HIDROSTTICA

CASO 1: PRESIN DE FLUIDOS

PO

Po = 101 324 Pa
a)Pabs = ?
1,5m
b)Pman = ?
SOLUCIN:
a) Pabs = Po + Pman

= Po + gh

Pabs = 101324 N/m2 + (1025 kg/m3)(9,8m/s2)(1,5m)

PPabs
=
abs =

2
N/m
N/m2

b) Pman = Pabs - PO
Pman =
PPman
=
man =

N/m2 - 101324 N/m2

22
N/m
N/m =
=

Pa
Pa

CASO 2: PRESIN ESTATICA SANGUNEA

C

P = 100 mm Hg
a)Pman(A) = ?

h2 = 0,35m

b)Pman(C) = ?

h1 = 1,25m

SOLUCIN:
a) Pman(A) = PB + gh1

Pman(A) = 100 mm Hg + 1050 kg/m3 x 9,8 m/s2 x 1,25m

PPman(A)
=
man(A) =

mm
mm Hg
Hg =
=

Pa
Pa

b) Pman(C) = PB - gh2
Pman(C) = 100 mm Hg (1050 kg/m3)(9,8m/s2)(0,35m)

PPman(C)
=
man(C) =

Pa
Pa =
=

mm
mm Hg
Hg

CASO 3: PRESIN MANOMTRICA

F = 0,25 kgf
D = 1,2 cm
a)P = ? (en pascales)
b)Fmin = ? (en newton)
Si PV = 10 mm Hg
SOLUCIN:
a) Pb

F
0,25kgf
=
=

A
2
(1,2cm)
4

kgf / cm 2

PP =
=

lbf/cm
lbf/cm22 =
=

b) Pb = Pv

Fmin/A

N/m
N/m22 =
=

Pa
Pa

= PV

Fmin = (PV)(A) = (12 mm Hg) [(/4)(1,2 cm)2]

FFmin
=
min =

kgf/mc
kgf/mc22 =
=

Pa
Pa

CASO 4: PRESIN MANOMTRICA PULMONAR

Pman = - 8 cm H2O
Po = 1030 cm H2O
Pabs = ?

(en cm H2O, Pa y mm Hg)

SOLUCIN:

O2

1 Pabs = P0 + Pman
Pabs = 1030 cm H2O + (-8 cm H2O)

PPabs =
1023 cm H O
abs = 1023 cm H22O
2 Pabs = 1023 cm H2O x (98 Pa / cm H2O) = 100 254 Pa
3
= 100 254 Pa x mm Hg / 133 Pa = 754 mm Hg
3 PPabs
abs = 100 254 Pa x mm Hg / 133 Pa = 754 mm Hg

CASO 5: PRESIN ALVEOLAR

PSVC

Palv = -80 mm Hg
(aspiracin intensa)

a)hH2O = ? (en mm)

b)Pvino = ? (en mm)

SOLUCIN:
a) P1 = P2

Palv + gh1 = PO

Palv PO = - gh1

Palv - PO
- 80mmHg
h1 =
=
- 1g
- (1000kg / m 3 )(9,8m / s 2 )
h1 =

b)

h1 =

Palv - PO
=
- 2g

m =
- 80mmHg
(980kg / m 3 )(9,8m / s 2 )

cm =
=

mm
m =

cm =

mm

CASO 6: PRESIN DE SISTEMAS NO MISCIBLES

=?
r = ?

r1 = 1,02

Pman(3) = 2400 N/m

Lquido
muestra

SOLUCIN:

1 P3 = P0 + 1gh1 + 2gh2

5 cm

15 cm
3

P3 PO = 1gh1 + 2gh2

Pman(3) = (1020 kg/m3)(9,8m/s2)(0,05m) + (9,8m/s2)(0,15m)

=
2 =
r

1900N / m2

1292
kg
/
m
1,47m2 / s2

H2O

1292kg / m 3
1000kg / m 3

= 1,29

r = 1,25

CASO 7: PRESIN MANOMTRICA

SOLUCIN:
1 Por izquierda:
PA = Pc + gh1 --------- (1)
2 Por derecha:
PA = PB + gh2 ---------(2)

B
C

Plasma

Plasma

h1 = 60cm

3 PC + gh1 = PB + gh2
PC + gh1 = PO + gh2
PC PO = gh2 - gh1 = g (h2 h1)
Pman(C) = 1030kg/m3 x 9,8m/s2(0,90 0,60)m

PPman(C)
=
man(C) =

Pa
Pa =
=

mm
mm Hg
Hg

h2 = 90cm

CASO 8:

PRESIONES PARCIALES DE N y O2 EN
PROCESO RESPIRACIN

h = 3500 m
a) PL = ?
b) PN = ?
c) Po2 = ?
SOLUCIN:
a) PL = PO e-0,00012 h
PL = [101324 e-0,00012(3500) ] N/m2

PL 66575 Pa 0,66 atm 502 mm Hg.

b) PN = 78 % (PL) = 0,78(0,66 atm) 0,51 atm
c) Po2= 21 % (PL) = 0,21(0,66 atm) 0,14 atm

3500 m

CASO 9: PRESIN ESTTICA DE FLUIDO

PV = 12 mm Hg
= 1,03 g/cm3
a) PA = ?
b) PA = ?
c) PA/PA = ?
d) PA/PV = ? Y PA/PV = ?

