1

LI NI U
Tng iu tra nng thn, nng nghip v thu sn nm 2011 c thc hin trn phm vi c nc vo thi im 01/7/2011 theo Quyt nh s 1785/Q-TTg ngy 27 thng 9 nm 2010 ca Th tng Chnh ph. y l cuc Tng iu tra c tin hnh theo chu k 5 nm/ln theo Chng trnh iu tra quc gia (ban hnh theo Quyt nh s 144/2008/Q-TTg ngy 29/10/2008 ca Th tng Chnh ph) v l ln th t nc ta1. Mc ch ch yu ca TT NTNN 2011 l thu thp thng tin c bn v nng thn, nng nghip v thu sn : (i) nh gi thc trng, phn tch xu hng, xy dng k hoch, chin lc pht trin khu vc nng nghip, nng thn v ci thin mc sng dn c nng thn trn phm vi c nc cng nh tng a phng; (ii) nh gi kt qu thc hin mt s ni dung trong cc chng trnh mc tiu quc gia v cng nghip ho, hin i ho nng nghip, nng thn v xy dng nng thn mi; phc v so snh quc t v cc ch tiu trong khu vc nng nghip v nng thn; (iii) xy dng c s d liu ca khu vc nng nghip v nng thn, phc v cng tc nghin cu chuyn su v lm dn chn mu cho mt s cuc iu tra nh k ca cc nm tip theo. t c cc mc tiu nu trn, cuc Tng iu tra nng thn, nng nghip v thy sn nm 2011 tp trung vo nhng ni dung ch yu sau y: Mt l, thu thp cc thng tin v thc trng nn sn xut khu vc nng nghip Vit Nam bao gm: n v sn xut v lao ng, t liu sn xut (quy m s dng t, chn nui, my mc, thit b, khoa hc cng ngh), hot ng h tr sn xut v cc thng tin cn thit khc: Kinh t trang tri, tc ng ca sn xut nng, lm nghip v thy sn ti mi trng... Hai l, thu thp thng tin bc tranh ton cnh v nng thn Vit Nam v dn c nng thn t s lng, c cu cc loi h v lao ng nng thn n hng lot cc vn khc nh iu kin sng, tch lu v kh nng huy ng vn, o to ngh cho lao ng nng thn; kt qu thc hin mt s chnh sch x hi nng thn; thc trng kt cu h tng kinh t x hi nng thn, quy hoch xy dng nng thn mi; khi phc v pht trin lng ngh... Ba l, thu thp thng tin phc v nghin cu v gii trong khu vc nng nghip v nng thn, t cc thng tin v vai tr ph n trong sn xut nng, lm nghip v thy sn n trnh hc vn v trnh chuyn mn k thut ca mt s cn b ch cht x... y l mt cuc tng iu tra c quy m ln trn phm vi c nc, ni dung phc tp lin quan ti trn 16,15 triu h iu tra khu vc nng thn v h nng, lm nghip v thy sn thnh th; 20.028 trang tri v 9.071 x. t chc thnh cng cuc Tng iu tra, Ban ch

Ba k tng iu tra trc c thc hin vo cc nm 1994, 2001 v 2006 3

o Tng iu tra cc cp huy ng hn 180 nghn iu tra vin, t trng, gim st vin cc cp tham gia. c s quan tm lnh o, ch o st sao ca cp y ng v chnh quyn cc cp cng s ng h, gip ca c x hi, n nay Tng iu tra nng thn, nng nghip v thy sn nm 2011 hon thnh cc ni dung, t c mc tiu ra. Tng cc Thng k cng b Bo co chnh thc kt qu Tng iu tra cc cp, cc ngnh thng nht s dng. Bo co ny c chia thnh 2 phn nh sau: Phn I. Nhng nh gi tng quan v thc trng nng thn, nng nghip v thu sn t s liu chnh thc cuc Tng iu tra 2011.

