc hin php chia a
thc mt bin sp sp
Bi tp 1 :
Dng my tnh cm tay tnh gi tr ca
biu thc
2
5 3 7
5 3
x x
P
x
+
ti x = 30
Gii
Ti x =30 ta c
2
5.30 3.30 7
5.6
5.30 3
P
+

Bi tp 2
Cho
( )
2 2 2 2 2
:
( )
0, 0,
x xy x y x xy y
P
x x y xy x y
x y x y
1 + +
+
1

]

a) Rt gn P
b) tnh gi tr ca P ti :x = 4 , y = 5
Gii
a) Rt gn
2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
:
( )
( )( )
.
( ) ( )
( )( )
.
( )
x xy x y x xy y
P
x x y xy x y
x y xy x y x y x y
xy x y xy x y x xy y
x y x xy y x y
xy x y x xy y
x y
xy
1 + +
+
1

]
1 +
+
1
+
]
+ +
+
+
b) Ti x = 4 v y = 5 ta c :
4 5 9
0.45
4.5 20
P
+

Bi tp 3
Thc hin php chia:
5x
3
- 3x
2
+ 7 cho a thc x
2
+ 1
5x
3
- 3x
2
+ 7 x
2
+ 1
- 5x
3
+ 5x 5x - 3
- 3x
2
- 5x + 7
- -3x
2
- 3
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
96
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
HS 2 : Ln lm cu b
HS : Nhn Xt
- 5x + 10
Vy a thc 5x
3
- 3x
2
+ 7 chia cho a
thc x
2
+ 1 c 5x 3 d - 5x + 10
IV - CNG C:
Lm cc bi tp phn n tp chng I v chng II.
- n li ton b l thuyt ca chng I v chng II. T tr li cc cu hi n tp
V. NHN XT:
Ngy son : 14/12/2011

TIT 38 N TP HC K I
I- MC TIU :
- Kin thc: H thng ho kin thc cho HS nm vng cc khi nim: Phn thc i
s, hai phn thc bng nhau, hai phn thc i nhau, phn thc nghch o, biu thc hu
t.
- K nng: Vn dng cc qui tc ca 4 php tnh: Cng, tr, nhn, chia phn thc gii
cc bi ton mt cch hp l, ng quy tc php tnh ngn gn, d hiu.
- Gio dc tnh cn thn, t duy sng to
II. CHUN B:
- GV: Bng ph.
- HS: Bi tp + Bng nhm.
1. Kim tra: Lng vo n tp
2. Bi mi:
NI DUNG HOT NG
CA GV
HOT NG CA HS
Hot ng 1 : Hng dn l thuyt (5)
- GV hng dn HS t n
l thuyt theo cng
ph bin.
- Nghe hng dn, ghi
ch (nh du nhng ni
dung quan trng).
Bi tp 1 :
Lm tnh nhn:
a) 3x
2
(2x
3
3x 1)
b) (x
2
+2xy 3)(-xy)
Bi tp 1 :
HS nhn dng, nu cch
tnh ri thc hin gii.
- HS ln lt nu dng
bi ton v cch tnh. Gii
vo v
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
97
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
c) (5x 2y)(x
2
xy +1)
d) (x 1)(x +1)(x +2)
Bi tp 2 :
Tnh
a) (-2x)
2

b) (x +2y)
2
c) (3 y)
2

d) (x +y
2
)(x y
2
)
Bi tp 3 :
Phn tch a thc thnh
nhn t:
a) 5x-20y
b) 5x(x 1) 3x(x 1)
c) x(x +y) 3x 3y
d) 4x
2
25
e) x
4
+ 2x
3
+ x
2
Bi tp 4 :
Lm tnh chia:
a) 27x
4
y
2
z : 9x
2
y
2

b) 5a
3
b : (-2a
2
b)
c) (x y)
5
: (y x)
4

d) (5x
4
3x
3
+ x
2
) : 3x
2
- Theo di; kim tra bi ca
mt vi HS
- Cho HS trnh by ln
bng
- GV cht li cch lm :
A(B + C) = AB + AC
(A+B)(C+D)
=AC+AD+BC+BD
- Cho HS khc nhn xt
- GV hon chnh bi lm
Bi tp 2 :
- Ghi bng bi tp 2.
- Cho HS nhn dng, ri ln
bng gii.
mt vi HS
- Cho HS trnh by ln
bng
- Cho HS khc nhn xt
- GV cht li cch lm.
Bi tp 3 :
HS nhc li cc phng
php phn tch a thc
thnh nhn t, ri thc hin
gii.
mt vi HS
- Cho HS nhn xt bng
- GV cht li cch lm.
Bi tp 4 :
HS nhc li php chia n
thc, chia a thc ri thc
hin gii.
mt vi HS
- Cho HS trnh by ln
Gii:
a) = 3x
2
.2x
3
+ 3x
2
(-3x)
+3x
2
(-1)
= 6x
5
9x
3
3x
2

b) = x
2
(-xy)+2xy(-xy)
+(-3)(-xy)
= -x
3
y 2x
2
y
2
+ 3xy
c) = 5x
3
-7x
2
y +5x
+2xy
2
+2y
d) = (x
2
1)(x+2) =
x
3
+2x
2
- x-2
- HS khc nhn xt
- HS sa bi vo tp
- Bn HS thc hin theo
yu cu v lm bng (c
lp lm vo v)
a) = 4x
2

b) = x
2
+ 2.x.2y + (2y)
2
=
x
2
+ 4xy + 4y
2
c) = 3
2
2.3.y +y
2
= 9
6y +y
2

d) = x
2
(y
2
)
2
= x
2
y
4
- HS khc nhn xt
- HS sa bi vo tp
- HS nhc li cc phng
php phn tch a thc
thnh nhn t. Ln lt
gii bng:
a) = 5(x 4y)
b) = (x -1)(5x -3x) =
2x(x 1)
c) = x(x+y)-3(x+y) =
(x+y)(x-3)
d) = (2x)
2
5
2
= (2x +
5)(2x 5)
e) = x
2
(x
2
+2x +1) =
x
2
(x +1)
2
- HS khc nhn xt
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
98
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
bng
- Cho HS nhn xt bng
- GV cht li cch lm.
- HS sa bi vo tp
- HS nhc li php chia
n thc cho n thc,
a thc cho nthc
- Lm vo v, ng ti
ch nu kt qu :
a) = 3x
2
z ; b) =
2
5
a
c) = (x y)
5
: (x y)
4
=
x y
d) =
3
5
x
2
x +
3
1
- HS khc nhn xt
- HS sa bi vo tp
Hot ng 3 : Dn d (1)
- Hc l thuyt theo
cng hng dn
- Lm bi tp cn li,
chun b cc bi tp tip
theo (5, 6, 7, 8) ca
cng.
vo v bi tp
V. NHN XT:
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
99
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
Ngy son: 07/ 01/ 2012.
Chng II : phng trnh bc nht mt n.
Tit 41 1. m u v phng trnh. (tit 1)
I. Mc tiu
1. Kin thc: HS hiu khi nim phng trnh v cc thut ng c lin quan.
2. K nng:
- Bit s dng thut ng din t bi gii sau ny.
- HS hiu khi nim gii phng trnh, bc u lm quen vi khi nim hai
phng trnh tng ng.
3. Thi : Cn thn, chnh xc
ii. chun b.
- GV: Bng ph, phn mu.
- HS: NC 1. SGK.
III. t chc hot ng dy hc
1. n nh t chc (1')
2. Kim tra bi c (Khi ng) (3'):
Gii thiu nhanh yu cu ca tit hc:
cc lp di ta gii nhiu bi ton tm x, nhiu bi ton . V d ta c
bi ton sau :
Va g
, bao nhiu ch ?
GV : t vn nh tr 4 SGK.
- Sau GV gii thiu ni dung chng III gm :
+ Khi nim chung v phng trnh .
+ Phng trnh bc nht mt n v mt s dng phng trnh khc .
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
100
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
+ Gii bi ton bng cch lp phng trnh
3. Bi mi (25')
Hot ng ca GV Hot ng ca HS Ni dung
Hot ng: 1. phng trnh mt n. (25 pht)
Kin thc: HS hiu khi nim phng trnh v cc thut ng c lin
quan.
K nng: Ly v d v phng trnh
GV : Vit bi ton sau
ln bng :
Sau gii thiu :
H thc 2x + 5 = 3 (x
1) + 2 l mt phng
trnh vi n s x .
Phng trnh gm hai
v .
phng trnh trn, v
tri l 2x + 5, v phi
l 3 (x - 1) + 2.
Hai v ca phng
trnh ny cha cng
mt bin x, l mt
phng trnh mt n .
GV : Gii thiu
phng trnh mt n
GV : Hy cho v d
khc v phng trnh
mt n. Ch ra v tri,
v phi ca phng
trnh .
GV : Yu cu HS
lm ? 1 .
GV : Cho phng
trnh: 3x + y = 5x 3
?. Phng trnh ny c
phi l phng trnh
mt n khng ?
GV : Yu cu HS
lm ? 2 .
Khi x = 6, tnh gi tr
mi v ca phng
trnh : 2x + 5 = 3 (x -
HS : Nghe GV trnh
by v ghi bng .
HS : Ly v d mt
phng trnh n x .
V d : 3x
2

+ x 1 = 2x
+ 5
V tri l : 3x
2

+ x 1
V phi l : 2x + 5.
HS : Ly v d cc
phng trnh n y, n
u.
HS : Phng trnh 3x +
y = 5x 3 khng phi
l phng trnh mt n
v c hai n khc nhau
l x v y.
HS tnh :

Tm x bit :
2x + 5 = 3 (x 1) + 2
* Phng trnh mt n x c
dng A(x) = B(x) vi v tri
l A(x), v phi l B(x).
V d : 3x
2

+ x 1 = 2x + 5
V tri l : 3x
2

+ x 1
V phi l : 2x + 5.
?2:
VT = 2x + 5 = 2.6 + 5 = 17.
VP = 3 (x 1) + 2 = 3 (6 1)
+ 2 = 17.
Nhn xt : Khi x = 6, gi tr
hai v ca phng trnh bng
nhau .
? 3 .
Cho phng trnh: 2 (x + 2)
7 = 3 x
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
101
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
1) + 2.
?. Nu nhn xt .
GV ni : Khi x = 6, gi
tr hai v ca phng
trnh cho bng nhau,
ta ni x = 6 tho mn
phng trnh v gi x
= 6 l mt nghim ca
phng trnh cho .
GV : Yu cu HS lm
tip ? 3 .
GV : Cho cc phng
trnh :
a) x 2
b) 2x = 1
c) x
2
= 1
d) x
2
9 = 0
e) 2x + 2 = 2 (x + 1)
Hy tm nghim ca
mi phng trnh trn .
GV : Vy mt phng
trnh c th c bao
nhiu nghim ?
HS lm bi tp vo
v .Hai HS ln bng
lm .
HS1 : Thay x = 2 vo
hai v ca phng
trnh .
VT = 2 (2 + 2) 7 =
7
VP = 3 ( 2 ) = 5
x = 2 khng phi
l nghim ca pt.
HS2 : Thay x = 2 vo
hai v ca phng
trnh .
VT = 2 (2 + 2) 7 = 1
VP = 3 2 = 1
x = 2 l mt
nghim ca phng
trnh .
HS pht biu :
a) Phng trnh c
nghim duy nht l
x 2 .
b) Phng trnh c mt
nghim l
1
x
2
.
c) Phng trnh v
nghim .
d) x
2
9 = 0 (x 3 )
(x + 3) = 0
phng trnh c hai
nghim l x = 3 v
x = 3 .
e) 2x + 2 = 2 (x + 1)
Phng trnh c v s
nghim v hai v ca
phng trnh l cng
mt biu thc.
HS : Mt phng trnh
a) x = -2 c tho mn phng
trnh khng ?
b) x = 2 c l mt nghim
ca phng trnh khng ?
Cho cc phng trnh :
a) x 2
b) 2x = 1
c) x
2
= 1
d) x
2
9 = 0
e) 2x + 2 = 2 (x + 1)
Hy tm nghim ca mi
phng trnh trn
* Ch :
Mt phng trnh c th c
mt nghim, hai nghim, ba
nghim cng c th v
nghim hoc v s nghim .
.
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
102
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
GV : Yu cu HS c
phn Ch SGK.
c th c mt nghim,
hai nghim, ba nghim
cng c th v
nghim hoc v s
nghim .
HS : c Ch
SGK.
4. Cng c, vn dng (15'):
- GV yu cu HS
thc hin BT1
SGK.
? Mun kim tra x
= -1 c l nghim
ca cc phng
trnh ny hay
khng ta lm nh
th no?
- GV yu cu HS
thc hin BT2
SGK.
- HS thc hin
BT1.
- Thay x = -1 vo
hai v ca pt, nu
lm hai v bng
nhau th n l
nghim.
a) Thay x = -1 vo
hai v ca phng
trnh ta c:
VT = 4.(-1) - 1 =
-5
VP = 3.(-1) - 2 =
-5
Do VT = VP nn x
= -1 l nghim
ca phng trnh
cho.
- Tng t HS hon
thnh cu c.
- HS thc hin
theo nhm, i
din nhm ln
trnh by.
- Tng t cho cc
trng hp cn li.
BT1 SGK: Vi mi ph-
ng trnh sau, hy xt
xem x = -1 c l
nghim ca n hay
khng?
a) 4x - 1 = 3x - 2
b) x + 1 = 2(x - 3)
c) 2(x + 1) + 3 = 2 - x
Gii:
b) Thay x = -1 vo hai
v ca phng trnh ta
c:
VT = -1 + 1 = 0
VP = 2(-1 - 3) = -8
Do VT VP nn x = -1
khng l nghim ca
phng trnh cho
BT2 SGK: Trong cc
gi tr t = -1, t = 0; t =
1, gi tr no l
nghim ca phng
trnh:
(t + 2)
2
= 3t + 4?
Gii : Thay t = -1 vo
hai v ca phng
trnh ta c:
VT = (-1 + 2)
2
= 1
VP = 3.(-1) + 4 = 1
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
103
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
Do VT = VP nn t = -1
l nghim ca phng
trnh.
- GV yu cu HS nhc li kin thc chnh ca tit hc.
5. Hng dn chun b bi (1'):
- Hc thuc nh ngha v phng trnh mt n.
- Vn dng lm cc bi tp SBT: 1, 3, 5
V. NHN XT:
Ngy son: 10/ 01/ 2012.
Tit 42 1. m u v phng trnh. (tit 2)
I. Mc tiu
1. Kin thc: HS hiu khi nim phng trnh v cc thut ng c lin quan.
2. K nng:
- Bit s dng thut ng din t bi gii sau ny.
- HS hiu khi nim gii phng trnh, bc u lm quen vi khi nim hai
phng trnh tng ng.
3. Thi : Cn thn, chnh xc
ii. chun b.
- HS: NC 1. SGK.
1. n nh t chc (1')
? Th no l phng trnh mt
n? Ly v d v phng
trnh n t?
- GV yu cu 3 HS lm BT 1
SBT.
BT1 SBT: Trong cc s -2;
-1,5; -1; 0,5;
2
3
; 2; 3, s no l
nghim ca mi phng trnh
sau y:
- HS tr li theo yu cu ca
GV.
- 3 HS thc hin BT1:
a) Thay ln lt cc gi tr ca y
bng cc gi tr: -2; -1,5; -1;
0,5;
2
3
; 2; 3, ta nhn thy ph-
ng trnh c hai nghim l: y
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
104
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
a) y
2
- 3 = 2y
b) t + 3 = 4 - t
c)
3 4
1 0
2
x
+
= -1 v y = 3.
b) Phng trnh c nghim l:
t = 0,5
c) Phng trnh c nghim l:
2
3
x .
3. Bi mi (29')
Hot ng 1: 2. gii phng trnh. (14 pht)
Kin thc: - Nm c th no l gii pt, tp nghim ca
pt.
K nng: -Gii mt s pt n gin.
GV gii thiu: Tp hp tt c
cc nghim ca mt phng
trnh c gi l tp nghim
ca phng trnh v
thng c k hiu bi S.
GV : Yu cu HS lm ? 4 .
GV ni : Khi bi ton yu
cu gii mt phng trnh, ta
phi tm tt c cc nghim
(hay tm tp nghim) ca
phng trnh .
GV: Cho HS lm bi tp:
Cc cch vit sau ng hay
sai ?
a) Phng trnh x
2

= 1 c tp
nghim
{ } S 1
.
b) Phng trnh x + 2 = 2 + x
c tp nghim S = R.
- Hai HS ln bng in
vo ch trng
HS tr li :
a) Sai. Phng trnh x
2

= 1 c tp nghim
{ } S 1,1
.
b) ng v tho mn
vi mi x R.
V d :
+ Phng trnh x 2
c tp nghim l
{ }
S 2
.
+ Phng trnh x
2
9 =
0 c tp nghim l
{ } S 3,3
?4
a) phng trnh x = 2
c tp nghim l
{ } S 2
.
b) Phng trnh v
nghim c tp nghim
l
S
.
Hot ng 2: 3. phng trnh tng ng. (15 pht)
Kin thc: - Nm c khi nim hai phng trnh tng -
ng
- Hiu c vic gii pt l qu trnh bin i t-
ng ng.
K nng: - Bin i tng ng gii pt.
GV : Cho phng trnh x
= 1 v x + 1 = 0. Hy
tm tp nghim ca mi
phng trnh. Nu nhn
HS :
- Phng trnh x = 1 c
tp nghim
{ } S 1 .
- Phng trnh x + 1 = 0
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
105
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
xt .
GV gii thiu : Hai
phng trnh c cng mt
tp nghim gi l hai
phng trnh tng
ng .
GV hi : Phng trnh x
2 = 0 v phng trnh x =
2 c tng ng
khng ? V sao?
+ Phng trnh x
2

