T VN Hin nay, cng vi s tng cng v m rng quan h hp tc gia Vit Nam v cc nc, s lng cc cuc kt hn c yu t nc ngoi ngy

y cng tng. kp thi iu chnh cc quan h trn, nh nc ban hnh cc vn bn php lut quy nh c th v vn kt hn c yu t nc ngoi. Trong bai vit nay, nhom em xin trinh bay vn kt hn co yu t nc ngoai theo T phap quc t Vit Nam. GII QUYT VN 1. L LUN CHUNG V QUAN H KT HN C YU T NC NGOI 1.1. Khi nim kt hn v kt hn c yu t nc ngoi Kt hn la vic nam va n xac lp quan h v chng theo quy inh cua phap lut v iu kin kt hn va ng ky kt hn. Theo khoan 14 iu 9 Lut HN&G, kt hn c yu t nc ngoi l vic nam, n xac lp quan h v chng thuc mt trong cac trng hp: gia cng dn Vit Nam vi ngi nc ngoai, gia ngi nc ngoai vi nhau thng tru tai Vit Nam hoc gia cng dn Vit Nam vi nhau ma mt hoc ca hai bn inh c nc ngoai. 1.2. H thng php lut iu chnh vn kt hn c yu t nc ngoi Hin nay, gii quyt xung t php lut trong vn kt hn c yu t nc ngoi ti Vit Nam, h thng php lut c p dng gm: Cac hip inh tng tr t phap ma Vit Nam ki kt vi nc ngoai, cc vn bn php lut trong nc nh Lut HN&G, Nghi inh s 68/2002 quy inh chi tit v quan h hn nhn, gia inh co yu t nc ngoai, Nghi inh s 69/2006 sa i b sung mt s iu cua Nghi inh s 68/2002, Thng t s 07/2002 hng dn thi hanh Nghi inh s 68/2002... 2. NHNG QUY NH CA PHP LUT VIT NAM V KT HN C YU T NC NGOI 2.1. iu kin kt hn iu kin kt hn la yu cu cua phap lut buc ngi kt hn phai ap ng y u khi kt hn. Ti Vit Nam, iu kin kt hn va trng hp cm kt hn c quy inh tai iu 9, 10 Lut HN&G. Theo quy nh ca php lut Vit Nam, nguyn tc c bn gii quyt xung t php lut v iu kin kt hn l nguyn tc lut quc tch ca ng s; ngoi ra, cn p dng nguyn tc lut ni c tr gii quyt. Do , xc nh iu kin kt hn, ta chia thnh cc trng hp sau y: 2.1.1. iu kin kt hn gia cng dn Vit Nam vi ngi nc ngoi
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a. Trng hp kt hn tin hanh trc c quan co thm quyn cua Vit Nam Vi trng hp ny, ngi nc ngoi s va phi tun th cc quy nh cua phap lut Vit Nam v iu kin kt hn va cac trng hp cm kt hn; va phi tun th cc quy nh v iu kin kt hn theo php lut nc m h l cng dn. Nu h c hai hay nhiu quc tch nc ngoi th giy t xc nh iu kin kt hn ca h s theo php lut ca nc m h c quc tch ng thi thng tr vo thi im ng k kt hn, nu h khng thng tr ti mt trong cc nc c quc tch th giy t do c quan c thm quyn ca nc m h mang h chiu cp. Nu h l ngi khng quc tch th giy t s dng trong vic ng k kt hn l giy t do c quan c thm quyn ca nc ni h thng tr cp. b. Trng hp kt hn khng tin hnh trc c quan thm quyn ca Vit Nam Trng hp ny xy ra khi cng dn Vit Nam kt hn vi ngi nc ngoi trc c quan c thm quyn ca nc ngoi. Khi , ngi nc ngoi phi m bo cc tiu chun v iu kin kt hn theo quy nh ca php lut nc m ngi mang quc tch. Cng dn Vit Nam khng ch tun theo cc quy nh ca php lut Vit Nam v iu kin kt hn m cn phi tun theo php lut nc s ti lin quan n iu kin kt hn. y s l mt trong nhng c s php l quan trng c quan c thm quyn ca Vit Nam cng nhn tnh hp php ca vic kt hn . 