Phn II. S liu chnh thc cc ch tiu tng hp v kt qu Tng iu tra nng thn, nng nghip v thu sn 2011. Trong Bo co ny, cc ch tiu thi im iu tra l 01/7/2011; cc ch tiu thi k ly s liu pht sinh trong 12 thng trc thi im iu tra hoc s chnh thc nm 2010. S liu c nc v phn t theo su vng kinh t - x hi c s dng trong phn tch thc trng; nhiu ch tiu c so snh qua kt qu gia 2 cuc Tng iu tra nm 2006 v 2011, mt s ch tiu c so snh vi kt qu Tng iu tra nm 2001. ng thi, c bc tranh ton cnh v lnh vc nng, lm nghip v thy sn ca c nc, bo co ny c s dng kt qu iu tra doanh nghip hng nm, c bit l nm 2011 v s liu Nin gim Thng k do Tng cc Thng k thc hin b sung thng tin v cc doanh nghip nng, lm nghip v thy sn, hp tc x nng, lm nghip v thy sn; s liu ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng b sung thng tin v t ai trong sn xut nng, lm nghip v thy sn. Bo co tng hp kt qu Tng iu tra trnh by trong cun sch ny khng ch phn nh bc tranh ton cnh, y thc trng nng thn, nng nghip v thu sn n thi im 01/7/2011, cn tp trung phn tch, nh gi xu hng bin ng ca kinh t - x hi nng thn, i sng nng dn qua cc thi k vi cc s liu so snh l kt qu Tng iu tra ca 2 chu k 2001 v 2006 trc y. Bo co cn tp trung nh gi kt qu thc hin mt s mc tiu pht trin kinh t - x hi nng thn trong Chin lc pht trin kinh t - x hi 10 nm (2001 - 2010) v K hoch pht trin kinh t - x hi 5 nm (2006 - 2010). c bit, thng qua kt qu Tng iu tra ln ny, bo co cng phn nh mc t c mt s mc tiu (tiu ch) ca Chng trnh mc tiu quc gia v xy dng nng thn mi giai on 2010-2020 theo Quyt nh s 800/QTTg ngy 04/6/2010 ca Th tng Chnh ph sau hn 1 nm thc hin. to iu kin thun li cho ngi s dng, kt qu Tng iu tra cng s c bin son v ph bin qua cc bo co chuyn , cc sn phm in t nh: a CD ROM, cc c s d liu v m v vi m, Trang thng tin in t ca Tng cc Thng k.
4

Tng cc Thng k hy vng rng cc sn phm ny, nht l Bo co tng hp kt qu Tng iu tra s cung cp nhng thng tin hu ch cho cc c quan qun l v hoch nh chnh sch, cc nh nghin cu trong, ngoi nc v nhiu i tng s dng tin khc. y l bo co chnh thc cuc Tng iu tra nng thn, nng nghip v thy sn nm 2011 vi lng thng tin rt ln, phm vi rng, ni dung phc tp nn trong qu trnh bin son v phn tch kh trnh khi mt s sai st, hn ch. Tng cc Thng k rt mong nhn c s gp ca cc t chc, c nhn. Nhn dp ny, Tng cc Thng k trn trng cm n cc B, ngnh, a phng, cc t chc, c nhn v cc n v thuc i tng iu tra phi hp cht ch vi Tng cc Thng k thc hin thnh cng cuc Tng iu tra ny./.

TNG CC THNG K

PREFACE
The 2011 rural, agricultural and fishery Census was conducted nationwide on July 1st 2011, in accordance with the Decision No. 1785/QD-TTg, dated September 27th, 2010 by the Prime Minister. This Census is conducted every 5 years by The National Statistical Survey Programme (promulgated by the Decision No. 144/2008/QD-TTg, dated October 29th, 2008 by the Prime Minister) and this is the fourth round in Vietnam1. The main purpose of the 2011 rural, agricultural and fishery Census is to collect basic information on rural, agriculture and fishery in order to: (i) assess current situations, do trend analysis, make plans, strategies for developing agricultural sector, rural areas and improving living standards of rural residents at nationwide and local level. (ii) evaluate outcome of some contents in the national target programmes on industrialization, modernization of agriculture, rural and building the new rural society; ensure international comparison on indicators in agricultural sector and rural areas; (iii) develop database on agricultural and rural areas for depth-analysis, serve as sampling frame for following periodical surveys. In order to achieve above mentioned objectives, the 2011 rural, agricultural and fishery Census concentrates on main contents as follows: First, collect information on production situations of Vietnams agricultural sector including: production units and labor, means of production (scale of land use, animal husbandry, machinery and equipment, science and technology), production support activities and other necessary information: farm economy, impacts of agricultural, forestry and fishery production to the environment... Second, depict the overview picture on Vietnams rural and rural residents from the number and structure of rural households and labor to a series of other issues such as living conditions, accumulation and ability to raise capital, vocational training for rural employee, outcome of social policies in rural areas; current situations of socio-economic infrastructure in rural areas; planning of building the new rural society; restoration and development of handicraft/trade villages... Third, collect information for researches on gender in the agricultural sector and rural areas, from the information about the role of women in agricultural, forestry and fishery production to education and qualification of a number of key authorities in commune... This is the large-scale nationwide census, complex contents relating to 16.15 million households in rural areas and agricultural, forestry and fishery households in urban areas; 20028 farms and 9071 communes. To successfully conduct the census, the Census Steering
1

The three previous census were conducted in 1994, 2001 and 2006 7

Committee has mobilized more than 180 thousand enumerators, team leaders and supervisors at all levels to participate. With closely attention and leadership of the Party committees and the Government at all levels, to present, the 2011 rural, agricultural and fishery Census completed and gained predefined contents. The General Statistics Office announced the official report of the census results to all level authorities, industries agreed to use. The report is divided into two parts as follows: Part I. The overall assessment of the current situations in rural areas, agriculture and fishery from official data of the 2011 Census.

