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Luonggiac Chuong10
Luonggiac Chuong10
I. NH LY HA M SIN VA COSIN Cho ABC co a, b, c la n l t la ba ca n h o i die n cu a A, B, C, R la ba n knh n g tro n ngoa i tie p ABC , S la die n tch ABC th
a b c = = = 2R sin A sin B sin C a 2 = b2 + c2 2bc cos A = b2 + c2 4S.cotgA b2 = a 2 + c 2 2ac cos B = a 2 + c 2 4S.cotgB c2 = a 2 + b2 2ab cos C = a 2 + b2 4S.cotgC
Ba i 184
Ta co : a 2 = b2 + bc 4R2 sin2 A = 4R2 sin2 B + 4R2 sin B.sin C sin 2 A sin 2 B = sin B sin C 1 1 (1 cos 2A ) (1 cos 2B ) = sin B sin C 2 2 cos 2B cos 2A = 2 sin B sin C
2 sin ( B + A ) sin ( B A ) = 2 sin B sin C sin ( B + A ) sin ( A B ) = sin B sin C sin ( A B ) = sin B A = 2B
( do
A B = B A B = B ( loai )
Ca c h kha c : sin 2 A sin 2 B = sin B sin C (s in A sin B) (s in A + sin B) = sin B sin C A+B AB A+B AB 2 cos sin .2 sin co s = sin B sin C 2 2 2 2 sin ( B + A ) sin ( A B ) = sin B sin C
sin ( A B ) = sin B A = 2B
( do
A B = B A B = B ( loai )
Ba i 185:
sin ( A B ) a 2 b2 = sin C c2
a 2 b2 4R 2 sin2 A 4R 2 sin2 B = Ta co c2 4R 2 sin2 C 1 1 1 cos 2A ) (1 cos 2B ) sin 2 A sin 2 B 2 ( 2 = = sin 2 C sin 2 C cos 2B cos 2A 2 sin ( A + B ) sin ( B A ) = = 2 sin 2 C 2 sin 2 C sin ( A + B ) . sin ( A B ) sin ( A B ) = = sin C sin 2 C ( do sin ( A + B ) = sin C > 0)
Ba i 186: Cho ABC bie t ra n g tg Ch n g minh a + b = 2c Ta co : tg
A B 1 tg = 2 2 3
A B 1 A B A B tg = 3sin sin = cos cos 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 A B do cos > 0, cos > 0 2 2 A B A B A B 2 sin sin = cos cos sin sin 2 2 2 2 2 2 A+B A B A+B cos cos = cos 2 2 2 AB A+B cos = 2 cos ( *) 2 2 Ma t kha c : a + b = 2R ( sin A + sin B ) A+B AB = 4R sin cos 2 2 A+B A+B = 8R sin cos ( do ( *) ) 2 2 = 4R sin ( A + B )
Ca c h kha c : a + b = 2c
= 4R sin C = 2c
A+B AB C C cos = 4 sin cos 2 2 2 2 C AB C A+B A+B cos = 2 sin = 2 cos = cos do sin 2 2 2 2 2 A B A B A B A B cos cos + sin sin = 2 cos cos 2 sin sin 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 A B A B 3 sin sin = cos cos 2 2 2 2 A B 1 tg tg = 2 2 3 Ba i 187: Cho ABC , ch n g minh ne u cotgA, cotgB, cotgC ta o mo t ca p so co n g th 2 sin
a 2 , b2 , c2 cu n g la ca p so co n g.
Ta co : cot gA, cot gB, cot gC la cap so cong cot gA + cot gC = 2 cot gB ( * ) Ca c h 1:
Ta co: ( *)
sin ( A + C ) 2 cos B = sin 2 B = 2 sin A sin C cos B sin A sin C sin B 2 sin B = cos ( A + C ) cos ( A C ) cos ( A + C ) sin 2 B = cos2 ( A + C ) cos ( A C ) cos ( A + C ) sin 2 B = cos2 B 1 [cos 2A + cos 2C] 2 1 sin 2B = (1 sin 2 B ) 1 2 sin 2 A ) + (1 2 sin 2 C ) ( 2 2 sin 2 B = sin 2 A + sin 2 C
Ba i 188:
Ta co:
Do nh ly ha m cosin ne n ta co a 2 = b2 + c2 2bc cos A 2 ( b2 + c 2 ) b2 c 2 b2 + c 2 a 2 cos A = = ( do ( *)) 2bc 4bc b2 + c 2 2bc 1 = = ( do Cauchy ) 4bc 4bc 2 Vay : BAC 600. Ca c h kha c: nh ly ha m cosin cho a 2 = b2 + c2 2bc cos A b2 + c2 = a 2 + 2bc cos A Do o
(*) a 2 + 2bc cos A = 2a 2 cos A = a2 b 2 + c2 1 = ( do Cauchy) 2bc 4 bc 2
Cho ABC . Ch n g minh : R ( a 2 + b2 + c 2 ) cotgA+cotgB+cotgC = abc 2 2 b + c a2 Ta co: cotgA = 4S 2 2 2 a +c b a 2 + b2 c 2 Tng t: cot gB = , cot gC = 4S 4S 2 2 2 a +b +c a 2 + b2 + c 2 Do o cot gA + cot gB + cot gC = = abc 4S 4 4R 2 2 2 a +b +c =R abc Ba i 190: Cho ABC co 3 go c A, B, C ta o tha n h mo t ca p so nha n co co n g bo i q = 2. Gia s A < B < C. 1 1 1 = + Ch n g minh: a b c Ba i 189:
Do A, B, C la ca p so nha n co q = 2 ne n B = 2A, C = 2B = 4A 2 4 Ma A + B + C = nen A = , B = ,C = 7 7 7 Ca c h 1: 1 1 1 1 + = + Ta co: b c 2R sin B 2R sin C 1 1 1 = + 2 4 2R sin sin 7 7 4 2 + sin sin 1 7 7 = 2 4 2R sin sin 7 7 3 2 sin . cos 1 7 7 do sin 4 = sin 3 = 2 3 2R 7 7 sin . sin 7 7 cos 1 1 7 = = 2R sin A R 2 sin . cos 7 7 1 = a Ca c h 2:
1 1 1 1 1 1 = + = + a b c sin A sin B sin C 1 1 1 sin 4A + sin 2A = + = sin A sin 2A sin 4A sin 2A sin 4A 1 2 sin 3A. cos A 2 cos A 2 cos A = = = sin A sin 2A sin 4A sin 2A 2 sin A cos A 3 4 = sin = sin 4A do : sin 3A = sin 7 7 Ba i 191: Tnh ca c go c cu a ABC ne u sin A sin B sin C = = 1 2 3
Do nh ly ha m sin: ne n :
a b c = = 2R 2R 3 4R b = a 3 b c = 3 2 c = 2a
a= Ta co: c 2 = 4a 2 = a 3
+ a2
c 2 = b2 + a 2 Vay ABC vuong tai C Thay sin C = 1 vao ( *) ta c sin A sin B 1 = = 1 2 3 1 sin A = 2 sin B = 3 2 A = 300 0 B = 60
Ghi chu: Trong tam gia c ABC ta co
a = b A = B sin A = sin B cos A = cos B
BC2 2 a2 2
2 2 2 hay : c + b = 2ma +