2.1.2. Kt hn gia nhng ngi nc ngoi vi nhau ti Vit Nam Vic kt hn gia nhng ngi nc ngoi vi nhau ti Vit Nam, trc c quan nh nc c thm quyn ca Vit Nam ngoi vic phi tun theo quy nh v iu kin kt hn ca php lut nc m h l cng dn cn phi tun theo quy nh php lut Vit Nam v iu kin kt hn. 2.1.3. Kt hn gia cng dn Vit Nam vi cng dn nhng nc c hip nh tng tr t php vi Vit Nam Trong cac HTTTP ma Vit Nam ki kt cung thng s dung nguyn tc lut quc tich giai quyt xung t phap lut v iu kin kt hn. V d, khon 1 iu 2 HTTTP gia Vit Nam Bungary quy nh: Cc iu kin kt hn gia cng dn 2 nc s xc nh theo php lut ca nc k kt m ngi kt hn l cng dn. Tuy nhin, cng c mt s Hip nh xy dng iu kin b sung, thng l quy nh thm h thuc lut ni thc hin hnh vi iu chnh cc trng hp cm kt hn. V d, khon 1 iu 24 HTTTP Vit Nam Lin Bang Nga 1999 quy
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nh: V iu kin kt hn, mi bn ng s phi tun theo php lut ca bn k kt m ngi l cng dn. Ngoi ra, v nhng trng hp cm kt hn, vic kt hn cn phi tun theo php lut ca bn k kt ni tin hnh kt hn. 2.2. Nghi thc kt hn, thm quyn va thu tuc ng ki kt hn Nghi thc kt hn l mt trong nhng iu kin xem xt tnh hp php ca vic kt hn. Phap lut mi nc lai c quy inh nghi thc kt hn khac nhau. Thng thng co cac loai nghi thc kt hn nh nghi thc kt hn dn s, nghi thc kt hn tn giao, hoc kt hp ca hai nghi thc o. T phap quc t Vit Nam ap dung nghi thc dn s. Vit kt hn thc hin tai Vit Nam phai c ng ky tai c quan Nha nc co thm quyn theo nghi thc quy inh cua phap lut Vit Nam. Cung vi no la thm quyn giai quyt vic ng ki kt hn co yu t nc ngoai. Th nht: V vic ng ky kt hn co yu t nc ngoai tin hanh Vit Nam, theo khon 1 iu 102 Lut HN&G, UBND cp tinh ni thng tru cua cng dn Vit Nam la c quan co thm quyn tin hanh vic ng ki kt hn co yu t nc ngoai Vit Nam. Nh vy, du hiu ni thng tru ca ng s la du hiu quy inh c quan co thm quyn tin hanh vic ng ki kt hn i vi quan h kt hn co yu t nc ngoai. Trng hp bn cng dn Vit Nam khng hoc cha co h khu thng tru thi chi cn h ng ki tam tru co thi han, UBND tinh ni ho ng ki tam tru se la c quan co thm quyn tin hanh ng ki kt hn co yu t nc ngoai. Ngoi ra, trong trng hp kt hn gia cng dn Vit Nam thng tru tai khu vc bin gii vi cng dn nc lang ging cung c tru tai khu vc bin gii vi Vit Nam thi thm quyn ng ki kt hn c trao cho UBND xa ni thng tru cua cng dn Vit Nam nhm tao iu kin thun li cho cac bn. Khng ch vy, vi trng hp ngi nc ngoai thng tru tai Vit Nam xin kt hn vi nhau thi UBND cp tinh ni thng tru cua cua mt trong hai bn ng s s thc hin vic ng ki kt hn. Nh vy, ngi nc ngoai kt hn vi nhau tai Vit Nam co quyn yu cu c quan nha nc co thm quyn tai Vit Nam tin hanh vic ng ki kt hn, cu th la UBND cp tinh. Th hai, vic ng ki kt hn c tin hanh tai nc ngoai c thc hin khi hai cng dn Vit Nam kt hn vi nhau tai nc ngoai, hoc khi cng dn Vit Nam kt hn vi ngi nc ngoai tai nc ngoai. Vi trng hp ny, c quan