= 1 v
phng trnh x = 1 c
tng ng khng ? V
sao?
GV : Vy hai phng
trnh tng ng l hai
phng trnh m mi
nghim ca phng trnh
ny cng l nghim ca
phng trnh kia v
ngc li.
K hiu tng ng
.
c tp nghim
{ } S 1 .
- Nhn xt : Hai phng
trnh c cng mt tp
nghim.
HS :
+ Phng trnh x 2 = 0
v phng trnh
x = 2 c tng ng v
c cng tp nghim
{ } S 2 .
+ Phng trnh x
2

= 1 c
tp nghim
{ } S 1
.
Vy hai phng trnh
khng tng ng .
HS : Ly v d v hai
phng trnh tng
ng .
KN:
Hai phng trnh c cng
mt tp nghim gi l hai
phng trnh tng
ng .
V d :
x 2 = 0 x = 2
4. Cng c, vn dng (6'):
- GV yu
cu HS
thc hin
BT5 SGK.
- HS tho
lun theo
nhm v
tr li
BT5 SGK: Hai phng trnh x = 0 v
x(x - 1) = 0 c tng ng khng? V
sao?
Gii:
- Phng trnh x = 0 c tp nghim l:
S = { } 0
- Phng trnh x(x - 1) = 0 c tp
nghim l:
S = { } 0;1
Do tp nghim ca hai phng trnh
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
106
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
khng bng nhau nn hai phng trnh
cho khng tng ng.
- Hc thuc nh ngha v phng trnh tng ng.
- Vn dng lm cc bi tp SGK v SBT.
V. NHN XT:
Ngy son: 12/ 01/ 2012.
Tit 43 2. phng trnh bc nht mt n
v cch gii. (tit 1)
i. Mc tiu.
1. Kin thc:
+ Hiu c nh ngha phng trnh bc nht ax + b = 0 (a
0)
v nghim ca phng trnh bc nht.
2. K nng:
+ Vn dng c quy tc chuyn v v quy tc nhn.
3. Thi :
+ T duy l gc - Phng php trnh by.
ii. chun b.
- HS: NC 2. SGK.
1. n nh t chc (1')
? Th no l hai phng trnh tng ng? Cho v d .
? Hai phng trnh sau c tng ng hay khng:
x 2 = 0 v x (x 2) = 0?
3. Bi mi (31')
Hot ng 1.nh ngha phng trnh bc nht mt n. (12
pht)
Kin thc: - HS nm c khi nim phng trnh bc nht (mt n)
K nng: -Ly c cc v d minh ho.
GV Gii thiu: phng
trnh c dng ax + b =
V d :
2x 1 = 0 ;
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
107
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
0, vi a v b l hai s
cho v a 0, c
gi l phng trnh bc
nht mt n .
GV : Yu cu HS xc
nh cc h s a v b
ca mi phng trnh .
GV : Yu cu HS lm
bi tp 7 tr 10 SGK.
Hy ch ra cc phng
trnh bc nht mt n
trong cc phng trnh
sau :
a) 1 + x = 0
b) x + x
2
= 0
c) 1 2t = 0
d) 3y = 0
e) 0x 3 = 0.
GV : Hy gii thch ti
sao phng trnh b) v
e) khng phi l
phng trnh bc nht
mt n .
- gii cc phng
trnh ny, ta thng
dng quy tc chuyn
v v quy tc nhn .
HS :
+ Phng trnh 2x 1 = 0
c a = 2 ; b = -1.
+ Phng trnh - 2 + y = 0
c a = 1 ; b = -2.
HS tr li : phng trnh
bc nht mt n l cc
phng trnh
a) 1 + x = 0
c) 1 2t = 0
d) 3y = 0
HS :
- Phng trnh x + x
2
= 0
khng c dng ax + b = 0.
- Phng trnh 0x 3 = 0
tuy c dng ax + b = 0
nhng a = 0 khng tho
mn a 0
- 2 + y = 0 . . .
Bi tp 7 tr 10 SGK.
Phng trnh bc
nht mt n l cc
phng trnh
a) 1 + x = 0
c) 1 2t = 0
d) 3y = 0
Hot ng 2. 2. hai quy tc bin i phng trnh.
(19 pht)
Kin thc: - HS nm c quy tc chuyn v, quy tc nhn
K nng: - Vn dng thnh tho chng gii cc phng trnh bc
nht.
GV : a ra bi ton :
Tm x bit 2x 6 = 0
yu cu HS lm.
GV : Chng ta va tm
x t mt ng thc s.
Em hy cho bit trong
qu trnh tm x trn, ta
thc hin nhng quy
HS : Nu cch lm :
2x 6 = 0
2x = 6
x = 6 : 2
x = 3
HS : Trong qu trnh tm x
trn, ta thc hin cc
quy tc :
- Quy tc chuyn v .
- Quy tc chia .
Bi ton
Tm x bit 2x 6 = 0
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
108
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
tc no ?
?. Hy pht biu quy
tc chuyn v?
- Vi phng trnh ta
cng c th lm tng
t .
- Hy pht biu quy tc
chuyn v khi bin i
phng trnh .
GV : Yu cu vi HS
nhc li .
GV : Cho HS lm ? 1
GV: bi ton tm x
trn, t ng thc
2x = 6, ta c x = 6 : 2
hay:
1
x 6. x 3.
2

Vy trong mt ng
thc s ta c th nhn
c hai v vi cng mt
s , hoc chia c hai v
cho cng mt s khc 0
i vi phng trnh
ta cng c th lm
tng t .
GV : Cho HS pht biu
quy tc nhn vi mt
s (bng hai cch :
nhn, chia hai v ca
phng trnh vi cng
mt s khc 0).
GV : Cho HS lm ?
2 .
HS: trong mt ng thc
s, khi chuyn mt s hng
t t v ny sang v kia, ta
phi i du s hng t .
HS pht biu : trong mt
phng trnh ta c th
chuyn mt hng t t v
ny sang v kia v i du
hng t .
HS : lm ? 1 , tr li ming
kt qu .
a) x 4 = 0 x = 4 .
3 3
b) x 0 x .
4 4
+
c) 0,5 x = 0 -x = -0,5
x = 0,5.
HS : Nhn hai v ca
phng trnh vi 2 ta c
x = - 2
HS : Nhc li vi ln quy
tc nhn vi mt s .
HS lm ? 2. Hai HS ln
bng trnh by.
b) 0,1x = 1,5
x = 1,5 : 0,1 hoc x =
1,5 . 10
x = 15
c) -2,5 x = 10
x = 10 : (-2,5)
x = - 4
a) Quy tc chuyn v .
V d : T phng trnh
x + 2 = 0 ta chuyn hng
t +2 t v tri sang v
phi v i du thnh -2
v c: x = - 2 .
b) Quy tc nhn vi mt
s .
V d : Gii phng
trnh
x
1.
2

? 2b) 0,1x = 1,5
x = 1,5 : 0,1
hoc x = 1,5 . 10
x = 15
c) -2,5 x = 10
x = 10 : (-2,5)
x = - 4
- GV yu cu HS nhc li kin thc chnh ca tit hc.
- GV yu cu HS thc hin BT10 SBT.
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
109
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
BT10 SBT: Bng quy tc chuyn v, gii cc phng
trnh sau:
a) x - 2,25 = 0,75
b) 19,3 = 12 - x
c) 4,2 = x + 2,1
d) 3,7 - x = 4
- Hc thuc nh ngha v phng trnh tng ng.
V. NHN XT:
Ngy son: 26/ 01/ 2012.
Tit 44 2. phng trnh bc nht mt n
v cch gii. (tit 2)
i. Mc tiu.
1. Kin thc: Nm c cch gii phng trnh bc nht ax + b = 0
(a
0)
2. K nng: Vn dng c quy tc chuyn v v quy tc nhn.
3. Thi : T duy l gc - Phng php trnh by.
ii. chun b.
- HS: NC 2. SGK.
1. n nh t chc (1')
? Th no l phng trnh bc nht mt n? Ly v d?
? Nu hai quy tc bin i phng trnh?
- GV yu cu HS thc hin BT9 SBT.
BT11 SBT: Bng quy tc nhn, tm gi tr gn ng
nghim ca cc phng trnh sau, lm trn n ch s thp
phn th ba:
a)
2 13 x
b)
5 1 5 x +
c)
2 4 3 x
3. Bi mi (19')
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
110
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
Hot ng 1. 3. cch gii phng trnh bc nht mt n. (19
pht)
Kin thc: - Nm c cc bc gii phng trnh bc nht 1
n.
K nng: - S dng cc quy tc bin i phng trnh
gii mt s pt n gin.
GV: Ta tha nhn
rng: T mt phng
trnh, dng quy tc
chuyn v hay quy tc
nhn, ta lun nhn
c mt phng trnh
mi tng ng vi
phng trnh cho.
GV: Cho HS c hai v
d SGK.
VD1 nhm hng dn
HS cch lm, gii thch
vic vn dng quy tc
chuyn v, quy tc
nhn.
VD2 hng dn HS
cch tnh by mt bi
gii phng trnh c
th.
GV: hng dn HS
gii phng trnh bc
nht mt n dng
tng qut.
?. Phng trnh bc
nht c bao nhiu
nghim?
- GV yu cu HS
thc hin ?3 SGK
? gii phng
trnh ny ta cn
s dng cc php
bin i no?
HS : c hai v d tr 9
SGK.
HS : Lm di s
hng dn ca GV
ax + b = 0 (a 0)
ax = -b

b
x
a

HS: Phng trnh bc
nht mt nghim lun
c mt nghim duy
nht l
b
x
a

.
HS : Lm ? 3 . Gii
phng trnh
,5x 2, 4
, ,
,
,
,
0 0
05 2 4
2 4
05
48
+

x
x
x
Kt qu :
{ } S 4,8 .
ax + b = 0 (a 0)
ax = -b

b
x
a

? 3 . Gii phng trnh
,5x 2, 4
, ,
,
,
,
0 0
05 2 4
2 4
05
48
+

x
x
x
Kt qu :
{ } S 4,8 .
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
111
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
4. Cng c, vn dng (16'):
- GV yu cu HS
thc hin BT8
SGK.
BT8 SGK: Gii cc
phng trnh:
a) 4x - 20 =
0
b) 2x + x +
12 = 0
c) x - 5 = 3 -
x
d) 7 - 3x = 9
- x
- HS tho lun
theo nhm v
trnh by:
BT8:
a) 4x = 20 hay x = 5
Vy tp nghim ca
phng trnh l: { } S 5
b) 3x = -12 hay x = - 4
Vy tp nghim ca
phng trnh l:
{ } S 4
c) 2x = 8 hay x = 4
Vy tp nghim ca
d) 2x = 2 hay x = 1
Vy tp nghim ca
- Nm vng cc quy tc bin i phng trnh.
V. NHN XT:
Ngy son: 31/ 01/ 2012.
Tit 45 3. phng trnh a c v dng ax + b = 0.
i. Mc tiu.
1. Kin thc:
+ HS hiu cch bin i phng trnh a v dng ax + b = 0.
2. K nng:
+ Vn dng cc quy tc bin i a phng trnh v dang ax +
b = 0.
+ Gii c phng trnh bc nht mt n.
3. Thi :
+ T duy, lgic, nhanh, cn thn
ii. chun b.
- HS: NC 3. SGK.
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
112
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
III. t chc hot ng dy hc:
1. n nh t chc (1')
GV: Nu yu cu kim tra .
HS1 :
- nh ngha phng trnh bc nht mt n.
- Cho v d .
? Phng trnh bc nht mt n c bao nhiu nghim ?
- Sa bi tp 9 tr 10 SGK phn a, c.
HS2 :
- Nu hai quy tc bin i phng trnh (quy tc chuyn v v quy tc nhn
vi mt s ).
- Sa bi tp 15(c) tr 5 SBT.
GV t vn : Cc phng trnh va gii l cc phng trnh bc nht mt n.
Trong bi ny ta tip tc xt cc phng trnh m hai v ca chng l hai biu thc
hu t ca n, khng cha n mu v c th a c v dng ax + b = 0 hay ax =
-b vi a c th khc 0, c th bng 0.
3. Bi mi (27')
Hot ng 1. 1. cch gii. (12 pht)
Kin thc: - HS nm vng phng php gii cc phng trnh m vic p
dng quy tc chuyn v, quy tc nhn v php thu gn c th a chng v dng
ax + b = 0.
K nng: - S dng cc quy tc bin i phng trnh gii
mt s pt n gin.
GV : C th gii phng
trnh ny nh th no ?
GV: Yu cu mt HS ln
bng trnh by, cc HS
khc lm vo v .
GV: Yu cu HS gii
thch r tng bc bin
i da trn nhng
quy tc no ?
GV: Phng trnh v
d 2 so vi phng trnh
v d 1 c khc ?
GV: Hng dn phng
php gii nh tr 11
SGK.Sau GV yu cu
HS thc hin ?1
HS : C th b du
ngoc, chuyn s hng
cha n sang mt v, cc
s sang v kia ri gii
phng trnh .
HS gii v d 1 :
HS gii thch r tng
bc.
HS: Mt s hng t
phng trnh ny c mu,
mu khc nhau .
V d 1: Gii phng
trnh
2x (3 5x ) = 4 (x + 3)
2x 3 + 5x = 4x + 12
2x + 5x - 4x = 12 + 3
3x = 15
x = 15 : 3
x = 5
V d 2 : Gii phng
trnh
5x 2 5 3x
x 1
3 2

+ +
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
113
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
? Hy nu cc bc ch
yu gii phng
trnh?
- GV tng hp, nu cc
bc ch yu gii
phng trnh a c
v dng ax + b = 0
HS : Nu cc bc ch
yu gii phng trnh
- Quy ng mu hai v .
- Nhn hai v vi mu
chung kh mu .
- chuyn cc hng t
cha n sang mt v, cc
hng s sang v kia .
- Thu gn v gii phng
trnh nhn c.
Hot ng 2. 2. p dng. (15 pht)
Kin thc: - p dng quy tc chuyn v, quy tc nhn v php
thu gn c th a chng v dng ax + b = 0.
K nng: - S dng cc quy tc bin i phng trnh gii
mt s pt n gin.
GV : Yu cu HS
xc nh mu thc
chung, nhn t ph
ri quy ng mu
thc hai v .
- Kh mu kt hp
vi b du ngoc .
- Thu gn, chuyn
v .
- Chia hai v ca
phng trnh cho h
s ca n tm x .
- Tr li
GV : Yu cu HS
thc hin ? 2
GV : Kim tra bi
lm ca vi HS .
GV : Nhn xt bi
lm ca HS .
Sau GV nu
Ch tr 12 SGK
v hng dn HS
cch gii phng
HS : Lm di s hng dn ca
GV .
MTC : 6
( ) ( ) ( )
+ +
2
2 3x 1 x 2 3 2x 1
6
33
6
2 (3x
2
+ 6x x 2 ) 6x
2
3 =
33
6x
2
+ 10x 4 6x
2
3 = 33
10x = 33 + 4 + 3
10x = 40
x = 40 : 10
x = 4
Phng trnh c tp nghim
{ } S 4
HS : C lp gii phng trnh .
Mt HS ln bng trnh by .
5x 2 7 3x
x
6 4
+

MTC : 12
( ) ( ) 12x 2 5x 2 3 7 3x
12 12
+

12x 10x 4 = 21 9x
2x + 9x = 21 + 4
11x = 25
V d 3 : Gii
phng trnh
( ) ( )
+
+

2
3x 1 x 2
3
2x 1 11
2 2
? 2
Gii phng trnh
5x 2 7 3x
x
6 4
+

Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
114
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
trnh v d 4 SGK
GV : Khi gii
phng trnh khng
bt buc lm theo
th t nht nh, c
th thay i cc
bc gii bi
gii hp l nht .
GV: Yu cu HS
lm v d 5 v v d
6 SGK.
GV: x bng bao
nhiu 0x = -2 ?
?. Cho bit tp
nghim ca phng
trnh?
GV : x bng bao
nhiu 0x = 0?
?. Cho bit tp
nghim ca phng
trnh?
GV : Phng trnh
v d 5 v v d 6
c phi l phng
trnh bc nht mt
n khng ? Ti sao?
GV : Cho HS c
ch 2 SGK.
25
x
11

Phng trnh c tp nghim
25
S .
11

' ;

HS : Lp nhn xt sa bi .
HS : Xem cch gii phng trnh v
d 4 SGK.
HS lm v d 5 v v d 6.
Hai HS ln bng trnh by .
VD 5 : x + 1 = x 1
x x = 1 1 0x = -2
HS : Khng c gi tr no ca x :
0x = -2
Tp nghim ca phng trnh S = ;
hay phng trnh v nghim.
VD 6: x + 1 = x + 1
x x = 1 1 0x = 0
HS : x c th l bt k s no,
phng trnh nghim ng vi mi x
Tp nghim ca phng trnh S = R
HS : phng trnh 0x = -2 v 0x = 0
khng phi l phng trnh bc nht
mt n v h s ca x (h s a) bng
0.
HS : c ch 2 SGK.
VD 5 :
x + 1 = x 1
x x = 1 1
0x = -2
Tp nghim ca
phng trnh
S =
VD 6:
x + 1 = x + 1
x x = 1 1
0x = 0
Tp nghim ca
phng trnh
S = R
(GV a bi ln bng
ph)
Bi 12(c,d) tr 13 SGK.
c)
7x 1 16 x
2x
6 5