Plasma

Plasma

h1 = 1,5m

h2 = 1,2m

SOLUCIN:

a) PA = PO + gh1 = 101324 N/m2 + (1030 kg/m3) (9,8 m/s2)(1,5 m)

PA =

Pa =

mm Hg

b) PA = PO + gh2 = 101324 N/m2 + (1030 kg/m3) (9,8 m/s2)(1,2 m)

PA =

Pa =

PA
=
P' A

mmHg
mmHg

P
d) A =
PV

mmHg
=
12 mmHg

c)

mm Hg

P' A
mmHg
=
=
PV
12 mmHg

CASO 10: DETERMINACIN DE DENSIDAD CON LQUIDOS NO MISCIBLES

1 = 0,8 g/cm3
2 = 1,02 g/cm3
a) 3 = ?
b) Pabs(3) = ?
c) Pman(3) = ?
SOLUCIN:

h1 = 15 cm
h2 = 1,2m

h2 = 10 cm

3
h3 = 30 cm

a) P2 = P3

Po + 3gh3 = Po + 1gh1 + 2g(h2+h3)

3 = [ (1h1) + 2(h2 + h3) ] / h3
3 = [ (0,8g/cm3)(15cm) + (1,02g/cm3)(40 cm) ] / 30 cm

3 =

g/cm3

Po + 1gh1 + 2g(h2 + h3)

b) Pabs(3) =

Pabs(3)

101324 N/m2 + (800 kg/m3)(9,8 m/s2)(0,15m) +

(1020 kg/m3)(9,8 m/s2)(0,4m)

Pabs(3) =

b) Pman(3)

Pa =

Pman(3) =

atm

- 101324 Pa
Pa =

atm

CASO 11: PRESIN ABSOLUTA Y MANOMTRICA DE FLUIDOS

aire = 1,3 kg/m3

H2O = 1000 Kg/m3

H2O
1

Aire C.
1

Paire / PH O = ?
2

SOLUCIN:

25 cm

CASO A:

P1 = P4 + Hggh

Paire C. = P1 - PO

Hg
2

CASO A

P1 = PO + Hggh
P1 PO = Hggh

25 cm

Hg
2

P2 = P 3

CASO B

(13600 kg/m3)(9,8 m/s2)(0,25 m)

Pa

CASO B:
P2 = P3
P1 + H20gh = P4 + Hggh
P1 + H20gh = PO + Hggh

P1 + (1000 kg/m3)(9,8 m/s2)(0,25 m) = PO + (13600 kg/m3) (9,8 m/s2)(0,25m)

PH2O. = P1 - PO
Paire
=
PH2O

Pa
Pa
=
Pa

CASO 12: PRESIN MANOMTRICA NEGATIVA (VACO RELATIVO)

Vaco

Hg = 13,6
Pman = ? (en tanque)

SOLUCIN:
1

GAS

1
15 cm

Hg
2

P2 = P 3

P1 + Hggh = P3
P1 + Hggh = PO
P1 PO = -Hggh

Pman = P1 - PO

= - (13600 kg/m3)(9,8 m/s2)(0,15 m)

= -

Pa = -

mmHg

CASO 13: COMPRESORA DE AIRE

Lectura en manmetro = 14 Psi
a) Pabs = ? (en mm Hg)
b) Pman = ? (en Pa y en mm Hg)

SOLUCIN:
a) Pabs = PO + Pman
Pabs = 760 mm Hg + 14 lbf/pulg2

Pabs =

mmHg
3

b) Pman = 14 lbf/pulg2 x 4,4 N/lbf x pulg2/(2,54)2cm2 x cm2/10-4m2

Pmans =

Pa =

mmHg

CASO 14: DENSIDAD DE RGANO FLOTANTE EN LQUIDO

VE = 1/5 V
L = 1,5 g/cm3
a) o = ?
b) = ?
c) o = ?
o

SOLUCIN:

a) D.C.L. (rgano)
Fy = 0
EW=O E=W
LgVs = OgV
O =
L(4/5 V) = OV
b) O = W/V = 0g = (

c) O = 1/0 = 1/(

g/cm3
g/cm3) (980 cm/s2) =

g/cm3)

din/cm3

cm3/g

CASO 15: RELACIN DE EMPUJES HIDROSTTICOS

VE1 = 1/5 V (supuesto)

VE1 = 2/5 V (supuesto)
E1 / E2 = ?
SOLUCIN:
1 = 1,03 g/cm3

2 = 1,5 g/cm3

E1 = 1gVs
E1 = 1g(4/5 V) -------(1)
w

E2 = 2gVs
E2 = 2g(3/5 V) -------(2)

w
E1

E1 / E2 = [ 1g (4/5 V) ] / [ 2g (3/5 V) ]
E1 / E 2 =

E2