Part II. Official data on complex indicators from the results of the 2011 rural, agricultural and fishery Census. In this report, time reference is on July 1st, 2011; period indicators are collected by gathering data arising in the period 12 months prior to the Census or official data in 2010. In analyzing the situation, the disaggregation of whole country and the six socio-economic regions are used; many indicators are compared between the two censuses of 2006 and 2011, a number of indicators are compared with the results of the 2001 Census. Simultaneously, in order to have a panorama of agricultural, forestry and fishery sector nationwide, the report also used the results of annually enterprise survey, especially in 2011, and statistical yearbooks of Vietnam released by GSO to further information on agricultural, forestry and fishery enterprises, agricultural, forestry and fishery co-operatives; statistics of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment to further information on land in agricultural, forestry and fishery production. The general report of the census results in this book not only reflects the overall picture, the full reality of rural areas, agriculture and fishery up to July 1st 2011, also focuses on analyzing, assessing changing trends in socio-economic situations in rural areas, life of farmers over time with the comparative data from the 2 recent 2001 and 2006 Census. The report also focuses on assessing the results of a number of the rural socio-economic development goals in the 10-year National Socio-economic Development Strategy (2001 2010) and the 5-year Socio-economic Development Plan (2006 - 2010). In particular, with the results of this census, the report also reflects the achievement level in a number of goals (criteria) of the National Target Program on building the new rural society period 2010-2020 by Decision No. 800/QD-TTg dated June 4th, 2010 of the Prime Minister after more than one year of implementation. In order to make it easy for users, the Census data will be also compiled and disseminated through monographs, electronic-products such as CD-ROMs, macro and micro databases, and the Website of General Statistics Office (GSO)
8

GSO hopes that, these products, especially the general report of the census results, will provide useful information to management agencies and policy makers, domestic and overseas researchers and other users. This is the official report of the 2011 rural, agricultural and fishery Census with a huge amount of information, wide-ranging, complex content, hence it is hard to avoid some errors or limitations in the process of compiling and analyzing. GSO is looking forward to receiving comments from organizations and individuals. Taking advantage of this occasion, GSO would like to convey its thanks ministries, agencies, provinces, organizations, institutions, individual and census units for their close cooperation with GSO to conduct successfully the Census. /. GENERAL STATISTICS OFFICE

10

Mc lc index
Li ni u Preface Phn I Tng quan v nng thn, nng nghip v thy sn nm 2011 part I Overview on rural, agricultural and fishery situation in 2011 Phn II cc bng S liu part II tables of Data Ph lc Apendix 378 117 63 15 3 7

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12

DANH MC CC T VIT TT
1. Cc vng kinh t - x hi: BTBDHMT: Bc Trung B v Duyn hi min Trung NB: ng Nam B BSH: ng bng sng Hng BSCL: ng bng sng Cu Long TDMNPB: Trung du v min ni pha Bc TN: Ty Nguyn CN: Cng nghip CNH: Cng nghip ha CNXD Cng nghip, xy dng DN: Doanh nghip H: i hi HH: Hin i ha HTX: Hp tc x KSMSHG: Kho st mc sng h gia nh KT-XH: Kinh t - x hi L: Lao ng LN: Lm nghip NN: Nng nghip NT: Nng thn NTM: Nng thn mi NLTS: Nng, lm nghip v thy sn NXB CTQG: Nh xut bn Chnh tr Quc gia TCTK: Tng cc Thng k TT: Tng iu tra THCS: Trung hc c s THPT: Trung hc ph thng TS: Thy sn TT: Thnh th UBND: y ban nhn dn USD: -la M WTO: T chc Thng mi Th gii

2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26.

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
1. Socio-economic regions: RRD: Red River Delta NMMA: Northern Midlands and Mountainous Areas NCCCA: North Central and Central Coastal Areas CH: SE: MRD: 2. PC: 3. GSO: 4. HLSS: 5. NPPH: 6. WTO: 7. USD: 8. AFF: Central Highlands South East Mekong River Delta Peoples Committee General Statistics Office Household living standard survey National Political Publishing House World Trade Organization U.S. dollar Agricultural, forestry and fishery