+
d) ( )
5x 6
4 0,5 1,5x
3

GV : Nhn xt .
HS : Nhn xt v sa .
a) Chuyn x sang v tri v -6
sang v phi m khng i du .
Kt qu ng : x = 3
b) Chuyn 3 sang v phi m
khng i du .
Kt qu ng : t = 5
HS : Gii bi tp .
Kt qu c) x = 1 d) x = 0
Bi 10 tr 2 SGK.
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
115
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
HS : Nhn xt v sa .
- Nm vng cc bc gii phng trnh a c v dng ph-
ng trnh bc nht mt n.
V. NHN XT:
Ngy son: 01/ 02/ 2012.
Tit 46 luyn tp.
i. Mc tiu.
1. Kin thc : Cng c cc bc gii phng trnh.
2. K nng : C k nng gii v trnh by li gii phng trnh
3. Thi : T duy, lgic, nhanh, cn thn
ii. chun b.
- HS: n tp cc bc gii phng trnh a c v dng ax + b = 0.
1. n nh t chc (1')
- Treo bng ph a ra
kim tra . Gi HS ln
bng
- C lp lm vo v bi
tp
ca HS
- Cho HS nhn xt cu
tr li
- nh gi cho im
- HS c bi
- Hai HS ln bng lm
bi
1) 3x 7 + x = 3 x
3x+x+x = 3+7
5x = 10
x = 2
2)
2 5
x x
+
= 14
2x + 5x = 140
x = 20
- Nhn xt bi lm trn
bng
- T sa sai (nu c)
- Gii cc phng trnh :
1/ 3x 7 + x = 3 x (5)
2/
2 5
x x
+
= 14 (5)
3. Bi mi (29')
Hot ng ca gv Hot ng ca hs Ni dung
Hot ng 1: luyn tp (29 pht)
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
116
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
Kin thc: - gii phng trnh a c v dng ax + b = 0.
K nng :
- Luyn k nng vit phng trnh t mt bi ton c ni dung thc t.
- Luyn k nng gii phng trnh a c v dng ax + b = 0.
Bi 17 trang 14 SGK
- Treo bng ph ghi
bi 17
- Giao nhim v cho cc
nhm
- Theo di cc nhm
thc hin
- Kim bi lm v mt
vi HS
chia lm 6 nhm cng
thc hin (mi nhm gii
mt bi)
a) 7 + 2x = 22 3x
2x + 3x = 22 7
5x = 15
x = 3
S = {3}
b) 8x 3 = 5x + 12
8x 5x = 12 + 3
3x = 15
x = 5
S = {5}
c) x 12 + 4x = 25 + 2x 1
x + 4x 2x = 25 1 +12
3x = 36
x = 12
S = {12}
d) x + 2x + 3x 19 = 3x +
5
6x 3x = 5 +19
3x = 24
x = 8
S = {8}
e) 7 (2x +4) = -(x + 4)
7 2x 4 = -x 4
-2x + x = -4 7 +4
-x = -7
x = 7
S = {7}
f) (x 1) (2x 1) = 9 x
x + 1 2x + 1 = 9 x
x -2x + x = 9 1
1
Bi 17 trang 14 SGK
Gii cc phng trnh :
a) 7 + 2x = 22 3x
b) 8x 3 = 5x + 12
c) x 12 + 4x = 25+ 2x
1
d) x + 2x + 3x 19= 3x +
5
e) 7 (2x +4) = -(x + 4)
f) (x 1) (2x 1) = 9
x
Bi tp tng t
Gii cc phng trnh :
a) 3x + 1 = 7x 11
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
117
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
- Cho i din cc nhm
a ra bi gii ln bng.
- Cho HS khc nhn xt
- GV hon chnh bi lm
0x = 7
S =
- i din nhm trnh by
bi gii:
- Nhn xt bi gii nhm
khc
- HS sa bi vo tp
b) 1.2 (x 0.8) = -1.8 +
x
c) 11 2x = x 1
d) 15 8x = 9 5x
e) 4/3x 5/6 = 1/2
Bi 18 trang 14 SGK
- Ghi bng bi tp 18,
cho HS nhn xt.
- Gi 2 HS gii bng
- Theo di, gip HS
yu lm bi
- Cho HS lp nhn xt
cch lm,
- GV nh gi, cho
im
- HS gii bi tp (hai HS
gii bng)
a) MC : 6

x
x x x

+
6 2
1 2
3
2x 3(2x +1) = x 6x
2x 6x 3 = -5x
x = 3
S = {3}
b) MC : 20
25 , 0
4
2 1
5 , 0
5
2
+

+ x
x
x
4(2+x) 10x = 5(1-2x)
+ 5
8 + 4x 10x = 5 10x +
5
4x = 2
x =
S = {}
- Nhn xt bi lm bng.
- HS sa bi vo tp
Bi 18 trang 14 SGK
Gii cc phng trnh :
a)
x
x x x

+
6 2
1 2
3

b)
25 , 0
4
2 1
5 , 0
5
2
+

+ x
x
x
Bi tp tng t
Gii cc phng trnh :
a)
x 3 1 2x
a) 6
5 3

3x 2 3 2(x 7)
b) 5
6 4
+

3 13
c)2(x ) 5 ( x)
5 5
+ +
7x 20x 1.5
d) 5(x 9)
8 6
+

- Treo bng ph ghi
bi
- Gi HS ln bng chn
- C lp cng lm bi
- Cho HS khc nhn xt
- GV hon chnh bi lm
- HS c bi
- HS ln bng chn
1b 2c 3a
- HS khc nhn xt
- HS sa bi vo tp
Trc nghim :
1/ Tm nghim ng ca
phng trnh
x x
a) - 1 b) 2
c) -3 d) Kt qu khc
2/ Tm nghim ng ca
phng trnh
2
x 5x 6 0 + +
a) 1 b) 2
c) -3 d) Kt qu khc
3/ Tm nghim ng ca
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
118
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
phng trnh
6
x 4
1 x
+
a) 1 b) 2
c) -3 d) Kt qu khc
- Hc bi : Nm vng qui tc bin i ptrnh v qui tc gii phng trnh.
- Xem li cc bi gii.
- V xem trc bi mi 2. Phng trnh tch
V. NHN XT:
Ngy son: 04/ 02/ 2012.

Tit 47 4. pHNG TRNH TCH.
i. Mc tiu.
1. Kin thc:
+ Nm vng cch cch tm nghim ca phng trnh bng
cch tm nghim ca cc phng trnh A = 0, B = 0, C = 0.
+ Hiu c v s dng qui tc gii cc phng trnh
tch.
2. K nng: Gii phng trnh tch dng n gin.
3. Thi : T duy, lgic, nhanh, cn thn.
ii. chun b.
- HS: NC 4. SGK.
1. n nh t chc (1')
- Treo bng ph ghi
bi
- Gi HS ln bng lm
bi
- C lp cng lm bi
ca HS
- HS c bi
- HS ln bng lm bi
- HS 1 : 1/ x + 6(x+2) = 4x
x + 6x + 12 = 4x
x + 6x 4x = -12
3x = -12
x = -4
S = {-4}
2/
2
3
3
5 2 x x +
+

2(2x + 5) = 3(3 + x)
4x + 10 = 9 + 3x
A : Gii cc phng
trnh sau :
1/ x + 6(x+2) = 4x (5)
2/
2
3
3
5 2 x x +
+
(5)
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
119
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
- Cho HS khc nhn xt
- GV hon chnh bi lm
4x 3x = 9 10
x = -1
S = {-1}
- HS khc nhn xt
- HS sa bi vo tp
3. Bi mi (26')
Hot ng 1: 1. Phng trnh tch v cch gii (10 pht)
Kin thc: - HS nm c khi nim v phng php gii ph-
ng trnh tch (dng c hai hay ba nhn t bc nht).
K nng : - Nhn bit v ly v d v phng trnh tch.
- Nu ?1. Gi HS phn
tch a thc P(x) = (x
2
-
1)+(x+1)(x-2) thnh
nhn t
- GV ghi bng
- Cho HS thc hin ?2
Ni: Tnh cht ny c
p dng gii mt s
ptr > Vd1
- y l pt c dng a.b =
0 a= 0 hoc b = 0.
Phng trnh ny c
gii nh th no?
- Hai phng trnh ny
em bit cch gii. Hy
tm nghim ca chng?
- Phng trnh ny gi l
phng trnh tch > GV
gii thiu dng tng qut
ca phng trnh tch v
cch gii.
- C lp cng thc hin, mt
HS lm bng:
P(x) = (x
2
1) + (x+1). (x-2)
= (x + 1) . (x 1) + (x +
1) .(x 2)
= (x + 1) (x 1 + x 3)
= (x +1) . (2x 3)
- Trong mt tch, nu c mt
tha s bng 0 th tch bng 0
; ngc li nu tch bng 0 th
mt trong cc tha s ca tch
bng 0
- HS khc nhc li.
Ghi v d
- p: 2x+3 = 0 hoc x+1 = 0
- Tm nghhim v tr li: x =
3/2 hoc x = -1
- HS ghi bi
1/ Phng trnh tch v
cch gii :

+ Phng trnh tch c
dng
A(x).B(x) = 0
+ Cch gii :
Ta gii 2 ptrnh : A(x) = 0
v B(x) = 0 ri ly tt c
cc nghim ca chng
Hot ng 2: 2. p dng (16 pht)
Kin thc: - HS nm c khi nim v phng php gii phng
trnh tch (dng c hai hay ba nhn t bc nht).
- n tp cc phng php phn tch a thc thnh
nhn t
K nng :- Luyn k nng thc hnh gii phng trnh tch
- Nu v d v hng - Thc hin cc bc gii 2/ p dng :
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
120
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
dn HS gii nh SGK.
- Qua bi gii em hy
nu nhn xt v cch gii
phng trnh tch ?
- Nhn xt cu tr li ca
HS, cht li vn v
cho HS ghi vo v
- GV nu lu :
Trng hp v tri
ca phng trnh c
nhiu hn 2 nhn t, ta
cng gii tng t ->
cho HS xem v d 3
- Yu cu HS thc hin
theo nhm
?3 Gii phng trnh:
(x-1)(x
2
+ 3x 2) (x
3

1) = 0
?4 Gii phng trnh:
(x
3
+x
2
) + (x
2
+x) = 0
- C lp cng lm bi
- Cho HS khc nhn xt
- GV hon chnh bi lm
theo hng dn
tho lun v nu nhn
xt v cc bc thc hin
gii phng trnh tch
trn
- HS nhc li v ghi bi
- HS nghe hiu. Xem v d
3 SGK bit cch lm
chia nhm hot ng
(x-1)(x
2
+ 3x 2) (x
3
1) =
0
x
3
+ 3x
2
2xx
2
3x + 2
x
3
+1 = 0
2x
2
5x + 3 = 0
(2x
2
2x) (3x 3) = 0
2x(x 1) 3(x 1) = 0
(x 1) (2x 3) = 0
x 1 = 0
hoc 2x 3 = 0
* x 1 = 0 x = 1
* 2x 3 = 0 2x = 3
x = 3/2
S = {1; 3/2}
- HS lm ?4
(x
3
+x
2
) + (x
2
+x) = 0
x
2
(x + 1) + x(x + 1) = 0
(x + 1) (x
2
+ x) = 0
(x + 1) x. (x + 1) = 0
x + 1 = 0 hoc x = 0
* x + 1 = 0 x = -1
* x = 0
S = {-1; 0}
- HS khc nhn xt
V d : Gii ptrnh :
(x+1)(x+4) = (2-x)(2+x)
Gii
(SGK trang 15)
Nhn xt : Khi gii phng
trnh , ta thc hin :
Bc 1: Phn tch a thc
v tri thnh nhn t, a pt
v dng phng trnh tch.
Bc 2: Gii phng trnh
tch ri kt lun
Lu : Trng hp v tri
c nhiu hn hai nhn t, ta
cng gii tng t.
4. Cng c, vn dng (10'):
Bi 21a trang 17 SGK Bi 21a trang 17 SGK
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
121
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
- Treo bng ph ghi bi
- Gi HS ln bng lm
bi
- C lp cng lm bi
- Cho HS khc nhn xt
- GV hon chnh bi lm
Bi 22a trang 17 SGK
- Gi HS ln bng lm
bi
- C lp cng lm bi
- Cho HS khc nhn xt
- GV hon chnh bi lm
- HS c bi
- HS ln bng lm bi
a) (3x 2) (4x + 5) = 0
3x 2 = 0
hoc 4x + 5 = 0
* 3x 2 = 0 3x = 2
x = 2/3
* 4x + 5 = 0 4x = -5
x = -5/4
- HS khc nhn xt
- HS sa bi vo tp
- HS c bi
- HS ln bng lm bi
a) 2x(x 3) + 5(x 3) = 0
(2x 3) (2x + 5) = 0
(2x 3) = 0
hoc (2x + 5) = 0
2x 3 = 0
2x = 3 x = 3/2
2x + 5 = 0
2x = -5 x = -5/2
- HS khc nhn xt
- HS sa bi vo tp
Gii phng trnh :
a) (3x 2) (4x + 5) = 0
Bi 22a trang 17 SGK
Gii phng trnh :
a) 2x(x 3) + 5(x 3) = 0
- Xem li cc bi gii, tit sau LUYN TP
V. NHN XT:
Ngy son: 10/ 02/ 2012.
Tit 48 luyn tp.
i. Mc tiu.
1. Kin thc:
+ HS hiu cch bin i phng trnh tch dng A(x) B(x)
C(x) = 0.
+ Hiu c v s dng qui tc gii cc phng trnh
tch. Khc su pp gii pt tch.
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
122
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
2. K nng: Phn tch a thc thnh nhn t gii phng
trnh tch.
3. Thi : T duy, lgic, nhanh, cn thn.
ii. chun b.
- HS: Lm cc bi tp phn luyn tp SGK.
Hot ng 1. kim tra bi c (13 pht)
- Treo bng ph ghi
bi
- Gi HS ln bng lm
bi
- C lp cng lm bi
ca HS
- Cho HS khc nhn xt
- GV hon chnh bi lm
- HS ln bng lm bi
- HS 1 :
x(2x 9) = 3x(x 5)
2x
2
9x = 3x
2
15x
2x
2
9x 3x
2
+ 15x =
0
-x
2
+ 6x = 0
x(-x + 6) = 0
x = 0 hoc x + 6 = 0
* x = 0
* x + 6 = 0 x = 6
S = {0; 6}
- HS 2 :
3(x 5) 2x (x 5) = 0
(x 5) (3 2x) = 0
x 5 = 0 hoc 3 2x =
0
* x 5 = 0 x = 5
* 3 2x = 0 2x = 3
x = 3/2
S = {5; 3/2}
- HS nhn xt bi lm trn
bng
- HS sa sai (nu c)
1 : Gii phng trnh :
x(2x 9) = 3x(x 5)
2 : Gii phng trnh :
3(x 5) 2x(x 5) = 0
Hot ng 2: Vn dng. (30 pht)
Kin thc:
- Hc sinh vn dng thnh tho cc phng php phn tch
thnh nhn t.
- p dng thnh tho cc quy tc hc vo vic gii ph-
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
123
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
ng trnh tch.
K nng : - Rn luyn tnh cn thn, chnh xc khi gii bi tp ph-
ng trnh tch.
Bi 24 trang 17 SGK
- Treo bng ph ghi - HS c bi
Bi 24 trang 17 SGK
Gii cc phng trnh :
- Yu cu HS gii
- Dng hng ng thc
(A B)
2
- Sau p dng A
2
B
2
- Nhm hng t
- t nhn t chung
- V tri l hng ng
thc
(A + B)
2
- Sau p dng A
2
B
2
- Tch hng t
- 5x = - 2x 3x
- Nhm hng t
- t nhn t chung
- HS ln bng lm bi
a) (x
2
2x + 1) 4 = 0
(x 1)
2
2
2
= 0
(x 1 + 2) (x 1 2) = 0
(x 3)(x + 1) = 0
x 3 = 0 hoc x + 1 = 0
* x 3 = 0 x = 3
* x + 1 = 0 x = -1
S = {3; -1}
b) x
2
x = -2x + 2
x
2
x + 2x 2 = 0
x(x 1) 2(x 1) = 0
(x 1) (x 2) = 0
x 1 = 0 hoc x 2 = 0
* x 1 = 0 x = 1
* x 2 = 0 x = 2
S = {2; 1}
c) 4x
2
+ 4x + 1 = x
2