ngoai giao, c quan lanh s cua Vit Nam nc ngoai thc hin vic ng ki kt hn co yu t nc ngoai nu vic ng k o khng trai phap lut cua nc s tai. Ngoi ra, vic kt hn gia cng dn Vit Nam vi nhau hoc vi ngi nc ngoai c th c ng ki tai c quan co thm quyn cua nc ngoai. Khi , cuc kt hn mun c cng nhn tai Vit Nam th phi phu hp vi phap lut cua nc o, ng thi vao thi im kt hn, cng dn Vit Nam khng vi pham quy inh cua Vit Nam v iu kin va cac trng hp cm kt hn. Nu co s vi pham phap lut Vit Nam v iu kin kt hn, nhng vao thi im yu cu cng nhn kt hn, hu qua cua vi pham o a c khc phuc hoc vic cng nhn kt hn co li cho quyn li cua phu n, tre em thi hn nhn o cung c cng nhn tai Vit Nam. Trinh t, thu tuc ng ki kt hn c quy inh tai muc 1 chng II Nghi inh s 68/2002 va c cu th hoa trong thng t s 07/2002/TT-BTP cua B T phap. 3. THC TRNG KT HN C YU T NC NGOI TI VIT NAM Th nht, trong nhng nm gn y, quan h kt hn co yu t nc ngoai nay sinh ngay cang nhiu. Vic cng dn Vit Nam kt hn vi ngi nc ngoai tr thanh mt iu quen thuc khi con s khng nho ngi Vit, a phn la phu n lp gia inh vi cng dn cac quc gia khac. Hin nc ta c khong 18 tnh thnh thnh lp cc trung tm h tr kt hn vi ngi nc ngoi vi mc ch phi li nhun, bc u t c mt s kt qu nht nh, p ng c phn no yu cu ngi dn. Theo thng k ca S t php, t nm 2005 n nay, s thc hin ng k kt hn c yu t nc ngoi cho 1450 trng hp, tng hn hn so vi thi k trc y. Tuy nhin trn thc t, con s ny cn ln hn rt nhiu ln, v d, t nm 2008 n nm 2009, trn ia ban tinh Vinh Long co 10.005 trng hp phu n kt hn vi ngi nc ngoai, tnh ng Thap co hn 12.000 trng hp, chu yu la kt hn vi ngi ai Loan. Thc trng cho thy vic qun l ca nh nc trong vn kt hn vi ngi nc ngoi vn cn nhiu yu km. Th hai, cac cuc kt hn co yu t nc ngoai tai Vit Nam hin nay ngay cang tr nn a dang va phc tap. Thc t, a phn cac cuc hn nhn gia ngi Vit Nam vi ngi nc ngoai u din ra qua mai mi, d dang keo theo yu t bt hp phap qua vic cung cp cho ngi nc ngoai cac thng tin sai s tht hay h s y t va hinh s khng chinh xac v ban i tim nng. Mc du khng c tha nhn song cac dich vu lam mai mi quc t vn ph bin tai Vit Nam. Co
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nhiu nan nhn b la di trong cac cuc kt hn co yu t nc ngoai nay. Mt s nan nhn o lai quay v nc la gat ngay ca ngi thn cua minh chi vi muc ich vu li. Nhiu phu n ly chng nc ngoai chi nhm mc ch ly c chng giau nn cac cuc kt hn din ra nhanh chong ch khng xut phat t tinh yu t nguyn. iu khin cho nhiu c du Vit Nam lm vao hoan canh bi at, lam anh hng n an ninh, chinh tri, thun phong my tuc cua ngi Vit Nam. 4. NH GI CC QUY NH V KT HN C YU T NC NGOI 4.1. u im Th nht, vic quy nh vn kt hn c yu t nc ngoi gip cng tac ng ki va quan ly vic kt hn co yu t nc ngoai co nhiu chuyn bin tich cc, c ban ap ng c yu cu quan ly ca nha nc cung nh giai quyt cac vn phat sinh, gop phn bao v quyn li chinh ang cua cng dn Vit Nam cung nh ngi nc ngoai. Bn canh phap lut quc gia, Vit Nam con ki kt mt s iu c quc t