Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

Chapter Thirteen Solutions

10 March 2006

1.

v2(t) = M21

di1 ( t ) dt

= M 21 (400)(120 ) sin(120 t )

Taking peak values and noting sign is irrelevant, 100 = M21(400)(120). Thus, M21 = 663.1 H

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Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

Chapter Thirteen Solutions

10 March 2006

2. v1 = M 12 i2 = di2 dt therefore

1 1 115 2 v dt = sin 120 t 16o 1 M 12 M 12 120

Equating peak values, M 12 =

1 115 2 = 9.59 mH 45 120

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Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

Chapter Thirteen Solutions

10 March 2006

3.

1 and 3, 2 and 4 1 and 4, 2 and 3 3 and 1, 2 and 4

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Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

Chapter Thirteen Solutions

10 March 2006

4.

(a) v1 = L1

di1 di +M 2 dt dt

Substituting in i1 = 30 sin 80t and i2 = 30 cos 80t, we find that

v1 = 2400 cos 80t 1200 sin 80t

1200 = 24002 + 12002 cos 80t tan 1 2400 = 2683 cos (80t 26.57o) V

(b) v2 = L2

di2 di +M 1 dt dt

Substituting in i1 = 30 sin 80t and i2 = 30 cos 80t, we find that v2 = 7200 sin 80t + 1200 cos 80t =
7200 72002 + 12002 cos 80t tan 1 2400

= 7299 cos (80t 80.54o) V

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Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

Chapter Thirteen Solutions

10 March 2006

5.

di di (a) v1 = L1 1 + M 2 dt dt Substituting in i1 = 3 cos 800t nA and i2 = 2 cos 800t nA,we find that
6 9 6 9 v1 = (22 10 )(3)(800) 10 sin 800t (5 10 )(2)(800) 10 sin 800t

= 60.8 sin 800t pV di di (b) v2 = + L2 2 + M 1 dt dt Substituting in i1 = 3 cos 800t nA and i2 = 2 cos 800t nA,we find that
v1 = (15 106 )(2)(800) 109 sin 800t (5 106 )(3)(800) 109 sin 800t = 36 sin 800t pV

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Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

Chapter Thirteen Solutions

10 March 2006

6.

di1 di + 0.4 2 = 5e t dt dt

[1]

0.4

di1 di + 8 2 = 3e 2t dt dt

[2]

Let i1 = ae t + be2t and i2 = cet + de2t Then from Eq. [1] we have 8a 0.4c = 5 [3] And from Eq. [2] we have 0.4a 8c = 0 [5] and 0.8b 16d = 3 [6] and 16b 0.8d = 0 [4]

Solving, we find that a = 0.6266, b = 0.0094, c = 0.03133, and d = 0.1880

(a)

di1 d 0.6266e t + 0.0094e2t = 0.6266e t 0.0188e2t A/s = dt dt di2 d = 0.0313e t + 0.376e 2t A/s = 0.0313e t 0.1880e2t dt dt

(b)

(c) i1 = 0.6266e t + 0.0094e2t A

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Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

Chapter Thirteen Solutions

10 March 2006

7.

di2 di1 3 t 2 + 1.5 10 = 2e dt dt di1 di2 3t 1.5 + 2 = 4e dt dt [2]

[1]

Let i1 = ae t + be3t and i2 = ce t + de3t Then from Eq. [1] we have 2a 1.5c = 2103 [3] And from Eq. [2] we have 1.5a 2c = 0 [5] and 4.5b 6d = 4103 [6] and 6b 4.5d = 0 [4]

Solving, we find that a = 2286, b = -1143, c = 1714, and d = 1524

(a)

di1 d 2286e t 1143e3t = = 2286e t + 3429e 3t A/s dt dt di2 d 1714e t 1524e3t = = 1714e t + 4572e3t A/s dt dt

(b)

(c) i2 = 1714e t + 4572e3t A

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Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

Chapter Thirteen Solutions

10 March 2006

8. (a)
V2 = j 0.4 10
V2 = j100 0.4 10 = 126 90o V

Thus, v(t) = 126 cos (100t + 90o) V (b) Define V2 across the 2-H inductor with + reference at the dot, and a clockwise currents I1 and I2, respectively, in each mesh. Then,
V = -V2

and we may also write

V2 = jL2 I2 + jMI1

or -V = jL2

V + jM 10

Solving for V,
V=

( j100 )(0.4) 125.7 90o 125.7 - 90o = = 2.000 - 179.1o = 1 + ( j100 )(2 ) 1 + j 62.83 62.8489.09o Thus, v(t) = 2 cos (100t 179.1o) V.