14

phn I TNG QUAN V NNG THN, NNG NGHIP V THU SN NM 2011

15

16

BI CNH CHUNG Trong nhng nm qua, nn sn xut nng nghip (sau y vit tt l NN) v nng thn (sau y vit tt l NT) nc ta pht trin trong bi cnh c nc thc hin Chin lc pht trin kinh t - x hi 10 nm 2001 - 2010 v K hoch pht trin kinh t - x hi 5 nm 2006 - 2010 vi cc phng hng, mc tiu ch yu n nm 2010 l: y mnh ton din cng cuc i mi, ch ng v tch cc hi nhp kinh t quc t, gi vng n nh chnh tr - x hi, sm a nc ta ra khi tnh trng km pht trin; mt s mc tiu c th: GDP 5 nm 2006 - 2010 tng bnh qun nm t 7,5 - 8,0%; nm 2010 khu vc NLTS chim khong 15-16% GDP; t l h ngho theo chun mi cn 10-11%... V quan im pht trin NN v NT, Ngh quyt i hi X ca ng (2006) khng nh: Tip tc thc hin Ngh quyt Ban chp hnh Trung ng ng ln th 5 Kho IX (2/2002) v y nhanh CNH nng nghip, NT vi quan im: CNH nng nghip, NT l mt trong nhng nhim v quan trng hng u ca CNH, HH t nc, to bc chuyn bin mnh m trong sn xut NN, kinh t NT v nng cao i sng nhn dn. Hin nay v nhiu nm ti, vn nng nghip, nng dn v NT c tm chin lc c bit quan trng; phi lun lun coi trng y mnh CNH nng nghip, NT hng ti xy dng mt nn NN hng ho ln, a dng, pht trin nhanh v bn vng, c nng sut cao, cht lng v kh nng cnh tranh cao; to iu kin tng bc hnh thnh n n NN sch, phn u tng gi tr tng thm trong nng, lm ngh ip thu sn t 3-3,2%/nm. Gn pht tri n kinh t vi xy dng NT mi (sau y vit tt l NTM), gii quyt tt hn mi quan h gia NT v TT, gi a cc vng, mi n, gp phn n nh chnh tr - x hi. c th ho Ngh quyt i hi X, Hi ngh Ban chp hnh Trung ng ln th 7 (kho X) ra Ngh quyt s 26-NQ/TW v nng nghip, nng dn, NT. Ngh quyt khng nh: Nng nghip, nng dn, NT c v tr chin lc trong s nghip cng nghip ho, hin i ho, xy dng v bo v T quc, l c s v lc lng quan trng pht trin kinh t - x hi bn vng, gi vng n nh chnh tr, bo m an ninh quc phng; gi gn pht huy bn sc vn ho dn tc, bo v mi trng sinh thi ca t nc. Ngh quyt xc nh mc tiu xy dng NTM n nm 2020. c c s thc tin cho ch o xy dng NTM, Ban B th Trung ng ng ch o 11 x i din cho cc vng kinh t - vn ho trn c nc xy dng th im m hnh NTM. Thc hin cc Ngh quyt ca ng, Chnh ph c Quyt nh 491/Q-TTg ngy 26/4/2009 ban hnh B tiu ch quc gia v NTM, Quyt nh s 800/QTTg ngy 04/6/2010 ph duyt Chng trnh mc tiu quc gia v xy dng nng thn mi giai on 2010 - 2012. Nh vy, r rng l trong 5 nm t chu k TT nm 2006 n TT nm 2011, tnh hnh NN, NT nc ta pht trin trong bi cnh c s tc ng tch cc ca cc ch trng chnh sch