giup n gian hoa vic giai quyt. Th hai, ni dung cc quy nh ca Vit Nam kh ph hp vi thng l quc t. Vic quy nh iu kin kt hn p dng nguyn tc lut quc tch v lut ni c tr l hp l, bi nguyn tc lut quc tch th hin mi quan h php l hai chiu gia c nhn vi quc gia ngi mang quc tch; cn nguyn tc ni c tr s c vai tr khi vic xc nh quc tch ca ngi kt hn khng d dng. Th ba, trong th tc ng k kt hn, vic quy nh th tc phng vn m bo gip cc bn n vi nhau khi c s hiu bit nht nh v nhau, thc s v tnh yu. C quan c thm quyn s phng vn v s t nguyn kt hn, v kh nng giao tip bng ngn ng chung v mc hiu bit v hon cnh ca nhau trc khi kt hn... Quy nh ny trnh tnh trng nhiu ngi li dng vic kt hn vi ngi nc ngoi mua bn ph n nh thc t thi gian qua din ra, ng thi gp phn bo m cho c du Vit Nam c hnh phc hn khi v nh chng. 4.2. Hn ch Bn cnh nhng u im, vn cn tn ti nhng hn ch vng mc sau: Th nht, php lut cha c quy nh ring v cc iu kin kt hn vi ngi nc ngoi, chng hn nh khng qu chnh lch v tui tc, c hiu bit ln nhau gia hai bn ti thi im kt hn... Vn ny lin quan n quyn li ca cng dn

Vit Nam, c bit l ngi ph n, bi c nhng ph n Vit Nam c mi gii cho ngi chng nc ngoi qu ln tui gy nh hng n tinh thn ca h. Th hai, thi hn gii quyt ng k kt hn c yu t nc ngoi cn qu di, c th l 30 ngy k t ngy S t php nhn h s hp l, nu c yu cu xc minh ca c quan cng an th cn ko di thm 20 ngy. Hn na, ngi nc ngoi cn phi c mt ti Vit Nam t nht 3 ln np n ng kia, phng vn v ng k kt hn vi thi gian xa nhau nh hng n thi gian, cng vic v chi ph cho h. Th ba, th tc phng vn trc khi kt hn cha c thc hin ng vi mc ch ca n. Php lut Vit Nam c quy nh v phng vn nhng nhiu ngi thu phin dch, thm ch l ngi mi gii biu t theo kch bn, trong khi c quan c thm quyn ca ta khng c ngi phin dch nn khng hiu, tc l h ngm chp thun cuc hn nhn, mc d c th cuc hn nhn tri php lut. Th t, c ch v t chc v hot ng ca cc trung tm h tr kt hn thuc Hi lin hip ph n cha thc s cht ch cc trung tm ny hot ng c hiu qu. Th nm, cc quy nh x l vi phm v kt hn c yu t nc ngoi cn cha y hoc c nhng ch ti qu nh, cha ph hp. iu gp phn gia tng s lng cc v vi phm trn thc t. V d, hnh vi mi gii hn nhn b php lut Vit Nam nghim cm, nhng hin ti hot ng ny vn tip din bi ch ti x pht qu nh so vi li ch thc t m h c c. Th su, php lut cha quy nh c th hot ng ca c quan ngoi giao, lnh s trong vic tm hiu tnh hnh sinh sng ca cng dn Vit Nam kt hn v sinh sng nc ngoi thc hin bo h cho h khi cn thit. Do , thc t c nhiu ngi Vit Nam sau kt hn sang nh c nc ngoi b xm phm quyn li nghim trng nhng nhng c quan ny khng bit bo h cho h. Th by, h thng php lut cn thiu nhng tha thun hp tc, HTTTP vi cc nc khin quyn li ca cng dn Vit Nam sau kt hn vi ngi nc ngoi cha c bo m, c bit ti mt s vng lnh th nh Hn Quc, i Loan... 5. MT S GII PHP KIN NGH Th nht, cn c thm nhng quy nh v iu kin kt hn vi ngi nc ngoi nh quy nh v s chnh lch tui tc, v s hiu bit ln nhau gia hai bn ti thi im ng k kt hn, v kh nng ngn ng v ha nhp vi php lut, tp qun...