(c)

Define V1 across the left inductor, and V2 across the right inductor, with the + reference at the respective dot; also define two clockwise mesh currents I1 and I2. Then, V1 = jL1 I1 + j M I 2

V2 = jL2 I 2 + j M I1
Now I1 = 10 V1 and Vout = V2 4 V and I 2 = out 10

V 10 V1 V1 = jL1 + jM out EQN 1 4 10 V 10 V1 EQN 2 Vout = jL2 out + jM 10 4

j M jL1 jL1 10 1 4 V 1 10 4 = jL2 Vout jM 10 jM 1 + 4 10 4 j12.6 V1 39.3 j 1 j 39 j 31.4 1 + j 62.8 V = 31.4 j out Solving, we find that Vout (= V) = 1.20 -2.108o V and hence

v(t) = 1.2 cos (100t 2.108o) V.

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Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

Chapter Thirteen Solutions

10 March 2006

9. (a)

100 = (50 + j 200) I1 + j300 I2 , (2000 + j 500) I2 + j 300 I1 = 0 I2 = j3 900 , 100 = 50 + j 200 + I1 20 + j 5 20 + j 5 900 + j 4250 I1 I1 = 0.47451 64.01 A 20 + j 5 1 = 100 0.4745cos 64.01 = 10.399 W 2
2

100 = PS ,abS

(b) (c) (d)

1 1 j3 = 4.769 W P50 = 50 0.47452 = 5.630 W, P2000 = 2000 0.47452 20 + j 5 2 2 0 each 0

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Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

Chapter Thirteen Solutions

10 March 2006

10. (a) (b) (c)

iS 1 = 4t A, iS 2 = 10t A v AG = 20 4 + 4 10 = 120 V vCG = 4 6 = 24 V vBG = 3 10 + 4 4 6 4 = 30 + 16 24 = 22 V

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Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

Chapter Thirteen Solutions

10 March 2006

11. (a)

Vab ,oc =

100 ( j 300) = 145.52 165.96 V 50 + j 200

100 = (50 + j 200) I1 + j 300 I2SC , j 500 I2SC + j 300 I1 = 0 5 5 I1 = I2 SC , 100 = (50 + j 200) + j 300 I2 SC I2 SC = 1.1142158.199 A 3 3 Zth = Vab ,bc / I2 SC = 145.52 165.96 = 130.6035.84 = 105.88 + j 76.47 1.1142158.199
145.52 = 0.6872 A 2 105.88

(b)

Z L = 105.88 j 76.47 IL = PL max =

1 0.68722 105.88 = 25.00 W 2

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Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

Chapter Thirteen Solutions

10 March 2006

12. KVL Loop 1 KVL Loop 2 KVL Loop 3

100 0 = 2(I1 I2) + j3 (I1 I3) + j2 (I2 I3) 2(I2 I1) + 10I2 + j4 (I2 I3) + j2 (I1 I3) = 0 5I3 + j3 (I3 I1) + j2 (I3 I2) + j4 (I3 I2) + j2 (I3 I1) = 0

LINEAR EQUATIONS
2 + j 3 2 + j 2 j 5 I1 1000 2 + j 2 12 + j 4 j 6 I = 0 2 5 2 5 + 11 0 j j j I 3

Since = 2f = 2(50) = 314.2 rad/s, the matrix becomes

2 + j 942.6 2 + j 628.4 j1571 I1 1000 2 + j 628.4 12 + j1257 j1885 I 2 = 0 5 + j 3456 j 628.4 j1571 I 3 0

Solving using a scientific calculator or MATLAB, we find that I1 = 278.5 -89.65o mA, I2 = 39.78 -89.43o mA, I3 = 119.4 -89.58o mA. Returning to the time domain, we thus find that i1(t) = 278.5 cos (100t 89.65o) mA, i2(t) = 39.78 cos (100t 89.43o) mA, and i3(t) = 119.4 cos (100t 89.58o) mA.

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Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

Chapter Thirteen Solutions

10 March 2006

13.
10t 2u (t ) 1000t 2 0.01 i i u (t ) = = S S t 2 + 0.01 t 2 + 0.01 15t 2 1500t 2 vx = 0.015i S = 2 u (t ), 100vx = 2 u (t ) t + 0.01 t + 0.01 d 15t 2 (t 2 + 0.01)2t t 2 2t u (t ) = 15 104 u (t ) iC = 100 106 vx = 104 2 dt t + 0.01 (t 2 + 0.01) 2 vs =

iC = 15 104

0.02t 30t iC (t ) = 2 A, 2 (t + 0.01) (t + 0.01) 2

2

t>0

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Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

