28 (IMO1987

1. pn(k) {1, 2, 3, ... , n} k k 0 n (k pn(k) )

n!
[ S S i f f(i) = i]
2. ABC A BC L ABC N L AB,AC
KM AKNM ABC
3. x1, x2, ... , xn x12 + x22 + ... + xn2 = 1 k
>= 2 0 a1, a2, ... , an i |ai| <= k - 1
|a1x1 + a2x2 + ... + anxn| <= (k - 1)n/(kn-1)
4. f n f(f(n)) = n + 1987

5. n 3 n

6. n 2 0<=k<=n/3 k2 + k + n
0<=k<=n-2 k2 + k + n