4x
2
+ 4x + 1 = x
2
(2x + 1)
2
x
2
= 0
(2x + 1 + x)(2x + 1 x) =
0
(3x + 1)(x + 1) = 0
3x + 1 = 0 hoc x + 1 = 0
3x + 1 = 0 x = -1/3
x + 1 = 0 x = -1
S = {-1/3; -1}
d) x
2
5x + 6 = 0
x
2
2x 3x + 6 = 0
(x
2
2x) (3x 6)= 0
x(x 2) 3(x 2) = 0
(x 2) (x 3) = 0
x 2 = 0 hoc x 3 = 0
a) (x
2
2x + 1) 4 = 0
b) x
2
x = -2x + 2
c) 4x
2
+ 4x + 1 = x
2

d) x
2
5x + 6 = 0
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
124
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
- Cho HS khc nhn xt
- GV hon chnh bi lm
* x 2 = 0 x = 2
* x 3 = 0 x = 3
S = {2; 3}
- HS khc nhn xt
- HS sa bi vo tp
Bi 25 trang 17 SGK
- Ghi bng bi tp 25,
cho HS nhn xt.
- Yu cu HS hp tc
lm bi theo nhm
- Theo di, gip HS
yu lm bi
- HS nhn xt
chia cc nhm lm bi :
a) 2x
3
+ 6x
2
= x
2
+ 3x
2x
2
(x +3) x(x +3) = 0
(x + 3) ( 2x2 x) = 0
x(x +3)(2x 1) = 0
Bi 25 trang 17 SGK
Gii cc phng trnh :
a) 2x
3
+ 6x
2
= x
2
+ 3x
- Cho HS lp nhn xt
cch lm
- GV nh gi, cho
im
x = 0 hoc x + 3 = 0
hoc 2x 1 = 0
x = 0 hoc x = -3
hoc x =
S = {0; -3; }
b) (3x 1)(x
2
+2)
= (3x 1)(7x 10)
(3x 1)(x
2
+2)
(3x 1)(7x 10) = 0
(3x 1)(x
2
+2 7x +10) =
0
(3x 1)(x
2
7x +12) = 0
(3x 1)(x
2
3x 4x +12) =
0
(3x-1)[x(x-3) 4(x-3)] =
0
(3x 1)(x 3)(x 4) = 0
3x1 = 0 hoc x 3 = 0
hoc x 4= 0
x = 1/3 hoc x = 3
hoc x = 4
S = {1/3; 3; 4}
- HS nhn xt, sa bi
- HS sa bi vo tp
b) (3x 1)(x
2
+2)
=(3x 1) (7x 10)
Hot ng 3. HNG DN HC NH (2 Pht)
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
125
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
- Xem li cc bi gii.
- n iu kin ca bin phn thc c xc nh, th no l hai phng
trnh tng ng.
- Xem trc bi mi : 5. PHNG TRNH CHA N MU
V. NHN XT:
Ngy son: 13/ 02/ 2012.
Tit 49: 5. pHNG TRNH cha n mu. (tit 1)
i. Mc tiu.
- HS nm vng khi nim iu kin xc nh ca mt phng
trnh, cch gii cc phng trnh c km iu kin xc nh, c
th l cc phng trnh c n mu.
- Nng cao cc k nng: Tm iu kin gi tr ca phn
thc c xc nh, bin i phng trnh, cc cch gii phng
trnh dng hc.
ii. chun b.
- HS: NC 5. SGK.
- Treo bng ph ghi
- Gi 2 HS ln bng
- C lp cng lm bi
- Kim tra bi tp v ca
HS
- Cho HS khc nhn xt
- GV nh gi v cho
im
- HS c
- HS ln bng lm bi
1/ (x 7).(5x + 2) = 0
x 7 = 0 hoc 5x + 2 =
0
* x 7 = 0 x = 7
* 5x + 2 = 0 5x = -2
x = -2/5
S = {-2/5; 7}
2/ 2.(x 1) + 1 = x 1
2x 2 + 1 x + 1 = 0
x = 0
S = {0}
- HS khc nhn xt
Gii cc phng trnh sau :
1/ (x 7).(5x + 2) = 0
2/ 2.(x 1) + 1 = x 1
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
126
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
- HS sa bi vo tp
Hot ng 2: 1. V d m u. (8 pht)
Kin thc: - HS ly c v d v phng trnh c n mu,
bc u nhn bit gi tr ca x tm c vi nghim ca pt t
nhn bit c vic tm KX.
K nng : - Nng cao cc k nng bin i phng trnh, cc
cch gii phng trnh dng hc.
- GV t vn nh
SGK(tr 19)
- a ra v d
- Gi HS gii bng
phng php hc,
cho bit nghim ca
phng trnh
- Hi x = 1 c l
nghim ca phng
trnh khng? V sao?
- Phng trnh cho
v x = 1 c tng
ng khng?
- Vy khi bin i t
phng trnh cha n
mu n pt khng cha
n mu c th c pt
mi khng tng
ng > Ta phi ch
n iu kin xc nh
ca phng trnh
- C lp gii
- kt qu: x = 1
- Tr li : x = 1 khng phi l
nghim ca phng trnh, v
ti x = 1 gi tr phn thc
1
1
x
khng xc nh.
- Phtrnh cho v x = 1
khng tng ng v khng
c cng tp nghim
- HS nghe GV trnh by.
1/ V d m u :

V d : Gii phng trnh
:
1 1
x 1
x 1 x 1
+ +

1 1
x 1
x 1 x 1
+

x 1
x = 1 khng l nghim
ca phng trnh v ti x
= 1 th gi tr ca phn
thc khng xc nh
Hot ng 3: 2. Tm iu kin xc nh ca phng trnh. (7
pht)
Kin thc: - HS nm vng khi nim iu kin xc nh
ca mt phng trnh, cch tm iu kin xc nh ca ph-
ng trnh c n mu.
K nng : - Nng cao cc k nng: Tm iu kin xc nh ca
phng trnh
- Phn thc c gi tr xc
nh khi no ?
- iu kin xc nh ca
ptrnh l iu kin cho
tt c cc mu trong
phng trnh u khc 0.
- Cho HS xem v d sgk
- Phn thc c gi tr xc
nh khi mu thc khc 0
- Suy ra iu kin xc nh
ca ptrnh
- c v d 1 sgk
2/ Tm iu kin xc nh
ca mt phng trnh :
- Vit tt KX
- V d : Tm KX ca
mi phng trnh sau :
a)
1
4
1 +
+
x
x
x
x

Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
127
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
- Nu ?2 yu cu HS
thc hin
- Cho HS trao i nhm
- Cho HS khc nhn xt
- GV hon chnh v ghi
bng
- Thc hin ?2 : HS suy
ngh c nhn sau trao
i nhm cng bn
a) KX l x 1 v x
-1
b) KX l x 2
- HS khc nhn xt
- HS ghi bi vo tp
KX l x 1 v x -1
b)
x
x
x
x

2
1 2
2
3
KX l x 2
Hot ng 4: 3. gii phng trnh cha n mu (16 pht)
Kin thc: - HS nm vng cch gii cc phng trnh c km
iu kin xc nh
K nng : - Nng cao cc k nng: bin i phng trnh, cc
- Ghi bng v d 2
+ Hy tm KX ca
ptrnh?
+ Hy qui ng mu 2 v
ri kh mu
Pt (1) v pt kh mu
c tng ng khng?
Vy ta phi dng k hiu
g?
x =
3
8
c tho mn
KX khng ? Tp
nghim ca pt ?
- gii mt pt cha n
mu ta phi lm qua
nhng bc no
- Cho HS c li cch
gii SGK trang 21
- HS ln bng lm
KX: x 0; x 2
) 2 ( 2
3 2 2
+
x
x
x
x

) 2 ( 2
) 3 2 (
) 2 ( 2
) 2 )( 2 ( 2
+
x x
x x
x x
x x

Suy ra : 2(x + 2)(x 2) =
x(2x + 3)
2(x
2
4) = x(2x + 3)
2x
2
8 = 2x
2
+ 3x
2x
2
2x
2
3x = 8
3x = 8
x =
3
8
(tho mn
KX)
Vy S = {
3
8
}
- HS ng ti ch nu cc
bc gii
- HS c SGK trang 21
3/ Gii phng trnh cha n
mu :
V d 2 : Gii phng trnh
) 2 ( 2
3 2 2
+
x
x
x
x

) 2 ( 2
) 3 2 (
) 2 ( 2
) 2 )( 2 ( 2
+
x x
x x
x x
x x

Suy ra : 2(x + 2)(x 2) =
x(2x + 3)
2(x
2
4) = x(2x + 3)
2x
2
8 = 2x
2
+ 3x
2x
2
2x
2
3x = 8
3x = 8
x =
3
8
(tho mn
KX)
Vy S = {
3
8
}
Cch gii phtrnh cha n
mu : (SGK trang 21)
Hot ng 5: cng c (6 pht)
Kin thc: - HS nm vng cc bc gii cc phng trnh c
n mu
K nng : - Nng cao cc k nng: Tm KX, bin i phng
trnh, cc cch gii phng trnh dng hc.
- Treo bng ph gi HS - HS c Bi 27 trang 22 SGK
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
128
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
c
- Gi HS ln bng lm
bi
- C lp cng lm bi
- Cho HS khc nhn xt
- GV hon chnh bi lm
- HS ln bng lm bi
- HS khc nhn xt
- HS sa bi vo tp
Gii phng trnh sau :
2x 5
3
x 5
+
KX :
x 5 0 5 + x
Khi
(1)
2 5 3( 5)
5 5
+ +
+ +
x x
x x
2x + 5 = 3x + 15
2x 3x = 15 5
-x = 10 x = -10
Vy : S = {-10}
- Hc bi : nm vng cch gii phng trnh cha n mu ch trng
bc 1 v bc 4.
V. NHN XT:
Ngy son: 18/ 02/ 2012.
Tit 50: 5. pHNG TRNH cha n mu. (tit 2)
i. Mc tiu.
- HS nm vng khi nim iu kin xc nh ca mt phng
trnh, cch gii cc phng trnh c km iu kin xc nh, c
th l cc phng trnh c n mu.
- Nng cao cc k nng: Tm iu kin gi tr ca phn
thc c xc nh, bin i phng trnh, cc cch gii phng
trnh dng hc.
ii. chun b.
- HS: NC 5. SGK.
- Treo bng ph ghi
- Gi HS ln bng
- HS c bi
- HS ln bng lm bi
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
129
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
- C lp cng lm bi
ca HS
- Cho HS khc nhn xt
- GV nh gi v cho
im
2/
2
3 6
2
+
x
x
x
KX : x
0

2 2
2( 6) 2 3
2 2
x x x
x x x
+
2x
2
12 = 2x
2
+ 3x
2x
2
2x
2
3x = 12
-3x = 12
x = -4 (tho mn
KX)
Vy S = {-4}
- HS khc nhn xt
- HS sa bi vo tp
1/ Nu cc bc gii
phng trnh cha n mu.
2/ Gii cc phng trnh
sau:

2
3 6
2
+
x
x
x

Hot ng 2: 4. p dng. (20 pht)
n mu.
- Nng cao cc k nng: Tm iu kin gi tr ca
phn thc c xc nh, bin i phng trnh, cc cch
gii phng trnh dng hc.
- Nu v d 3, cho HS
gp sch li v gii bi
tp v d 3
- Tm KX ca
phng trnh
- Qui ng mu hai v
ca phng trnh ?
- Kh mu ta c g ?
- Tip tc gii phng
trnh nhn c
- i chiu KX, nhn
nghim ca phng trnh
- GV lu HS: phi loi
gi tr no khng tho
mn KX
? 3 Gii phng trnh :
a)
1
4
1 +
+
x
x
x
x

- HS gii tng bc theo
hng dn ca GV :
- KX ca phng trnh
2(x-3) 0 x 3
2(x+1) 0 x -1
- MC : 2(x-3)(x +1)
- Qui ng v kh mu, suy
ra
x
2
+x +x
2
3x = 4x
2x
2
6x = 0 2x(x-3) =
0
2x = 0 hoc x 3 = 0
* x = 0 (tho mn KX)
* x 3 = 0 x = 3 (loi v
khng tho mn KX)
Vy S = {0}
- HS ln bng lm bi ?3
a)
1
4
1 +
+
x
x
x
x

4. p dng :
V d: Gii phng trnh
( ) ) 3 )( 1 (
2
2 2 3 2 +
+
+
x x
x
x
x
x
x
?3 Gii cc phng trnh:
a)
1
4
1 +
+
x
x
x
x

Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
130
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
b)
x
x
x
x

2
1 2
2
3
- Cho HS khc nhn xt
- GV hon chnh bi lm
KX l x1 v x -1
x(x 1) (x 4)(x 1)
(x 1)(x 1) (x 1)(x 1)
+ +

+ +
Suy ra :
x(x + 1) = (x + 4) (x 1)
x
2
+ x = x
2
x + 4x 4
x
2
+ x x
2
+ x 4x = 4
- 2x = -4
x = 2 (tho mn KX)
Vy : S = {2}
b)
x
x
x
x

2
1 2
2
3

KX l x 2
3 2x 1 x(x 2)
x 2 x 2 x 2

Suy ra : 3 = 2x 1 x(x 2)
3 = 2x 1 x
2
+ 2x
x
2
4x + 4 = 0
(x 2)
2
= 0
x 2 = 0
x = 2 (loi v khng tho
mn KX)
Vy S =
- HS khc nhn xt
- HS sa bi vo tp
b)
x
x
x
x

2
1 2
2
3
Hot ng 3: cng c, vn dng. (16 pht)
n mu.
- Nng cao cc k nng: Tm iu kin gi tr ca
phn thc c xc nh, bin i phng trnh, cc cch
gii phng trnh dng hc.
Bi 27 c trang 22 SGK
- Treo bng ph ghi
- Gi HS ln bng lm
bi
- C lp cng lm bi
- HS c bi
- HS ln bng lm bi
c)
2
( 2 ) (3 6)
0
3
x x x
x
+ +
(1)
KX : x3
Khi (1) :
Bi 27 c trang 22 SGK
Gii phng trnh :
c)
( 2 ) (3 6)
0
3
x x x
x
+ +
(1)
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
131
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
- Cho HS khc nhn xt
- GV hon chnh bi lm
Bi 28(c,d) trang 22
SGK
- Cho HS nhc li cc
bc gii
- Ghi bng bi tp
28(c,d)
- Cho bit KX ca
mi phng trnh ?
- Gi hai HS gii bng
- Theo di v gip
HS lm bi
- Thu v chm im bi
hon thnh xut sc
- Cho HS nhn xt bi
lm
- GV nhn xt, nh gi
chung v cht li vn

2
( 2 ) (3 6) x x x + + = 0
x(x+2) 3(x + 2) = 0
(x + 2) (x 3) = 0
x + 2 = 0 hoc x 3 = 0
* x + 2 = 0 x = -2 (nhn)
* x 3 = 0 x = 3 (loi)
Vy : S = {-2}
- HS khc nhn xt
- HS sa bi vo tp
- HS nhc li cc bc gii