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Th hai, cn n gin ha cc th tc hnh chnh khi tin hnh ng k kt hn v rt ngn thi hn gii quyt, trnh vic gii quyt qua qu nhiu khu trung gian v qu nhiu th tc giy t gy kh khn cho cc bn. ng thi cng cn quy nh r rng th tc phng vn, phm vi phng vn, i tng c quyn phin dch... pht huy vai tr ca th tc ny. Th ba, cn hnh thnh cc trung tm h tr kt hn, ra cc c ch c th cc trung tm ny hot ng c hiu qu, gp phn bo m vic kt hn gia cng dn Vit Nam vi ngi nc ngoi c thc hin ng php lut. Th t, cn c c ch x l vi phm r rng, nghim khc hn ch vi phm, m bo thc thi nghim chnh cc quy nh v kt hn c yu t nc ngoi. Th nm, tng cng vai tr ca c quan ngoi giao, lnh s ca Vit Nam ti nc ngoi trong vic tm hiu i sng ca cng dn mnh kt hn v sinh sng ti thc hin vic bo h cng dn khi cn thit, c bit l mt s nc c nhiu ngi Vit Nam sinh sng nh Trung Quc, Hn Quc, i Loan... Th su, tng cng hp tc dn s, k kt HTTTP vi cc nc v vn hn nhn c yu t nc ngoi to c s php l cho vic gii quyt xung t php lut trong vn ny. i vi cc nc cha c iu kin k kt cc hip nh th phi thc hin cc tha thun mang tnh quc gia trn nguyn tc c i c li. Th by, cn thc hin mt s gii php x hi nh nng cao nhn thc ca ngi dn, y mnh cng tc thng tin tuyn truyn gio dc ph cp kin thc v hn nhn c yu t nc ngoi, u t thi gian, nhn lc, vt cht, o to i hnh cn b chuyn mn, cn b phin dch ti c quan ng k kt hn... KT LUN Vic quy nh vn kt hn c yu t nc ngoi c ngha ht sc quan trng, c bit trong thi k hi nhp, giao lu quc t nh hin nay. Nhng quy nh ny s to c s bo v quyn li ca cc ng s trong quan h hn nhn, ng thi pht trin mi quan h gia Vit Nam vi cc quc gia khc.

DANH MC TI LIU THAM KHO *** 1. Trng i hc Lut H Ni, Gio trnh t php quc t, Nxb. CAND, H Ni, 2009; 2. TS. Nguyn Hng Bc, Hng dn hc v n tp mn t php quc t, Nxb. T php, H Ni, 2012; 3. Lut Hn nhn v Gia nh nm 2000; 4. B Lut Dn s nm 2005; 5. Nghi inh s 68/2002 quy inh chi tit thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut hn nhn v Gia nh v quan h hn nhn, gia inh co yu t nc ngoai; 6. Nghi inh s 69/2006 sa i b sung mt s iu cua Nghi inh s 68/2002; 7. Thng t s 07/2002 hng dn thi hanh Nghi inh s 68/2002; 8. Hip nh tng tr t php gia Vit Nam Bungary; 9. Hip nh tng tr t php gia Vit Nam Lin Bang Nga 1999; 10. Ng Vn Thn, Mt s vng mc lin quan n vic ng k kt hn c yu t nc ngoi, bi vit trn tp ch Lut hc s 01/2009; 11. Nguyn Vn Thng, Th tm nguyn nhn vn ph n Vit Nam kt hn vi ngi nc ngoi, th vin trng i hc Lut H Ni, 2010; 12. Nguyn Vn Thng, Thc trng v vic phng vn trong kt hn vi ngi nc ngoi hin nay, th vin trng i hc Lut H Ni, 2010;

13.

Thu Trang, Bt cp trong cng tc qun l vic kt hn c yu t nc

ngoi, bi vit trn Tp ch Lut hc s 08/2007;

14. Mai Lam, Kt hn vi ngi nc ngoi: Tr c th khng c ly qu gi, bi vit trn bo tui tr ngy 6/12/2009;