17

ln ca ng v Nh nc v l nhng thun li rt c bn. Song bn cnh cn nhiu kh khn, thch thc. trong nc, qu trnh y mnh CNH v HH t nc din ra trn phm vi rng, y nhanh tc th ho vi s lng khu cng nghip, cm cng nghip, khu th mi tng nhanh, dn n tnh trng t NN b thu hp, lao ng NN d tha, vic lm NT vn kh khn li cng cng thng hn. Mi trng NT, mi trng t, nc b nhim. Qu trnh hi nhp kinh t th gii ca nc ta bc vo giai on mi cng tc ng trc tip n NN v KT-XH NT. Nm 2007, Vit Nam chnh thc tr thnh thnh vin chnh thc ca WTO, bn cnh thun li l th trng xut, nhp khu nng sn, vt t NN m rng, cng xut hin nhiu kh khn mi nh gim thu nhp khu hng trm mt hng nng sn, lm sn, thu sn theo l trnh ca WTO, yu cu cnh tranh trn th trng nng sn gay gt hn... ngoi nc, khng hong ti chnh v suy thoi kinh t th gii trong cc nm 2009 - 2011 din ra trn phm vi ton cu, tc ng trc tip n kinh t Vit Nam ni chung, kinh t NN v NT ni ring. Gi c phn bn, vt t NN v nng sn xut khu khng n nh... Bin i kh hu v nc bin dng din ra trn phm vi th gii v khu vc nh hng trc tip n sn xut NN nc ta di cc mc khc nhau. Di y l nh gi tng quan v thc trng v xu hng bin ng ca NT, NN qua kt qu cuc TT 2011. A. TNG QUAN NNG THN Tnh n 01/7/2011, c nc c 9.071 x. Nu so vi 9.073 x ca nm 2006 cho thy hu nh khng c s thay i v s lng n v hnh chnh cp x trong 5 nm qua. C nc c 80.904 thn, p, bn, tng khng ng k (0,35%) so vi 80.620 thn ca nm 2006. NT nc ta c 15,3 triu h vi xp x 32 triu ngi trong tui lao ng, tng 11,4% v s h v 4,5% v lao ng so vi k TT nm 2006. 5 nm qua, trong cng cuc i mi NT nc ta, cng vi s th ha NT, nhiu x c chuyn ln thnh phng hoc th trn cng vi vic chia tch, sp nhp n v hnh chnh cp tnh, huyn, x theo Ngh quyt ca Quc hi, Ngh nh ca Chnh ph. iu ny dn n c nhng c s h tng KT-XH c chuyn dch, di gc thng k, t khu vc NT sang khu vc TT, t a phng ny sang a phng khc. Do , c gi lu trong cun sch ny vic so snh ca mt s ch tiu thng k qua 3 k TT cc nm 2001, 2006 v 2011, nht l cc ch tiu lin quan n c s h tng KT-XH cp x, ch yu s dng t l % thay v s tuyt i. 1. Kt cu h tng NT tip tc c xy dng mi v nng cp c v chiu rng v chiu su, to iu kin cho sn xut pht trin; b mt nng thn c nhiu i mi 1.1. Pht trin nhanh mng li in nng thn to iu kin thun li in kh ho NT, NN, phc v sn xut v i sng Mt trong nhng ni dung quan trng hng u ca cng nghip ho, hin i ho NN, NT l in kh ho. V vy trong Ngh quyt Trung ng V (kho IX) v y mnh cng nghip
18

ho nng nghip, nng thn ch r: Pht trin h thng in nhm cung cp in n nh cho nhu cu sn xut v sinh hot nng thn. i vi cc vng khng c iu kin cp in quc gia, nh nc c chnh sch u t h tr pht trin ngun in nng ti ch, bo m n nm 2010, tt c cc x u c in s dng. Ngh quyt i hi X cn nhn mnh: p ng in cho nhu cu pht trin, k c min ni, vng su vng xa, vng hi o... Thc hin Ngh quyt ca ng, trong nhng nm qua, Chnh ph tp trung ch o cc ngnh, cc cp trin khai chng trnh in kh ha NT v t kt qu tt, c bc pht trin mi. Tnh n 01/7/2011, c nc c 9.054 x c in, bng 99,8% tng s x v tng 0,9% so vi nm 2006. Trong 6 vng KT-XH1, c 3 vng t t l 100% x c in l TN, NB v BSCL. Vng c s x c in tng nhiu nht l TDMNPB tng 3%, BTBDHMT tng 0,6%, TN tng 0,5%. Nu so vi k TT nm 2001, s x c in ti thi im 01/7/2011 tng 1.044 x (+13%), nng t l x c in t 89,7% ln 99,8%. Cc vng c s x c in tng vi tc cao nht trong 10 nm l: vng TN tng 217 x (+57%), nng t l x c in t 75,5% ln 100%; TDMNPB, tng 537 x (+31%), nng t l x c in t 76,6% ln 99,7%; BTBDHMT tng 262 x (+11,9%), nng t l x c in t 90% ln 99,7%; BSCL tng 95 x (+7,9%), nng t l x c in t 99% ln 100%; NB tng 23 x (+5%), nng t l x c in t 99,8% ln 100%. n 01/7/2011 c nc 77,3 nghn thn c in, bng 95,5% tng s thn (nm 2001 l 77,2%, nm 2006 l 92,4%), tng 2.820 thn (+3,2%) so vi nm 2006 v tng 15,1 nghn thn (+24,4%) so vi nm 2001. Cc vng c t l thn c in cao l: BSCL 99,4%; BSH 99,3%. So vi nm 2006, cc vng c thn c in tng nhanh l vng TN (+8,7%), TDMNPB (+5,1%). T l thn c in li quc gia nm 2011 l 93,4%. T l ny cao hn nhiu so vi nm 2006 (87,8%) v 2001 (70,7%). So snh 3 k TT cc nm 2001, 2006 v 2011 cho thy t l h NT s dng in tng ln ng k qua cc nm: Nm 2001 mi 79%, nm 2006 l 94,2% th n 2011 tng ln n 98%. T l h NT s dng in tng u c 6 vng. C th vng BSH qua 3 k TT ln lt l 98,3%, 99,8% v 99,9%; vng TDMNPB l 66,8% ln 88,4% v 94,5%; vng BTBDHMT l 86,6% ln 97,0% v 98,9%; vng TN l 52% ln 97% v 97%; vng NB l 75,2% ln 93,9% v 98,7%, vng BSCL tng nhanh nht t 61,9% ln 90,2% v 97,1% trong 3 nm tng ng. Nh vy tnh n 01/7 2011, t l x c in c nc t xp x 100%, c bn t mc tiu ra trong chin lc pht trin KT-XH 10 nm cng nh k hoch 5 nm 2006 - 2010. T l thn c in t gn 96%, ch yu l in li quc gia nn n nh hn cc nm trc. T l
1