Chapter Thirteen Solutions

10 March 2006

14. (a) (b)

v A (t ) = L1i 1 Mi 2, vB (t ) = L1i1 Mi 2 + L 2 i 2 Mi1

V1(j) = jL1 IA + jM(IB + IA) V2(j) = jL2 (IB + IA) + jMIA

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Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

Chapter Thirteen Solutions

10 March 2006

15. (a) 100 = j5 (I1 I2) + j3I2 + 6(I1 I3) [1]

(4 + j4)I2 + j3 (I1 I2) + j2 (I3 I2) + j6 (I2 I3) j2 I2 + j5 (I2 I1) [2] j 3 I2 = 0 6 (I3 I1) + j6 (I3 I2) + j2 I2 + 5 I3 = 0 Collecting terms, (6 + j5) I1 j2 I2 6 I3 = 100 -j2 I1 + (4 + j5) I2 j4 I3 = 0 -6 I1 - j4 I2 + (11 + j6) I3 = 0 (b) For = 2 rad/s, we find (6 + j10) I1 j4 I2 6 I3 = 100 -j4 I1 + (4 + j10) I2 j8 I3 = 0 -6 I1 j8 I2 + (11 + j12) I3 = 0 Solving, I3 = 4.32 -54.30o A [1] [2] [3] [3]

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Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

Chapter Thirteen Solutions

10 March 2006

16. (a)

Va = jL1 I a + jM I b Vb = jL2 I b + jM I a V1 = I1 R1 + Va

I a = I1 Ib = I 2

= I1 R1 + j L1 I a + jM I b = I1 R1 + j L1 I1 jM I 2
V2 = I 2 R2 Vb

= I 2 R2 j L2 I b jM I a = I 2 R2 + j L2 I 2 jM I1 (b) Assuming that the systems connecting the transformer are fully isolated.
Va = jL1 I a + jMI b Vb = jL2 I b + jMI a V1 = I1 R Va I a = I1 Ib = I 2

= I1 R jL1 I a jM I b = I1 R + jL1 I1 + jM I 2
V2 = Vb + I b R2

= I 2 R2 + j L2 I b + jM I a = I 2 R2 j L2 I 2 jM I1

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Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

Chapter Thirteen Solutions

10 March 2006

17. (a)
2 (0.2) 2 Z = 2 + j0.1 + 5 + j 0.5 52 (0.2) 2 j0.5 2 (0.2) 2 = 2 + j 0.1 + 2 2 5 + (0.5) 2 5 + (0.5) 2 = 2+ 0.22 0.022 0.1 + j 25 + 0.252 25 + 0.252

(b)

(c)

Zin(j) at = 50 is equal to 2 + 0.769 + j(50)(0.023) = 2.77 + j1.15 .

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Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

Chapter Thirteen Solutions

10 March 2006

18.
Z in = Z11 +
2 M 2 Z 22 2 M 2 8 + j10 103 2 M 2 8 j10 103 2 M 82 + (10 103 ) 2 82 + (10 103 ) 2

= j50 103 +

Z in = j50 103 +

10 103 2 M 2 2 M 2 8 3 = 2 + j 50 10 2 8 + (10 103 ) 2 8 + (10 103 ) 2

In this circuit the real power delivered by the source is all consumed at the speaker, so 1 2 2 2 V 20 M 28 P = rms 3.2 = 3 2 2 R 2 8 (10 10 ) 2 M 2 8 202 2 = 8 + (10 103 ) 2 2 3.2 = 62.5 W

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Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

Chapter Thirteen Solutions

10 March 2006

19. (a)

iS 1 = 2 cos10t A, iS 2 = 1.2 cos10t A v1 = 0.6(20sin10t ) 0.2(12sin10t ) + 0.5(32sin10t ) + 9.6 cos10t v1 = 9.6 cos10t 25.6sin10t = 27.34 cos (10t + 69.44) V

(b)

v2 = 0.8(12sin10t ) 0.2(20sin10t ) 16sin10t + 9.6 cos10t v2 = 9.6 cos10t 21.6sin10t = 23.64 cos (10t + 66.04) V

(c)

1 1 PS 1 = 27.34 2 cos 69.44 = 9.601 W, PS 2 = 23.64 1.2 cos 66.04 = 5.760 W 2 2

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Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

Chapter Thirteen Solutions

10 March 2006

20.

Va = j8 I a + j4 I b * Vb = j10 I b + j4 I a = j10 I b + j5 I c Vc = j6 I c + j5 I b

Also I = I a = I b = I c Now examine equation *. j10 I j4 I = j10 I + j5 I c the only solution to this circuit is I = and hence

v(t ) = 120 cos t V.