- C lp thc hin (2HS ln
bng
c)
2
2
1 1
x
x
x
x + +
(2)
d)
2
2
1
3
+
+
+
+
x
x
x
x
(3)
KX : x 0 v x -1
Khi (3) l :
x(x+3)+(x+1)(x-2) =
2x(x+1)
x
2
+3x+x
2
2x+x 2 =
2x
2
+2x
2x
2
2x
2
+2x 2x = 2
0x = 0 .
Vy S =
- HS khc nhn xt
- HS sa bi vo tp
Bi 28(c,d) trang 22 SGK
Gii phng trnh :
c)
2
2
1 1
x
x
x
x + +
(2)
KX ca pt l x 0
Khi (2) l :
x
3
+ x = x
4
+ 1
x
3
x
4
+x 1 = 0
x
3
(1 x) (1 x) = 0
(1 x)(x
3
1) = 0
1 x = 0 hoc x
3
1 = 0
* 1 x = 0 x = 1 (nhn)
* x
3
1 = 0 x = 1 (nhn)
Vy S = {1}
- Hc bi: nm vng cch gii phng trnh cha n mu ch trng bc 1
v bc 4.
- V lm trc cc bi phn luyn tp
V. NHN XT:
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
132
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
Ngy son: 12/ 02/ 2012.
Tit 51: 6. gii bi ton bng cch lp phng trnh.
i. Mc tiu.
- HS nm c cc bc gii bt bng cch lp pt
- HS bit vn dng gii mt s bt
ii. chun b.
- HS: NC 6. SGK.
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
133
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
Hot ng ca thy Hot ng ca tr Ni dung
Hot ng 1. 1. biu din mt i lng
bi biu thc cha n. (15 pht)
Kin thc: - HS bit biu din mt i lng bi biu thc
cha n.
K nng : - Lin h cc i lng bi cc cng thc hc.
c phng trnh ta
phi lm g?
GV gii thiu biu thc
cha n qua VD 1
Gv hng dn HS lm ?
1
Gi s ngy bn Tin
dnh x pht tp chy.
Vit biu thc vi bin x
biu th:
Qung ng Tin chy
c trong x pht vi
vn tc 180 m / pht ?
Vn tc trung bnh ca
Tin (tnh theo km/h)
nu trong x pht Tin
chy c qung ng
l 4500m?
?2 Gi x l s t nhin
c hai ch s
VD : 12 -> 512= 500 +
12
12 -> 125 = 12. 10 +5
Biu thc cha n
A (x) = B(x)
HS xem VD SGK
Lm ?1 ,?2
Qung ng bng
vn tc nhn thi
gian.
Vn tc bng qung
ng chia thi gian
x l s t nhin c
hai ch s.
Vit thm 5 vo bn
tri x l: 500 + x
Vit 5 vo bn phi
x l : 10x +5
1/ Biu th mt i lng
mt biu thc cha n.
VD : Qung ng Tin chy
c trong x pht vi vn tc
180 m / pht l 180x
Vn tc trung bnh ca Tin
(km/h) nu trong x pht Tin
chy c qung ng l
4500 m:
4,5 :
270
60
x
x
x l s t nhin c hai ch s.
Vit thm 5 vo bn tri x l:
500 + x
Vit 5 vo bn phi x l :
10x +5
Hot ng 2. 2. v d gii bi ton
bng cch lp phng trnh. (29 pht)
Kin thc: - HS lm quen vi cc bi ton gii bng cch lp
phng trnh.
K nng : - Phn tch bi tm ra mi lin h gia cc
i lng trong bi.
VD 2: Bi ton c.
- C my i tng tham
gia vo bi ton c?
Quan tm n nhng i
tng no v g v ch?
Bi ton cho bit g v
cha bit g?
2 i tng : g ,
ch.
Tng s con, tng s
chn
Tng s con : 36.
Tng s chn : 100
G 2 chn/ 1 con.
Ch 4 chn / 1 con
Nhc li mt s iu
kin quen thuc:
n x biu th mt ch
s th : 0 9 x
x: s tui, s ngi,
2/ V d v gii bi ton
bng cch lp phng trnh:
VD2: bi ton c:
Va g va cho
B li cho trn
Ba mi su con
Mt trm chn chn.
Hi c bao nhiu con g, bao
nhiu con ch?
Gi x l s con g( k: x:
nguyn dng v x < 36)
S con ch: 36 x
S chn g: 2x( chn)
S chn ch:4(36 x) (chn)
134
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
V. NHN XT:
Ngy son: 15/ 02/ 2012.
Tit 52: 7. gii bi ton bng cch lp phng trnh.
i. Mc tiu.
- Cng c cc bc gii bt bng cch lp pt
- Vn dng gii dng ton chuyn ng, nng sut, quan h s.
- Rn k nng gii bt
ii. chun b.
- HS: NC 7. SGK.
NI DUNG
HOT NG
CA GV
HOT NG CA HS
1/ Nu cc bc gii
bi ton bng cch
lp phng trnh (3)
2/ Lp 8A c tt c 39
HS, bit rng s HS
nam gp i s HS n.
Hi lp 8A c tt c
bao nhiu HS nam?
Bao nhiu HS n ?
(7)
- Treo bng ph ghi
kim tra
- Gi 1 HS ln bng
- C lp cng lm bi
- Kim bi tp v nh
ca HS
- Cho HS lp nhn xt
bng
- GV nh gi v cho
im
- HS c bi
- HS ln bng lm bi
Gi x l s HS n lp 8A,
kin x nguyn v 0 < x < 39.
S HS nam s l 2x.
Tng s HS lp l 39 nn ta
c ptrnh: x + 2x = 39 x =
13
x = 13 tho k ca n. Vy s
HS n ca lp l 13. S HS
nam l 2.13 = 26 (HS) .
- HS khc nhn xt
- HS sa bi vo tp
Hot ng 2 : V d (23)
Kin thc: - Cng c cc bc gii bt bng cch lp pt
- Vn dng gii dng ton chuyn ng, nng sut,
quan h s.
K nng : - Rn k nng gii bt
V d : (SGK trang 27)
a) Phn tch :
- a bi ln bng
ph.
- Mt HS c to bi (sgk)
- C 3 i lng: Qung
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
135
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
Tg i Qng
i
Xe my x 35x
t x 2/5 45(x
2/5)
b) Gii :
+ Gi x (h) l thi gian
xe my i t HN n
lc gp nhau.
iu kin x > 2/5 (24
= 2/5h)
Tgian t i l x 2/5
(h)
Qung ng xe my
i oc : 35x(km)
Qungng i ca t
l 45(x-2/5) (km)
Theo bi ta c ph
trnh :
35x + 45(x 2/5) =
90
35x +45x 18 = 90
80x = 108
x = 108: 80
x = 27/20
+ x = 27/20 tho mn
cc iu kin ca n.
Vy tgian 2 xe gp
nhau t lc xe my
khi hnh l 27/20 (h)
tc l 1g21.
- Trong ton chuyn
ng c nhng i
lng no ?
- Cng thc lin h gia
chng?
- Bi ton c bao nhiu
i tng chuyn
ng ? Cng hay ngc
chiu?
- Cc i lng c lin
quan? ( bit? Cha
bit? Cn tm?)
- Gi HS tr li v lp
bng
- Chn n l g? iu
kin ca n?
- Tgian t i t N
n ch gp nhau?
- Vn tc ca xe my
v t bit => qung
ng i ca mi xe
theo x ?
- Cn c vo ch no
lp phng trnh?
- GV c th v s
on thng cho HS d
thy.
- Yu cu HS t lp
ptrnh v gii (gi mt
HS ln bng)
- GV theo di v gip
HS yu lm bi.
- Chm bi mt vi HS
- Cho HS nhn xt
bng.
- nh gi, cho im.
ng, vn tc, thi gian.
Cng thc : s = vt; t = ; v
=
- Hai i tng chuyn ng :
t v xe my; chuyn ng
ngc chiu.
- bit : q HN-N; vtc
mi xe, tgian & qg` i mi
xe
- HS lp bng
Chn x (h) l thi gian xe
my i
K : x > 2/5
x 2/5 (do 24 = 2/5h)
- Qung ng xe my i:
35x ; ca t i l 45(x 2/5)
- Do 2xe ngc chiu n ch
gp nhau nn tng qung
ng 2xe i chnh bng
qng HN-N
- HS lp pt v gii (mt HS
thc hin bng, HS khc
lm vo v)
- HS np bi theo yu cu GV
- HS khc nhn xt bi lm
bng
- HS t s sai (nu c)
Kin thc: - Cng c cc bc gii bt bng cch lp pt
- Vn dng gii dng ton chuyn ng, nng sut,
quan h s.
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
136
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
?4 (SGK trang 28)
?5 (SGK trang 28)
- Nu bi tp ?4 (sgk)
- Yu cu HS thc hin
ti ch
- C lp cng lm bi
- Lp phng trnh bi
ton ?
- Yu cu HS thc hin
tip ?5
Gi mt HS gii bng
- Cho HS nhn xt.
- GV nh gi bi lm v
nhn xt ca HS. Ni
thm: cch chn no
cng c cng kt qu
nh nhau. Tuy nhin, ta
cn kho chn n s
a n vic gii phng
trnh c d dng.
- HS c bi
hp tc theo nhm v lp
bng tm tt (in vo ca
bng)
Vtc Qg` Tgian
Xmy 35 s s/35
t 45 90-s (90-
s)/45
Ptrnh:
5
2
45
90
35

s s

- HS gii phng trnh:
9s 630 + 7s = 63.2
16s = 126 + 630
s = 756/16 = 189/4
Vy qng xe my i l
189/4 km
Tgian t lc xe my khi
hnh n lc gp nhau l :
189/4 : 35 = 27/20 h =
1g21
- HS lm ?5
- Nhn xt : Chn n l
qng i ca xe my >
ptrnh phc tp hn, phi lm
thm php tnh na mi c
kt qu.
Hot ng 4 : Dn d (2)
- Hc bi: nm vng
cch gii bi ton bng
cch lp phng trnh .
- Tit sau : LUYN
TP 6
- HS xem li bi v d
- Xem li cch tm trung bnh
cng ca bi ton thng k
v
V. NHN XT:
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
137
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
Ngy son: 19/ 02/ 2012.
Tit 53: luyn tp.
i. Mc tiu.
LT cho HS cch gii bi ton bng cch lp pt qua cc bc : Phn tch bi ton,
cch chn n s, biu din cc i lng cha bit, lp pt, gii pt, i chiu K ca
n, tr li.
Ch yu luyn ton v quan h s, ton thng k, ton phn trm.
ii. chun b.
NI DUNG HOT NG GV HOT NG CA HS
1/ Nu cc bc gii
bi ton bng cch lp
phng trnh (3)
2/ Lc 6 gi sng, mt
xe khi hnh t A
n B. Sau mt gi
mt t cng xut pht
t A n B vi vn
tc trung bnh ln hn
vn tc trung bnh ca
xe my l 20km/h. C
hai xe n B ng thi
vo l 9h30 sng cng
ngy. Tnh qung ng
AB v vn tc trung
bnh ca xe my ?
- Treo bng ph ghi
bi 37
- Gi 1 HS ln bng sa
- C lp cng lm bi
- Kim v bi lm nh
ca HS
- Cho HS nhn xt
bng
- GV nh gi v cho
im
- HS c bi
- Mt HS ln bng :
2/ Gi x(km) l di qung
ng AB . K : x > 0
Thi gian xe my i l 3,5gi
Thi gian t i l 3,5 1 =
2,5gi.
Vn tc tbnh ca xe my l
x/3,5 = 2x/7(km/h)
Vn tc t l x/2,5 =
2x/5(km/h). Ta c ptrnh :
20
7
2
5
2

x x
14x-10x = 700
x = 175 tho k ca n.
Vy qung ng AB di 175
km
Vn tc trung bnh ca xe my
l 2.175/7 = 50(km/h)
- HS khc nhn xt
- HS sa bi vo tp
Kin thc: LT cho HS cch gii bi ton bng cch lp pt qua cc bc:
Phn tch bi ton, cch chn n s, biu din cc i lng cha bit, lp pt, gii
pt, i chiu K ca n, tr li.
Bi 42 trang 31 SGK
Mt s t nhin c hai
Bi 42 trang 31 SGK
- a bi ln bng Mt HS c to bi (sgk)
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
138
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
ch s, bit rng nu
vit thm mt ch s 2
vo bn tri v mt
ch s 2 vo bn phi
s th ta c mt
s ln gp 153 ln s
ban u
Bi tp tng t
Mt s t nhin c hai
ch s, bit rng nu
vit thm mt ch s 4
vo bn tri v mt
ch s 4 vo bn phi
s th ta c mt
s ln gp 296 ln s
ban u
ph.
- Gi HS c v phn
tch
- Chn n s?
- Nu vit thm mt ch
s 2 vo bn tri v mt
ch s 2 vo bn phi th
s mi biu din nh th
no?
- Lp phng trnh v
gii?
(gi mt HS ln bng)
- Cho HS lp nhn xt
- GV hon chnh bi
bng
Gi x l s cn tm.K : x
N; x > 9
- Ta c : 2x2 = 2000 + x.10 +
2
- Theo bi ta c phng
trnh :
2000 + 10x + 2 = 153x
153x 10x = 2002
x = 2002 : 143 = 14 (nhn)
Vy s cn tm l 14
- Nhn xt bng, i chiu,
sa cha, b sung
Bi 43 trang 31 SGK
Tm phn s c cc
tnh cht sau :
a) T s ca phn s l
s t nhin c mt ch
s
b) Hiu gia t s v
mu s bng 4
c) Nu gi nguyn t
s v vit vo bn phi
ca mu s mt ch s
ng bng t s , th ta
c mt phn s bng
phn s 1/5
Bi 43 trang 31 SGK
- Nu bi tp 43 (sgk)
- tm c phn s,
cn tm g? Tr li cu
a?
- Nu gi t l x th x
cn iu kin g?
- c cu b v biu din
mu
- c cu c v lp
ptrnh?
- Gii phng trnh bi
ton ?
- i chiu vi iu
kin bi ton v tr li?
- HS c bi
- Gi t s ca phn s l x
- iu kin x nguyn dng x
9;x4
- Mu s l x 4
- Ta c phng trnh :

5
1
) 4 (

x x
x

hay
5
1
10 ) 4 (

+ x x
x

10x 40 + x = 5x
6x = 40 x = 20/3
(khng tho mn k)
- Vy khng c phn s no c
tnh cht cho
- Cho HS nhc li cc
bc gii bi ton bng
cch lp ptrnh
- GV nhn mnh cn
thc hin tt 2 bc 1
v 4
- HS ghi nh
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
139
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
Hot ng 4 : Dn d (2)
Bi 44 trang 31 SGK
Bi 45 trang 31 SGK
* Tnh im trung bnh
* Lp bng theo hp
ng v thc hin (s
sn phm ,s ngy, nng
sut )
- Xem li cc bi gii.
- Xem li cch tnh im trung
bnh
- HS lm theo hng dn
HS nghe dn v ghi ch vo v
V. NHN XT:
Ngy son: 21/ 02/ 2012.
Tit 54: luyn tp. (tip)
i. Mc tiu.
LT cho HS cch gii bi ton bng cch lp pt qua cc bc : Phn tch bi ton,
cch chn n s, biu din cc i lng cha bit, lp pt, gii pt, i chiu K ca
n, tr li.
Ch yu luyn ton v quan h s.
ii. chun b.
NI DUNG
HOT NG
GV
HOT NG CA HS
1/ Nu cc bc gii
bi ton bng cch lp
phng trnh (3)
2/ Phn tch v gii
bc 1 bi tp 45 sgk
(7)
- Gi 1 HS ln bng tr
li v phn gii bc 1.
- Kim v bi lm nh
ca HS
- Cho HS lp nhn xt
bng
- Nhn xt, nh gi v
cho im
- Gi mt HS khc gii
tip phn cn li ca bi
- HS lp nhn xt, sa
sai nu c
- Mt HS ln bng tr li, lp
bng phn tch v gii ming
bc 1 :
S
thm
S
ngy
Nng
sut
Hng x 20 x/20
T/hin x+24 18 (x+24)/1
8
- HS tham gia nhn xt bng
- HS khc trnh by bi gii:

Kin thc: LT cho HS cch gii bi ton bng cch lp pt qua cc
bc: Phn tch bi ton, cch chn n s, biu din cc i lng cha bit, lp
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
140
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
pt, gii pt, i chiu K ca n, tr li.
Bi 46 trang 31 SGK
Mt ngi li t d
nh i t A n B vi
vn tc 48 km/h.
Nhng sau khi i
c mt gi vi vn
tc y t b tu ho
chn ng trong 10
pht, do n B
ng thi gian nh
, ngi phi tng
vn tc thm 6km/h .
Tnh qung ng AB
Bi tp tng t
Mt t i t H Ni
n Thanh Ho vi
vn tc 40km/h. Sau
2h ngh li Thanh
Ho t li t Thanh
Ho v H Ni vi
vn tc 30km/h. Tng
thi gian c i ln v
l 10h45 (k c thi
gian ngh li Thanh
Ho) . Tnh qung
ng H Ni
Thanh Ho
Bi 46 trang 31 SGK
- a bi ln bng
ph.
- Gi HS c bi.
- Hng dn HS lp
bng phn tch :
- Trong bi ton t d
nh i nh th no?
- Thc t din bin nh
th no
- Yu cu HS in vo
cc trong bng
- Chn n s ? iu
kin ca x?
- Lp phng trnh v
gii?
(cho HS thc hin theo
nhm)
- Gi i din ca 2
nhm bt k trnh by
bi gii bng.
- Cho HS lp nhn xt
v hon chnh bi
bng
- GV nhn xt v hon
chnh cui cng
- Mt HS c bi
- t d nh i c qung
ng AB vi vn tc 48km/h
Thc t : - 1gi u vi 48km/h
- b tu ho chn 10 = 1/6h
- i on cn li vi vtc
48+6(km/h)
- Mt HS in ln bng
v(km/h) t(h) s(km)
Dnh 48 x/48 x
1gi 48 1 48
cn li 54 (x-48)/54 x -48
Gi x (km) l qung ng
AB. k : x > 48
on ng i 1gi u : 48km
on ng cn li : x -48
(km)
Thi gian d nh i: x/48 (h)
Thi gian i on ng cn
li: (x 48)/54. Thi gian thc
t i c qng AB l:
(x 48)/54 + 1 + 1/6 (h)
Ta c phng trnh :

1
6
1
54
48
48
+ +
x x
9x = 8x 384 + 504
x = 120 (nhn)
Vy qng AB di 120 km
hp tc theo nhm lp phng
trnh v gii
- i din nhm trnh by bi
gii bng.
- HS cc nhm khc nhn xt
- HS i chiu, sa cha, b
sung bi gii ca mnh
Bi 47 trang 31 SGK
B An gi vo qu tit
Bi 47 trang 31 SGK
- Nu bi tp 47 (sgk) - HS c bi
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
141
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
km x nghn ng vi
li xut mi thng l a
% (a l mt s cho
trc) v li thng
ny c tnh gp vo
vn thng sau.
a) Hy vit biu thc
biu th :
+ S tin li sau thng
th nht
+ S tin (c gc ln
li) c c sau thng
th nht
+ Tng s tin li c
c sau thng th
hai
b) Nu li sut l
1,2% (tc a=1,2) v
sau hai thng tng s
tin li l 48,288
nghn ng, th lc
u b An gi bao
nhiu tin tit kim ?
- Nu gi vo qu tit
kim x (nghn ng) v
li sut a% th s tin li
sau thng th nht l
bao nhiu ?
- S tin (c li ln gc)
sau thng th nht ?
- Ly s tin lm gc
th s tin li thng th
hai ?
- Tng s tin li c 2
thng ?
- Yu cu cu b ?
- Nu li sut l 1,2% v
tng s tin li sau 2
thng l 48,288 ta c
th lp c pt nh th
no ?
- GV hng dn HS thu
gn phng trnh . Sau
gi HS ln bng tip
tc hon chnh bi gii.
- Cho HS lp nhn xt
bng
- Sau 1 thng, s tin li l a%x
(nghn ng)
a) + Sau 1 thng, s tin li l a
%x (nghn ng)
+ S tin c gc ln li sau
thng th nht l a%x + x = x(a
% +1) (nghn ng)
+ Tin li ca thng th hai l
a%(a% +1)x (nghn ng)
+ Tng s tin li ca c hai
thng l:
x
a a
x
a
,
_
+ + 1
100 100 100

hay
x
a a
,
_
+2
100 100
(nghn ng)
b) Vi a = 1,2 ta c phng
trnh :
x
,
_
+2
100
2 , 1
100
2 , 1
= 48,288

x
100
2 , 201
.
100
2 , 1
= 48,288
241,44.x = 482880
x = 2000
Vy s tin b An gi lc u l
2000(nghn ng)
- HS nhn xt bi lm bng
- Cho HS nhc li cc
bc gii bi ton bng
cch lp ptrnh
- GV nhn mnh cn
thc hin tt 2 bc 1
v 4
- HS ghi nh
Hot ng 4 : Dn d (2)
- Xem li, hon chnh
cc bi gii.
- Tr li cc cu hi n
tp chng (sgk trang
32, 33)
v
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
142
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
- Xem trc cc bi tp
n chng.
V. NHN XT:
Ngy son: 25/ 02/ 2012.
Tit 55: n tp chng III.
i. Mc tiu.
- Gip HS ti hin li cc kin thc hc.
- Cng c v nng cao cc k nng gii phng trnh mt n.
- Cng c v nng cao cc k nng gii ton bng cch lp phng
trnh.
ii. chun b.
- HS: Lm cc BT phn n tp chng.
1/ Nu cc bc gii bi
ton bng cch lp
phng trnh (4)
2/ Bi ton : Tng ca 2
s bng 80, hiu ca
chng bng 14. Tm hai
s ? (6)
- Gi 1 HS ln bng tr
bi v phn gii ton.
- C lp lm vo v
- Kim v bi lm nh
ca HS
- Cho HS lp nhn xt
bng
- GV nh gi v cho
im
- Mt HS ln bng tr li,
trnh by bi gii
Gi x l s b. S ln l x
+ 14
Ta c phng trnh :
x + (x+14) = 80
Gii phng trnh c x =
33
Tli: S b l 33; S ln l
33+ 14 = 47.
- Nhn xt bi lm bng.
- HS sa bi vo tp
Hot ng 2 : n tp (34)
Kin thc: - Gip HS ti hin li cc kin thc hc.
K nng : - Cng c v nng cao cc k nng gii phng trnh
mt n.
- Cng c v nng cao cc k nng gii ton bng cch
lp phng trnh.
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
143
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
Bi 54 trang 31 SGK
Ca n v(km/h
)
t(h) s(km)
Xui
Ng
c
Gii
Gi x (km) l khong
cch AB. k : x > 0
Thi gian xui dng l
4(h)
Vtc ca n xui dng l
x/4
Thi gian ngc dng :
5(h). Vn tc ca n
ngc dng l x/5
(km/h)
Vtc dng nc l
2(km/h)
Ta c phng trnh:

2 . 2
5 4

x x
5x 4x = 4.20
x = 80
x = 80 tho mn k
ca n. Vy khong
cch AB l80 km
Bi 54 trang 31 SGK
- a bi ln bng
ph.
- Gi HS c bi.
- Hng dn HS lp bng
phn tch :
- Trong bi ton ca n i
(xui v ngc dng) nh
th no ?
- Yu cu HS in vo
cc
trong bng
- Chn n s ? iu kin
ca x ?
- Lp phng trnh v gii
?
(cho HS thc hin theo
nhm)
- Gi i din ca 2 nhm
bt k trnh by bi gii
(bng ph) bng.
- Cho HS lp nhn xt v
hon chnh bi bng
- GV nhn xt v hon
chnh cui cng
- Mt HS c to bi
(sgk)
- Ca n xui dng 4(h),
ngc dng 5(h)
- Mt HS in ln bng
v(km/h) t(h) s(km)
Xui x/4 4 x
Ng
c
x/5 5 x
- HS hp tc theo nhm lp
phng trnh v gii
- i din nhm trnh by
bi gii bng.
- HS cc nhm khc nhn
xt
- HS i chiu, sa cha,
b sung bi gii ca mnh
Bi tp (tt)
Mt mt i t A n
B vi vn tc 30km/h.
Lc v i vi vn tc
24km/h, do thi gian
v lu hn tgian i l
30. Tnh qung ng
AB.
Gii
Gi x (km) l qung
ng AB. k : x > 0
Thi gian i l x/30 (h)
Thi gian v l x/24(h).
Tgian v hn tg i
30= (h)
- a bi ln bng
ph.
- Gi HS c bi.
- Hdn HS lp bng phn
tch
- Yu cu HS in vo
cc
trong bng
- Chn n s ? iu kin
ca x?
- Lp phng trnh v gii
?
(cho HS thc hin trn
phiu hc tp)
- Thu v chm im mt
- Mt HS c bi (sgk)
- Mt chuyn ng: mt.
- Hai trng hp : i v v.
- Mt HS in ln bng
v(km/h) t(h) s(km)
i 30 x/30 x
V 24 x/24 x
- HS lm bi trn phiu hc
tp (2HS lm trn bng
ph)
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
144
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
Ta c phng trnh :

2
1
30 24

x x
5x 4x = 120 x
= 120
x = 120 tho mn
Vy qng AB di
120 km
vi phiu ca HS.
- Gi 2 HS gii bng
ph trnh by bi gii
(bng ph) bng.
- Cho HS lp nhn xt v
hon chnh bi bng
- GV nhn xt v hon
chnh cui cng. nh gi
cho im.
- Hai HS trnh by bi gii
bng.
bn bng ph.
- HS i chiu, sa cha,
b sung bi gii ca mnh
Bi tp (tt)
Lp 8A c 40 HS.
Trong mt bui lao
ng, lp c chia
thnh 2 nhm : Nhm I
lm c, nhm II qut
dn. Do yu cu cng
vic, nhm I nhiu hn
nhm II l 8 ngi. Hi
mi nhm c bao nhiu
HS ?
- Yu cu HS c v tm
tt
- Nu gi x l s HS ca
nhm I th iu kin ca x
l g?
- GV chm bi 5 HS gii
nhanh nht v 5 HS bt
k.
- Cho HS c bi gii ng
trnh bi nhanh bi gii.
- HS c bi, tm tt:
Nhm I + Nhm II = 40
Nhm I Nhm II = 8
Tli: x nguyn, 8 < x < 40
- HS lm vic c nhn, t
gii vo v
- i chiu kt qu, t sa
sai (nu c)
Hot ng 3 : Dn d (1)
- Xem (hoc gii) li,
hon chnh cc bi
gii.
- n tp k l thuyt ca
chng III . Chun b lm
bi kim tra 1 tit
vo v
V. NHN XT:
Ngy son: 01/ 03/ 2012.
Tit 56: Kim tra mt tit.
i. Mc tiu.
Kim tra vic tip thu kin thc ca HS trong chng III v k
nng gii ton ca cc em c s nh gi chnh xc v c s
iu chnh ph hp trong dy hc tip theo
ii. ma trn kim tra.
Nhn bit Thng
hiu
Vn dng Tng
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
145
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
TN TL TN TL TN TL
C
u
i
m
Pt bc nht
mt n
Nghim ca
pt,
pt tng ng
1.0

1
1.0

1

2
2.0
Pt a c v
dng
ax+b=0
Pt tch
1.0

1
1.0

1
1.0

1

3
3.0
kx ca pt
Pt cha n
mu
1.0

1
1.5

1

2
2.5
Gii bi ton
bng cch lp
pt
2.5

1

1
2.5
2.0 3.0 5.0 10
iii. kim tra:
A. phn trc nghim (4 im)
Khoanh trn vo ch ci ng trc cu tr li ng trong cc cu
sau
1.Trong cc phng trnh sau th phng trnh bc nht mt n l:
A.
x
2
- 1 =0 B. (x-1)(x+3)=0 C. -5x+3 =0 D. 0x
+5 = 0
2. Phng trnh 2x + 1 = -5 c nghim l:
A. 2 B. -5 C. 3 D. -3
3. Tp nghim ca phng trnh x(x+3)(x
2
+1) = 0 l
A.
{ } 0
B.
{ } 3 ; 0
C.
{ } 1 ; 0
D
{ } 3 ; 1
4. KX ca phng trnh
) 3 ).( 1 (
4
1
3
5 2
1
1 3
+

+
+
x x x
x
x
x
l
A. x 1;x -3 B.x -1; x 3 C. x -1; x -3 D.x 1 ; x 3
B. Phn t lun (6 im)
I . Gii cc phng trnh sau
1. 5x 4 =2x + 11
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
146
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
2. 3x
2
5x = 0
3.
) 3 ).( 1 (
4
1
3
5 2
1
1 3
+

+
+
x x x
x
x
x
II. Nm nay tui b gp 10 ln tui ca Minh. B Minh tnh rng
sau 24 nm na th tui ca b ch gp 2 ln tui ca Minh.
Hi nm nay Minh bao nhiu tui
iV. p n:
A. Trc nghim (4 im) Mi ng cho 1 im.
1 2 3 4
C D B A
B. T lun (6 im)
I. Gii cc pt:
1. x =5 (1.0 im)
2. x = 0 ; x =5/3 (1.0 im)
3. 1.5 im KX : x 1 v x -3

) 3 )( 1 (
4 ) 3 )( 1 (
) 3 )( 1 (
) 1 )( 5 2 ( ) 3 )( 1 3 (
+
+
+
+ +
x x
x x
x x
x x x x
3 3 5 5 2 2 3 9 3
2 2 2
+ + + + x x x x x x x x x - 4
.
3x = - 9
x = - 3 Khng TMK (loi )
Vy pt v nghim
II. (2.5 im)
Gi tui ca Minh hin nay l x ( x N) (0.25)
th tui ca b Minh hin nay l 10x
sau 24 nm na tui ca Minh l x+24
sau 24 nm na tui ca b Minh l 10x+24
theo bi ra ta c pt 2(x+24) = 10x+24 (1.0)
..........
8x = 24
x = 3 ( TMK) (0.75)
vy tui Minh hin nay l 3 tui (0.5)
V. Rt kinh nghim.
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
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Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
147
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
......................................................................................................
Ngy son: 04/ 03/ 2012.
Chng iV. Bt phng trnh bc nht mt n
Tit 57: 1. Lin h gia th t v php cng.
I/ MC TIU :
- Hiu th no l mt bt ng thc.
- Pht hin tnh cht lin h gia th t ca php cng.
- Bit s dng tnh cht lin h gia th t ca php cng gii mt s bi tp n
gin.
II/ CHUN B :
- GV : Thc, bng ph (hnh ?2)
- HS : Nghin cu bi trc nh.
- Phng php : m thoi Trc quan.
III/ HOT NG DY V HC :
NI DUNG HOT NG CA
GV
HOT NG CA HS
Hot ng 1 : Gii thiu chng (2)
- GV gii thiu s lc ni
dung chng IV, gm:
- Lin h gia th t & php
cng
- Lin h gia th t & php
nhn
- Bt phng trnh mt n.
- Bt phtrnh bc nht mt n
- Phng trnh cha du gi tr
tuyt i.
- HS nghe gii thiu, ghi ta
bi.
Hot ng 2 : Th t trn tp s (12)
Kin thc: - Nhc li th t trn tp s.
K nng : - K nng biu din cc s trn trc s.
1/ Nhc li th t trn
tp hp s :
So snh 2 s a v b, ta
c:
- Hoc a = b
- Hoc a > b
- Hoc a .
- Hi khi so snh 2 s a v b
c nhng trng hp xy ra ?
- HS ng ti ch pht biu, so
snh.

- Tr li : 3 trng hp a = b; a
 b
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
148
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
Biu din cc s 1; 0 ;
-2,5;
5
; 2 trn trc s:

5
-2 -1 0 2
Khi a ln hn hoc bng
b, ta c: a b
V d: x
2
0 vi mi x
Khi a nh hn hoc bng
b, ta c: a b
V d : -y
2
0 vi mi y
- V ln bng trc s v im
biu din s 0
- Ni : khi biu din cc s
thc trn trc s th im biu
din s nh hn bn tri
im biu din s ln hn.
- Gi HS biu din cc s 2,
5; -1; 2
- Nu ?1 gi HS thc hin
- Gii thhiu cch ni gn v
cc k hiu ; v cho v d
minh ho.
- HS v trc s vo v (mt HS
thc hin bng)
- HS biu din cc s trn trc
s
- Tr li ?1
- Ch nghe, ghi bi
Hot ng 3 : Bt ng thc (5)
Kin thc: - Hiu th no l mt bt ng thc.
K nng : - Bit ly v d v bt ng thc.
2/ Bt ng thc :
Ta gi h thc dng a b, a b, a b)
l cc bt ng thc,
trong a l v tri, b l
v phi
V d : (sgk)
- GV gii thiu nh sgk
- Hy ly v d v bt ng
thc v ch ra v tri, v phi
ca bt ng thc .
- HS nghe GV trnh by.
- HS ly v d v bt ng thc
Chng hn 1 < 3.
x + 3 > x
Ri ch ra v tri, v phi ca
bt ng thc
Hot ng 4 : Th t v php cng (18)
Kin thc: - Pht hin tnh cht lin h gia th t ca php cng.
K nng : - Bit s dng tnh cht lin h gia th t ca php cng gii mt s bi
tp n gin.
3/ Lin h gia th t
v php cng :
* Tnh cht:
Vi ba s a, b v c, ta c:
- Nu a < b th a + c < b
+ c ; nu a b th a + c
- Cho bit bt biu din mi
quan h gia (-4) v 2 ?
- Khi cng 3 vo c 2v ca
bt , ta c bt no?
- GV treo hnh v 36 sgk ln
bng
-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5
-4+3 2+3
-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5
- Ni : Hnh v ny minh ho
cho kt qu: Khi cng 3 vo c
hai v ca bt 4 < 2 ta c
bt 1< 5 cng chiu vi bt
cho
- Yu cu HS lm ?2
- HS : 4 < 2
- HS : 4 + 3 < 2 + 3
Hay 1 < 5
- Quan st hnh theo hng dn
ca GV
- c, suy ngh v tr li ?2
a) c bt 4 + (-3) < 2 + (-
3)
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
149
. .
. . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
b + c.
- Nu a > b th a + c > b
+ c ; nu a b th a + c
b + c.
Khi cng cng mt s
vo c hai v ca mt bt
ng thc ta c bt
ng thc mi cng
chiu vi bt ng thc
cho
V d : (sgk)
Lu : (sgk)
- GV gii thiu tnh cht v
ghi bng
Hy pht biu thnh li tnh
cht trn?
GV cho HS xem v d 2 ri
lm ?3 v ?4
Gi hai HS ln bng
- GV nu lu nh sgk
b) c bt 4 + c < 2 + c
- HS pht biu
- HS khc nhc li v ghi bi
- HS c v d v lm ?3 , ?4
- Hai HS lm bng
?3 C 2004 > - 2005
-2004+(-777) > -2005+(-
777)
?4 C 2 < 3
2 +2 < 3 +2 hay 2 +2 < 5
- HS nghe, ghi bi
Kin thc: - Tnh cht lin h gia th t ca php cng.
K nng : - Bit s dng tnh cht lin h gia th t ca php cng gii mt s bi
tp n gin.
Bi 1 trang 37 SGK
Bi 2 trang 37 SGK
Bi 1 trang 37 SGK
- a bi tp 1 ln bng ph,
yu cu HS c v tr li.
Bi 2 trang 37 SGK
- Nu bi tp 2 cho HS thc
hin
- HS tr li ming :
a) Sai v 2 + 3 = -1 < 2
b) ng v 2.(-3) = -6
- HS ln lt thc hin :
a) C a < b a + 1 < b + 1