Theo Ngh nh s 92/2006/N-CP ngy 7/9/2006 ca Chnh ph V lp, ph duyt v qun l quy hoch tng th pht trin kinh t - x hi, c nc c 6 vng kinh t - x hi l: vng Trung du v min ni pha Bc (TDMNPB); vng ng bng sng Hng (BSH); vng Bc Trung B v duyn hi min Trung (BTBDHMT); vng Ty Nguyn; vng ng Nam B; v vng ng bng sng Cu Long (BSCL). 19

h NT s dng in cng tng, l iu kin quan trng pht trin sn xut NN, CN ch bin v ngnh ngh dch v NT, ng thi gp phn ci thin i sng vt cht, vn ho, tinh thn ca dn c. iu c bit l cc vng TDMNPB, TN v BSCL vn l 3 vng c nhiu kh khn trong xy dng v nng cp li in quc gia trong cc nm trc y, nay l 3 vng c tc in kh ho NT nhanh nht trong 5 nm 2006 - 2011 xt trn c 3 ch tiu s x, s thn c in v s h s dng in. Khng ch s x c in tng, cht lng in NT cng c nng cao th hin qua t l x, thn v h c in li quc gia nm 2011 cng tng so vi nm 2006 v nm 2001. S x cha c in ch cn 17 x, ch yu ri vo cc x c bit kh khn vng cao, vng su, bin gii, hi o, gim nhiu so vi 100 x ca nm 2006 v 924 x ca nm 2001. C th ni, in kh ho NT l im sng ng ghi nhn nht trong bc tranh tng qut v xy dng v nng cp kt cu h tng NT nc ta 5 nm 2006-2010. l thnh tu c ngha quan trng i vi pht trin KT-XH NT v nng cao i sng vt cht, tinh thn ca dn c NT, gp phn thu hp khong cch gia NT v TT.
Bng 1. S x, s thn c in chia theo vng KT -XH, thi im 01/7/2011 X c in S lng C nc BSH TDMNPB BTBDHMT vng TN NB BSCL 9 054 1 941 2 264 2 469 598 479 1 303 T l (%) 99,80 99,85 99,69 99,72 100,00 100,00 100,00 Thn c in S lng 77 305 15 140 23 909 20 727 5 965 2 970 8 594 T l (%) 95,55 99,34 89,19 98,14 98,04 98,67 99,44

Tuy nhin, bn cnh nhng thnh tu v khi sc , in kh ho NT vn cn nhng hn ch cn c khc phc. Nhiu thn, bn ca cc x vng cao, vng su, vng ng bo dn tc t ngi v c vng to ra ngun in quc gia nh Ho Bnh, Tuyn Quang, Sn La, Yn Bi, Ngh An, Qung Nam... vn cha c in. Ti huyn Yn Bnh ca tnh Yn Bi n nay vn cn mt s thn, bn ca cc x ven h Thc B cha c in li quc gia. 1.2. Giao thng nng thn c nhiu khi sc c v s lng v cht lng ng x, ng lin thn v ng ni ng nhng vng su, vng ni cao vn cn nhiu kh khn Tip tc thc hin phng chm "Nh nc v nhn dn cng lm", h thng giao thng NT pht trin v s lng v nng cp v cht lng, gp phn tch cc to iu kin thun li thu ht cc nh u t v khu vc NT, to cng n, vic lm, xo i, gim ngho v gii quyt c nhiu vn KT-XH khc.
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n 01/7/2011 c nc c 8.944 x c ng t n tr s UBND x, chim 98,6% tng s x (nm 2001 t 94,2% v nm 2006 t 96,9%). C 5/6 vng KT-XH trong c nc t trn 99% s x c ng t n tr s UBND x, ch cn vng BSCL t mc 93%. Trong s x c ng t n tr s UBND x nm 2011, c 8.813 x (chim 97,2%) c ng t i li c quanh nm (nm 2006 l 93,6%).