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Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

Chapter Thirteen Solutions

10 March 2006

21.
100 = j10 I1 j15 I2 0 = j 200 I2 j15 I1 j15 IL 0 = (5 + j10) IL j15 I2 I2 = 1+ j2 5 + j10 1+ j2 IL = IL 0 = j 200 j15 IL j15 I1 j15 j3 j3

200 j118.33 + 66.67 400 0 = j j15 + IL IL j15 I1 I1 = 3 j15 3 2 100 = (66.67 + j118.33) 5 j10 IL = (39.44 + j 68.89) IL 3 IL = 1.2597 60.21 A

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Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

Chapter Thirteen Solutions

10 March 2006

22. (a) (b)

is = 2 cos10t A, t = 0 1 1 a b O.C. w(0) = 5 22 + 4 22 = 10 + 8 = 18 J 2 2

1 12 = 3 H 2 j 20 3 = 1.13909.462A i2 = 1.1390 cos (10t + 9.462) A ( j 30 + 5) I2 j10 3 2, I2 = 5 + j 30 1 i2 (0) = 1.1235 w(0) = 10 + 8 3 2 1.1235 + 3 1.12352 = 16.001 J 2 a b S.C. = 10, IS = 20 A, M =

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Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

Chapter Thirteen Solutions

10 March 2006

23. Vs = 120 V rms, = 100 rad/s

12 = (6 + j 20) I1 + j100(0.4K) I2 , (24 + j80) I2 + j 40K I1 = 0 I1 = 12 = 3 + j10 3 + j10 + j 40K I2 I2 12 = (6 + j 20) j 5K j 5K j 60K 18 200 + j 60 + j 60 + 200K 2 I2 I2 = j 5K 182 + 200K 2 + j120 86, 400 K 2 2.16K 2 602 K 2 24 = = W (200K 2 182) 2 + 1202 40, 000K 4 72,800K 2 + 47,524 K 4 1.82K 2 + 1.1881

P24 =

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Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

Chapter Thirteen Solutions

10 March 2006

24.

M 2
M L1 L2

Zin

k=

j10

= 250k rad / s

M = L1 L2 = 2 80 106 = 12.6H

Zin n = Z11 +

2 M 2 R22 jM 2 2 X 22 + 2 2 2 2 R22 + X 22 R22 + X 22 R22 = 2 X 22 = (250 103 ) (80 106 ) = 20

Z11 = j 250 103 2 106

= j 0.5 Thus, Zin = j0.5 + 19.8/404 j198/ 404 = 0.049 + j0.010 .

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Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

Chapter Thirteen Solutions

10 March 2006

25. (a)

= 100 rad/s

K1 j 50, K 2 j 20, 1H j100 100 = j200 I1 j 50 I2 j 20 I3 0 = (10 + j100) I2 j 50 I1 0 = (20 + j100) I3 j 20 I1 I3 = j2 j5 j5 j2 I1 , I2 = I1 10 = j 20 j 5 I1 j2 2 + j10 1 + j10 1 + j10 2 + j10

25 4 10 = j 20 + + I1 I1 = 0.5833 88.92 A, I2 = 0.2902 83.20 A, 1 + j10 2 + j10 I3 = 0.11440 77.61 A P10 = 0.29022 10 = 0.8422 W
(b)

P20 = 0.11442 20 = 0.2617 W Pgen = 100 0.5833cos88.92 = 1.1039 W

(c)

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Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

Chapter Thirteen Solutions

10 March 2006

26. (a)

k=

M L1 L2

M = 0.4 5 1.8 = 1.2H (b)

I1 + I 2 = I 3 I 2 = I 3 I1 = 5 10 4 10
t 5 t 10

(c)

The total energy stored at t = 0.

I1 = 4 A W total = I 2 = 1A

1 1 2 + M 12 I1 I 2 L1 I12 + L2 I 2 2 2 1 1 = 5 16 + 1.8 1 1.2 4 1 2 2 = 40 + 0.9 4.8 = 36.1J

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Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

Chapter Thirteen Solutions

10 March 2006

27. K j1000K L1L 2 , L1 j1000L1 , L 2 j1000L 2

Vs = (2 + j1000L1 ) I1 j1000K L1L 2 I2 0 = j1000K L1L 2 I1 + (40 + j1000L 2 ) I2 = 1000 rad/s I1 = Vs = I2 = 40 + j1000L 2 I2 j1000K L1L 2

(2 + j1000L1 )(40 + j1000L 2 ) + 106 K 2 L1L 2 I2 j1000K L1L 2 j1000K L1L 2 80 + j 40, 000L1 + j 2000L 2 106 L1L 2 (1 K 2 )

j 40, 000K L1L 2 V2 = 6 Vs 80 10 L1L 2 (1 K 2 ) + j (40, 000L1 + 2000L 2 )

(a)