Hot ng 6 : Dn d (1)
- Hc bi: Nm vng tnh cht
lin h gia th t v php
cng.
- Lm bi tp : 1(cd); 3 sgk
trang 37
iV. nh gi, iu chnh:
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......................................................................................................
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Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
150
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
Ngy son: 07/ 03/ 2012.
Tit 58: 2. Lin h gia th t v php nhn.
I/ MC TIU :
- HS nm c tnh cht lin h gia th t v php nhn (vi s dng v s m)
dng bt ng thc, tnh cht bc cu ca th t.
- Bit s dng tnh cht lin h gia th t v php nhn, tnh cht bc cu
chng minh ng thc hoc so snh cc s.
II/ CHUN B :
- GV : Thc, bng ph (hnh v minh ho mc 1, 2)
- HS : Hc bi c; nghin cu bi trc nh.
- Phng php : m thoi Trc quan.
III/ HOT NG DY V HC :
NI DUNG HOT NG CA
GV
HOT NG CA HS
1/ Pht biu tnh cht lin
h gia th t v php
cng(4)
2/ t du <, >, ,
vo trng cho thch
hp: (6)
a) 12 + (-8) 9 + (-8)
b) 13 19 15 19
c) (-4)
2
+ 7 16 + 7
d) 45
2
+ 12 450 + 12
- Treo bng ph, nu yu cu
cu hi.
- Gi mt HS
- Kim v bi lm nh ca
HS
- Kim bi lm cu 2 mt vi
HS
- Cho HS nhn xt bng.
- nh gi, cho im
- Mt HS ln bng tr bi, c
lp lm vo v cu 2.
a) 12 + (-8) > 9 + (-8)
b) 13 19 < 15 19
c) (-4)
2
+ 7 16 + 7 (hoc )
d) 45
2
+ 12 > 450 + 12
- Nhn xt bng.
2. LIN H GIA
TH T V PHP
NHN
- Bt ng thc (-2).c < 3.c
lun lun xy ra vi s c bt
k hay khng ? bit c
iu chng ta vo bi hc
- HS ch nghe v ghi ta bi
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
151
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
hm nay
Hot ng 3 : Th t v php nhn vi s dng (12)
Kin thc: - HS nm c tnh cht lin h gia th t v php nhn vi s dng
dng bt ng thc.
K nng : - Bit s dng tnh cht lin h gia th t v php nhn chng minh
ng thc hoc so snh cc s.
1/ Lin h gia th t
v php nhn vi s
dng :
* Tnh cht:
Vi ba s a, b v c, m c
>0:
- Nu a b th ac > bc ;
nu a b th ac bc.
Khi nhn vo c hai v
ca mt bt ng thc
vi cng mt s ta c
bt ng thc mi cng
chiu vi bt ng thc
cho
Vd:
-2 < 3 (-2).2 < 3.2
- Cho bit bt biu din mi
qh gia (-2) v 3 ?
- Khi nhn c 2v ca bt
vi 2 ta c bt no?
- Nhn xt v chiu ca 2 bt?
- GV treo hnh v minh ho
ln bng
cho kt qu: Khi nhn 2 vo
c hai v ca bt 2 < 3
- Yu cu HS lm ?1
ghi bng
- Hy pht biu thnh li tnh
cht trn ?
- GV cho HS xem vdu. Cho
HS lm ?2. Gi hai HS ln
bng
- HS : 2 < 3
- HS : 2.2 < 3.2
Hay 4 < 6
Hai bt cng chiu
ca GV
a) c bt 10182 < 15273
b) c bt 2c < 3c
- HS pht biu
- HS c vd v lm ?2
- Hai HS lm bng
a) (-15,2).3,5 < (-15,08).3,5
b) 4,15. 2,2 > (-5,3). 2,2
- HS nghe, ghi bi
Hot ng 4 : Th t v php nhn vi s m (13)
Kin thc: - HS nm c tnh cht lin h gia th t v php nhn vi s m
dng bt ng thc.
K nng : - Bit s dng tnh cht lin h gia th t v php nhn chng minh ng
thc hoc so snh cc s.
2/ Lin h gia th t
v php nhn vi s
m :
* Tnh cht:
Vi ba s a, b v c, m
c< 0:
- Nu a bc ;
- C bt ng thc 2 < 3. Khi
nhn c 2 v ca bt vi (-
2) ta c bt no ?
- Nhn xt v chiu ca 2 bt?
- GV treo hnh v minh
cho kt qu: Khi nhn (-2) vo
c hai v ca bt 2 < 3
- Yu cu HS lm ?3
- HS : T 2 < 3, nhn hai v
vi (-2) c (-2).2 > 3.(-2) v
4>-6
- Hai bt ngc chiu.
ca
a. c bt (-2)(-345) >3(-
345)
b) c bt 2c > 3c vi c < 0
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
152
.
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
nu a b th ac bc.
- Nu a > b th ac < bc ;
nu a b th ac bc.
Khi nhn vo c hai v
ca mt bt ng thc
vi cng mt s ta c
bt ng thc mi ngc
chiu vi bt ng thc
cho
V d :
-2 < 3 (-2)(-2) > 3.(-2)
ghi bng
- Hy pht biu thnh li tnh
cht trn ?
- GV gi HS cho v d
- Cho HS lm ?4, ?5
- Gi hai HS ln bng
- GV lu : nhn hai v ca
bt vi 1/4 cng c ngha l
chia 2 v ca bt vi 4
- HS pht biu
- HS cho vd
- HS lm?4, ?5 hai HS lm
bng
?4 : -4a > -4b a 0
- Bt i chiu nu c < 0
Hot ng 5 : Tnh cht bc cu (5)
Kin thc: - HS nm c tnh cht bc cu ca th t.
K nng : - Bit s dng tnh cht bc cu chng minh ng thc hoc so snh cc
s.
3/ Tnh cht bc cu :
Vi 3 s a, b, c nu a < b
v b < c th a < c
V d: (sgk)
- Vi 3 s a, b, c nu a< b v b
< c th c kt lun g ?
l tnh cht bc cu ca
th t nh hn, tng t cc
th t ln hn, nh hn hoc
bng, ln hn hoc bng cng
c tnh cht bc cu.
- HS tr li: th a < c
- HS nu tnh cht tnh t
- c v d sgk
Kin thc: - HS nm c tnh cht lin h gia th t v php nhn (vi s dng v
s m) dng bt ng thc, tnh cht bc cu ca th t.
K nng : - Bit s dng tnh cht lin h gia th t v php nhn, tnh cht bc cu
chng minh ng thc hoc so snh cc s.
Bi 5 trang 39 SGK
Bi 6 trang 39 SGK
Bi 5 trang 39 SGK
- a bi tp 5 ln bng ph,
yu cu HS c v tr li.
Bi 6 trang 39 SGK
- Nu bi tp 6 cho HS thc
hin
- HS tr li ming :
c) ng v 6 < -5 v 5>0
d) Sai v 6< -5 v 3 < 0
- HS thc hin :
C a -b (nhn vi 1)
2a < a + b (cng 2 v vi a)
Hot ng 7 : Dn d (1)
- Hc bi : Nm vng 2 tnh
cht lin h gia th t v
php nhn va hc.
- Lm bi tp : 7, 8, 9 sgk
- HS nghe dn
- Ghi ch vo v bi tp
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
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Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
trang 40
iV. nh gi, iu chnh:
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......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
Ngy son: 12/ 03/ 2012.
Tit 59: luyn tp.
i. Mc tiu.
- Cng c cc tnh cht lin h gia th t v php cng, lin h
gia th t v php nhn, tnh cht bc cu ca th t.
- Vn dng, phi hp cc tnh cht ca th t gii cc bi tp v
bt ng thc
ii. chun b.
GV: Bng ph, thc
HS : - Thc;
- n cc tnh cht ca bt ng thc.
NI DUNG HOT NG CA
GV
HOT NG CA HS
1. Pht biu thnh li - Treo bng ph a ra - Mt HS ln bng lm bi, c
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
154
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
tnh cht lin h gia
th t v php nhn (vi
s dng, vi s m)
2. Sa bi 6 tr 39 sgk:
Cho a< b, hy so snh
2a v 2b; 2a v a + b; a
v b
kim tra . Gi HS ln bng
- Kim tra v bi tp vi HS
v bi lm bng
- nh gi cho im
lp lm vo v bi tp 6:
C a b (nhn 2 v vi 1)
- Nhn xt bi lm trn bng
- T sa sai (nu c)
Kin thc: - Cng c cc tnh cht lin h gia th t v php cng,
lin h gia th t v php nhn, tnh cht bc cu ca th t.
K nng : - Vn dng, phi hp cc tnh cht ca th t gii cc bi tp
v bt ng thc
Bi 10 trang 40 SGK
a) So snh (-2).3 v -4,5
b) T kt qu cu a) hy
suy ra cc bt sau :
(-2).30 < 45
(-2).3 + 4,5 < 0
Bi 10 trang 40 SGK
- a bi tp 10 ln bng
ph.
- Gi 1 HS ln bng gii
- Theo di HS lm bi
- GV kim v bi lm vi em
- Cho HS khc nhn xt
- Gii thch li tng trng
hp.
- HS ln bng gii, c lp lm
vo v
a) (-2).3 = -6 nn (-2).3 < -4,5
b) Nhn 2 v ca bt trn vi 10
c: (-2).30 < 45
Cng vo 2 v bt a) vi 4,5
c: (-2).3 + 4,5 < 0
- C lp nhn xt; t sa bi
Bi 11 trang 40 SGK
Cho a < b chng minh:
a) 3a + 1 < 3b + 1
b) 2a 5 < 2b 5
Bi 11 trang 40 SGK
- a bi tp 11 ln bng
ph.
- Gi 1 HS ln bng gii
- Theo di HS lm bi
- GV kim v bi lm vi em
- Cho HS khc nhn xt
hp
- HS ln bng gii, c lp lm
vo v
a) T a -2b
Cng 5 vo 2v bt c:
-2a 5 > -2b 5
Bi 12 trang 40 SGK
Chng minh:
a) 4.(-2) +14 < 4.(-1)
+14
b) (-3).2 + 5 < (-3).(-5)
+ 5
Bi 12 trang 40 SGK
- Ghi bi tp 12 ln bng
- Gi HS hp tc gii theo
nhm
- Theo di HS lm bi
- Cho cc nhm cng dy gii 1
bi a (hoc b)
a) C 2 < -1 4.(-2) < 4.(-1)
(nhn 2v vi 4 v 4 > 0 )
cng 14 vo 2 v c:
4.(-2) +14 < 4.(-1) +14
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
155
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
- Cho i din nhm trnh by
(GV kim v bi lm vi em)
- Cho HS khc nhn xt
hp.
b) C 2 > -5. Nhn 2v vi 3
(3 < 0) (-3).2 < (-3).(-5)
Cng 5 vo 2 v:
(-3).2 + 5 < (-3).(-5) + 5
Bi 13 trang 40 SGK
So snh a v b nu :
a) a + 5 -3b
c) 5a 6 5b 6
d) 2a + 3 -2b + 3
Bi 13 trang 40 SGK
- a bi tp 13 ln bng
ph, cho HS c yu cu ca
.
- Gi HS tr li tng cu.
- Cho HS khc nhn xt, hon
chnh.
- HS tr li ming:
a) a +5 < b+5 a< b (cg 2v
5)
b) a< b (chia 2v vi 3)
c) a b (cg 6, chia 5)
d) a b (cg 3, chia 2)
- Cho HS nhc li cc tnh
cht ca th t v php cng,
tnh cht ca th t v php
nhn
- HS nhc li cc tnh cht ca
th t v php cng, tnh cht
ca th t v php nhn theo
yu cu ca GV.
Hot ng 4 : Dn d (1)
- Xem li cc bi gii.
- Lm bi tp : 14 sgk trang
40.
- Xem trc
3. BT PHNG TRNH
MT N.
- HS nghe dn
- Ghi ch vo v bi tp
iV. nh gi, iu chnh:
......................................................................................................
Ngy son: 16/ 03/ 2012.
Tit 60: 3. bt phng trnh mt n.
i. Mc tiu.
- HS c gii thiu v bt phng trnh mt n, bit kim tra mt
s c l nghim ca bt phng trnh mt n hay khng
- Bit vit di dng k hiu v biu din trn trc s tp nghim
ca cc bt phng trnh dng x <a; x >a; x a ; x a
ii. chun b.
GV: Bng ph, thc.
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
156
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
HS : Thc.
NI DUNG
HOT NG
CA GV
HOT NG CA HS
BT: Cho a <b Hy
so snh
2a +1 v 2b +1
2a +1 v 2b+3
GV: cha bi tp
14/40 sgk
GV gi HS nhn
xt v cho im
HS :
V 2a +1 < 2b +1
m 2b + 1 < 2b +3
nn 2a +1 < 2b + 3
Hot ng 2 : M u (15)
Kin thc: - HS c gii thiu v bt phng trnh mt n,
bit kim tra mt s c l nghim ca bt phng trnh mt
n hay khng
K nng : - Hiu v ly c cc v d v bpt mt n.
1. M u (sgk)
H thc
2200x + 4000
25000 * c gi
l mt bt phng
trnh mt n, vi
n l x.
?1 a)
V tri x
2
V phi : 6x
- 5
b) Thay x = 3 vo
bt phng trnh
VT: 9
VP: 18 - 5 = 13
=> x = 3 l mt
nghim ca bpt
Thay x = 4 vo
bt phng trnh
GV: Nghin cu v
d bng ph.
Nu gi s v Nam
mua l x th x
tho mn h thc
no?
- GVgii thiu v
tri, v phi ca
bpt
+ Hy cho bit v
tri, v phi ca
bt phng trnh
x
2
6x -5?
+ Chng t 3,4,5 l
nghim cn 6
khng l nghim
bt phng trnh
HS c vd
?1 a)
HS : V tri x
2
V phi : 6x - 5
b) Thay x = 3 vo bt
phng trnh
VT: 9
VP: 18 - 5 = 13
=> x = 3 l mt
nghim ca bpt
Thay x = 4 vo bt
phng trnh
VT = 16
Vp = 19
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
157
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
VT = 16
Vp = 19
=> x = 4 l mt
nghim ca bpt
Thay x = 5 vo
bt phng trnh
VT = 25
VP = 25
=> x = 5 l mt
nghim ca bpt
Thay x = 6 vo
bt phng trnh
36 >31 khng
tho mn bt ph-
ng trnh.
=> x = 6 khng
l nghim ca bt
phng trnh
GV t chc cho HS
hot ng c nhn
t pht sau
ng ti ch tr li
=> x = 4 l mt
nghim ca bpt
Thay x = 5 vo bt
phng trnh
VT = 25
VP = 25
=> x = 5 l mt
nghim ca bpt
Thay x = 6 vo bt
phng trnh
36 >31 khng tho
mn bt phng trnh.
=> x = 6 khng l
nghim ca bt ph-
ng trnh
Hot ng 3 : Tp nghim ca bt phng trnh (22)
Kin thc: - Bit vit di dng k hiu v biu din trn trc
s tp nghim ca cc bt phng trnh dng x <a; x >a; x a
; x a
K nng : - Hiu v vit c tp nghim ca bpt mt n.
- Biu din c tp nghim trn trc s.
2. Tp nghim
ca bt ph ng
trnh
V d 1: x > 3
GV: Tp nghim
ca bt phng
trnh l g?
GV: Gii bt ph-
ng trnh l tm
tp nghim
+ Xt vd 1: Tp
nghim ca bt
phng trnh x
HS: l tp hp cc
nghim ca bt ph-
ng trnh
HS : Theo di vd 1
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
158
0
3
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
?2 sgk /42
>3 l tp cc s ln
hn 3, gii thiu
vic biu din tp
nghim?
HS : VT: x; VP: 3
HS Trnh by phn
ghi bng
Hot ng 4 : Dn d (1)
- Hc bi: nm vng nh
ngha bpt bc nht mt
n; hai qui tc bin i
bpt .
- Lm cc bi tp sgk:
19, 20, 21 (trang 47)
- HS nghe dn
Ghi ch vo v
iV. nh gi, iu chnh:
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
159
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
Ngy son: 19/ 03/ 2012.
Tit 61: 3. bt phng trnh mt n. (tip)
i. Mc tiu.
- HS c gii thiu v bt phng trnh mt n, bit kim tra mt
s c l nghim ca bt phng trnh mt n hay khng
- Bit vit di dng k hiu v biu din trn trc s tp nghim
ca cc bt phng trnh dng x <a; x >a; x a ; x a
ii. chun b.
GV: Bng ph, thc.
HS : Thc.
NI DUNG
HOT NG
CA GV
HOT NG CA HS
BT: Vit v biu
din tp nghim
ca bpt:
x < 4
GV gi HS nhn
xt v cho im
HS tr li v trnh
by trn bng.

Hot ng 2 : Tp nghim ca bt phng trnh (20)
Kin thc: - Bit vit di dng k hiu v biu din trn trc
s tp nghim ca cc bt phng trnh dng x <a; x >a; x a
; x a
K nng : - Hiu v vit c tp nghim ca bpt mt n.
- Biu din c tp nghim trn trc s.
V d 2: Biu
din
x/x 7
+ Lm ?2
+ 2 em ln bng
lm ?2?
V d 2: Biu din
x/x 7
HS Trnh by phn
ghi bng
HS : V trc s, sau
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
160
0
7