Cht lng ng NT cng c nng cp vi tc kh nhanh so vi cc nm trc. Hnh 2 cho thy t l x c ng n UBND x c nha, b tng ho tng nhanh qua 10 nm (2001 - 2011), song mc tng khng ng u gia cc vng kinh t. Kt qu TT cho thy tnh n thi im 01/7/2011, s x c ng t n UBND x c nha hoc b tng ho tng 1.572 x (+24,7%) so vi nm 2006; chim 87,4% tng s x v gp i so vi nm 2001 (nm ch t 42,4%).

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Vng c t l x c ng n UBND x c nha, b tng ho cao nht l BSH (97,9%), k n l NB (97,7%), BTBDHMT (91,5%), BSCL (90,3%). Thp nht l vng TDMNPB (71%). ng ch l h thng giao thng n cp thn c ch trng pht trin mnh vi 89,6% s thn t c th i n. y l iu kin ht sc thun li v c s h tng giao thng phc v sn xut NN, dch v v sinh hot ca c dn NT, xy dng NTM. T l x c ng trc thn c nha ho hoc b tng ho (tiu ch NTM) cng c cc a phng quan tm u t nng cp nn kt qu t kh. Nm 2011 c nc c 6,1 nghn x c ng trc thn c nha, b tng ha, t t l 67,7%. Cc vng t t l cao l: BSH t 91%, BTBDHMT trn 74%, BSCL t trn 75%. S x c ng ng xm c nha, b tng ho (tiu ch NTM) nm 2011 l 4.484 x, chim 49,4% tng s x, trong cc x vng ng bng v trung du t 66,5%, x min ni t 40,4%, x vng cao t 19%. Bn cnh nhng thnh tu t c, h thng ng giao thng NT vng su, vng ni cao, hi o vn nhiu bt cp, hn ch nhng chm c khc phc, gy khng t kh khn cho sn xut, lu thng hng ho, kinh doanh v sinh hot ca dn c NT. 1.3. H thng thu li c ch trng xy dng mi v nng cp song cha ng u Trong nhng nm gn y, thc hin ng li y nhanh CNH, hin i ho NN, NT, Nh nc u tin u t xy dng mi v nng cp h thng cc cng trnh thu li phc v sn xut NLTS. Nh thm nhiu din tch canh tc c ti, tiu gp phn tng nng sut, sn lng cy trng. n nm 2011 c nc c gn 16 nghn trm bm nc phc v sn xut NLTS trn a bn x, tng 7.130 trm (+81%) so vi nm 2001. Nm 2011, bnh qun 1 x c 1,8 trm bm nc (2006 l 1,5 trm), trong : nhng vng nhiu nht l BSH (3,7 trm/x), BSCL (2,5 trm/x), BTBDHMT (1,4 trm/x); thp nht l vng TN, NB ch t mc 0,2 trm/x. Thc hin ch trng kin c ho knh mng, nhng nm qua, h thng knh mng do x/HTX qun l c kin c ha trn 40 nghn km, chim 23,2% tng chiu di knh mng (nm 2001 l 12,4%, nm 2006 l 18,8%); trong mt s vng t t l cao nh TDMNPB (gn 42%), TN (41%), NB (34,1), BTBDHMT (31%). i chiu vi cc mc tiu v thu li trong Chng trnh mc tiu quc gia v xy dng NTM, n 01/7/2011 c 6.682 x chim 73,6% tng s x c nc c h thng thu li c bn p ng yu cu sn xut v dn sinh, trong x ng bng, trung du t 85,4%, x min ni t 67,6%, x vng cao t 53,9% v x hi o t gn 25,5%. Nu phn theo 6 vng KT-XH, t l tng ng nh sau: BSH 86,8%; TDMNPB 67,4%; BTBDHMT gn 71,%; vng TN 49,2%; NB 45,5% v BSCL 92%. 1.4. H thng trng hc cc cp khu vc NT c xy dng mi, nng cp v c bn xo xong tnh trng trng tm, lp tm Trong nhng nm 2006 - 2011, thc hin ch trng x hi ha gio dc ca Nh nc, h thng trng hc cc cp NT c xy dng mi, nng cp v t c nhng kt qu cao hn cc thi k trc .
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n nm 2011, c nc c 9.020 x c trng tiu hc, t 99,5% tng s x trong c nc (nm 2006 t 99,3%). T l x c trng trung hc c s (sau y vit tt l THCS) cng tng ln: Nm 2011 l 92,9% so vi mc 90,8% ca nm 2006. Trng trung hc ph thng (sau y vit tt l THPT) trn a bn x khng nhiu nhng nhng nm qua cng c xu hng tng ln kh nhanh: Nm 2011 c 1.165 x c trng THPT trn a bn, chim t l 12,8% (nm 2006 t t l 10,8%; nm 2001 t t l 8,5%). Cng vi s pht trin ca h thng trng hc ti cp x, cc lp mu gio, nh tr pht trin, m rng n cp thn. T l x c trng mu gio/mm non nm 2011 t 96,3%, tng kh so vi mc 88,7% ca nm 2006. S x c nh tr nm 2011 l 4712 x, chim t l gn 52%; s thn c lp mu gio chim 46% tng s thn. Vic m thm cc im trng cc thn, bn to iu kin thun li hc sinh khng phi i hc xa, gp phn gim tnh trng hc sinh b hc, nht l cc x vng cao, vng su, vng ng bo dn tc thiu s. Cng vi tng nhanh v s lng, phong tro xy dng v nng cp cc trng hc kin c v bn kin c, xo trng, lp hc tm t kt qu ng khch l. Kt qu 3 k TT cho thy xu hng tng nhanh v t l s trng hc xy dng kin c, gim s trng hc bn kin c v nh tm cc cp hc ph thng x. T l trng hc c xy dng kin c v bn kin c cc cp hc ph thng nm 2011 theo cc loi trng l: trng tiu hc t 73% v 26% (nm 2006 t 52,2% v 46,3% v nm 2001 t 30,8% v 63,7%); trng THCS t 85% v 14,2% (nm 2006 t 70,1% v 28,7%; nm 2001 t 44,4% v 51,5%); trng THPT t 92,6 % v 7,0% (nm 2006 t 87% v 11,7%; nm 2001 t 73% v 25%). Tuy nhin, kt qu TT nm 2011 cho thy vic xy dng, nng cp h thng trng cc cp vn cn nhiu bt cp, th hin r nt s khng ng u gia cc vng, cc a phng v cc cp hc, c bit cp tiu hc; c th nh sau: - Tnh chung c nc c 99,4% s x c trng tiu hc, trong rt nhiu tnh 100% s x c trng tiu hc. Tuy nhin, n 01/7/2011 mt s tnh t l s x cha c trng tiu hc cn chim trn 3%, nh: Cao Bng, Bc Kn, Gia Lai, Qung Nam... T l s s x c nh tr vo nm 2011 ang nm mc thp (52%), song trong giai on 5 nm 2006-2011 ch tng c 4% (mc tng ca giai on 2001 2006 l 13%). C nc c 46% s thn c lp mu gio nhng vic pht trin cc lp mu gio t thc cn rt hn ch vi 1,4% s thn c lp mu gio t thc. - n 01/7/2011, c nc c 73% s trng tiu hc NT c xy dng kin c, nhiu tnh t l ny t trn 95% nhng cng cn nhiu a phng t l trng tiu hc c xy dng kin c di 50%, nh: Tuyn Quang, Bnh Thun, Ty Ninh, Tr Vinh, Vnh Long, Hu Giang... c bit, mt s tnh, t l trng khng c xy kin c v bn kin c cn chim trn 5%, nh: Tuyn Quang, Sn La, in Bin, Hu Giang.