L1 = 103 , L2 = 25 103 , K = 1

V2 j 40 5 j 200 = = = 1.660941.63 Vs 80 0 + j (40 + 50) 80 + j 90

(b)

L1 = 1, L 2 = 25, K = 0.99

V2 j 40, 000 0.99 5 = 6 V3 80 25 10 (1 0.992 ) + j (40, 000 + 50, 000)

V2 j198, 000 = = 0.3917 79.74 VS 80 497,500 + j 90, 000

(c)

L1 = 1, L 2 = 25, K = 1

V2 j 40, 000 5 j 200, 000 = = = 2.2220.05093 Vs 80 0 + j 90, 000 80 + j 90, 000

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Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

Chapter Thirteen Solutions

10 March 2006

28. (a)

L AB ,CDOC = 10 mH, LCD , ABOC = 5 mH L AB ,CDSC = 8 mH L1 = 10 mH, L 2 = 5 mH, 8 = 10 M + M (5 M) (mH) 8 = 10 M + K = M(5 M) , 5M = (10 8)5 + 5M M 2 M = 3.162 mH (= 10) 5

3.162 K = 0.4472 50

(b)

Dots at A and D, i1 = 5 A, wtot = 100 mJ 1 1 2 100 103 = 10 103 25 + 5 103 i2 10 5i2 103 2 2 2 10 40 40 2 2 5 10 i2 i2 2 10 i2 + 10 = 0, i2 = = 10 100 = 125 + 2.5i2 2 i2 = 3.162 A

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Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

Chapter Thirteen Solutions

10 March 2006

29.

Define coil voltages v1 and v2 with the + reference at the respective dot. Also define two clockwise mesh currents i1 and i2. We may then write:
dI1 dI +M 2 dt dt dI dI v2 = L2 2 + M 1 dt dt v1 = L1
M = k L1 L2

= 260 rad / s

or, using phasor notation,

V1 = jL1 I1 + jM I 2 V2 = jL2 I 2 + jM I1

1000 = 50 I1 + jL1 I1 + jM I 2 25 I 2 = jL2 I 2 + jM I1 Rearrange: [50 + jL1 ] I1 + jMI 2 = 1000

jMI1 [25 + jL2 ] I 2 = 0

or

jM I1 1000 50 + jL1 jM = 25 + jL2 I2 0

We can solve for I2 and V2 = 25I2:

V2 =
j1.658 k L1L 2 + 1

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Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

Chapter Thirteen Solutions

10 March 2006

30.
i1 = 2 cos 500t A Wmax at t = 0 1 1 1 wmax = 4 22 + 6 22 + 5 22 + 3 22 2 2 2 = 8 + 12 + 10 + 12 = 42 J

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Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

Chapter Thirteen Solutions

10 March 2006

31.

(a) Reflected impedance =

2M 2
Z 22

Z 22 = 2 + 7320 + j102 where = 100

Thus, the reflected impedance is 4.56 j3.94 n (essentially zero). (b) Zin = Z11 + reflected impedance = 10 + j(20102) + (4.56 j3.94)109 = 10 + j62.84 (essentially Z11 due to small reflected impedance)

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Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

Chapter Thirteen Solutions

10 March 2006

32.

Reflected impedance =

2M 2
Z 22

2M 2 . 3.5 + j ( L2 + X L ) 2106 . 3.5 + j (103 + X L )

We therefore require 1 + j ( 3 103 ) = Thus,

2106 3 = 0.448 + j 3.438 . XL = j j 3.5 10 3 j 1 3 10 +

This is physically impossible; to be built, XL must be a real number.

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Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

Chapter Thirteen Solutions

10 March 2006

33.

M = 5 H. L1 M = 4 H, therefore L1 = 9 H L2 M = 6 H, therefore L2 = 11 H.

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Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

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34.

Lz = L1 M = 300 200 = 100 mH Ly = L2 M = 500 200 = 300 mH Lx = M = 200 mH

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35. (a) (b) (c) (d)

All DC: L1 2 = 2 1 = 1 H AB SC: L1 2 = 1 + 2 8 = 0.6 H

BC SC: L1 2 = 2 + ( 1) 9 = 2 9 / 8 = 0.875 H AC SC: L1 2 = (2 1) (1 + 2) = 1 3 = 0.750 H

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Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

Chapter Thirteen Solutions

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36. (a)

IL = VS

1 j 2 (20 + j ) 15 + j 3 + 20 + j 3 j 2 300 11 2 + j145

j 2 20 + j 3

= (b)

vs (t ) = 100u (t ), is (0) = 0, iL (0) = 0, s1,2 = iL = iLf + iLn , iLf = 0, iL = Ae 2.57 t