7
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
?3 Vit v biu
din tp nghim
ca bt phng
trnh : x -2
?4 Vit v biu
din tp nghim
ca bt phng
trnh x < 4
+ Tng t biu
din tp nghim
bt phng trnh :
x7?
Nhn xt bi lm
ca tng bn?
+ Cht li phng
php biu din
nghim bt ph-
ng trnh
Hot ng nhm ?
4
a ra p n
cc nhm t kim
tra bi.
biu din tp nghim
trn trc s
HS nhn xt
HS hot ng theo
nhm
HS t cha bi
Hot ng 3 : Bt phng trnh tng ng (16)
Kin thc: - HS c gii thiu v bt phng trnh tng -
ng.
K nng : - Hiu v ly c cc v d v bpt tng ng..
3. Bt ph ng
trnh t ng -
ng
f (x) <=> f(x) khi
chng cng tp
nghim
v d 3:
3<x <=> x >3
GV: Nghin cu
sgk v cho bit
th no l 2 bt
phng trnh tng
ng?
Cho vd v 2 bt
phng trnh tng
ng?
HS: 2 bt phng
trnh c gi l tng
ng khi chng cng
1 tp nghim
f (x) <=> f(x) khi
chng cng tp
nghim
v d 3:
3<x <=> x >3
HS : cho 2 bt phng
trnh
x - 3 >1 (1) x >4 (2)
Bt phng trnh (1)
<=> bt phng trnh
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
161
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
(2) v chng c tp
nghim x > 4
Hot ng 4 : Dn d (2)
- Hc bi: nm vng nh
ngha bpt bc nht mt
n; hai qui tc bin i
bpt .
- Lm cc bi tp sgk:
19, 20, 21 (trang 47)
- HS nghe dn
Ghi ch vo v
iV. nh gi, iu chnh:
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
Ngy son: 22/ 03/ 2012.
Tit 62: 4. bt phng trnh bc nht mt n.
I/ MC TIU :
- HS nhn bit c bt phng trnh bc nht mt n.
- Bit p dng tng quy tc bin i bt phng trnh gii cc bt phng trnh
n gin.
- Bit s dng cc qui tc bin i bt phtrnh gii thch s tng ng ca bt
phtrnh.
II/ CHUN B :
- GV : Thc c chia khong; bng ph (ghi cu hi, bi tp v hai quy tc bin i
bt ptrnh)
- HS : n tp cc tnh cht ca bt, hai qui tc bin i bpt; bng ph nhm, bt
d.
- Phng php : Trc quan m thoi.
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
162
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
III/ HOT NG DY HC :
NI DUNG
HOT NG
CA GV
HOT NG CA HS
Vit v biu din tp
nghim trn trc s ca
mi bt phng trnh
sau:
a) x < 4 .
b) x 1
- Treo bng ph, nu yu
cu kim tra.
- Gi mt HS ln bng.
- Gi HS lp nhn xt
- GV nh gi, cho im.
- Mt HS ln bng tr bi, c
lp theo di, lm bi vo
nhp :
a) Tp nghim { x / x < 4}
) / / / / / / / / / /
/
0 4
b) Tp nghim {x / x 1}
/ / / / / / / [
0 1
Hot ng 2 : nh ngha (7)
Kin thc: - HS nhn bit c bt phng trnh bc nht mt n.
K nng : - Hiu v vit c v d v bpt bc nht mt n.
1/ nh ngha :
(sgk trang 43)
Vd: a) 2x 3 < 0
b) 5x 15 0
l nhng bt phng
trnh bc nht mt n.
- Hy nhc li ptrnh bc
nht mt n nh .
- Tng t hy nh
ngha bt pt bc nht mt
n?
- GV un nn cho chnh
xc v cho HS lp li.
- Nu ?1 yu cu HS xc
nh bpt v h s a, b ca
mi bptrnh.
- HS nhc li nh nghi ptr
bc nht mt n.
- HS pht biu nh ngha
bt pt bc nht mt n.
- Hai HS pht biu lp li.
- HS lm ?1. Tr li ming
(gii thch r mi trng
hp).
Hot ng 3 : Hai qui tc bin i bt phng trnh (19)
Kin thc: - HS nm c tng quy tc bin i bt phng trnh gii
cc bt phng trnh n gin.
K nng : - Bit p dng tng quy tc bin i bt phng trnh gii cc
bt phng trnh n gin.
2/ Hai qui tc bin
i bt phng trnh
:
a) Qui tc chuyn v:
(sgk trang 44)
V d: Gii bpt x 5 <
18
Ta c: x 5 < 8
x < 18 + 5 (cv, i
- gii ptrnh ta thc
hin qui tc bin i
no ?
- gii bt phng
trnh, ta cng dng qui
tc chuyn v v qui tc
nhn
- Th no l qui tc
chuyn v?
- Tr li: hai qui tc: chuyn
v; nhn vi mt s.
- HS nghe gii thiu
- HS lu , suy ngh
- c qui tc (sgk)
bi
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
163
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
du 5) x < 23
Vy tp nghim ca bt
phng trnh l {x / x <
23}
?2 Gii cc bt phng
trnh sau :
a) x + 12 > 21
b) 2x > -3x 5
b) Quy tc nhn vi
mt s:
(sgk)
V d 3: Gii bpt 0,5x
< 3
Gii
Ta c 0,5x , 3
0,5x.2 < 3.2 (nhn
2v vi 2)
x < 6
Tp nghim ca bpt: {x/
x < 6}
V d 4: Gii bpt -1/4x
< 3 v bdin tp nghim
trn trc s
Gii
- GV yu cu HS c sgk
- Gii thiu v d 1.
Trnh by nh sgk
- Nu tip v d 2
- Yu cu HS ln bng
gii bt phng trnh.
- Mt HS khc biu din
nghim trn trc s.
- Cho HS thc hin ?2
(gi 2 HS ln bng)
- Cho HS nhn xt
bng
- T tnh cht lin h
gia th t vi php
nhn vi s dng hoc
vi s m
ta c quy tc nhn vi
mt s (qtc nhn). gi
HS c qtc sgk. Nu
vd3
- GV gii thiu v gii
thch nh sgk
- Nu v d 4. Cn nhn
hai v ca bpt vi bao
nhiu c v tri l x?
Khi nhn cn ch g?
- Gi mt HS gii bng
- Gi HS khc bdin
nghim
- Ghi v d 2 v gii, mt
HS gii bng:
3x > 2x +5 3x 2x > 5
x > 5
Tp nghim ca bpt: {x/ x
>5}
Bdin tp nghim trn trc
s:
0 5
- HS thc hin ?2 vo v.
Hai HS ln bng trnh by.
- HS nhn xt bng
- HS nghe v nh li tnh
cht
- HS c qui tc (sgk) v ghi
bi.
- HS nghe GV trnh by v
ghi bi
- Nhn vi 4
- Phi i chiu bt ng
thc.
- HS lm bng.
- HS khc biu din trn trc
s
Kin thc: - HS nm c tng quy tc bin i bt phng trnh gii
cc bt phng trnh n gin.
bt phng trnh n gin v gii thch s tng ng ca cc bpt.
?3 Gii cc bpt:
a) 2x < 24
b) 3x < 27
?4 Gii thch s tng
ng
- Yu cu HS lm ?3
Gi hai HS lm bng
- v: Khng gii bpt
m ch s dng quy tc
- Thc hin ?3, hai HS lm
bng:
a) x < 12
Tp nghim bpt : {x/ x <
12}
b) x > -9
Tp nghim bpt : {x/ > -9}
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
164
/ / / / / / / /(
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
a) x + 3 < 7 x
2 < 2
b) 2x < -4 -3x >
6
bin i gii thch s
tng ng ca 2bpt
- Nu ?4 Gi HS gii
thch
Hd: So snh cc v ca
mi cp bpt xem cng
thm hay nhn vo vi
s no?
- Nghe hng dn, tho lun
tm cch gii.
- HS ng ti ch tr li:
a) Cng 5 vo c 2 v
bptrnh x + 3 < 7 c bpt x
2 < 2
b) Nhn 2v bptrnh 2x < -4
vi-3/2 v i chiu.
Hot ng 6 : Dn d (1)
- Hc bi: nm vng
nh ngha bpt bc nht
mt n; hai qui tc bin
i bpt .
- Lm cc bi tp sgk:
19, 20, 21 (trang 47)
- HS nghe dn
Ghi ch vo v
iV. nh gi, iu chnh:
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
165
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
Ngy son: 25/ 03/ 2012.
Tit 63: 4. bt phng trnh bc nht mt n. (TT)
I/ MC TIU :
- Cng c hai qui tc bin i bt phng trnh.
- Bit gii v trnh by li gii bt phng trnh bc nht mt n.
- Bit cch gii mt s bt phng trnh a c v dng bt phng trnh bc
nht mt n.
II/ CHUN B :
- GV : thc c chia khong; bng ph (ghi cu hi, bi tp, bi gii mu)
- HS : n tp hai qui tc bin i bt phng trnh; bng ph nhm, bt d.
- Phng php : Nu vn m thoi.
III/ HOT NG DY HC :
NI DUNG
HOT NG
CA GV
HOT NG CA HS
HS1: - nh ngha bpt
bc nht mt n. Cho v
d. (4)
- Pht biu qui tc
chuyn v.
- Gii bpt: -3x > -4x
+2 (6)
HS2: Pht biu qui tc
nhn? (4
Gii bpt: a) x > 4
(3)
b) 1,5x > 9
(3)
- Treo bng ph, nu yu
cu kim tra.
Gi hai HS ln lt ln
bng.
- Gi HS lp nhn xt
- GV nh gi, cho
im.
- Hai HS ln bng tr bi, c
lp theo di, lm bi vo
nhp :
HS1: - Tr li cu hi
- Gii: 3x + 4x > 2
x > 2 .Tp nghim{x/x
>2}
HS2: - Tr li cu hi
- Gii:
a) x < -4
Tp nghim ca bpt:
{x /x < -4}
b) x > -9 :1,5 x > -6
Tp nghim ca bpt:
{x/x > -6}
Hot ng 2 : Gii pt bc nht mt n (16)
Kin thc: - Cng c hai qui tc bin i bt phng trnh.
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
166
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
- Bit gii v trnh by li gii bt phng trnh bc nht mt n.
bt phng trnh n gin.
3/ Gii bt phng
trnh bc nht mt n
:
V d 5: Gii bpt 2x 3
< 0 v bdin tp
nghim trn trc s
Gii
(sgk trang 45 46)
?5 Gii bpt 4x 8 < 0
v biu din tp
nghim trn trc s.
* Ch : (sgk trang 46)
V d 6:
Gii bpt 4x + 28 < 0
- Ap dng qui tc trn
vo vic gii bt phng
trnh, ta c cc bpt
tng ng vi bpt
cho. Ghi v d 5 ln
bng
- Hng dn HS gii
tng bc nh sgk.
Nhn mnh bc chia
c 2v ca
bpt cho 2
- Cho HS thc hin ?5.
GV yu cu HS phi
hp c 2 qui tc bin i
bpt
tm tp nghim
Kim bi lm mt vi
HS
GV cht li cch lm
- Cho HS nhn xt
bng.
- Cho HS c ch sgk,
GV ly vd ngay trn vd5
- Ghi bng vd 6, cho
HS t lm
- Lu khng ghi gii
thch v trnh by
nghim n gin
- Cho HS nhn xt
bng
- HS: 2x + 3 < 0
2x < 3 2x : 2 < 3 : 2
x < 1,5
Tp nghim ca bpt:
{x/x < 1,5}
0 1,5
- C lp thc hin ?5, mt
HS thc hin bng :
-4x 8 < 0 -4x < 8
x > -2.
Tp nghimca bpt:{x/x >
-2}
-2 0

- HS c ch (sgk)
- Mt HS gii bng:
-4x + 28 < 0 28 < 4x
28 : 4 < 4x : 4 7 < x
Vy nghim ca bpt l x > 7
Nhn xt bng
Hot ng 3 : Bpt a c v dng ax + b < 0 (12)
Kin thc: - Bit cch gii mt s bt phng trnh a c v dng bt
phng trnh bc nht mt n.
bt phng trnh n gin.
4. Bt ptrnh a
c v dng ax + b <
0; ax + b > 0; ax +b
0 ax + b 0 :
- Ghi bng v d 7
Yu cu HS t gii bpt.
- Sa sai cho tng nhm
- HS gii bt phng trnh
vd7, mt - HS trnh by
bng :
C 3x + 4 > 2x + 3
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
167
)/ / / / / / / / / / / /
/ / / / /( !
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
V d 7: Gii bpt
3x + 4 > 2x + 3
Gii
?6 Gii bpt:
-0,2x 0,2 > 0,4x 2
- Ghi bng ?6 (a ra
trn bng ph)
- Gi hai HS lm bng
- Cho HS lp nhn xt,
sa sai
3x 2x > 3 4
x > -1
Nghim ca bpt l x > -1
- Thc hin ?6, HS hp tc
theo nhm cng bn.
- Hai HS trnh by bng
- C lp nhn xt, sa sai
Kin thc: - Bit cch gii mt s bt phng trnh a c v dng bt
phng trnh bc nht mt n.
K nng : - Bit p dng tng quy tc bin i bt phng trnh gii cc bt
phng trnh n gin.
Bi 23 trang 47 SGK
a)2x 3 > 0 ; b) 3x +
4 < 0
c) 4 3x 0 ; d) 5
2x 0
Bi 23 trang 47 SGK
- Ghi bng bi tp 23
yu cu - HS hot ng
nhm
- Kim tra bi lm ca
vi nhm
- HS suy ngh c nhn . Mi
nhm cng dy gii cu a v
c, cc nhm dy kia gii cu
b v d.
- Nhn xt cho gia cc
nhm
Hot ng 5 : Dn d (1)
- Hc bi: nm vng
cch gii bpt bc nht
mt n; hai qui tc bin
i bpt .
- Lm cc bi tp sgk:
22a; 24; 25; 26 (trang
47)
- HS nghe dn
Ghi ch vo v
iV. nh gi, iu chnh:
......................................................................................................
Ngy son: 01/ 04/ 2012.
Tit 64: 5. phng trnh cha du gi tr tuyt i.
I/ MC TIU :
- HS bit b du gi tr tuyt i biu thc dng |ax| v dng | x + a|.
- HS bit gii mt s phng trnh cha du gi tr tuyt i dng |ax| = cx + d v
dng |x+a| = cx + d.
II/ CHUN B :
- GV : Bng ph (ghi biktra, bi tp ?1)
- HS : n tp nh ngha gi tr tuyt i ca s a Bng ph nhm, bt d.
- Phng php : m thoi gi m Nu vn Hot ng nhm.
III/ HOT NG DY HC :
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
168
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
NI DUNG
HOT NG
GV
HOT NG HS
1. Gii bt phng trnh
sau v biu din tp
nghim trn trc s :
2x + 5 < 9 (hoc 4x +1 >
9)
2. Gii bt phng trnh :
3
1
4
3 +
<
+ x x
(hoc
3
3 2
2
1
<
+ x x
)
- Treo bng ph ghi
kim tra
- Yu cu HS lm bi
trn giy (kim 15)

- HS lm bi kim ta 15
trn giy
Hot ng 2 : Nhc li kin thc (14)
Kin thc: - HS bit b du gi tr tuyt i biu thc dng |ax| v dng | x
+ a|.
K nng : - Bit rt gn biu thc cha du gtt vi tng iu
kin ca n.
1/ Nhc li v gi tr tuyt
i :

'
<
0
0
a neu a
a neu a
a
V d: B du gi tr tuyt
i v rt gn cc biu
thc sau:
a) A = |x 3| + x 2
khi x 3
b) B = 4x + 5 + |-2x|
khi x > 0
Gii
a) Khi x 3 x 3 0
nn x - 3= x 3
A = x 3 + x 2 = 2x 5
b) Khi x > 0 2x < 0
nn 2x= -(-2x) = 2x
B = 4x + 5 + 2x = 6x + 5
?1 Rt gn biu thc:
a) C = 3x + 7x 4
khi x 0
b) D = 5 4x +x 6
khi x < 6
- Pht biu nh ngha
gi tr tuyt i?
- Tm |12| = ? ; |-2/3| = ?
; |0| = ?
- Nh vy,ta c th b
du gtt tu theo gi tr
ca bthc trong du gtt
l m hay khng m
- Nu v d 1
- Gi hai HS thc hin
bng
- GV gi hng dn :
a) x 3 x 3 ? x
- 3= ?
- T rt gn A ?
b) x > 0 2x ? (
2x(= ?
- T rt gn B ?
- Nu ?1 trn bng ph
- Yu cu HS thc hin
theo nhm
- Cc nhm hot ng
khong 5 sau GV
- Mt HS pht biu
- HS khc nhn xt, nhc
li.
|12| = 12 ; |-2/3| = 2/3 ; |0|
= 0
- Hai HS ln bng lm
- HS1 :
Khi x 3 x 3 0
nn x - 3= x 3
A = x 3 + x 2 = 2x
5
- HS2 :
Khi x > 0 2x < 0
nn 2x= -(-2x) = 2x
B = 4x + 5 + 2x = 6x + 5
- Hp tc lm bi theo
nhm (2nhm cng lm 1
bi) :
a) Khi x 0 3x 0
nn (-3x( = 3x
Vy C = 3x +7x 4
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
169
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
yu cu hai i din ln
bng trnh by
- Nhn xt, sa sai
bng.
= 10x 4
b) Khi x < 6 x 6 < 0
nn (x 6(= -x + 6
Vy D = 5 - 4x x + 6
= 11 - 5x
Hot ng 3 : Gii pt cha du gtt (10)
Kin thc: - HS bit gii mt s phng trnh cha du gi tr tuyt i dng
|ax| = cx + d v dng |x+a| = cx + d.
K nng : - Bit b du gtt a pt v dng pt khng cha
du gtt gii.
2/ Gii mt s phng
trnh cha du gi tr
tuyt i :
V d 2: Gii phng trnh
(3x(= x + 4
Ta c
(3x(= 3x khi 3x 0 hay x
0
3x= - 3x khi 3x < 0 hay
x < 0
a) Nu x 0 , ta c :
3x= x + 4 3x = x + 4
2x = 4 x = 2 (TMK
x0)
b) Nu x < 0 , ta c :
3x= x + 4 -3x = x +
4
-4x = 4 x = -1(TMK
x<0)
Vy tp nghim ca pt l
S = { -1; 2}
V d 3 : Gii pt(x -3(= 9
2x
Ta c:
(x -3( = x 3 nu x 3
= 3 x nu x < 3
- v: by gi ta s
dng k thut b du
gtt gii mt s
phng trnh cha du
gtt.
- Ghi bng v d 2
- b du gi tr tuyt
i trong phng trnh
ta cn xt hai trng
hp
- Biu thc trong du
gi tr tuyt i khng
m.
- Biu thc trong du
gi tr tuyt i m.
- Do gii ptrnh
cho ta gii 2 ptrnh
(GV hng dn gii
tng bc nh sgk)
- Nu v d 3
- Yu cu HS gp sch
th t gii bi tp?
- Gi mt HS ln bng
- Lu : Kim tra
nghim theo k ri mi
tr li
- HS ghi v d
HS nghe hng dn cch
gii v ghi bi.
Tham gia gii phng
trnh theo hng dn cu
GV
- c bi vd3
- Gp sch, da theo bi
mu vd1 gii
- Mt HS gii bng
- Nhn xt bi lm bng
Kin thc: - HS bit gii mt s phng trnh cha du gi tr tuyt i dng
|ax| = cx + d v dng |x+a| = cx + d.
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
170
Gio n i s8
Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
K nng : - Bit b du gtt a pt v dng pt khng cha
du gtt gii.
?2 Gii phng trnh:
a) (x + 5( = 3x + 1
b) (5x( = 2x + 21
Bi tp 36(c) : Gii phng
trnh (4x(= 2x + 12
tp ?2 cho HS thc hin
- Cho c lp nhn xt
- Cho HS tip tc lm
bi 36 sgk (nu cn thi
gian)
- HS lm ?2 vo v
- Hai HS lm bng
- Nhn xt bi lm bng
- HS tip tc lm bi 36
(mt HS lm bng
Hot ng 5 : Dn d (1)
- Hc bi: nm vng
cch b du gtt, gii
ptrnh c cha du gtt
- Lm cc bi tp
35(a,b) , 36(a,b) ,
37(a,c)
- n tp kin thc
chng (trang 52). Tun
sau ch hc 1 tit S, 3
tit Hnh
- HS nghe dn
Ghi ch vo v
iV. nh gi, iu chnh:
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
Nguyn Vn Mo Trng
THCS C Chnh Lan
171

Giao An Dai So8

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Gio n i s8

Nm hc: 2011 - 2012

- Pht biu qui tc cng

IV. RT KINH NGHIM.

Quy tac: Muon

-oc yeu cau

. Tm ieu kien cua x e phan

-Hay thao luan

a) Vi gi tr no ca x th gi tr ca phn thc c xc nh?

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