145 1452 13, 200 = 2.570, 10.612 22 + Be 10.61t , 0 = A + B

100 = 15is + 5is 2iL , 0 = 20iL + 3iL 2is At t = 0 + : 100 = 0 + 5is (0 + ) 2iL (0 + ) and 0 = 0 + 3iL (0+ ) 2is (0+ ) is (0+ ) = 1.5iL (0+ ) 100 = 7.5iL (0+ ) 2iL (0+ ) = 5.5iL (0+ ) iL (0+ ) = 18.182 A/s 18.182 = 2.57A 10.61B = 2.57A + 10.61A = 8.042A A = 2.261, B = 2.261, iL (t ) = 2.261(e 2.57 t e10.612t ) A, t > 0

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Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

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37.

(a)

Open-Circuit
TA Z oc = j4 M T B Z oc = j4 M

(b)

Short-Circuit
TA T B Z SS = Z SS = j4 M + j8 j10 M

(c)

If the secondary is connected in parallel with the primary

TA Z in = j4 j10 + j8 M T B Z in = j26 j12 j8 M

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Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

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38.

Define three clockwise mesh currents I1, I2, and I3 beginning with the left-most mesh.
Vs = j8 I1 j4 I2 0 = -4j I1 + (5 + j6) I2 j2 I3 0 = -j2 I2 + (3 + j) I3

Solving, I3 = j / (15 + j17). Since Vo = 3 I3,

Vo j 3 = VS 15 + j17

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39.

Leq = 2/ 3 + 1 + 2 + 6/5 = 4.867 H Z(j) = 10 j (4.867)/ (10 + j4.867) = j4.867/ (1 + j0.4867) .

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Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

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40. = 100 rad/s Vs = 1000 V rms (a)

Zina b = 20 + j 600 + j 400(10 j 200) 80, 000 + j 4, 000 = 20 + j 600 + 10 + j 200 10 + j 200

= 210.773.48o V and Voc = 0.

(b)

VOC ,cd =

100( j 400) = 39.991.146 V rms 20 + j1000 240, 000 + j8, 000 j 400(20 + j 600) = j 200 + = 40.1985.44 Zincd , VS = 0 = j 200 + 20 + j1000 20 + j1, 000

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Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

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41. (a)

L1 = 1 H, L 2 = 4 H, K = 1, = 1000 rad/s
Z L = 1000 Zin = j1000 + 106 1 4 = 24.98 + j 0.6246 j 4000 + 100

(b)

4 106 Z L = j1000 0.1 Zin = j1000 + = j 24.39 j 4000 + j100 ZL = j100 Zin = j1000 + 4 106 = j 25.46 j 4000 j100

(c)

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Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

Chapter Thirteen Solutions

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42.
L1 = 6 H, L 2 = 12 H, M = 5 H #1, LinAB ,CDOC = 6 H #2, LinCD , ABOC = 12 H #3, LinAB ,CDSC = 1 + 7 5 = 3.917 H #4, LinCD , ABSC = 7 + 5 1 = 7.833 H #5, LinAC , BDSC = 7 + 1 = 8 H #6, LinAB , ACSC , BDSC = 7 1 + 5 = 5.875 H #7, LinAD , BCSC = 11 + 17 = 28 H #8, LinAB , ADSC = 5 + 11/17 = 1.6786 H

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Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

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43.
Z in = Z11 + 2 M 2 R22 + jX 22

1 1 = 31.83 = = 314 rad / s 31.83 C C ie. a 50Hz system Z in = 20 + j100 103 + Z in = 20 + j100 103 + 2 k 2 L1 L2 2 j 31.83

2 k 2 L1 L2 2 j2 k 2 L1 L2 31.83 22 + 31.832 22 + 31.832 7840 2 493 = 20 + j 31.4 + j k 1020 1020 = 20 + j 31.4 + [0.483 j 7.69]k 2 (a) Z in (k = 0) = 20 + j 31.4 (b) Z in (k = 0.5) = 20.2 + j 27.6 (c) Z in (k = 0.9) = 20.4 + j 24.5 (d) Z (k = 1.0) = 20.5 + j 23.7
in

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Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

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44. (a)

L1 125 H, L 2 20 H, K = 1, M = 2500 = 50 H, jM = j 5000 Zina b = 20 + j 7500 + = 20 + j 7500 +

j 5000(10 j 3000) 10 + j 2000

15 106 + j 50, 000 = 82.4990.2170 10 + j 2000

= 82.498 + j 0.3125 VOC = 0 (b)

VOC ,cd =

100( j 5000) = 39.999950.09167 V rms 20 + j12,500 j 5000(20 + j 7500) Zincd , VS = 0 = j 3000 + = 3.19999 + j 0.00512 20 + j12,500

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Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

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45.

280 2 = 0.438A 1280 1000 2 = 1.56A Ib = 1280

Ia =

I1 = 1.56A I 2 = 5 1.56 = 7.8A I 3 = 1.5 7.8 A = 11.7A

2 P(1k ) = I a R

= 0.4382 1 103 = 192W P(30) = I12 R = (1.56) 2 30 = 73W P(1) = I R = 7.82 1

2 2

= 60.8W P(4) = I 32 R = 11.7 2 4 = 548W

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Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

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46. (a)

R L sees 10 42 = 160 use R L = 160 PL max 100 = 10 = 250 W 20

2

(b)

R L = 100 V2 V1 3V1 = 40 40 I 3V 4V 3V 100 = 10 I1 1 + V1 , 1 = 1 + 1 4 40 100 40 I 2 = I1 / 4, V2 = 4 V1 I X = I1 = 0.46V1 100 = 10(0.46V1 0.075V1 ) + V1 = 4.85 V1 V1 = V2 = 4V1 = 400 82.47 2 = 82.47 V PL = = 68.02 W 4.85 100 100 4.85

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47. V2 V I1 = 2 , V1 = 5V2 8 40 100 = 300(C + 0.025) V2 + 5V2 I2 = V2 = 100 12.5 + 300C 82 C = 0 V2 = 8 V PL = = 8 W 8

100 100 1 C = 0.04 V2 = PL = = 2.082 W (neg. fdbk ) 24.5 24.5 8 C = 0.04 V2 = 100 2002 = 200 V PL = = 5000 W (pos. fdbk ) 0.5 8
2

(a)

(b)

(c)

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48.
Apply Vab = 1 V Ix = 0.05 A, V2 = 4 V 4 1 = 0.05 A 60 I1 = 0.2 A Iin = 0.25 A R th = 4 , Vth = 0 4 = 60 I2 + 20 0.05 I2 =

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Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

Chapter Thirteen Solutions

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49.

Pgen = 1000 W, P100 = 500 W IL = 500 = 5 A, VL = 100 5 V 100 1000 IS = = 10 A V1 = 100 40 = 60 V 100 Now, P25 = 1000 500 102 4 = 100W I X = 100 = 2 A; also 25

Ix = b 5 = 2, b =

2 = 0.8944 5

Around center mesh: 60a = 2 25 + 100 5

1 300 a = =5 0.8944 60

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Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

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50. (a)

16 22 22 2 4 16 , +2= , 3 = (3) = 66 3 3 3 3 3 100 = 1.09890 A = I1 66 + 25 = 91 91

(b) (c) (d) (e) (f)

I2 = 3I1 = 3.2970 A 4 I3 = 3.297 = 4.396180 A 3 P25 = 25 1.09892 = 30.19 W P2 = 3.297 2 2 = 21.74 W P3 = 4.3962 3 = 57.96 W

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Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

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51. V1 = 2.5 V2 , I1 = 0.4 I2 , I50 = I2 + 0.1 V2

60 = 40(0.4 I2 ) 2.5V2 I2 = 60 + 2.5 V2 16 Also, 60 = 50 ( I2 + 0.1 V2 ) + V2 = 50 I2 + 6V2

60 + 2.5 V2 60 = 50 + 6 V2 = 187.5 + (7.8125 + 6) V2 16 60 187.5 V2 = = 9.231 V 13.8125

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Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

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52. 400 = 16 , 16 48 = 12, 12 + 4 = 16 52 16 10 = 4 Is = = 2 A P1 = 4 W 2 2 4 +1 2 = 1 A P4 = 4 W, 10 2 1 = 8 V 2 8 2 = 16 V, 16 4 1 = 12 V, 122 / 48 = 3 W = P48 , 12 5 = 60 V P400 = 602 =9 W 400

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53. I1 = 2I 2 , 2I 2 = I s + I x I x + I s 2I 2 = 0 1 100 = 3I s + (4I 2 + 20I 2 20I x ) 2 10I x 3I s 12I 2 = 100 100 = 3 I s 5I x + 20I 2 20I x 25I x 3I s 20I 2 = 100 0 1 2

100 3 12 IX = 100 3 20 800 0 + 100(26) 100(18) = = = 4.819 A 1 1 2 1(60 36) 10(20 6) + 25(12 6) 166 10 3 12 25 3 20

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Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

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54. (a)
50 10 = 25 25 100 V VAB = 1 4 = 3 3 3
2

100 1 1000 P10AB = = = 111.11 W 9 3 10 25 252 VCD = 1 3 = 62.5 W = 25 V, P10CD = 3 10

(b)

Specify 3 A and 4 A in secondaries I AB = I f + 4 25 25 (I f + 4) = (I f 3) 3 3 2I f = 7, I f = 3.5 A ICD = Ib 3 VAB = VCD = P10 AB = P10CD 25 25 (3.5 + 4) = V 3 6 25 1 = = 1.7361 W 6 10
2

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Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

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55.

Corrections required to the problem text: both speakers that comprise the load are 4- devices. We desire a circuit that will connect the signal generator (whose Thvenin resistance is 4 ) to the individual speakers such that one speaker receives twice the power delivered to the other. One possible solution of many:

We can see from analysing the above circuit that the voltage across the right-most 1.732 speaker will be or 2 times that across the left speaker. Since power is 1.225 proportional to voltage squared, twice as much power is delivered to the right speaker.

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Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

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56.

(a) We assume Vsecondary = 2300o V as a phasor reference. Then,

Iunity PF load = I0.8 PF load =

8000 o 0 = 34.80o A 230

and

15000 cos 1 0.8 = 65.2 36.9o A 230 230 34.80o + 65.2 - 36.9o 2300

Thus, Iprimary =

= 0.1 (86.9 j39.1) = 9.5 -24.3o A (b) The magnitude of the secondary current is limited to 25103/230 = 109 A. If we include a new load operating at 0.95 PF lagging, whose current is

I0.95 PF load = | I0.95 PF load | (-cos-1 0.95) = | I0.95 PF load | -18.2o A,

then the new total secondary current is 86.9 j39.1 + | I0.95 PF load | cos 18.2o j | I0.95 PF load | sin 18.2o A.

Thus, we may equate this to the maximum rated current of the secondary:

109 =

(86.9 + | I

0.95 PF load

| cos 18.2o

(39.1 + | I

0.95 PF load

| sin 18.2o

Solving, we find | I 0.95 PF load |2 = - 189 189 2 + (4)(2800) 2

So, |I0.95 PF load | = 13.8 A (or 203 A, which is nonsense). This transformer, then, can deliver to the additional load a power of 13.80.95230 = 3 kW.

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Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

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57.

After careful examination of the circuit diagram, we (fortunately or unfortunately) determine that the meter determines individual IQ based on age alone. A simplified version of the circuit then, is simply a 120 V ac source, a 28.8-k resistor and a (242)RA resistor all connected in series. The IQ result is equal to the power (W) dissipated in resistor RA divided by 1000. 120 P= 28.8 103 + 576R 576R A A 1 120 576 Age Thus, IQ = 3 1000 28.8 10 + 576 Age (a) Implementation of the above equation with a given age will yield the measured IQ. (b) The maximum IQ is achieved when maximum power is delivered to resistor RA, which will occur when 576RA = 28.8103, or the persons age is 50 years. (c) Well, now, this arguably depends on your answer to part (a), and your own sense of ethics. Hopefully youll do the right thing, and simply write to the Better Business Bureau. And watch less television.
2 2

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58.

We require a transformer that converts 240 V ac to 120 V ac, so that a turns ratio of 2:1 is needed. We attach a male european plug to the primary coil, and a female US plug to the secondary coil. Unfortunately, we are not given the current requirements of the CD writer, so that we will have to over-rate the transformer to ensure that it doesnt overheat. Checking specifications on the web for an example CD writer, we find that the power supply provides a dual DC output: 1.2 A at 5 V, and 0.8 A at 12 V. This corresponds to a total DC power delivery of 15.6 W. Assuming a moderately efficient ac to DC converter is being used (e.g. 80% efficient), the unit will draw approximately 15.6/0.8 or 20 W from the wall socket. Thus, the secondary coil should be rated for at least that (lets go for 40 W, corresponding to a peak current draw of about 333 mA). Thus, we include a 300-mA fuse in series with the secondary coil and the US plug for safety.

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59.

You need to purchase (and wire in) a three-phase transformer rated at 3 (208)(10) = 3.6 kVA. The turns ratio for each phase needs to be 400:208 or 1.923.

( )

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60.

(a) The input to the left of the unit will have the shape:

and the output voltage will be:

We need to reduce the magnitude from 115-V (rms) to a peak voltage of 5 V. The corresponding peak voltage at the input will be 115 2 = 162.6 V, so we require a transformer with a turns ratio of 162.6:5 or about 32.5:1, connected as shown:

115 V rms ac

a = 1/ 32.5 (b) If we wish to reduce the ripple in the output voltage, we can connect a capacitor in parallel with the output terminals. The necessary size will depend on the maximum allowable ripple voltage and the minimum anticipated load resistance. When the input voltage swings negative and the output voltage tries to reduce to follow, current will flow out of the capacitor to reduce the amount of voltage drop that would otherwise occur.

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