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1.5. H thng c s y t NT tip tc c tng cng kh ton din, thc s tr thnh tuyn chm sc sc kho ban u quan trng ca dn c NT
Bng 2. S x c trm y t, s trm y t xy dng kin c, bn kin c chia theo vng KT-XH, thi im 01/7/2011 S x c trm y t 2006 C nc BSH TDMNPB BTBDHMT vng TN NB BSCL 9 013 1 995 2 249 2 469 549 483 1 268 2011 9 027 1 944 2 254 2 463 596 479 1 291 S trm y t xy dng kin c, bn kin c 2006 8 856 1 988 2 193 2 430 533 468 1 244 2011 8 903 1 923 2 207 2 435 590 470 1 278 S bc s x 2006 5 689 1 496 1 026 1 412 312 350 1 093 2011 6 592 1 600 1 467 1 654 361 376 1 134

T l % so vi tng s x C nc BSH TDMNPB BTBDHMT vng TN NB BSCL 99,3 100,0 99,8 99,4 96,3 99,4 98,7 99,5 100,0 99,2 99,5 99,7 100,0 99,1 97,6 99,7 97,3 97,8 93,5 96,3 96,8 98,2 98,9 97,2 98,3 98,7 98,1 98,1

Bnh qun/1 vn dn 0,97 1,1 1,1 1,0 0,9 0,7 0,8 1,12 1,2 1,6 1,2 1,0 0,7 0,9

H thng trm y t x tip tc pht trin c v s lng c s, s lng v trnh chuyn mn ca i ng y bc s cng nh c s vt cht. n nm 2011 c 9.027 x c trm y t, t t l 99,5% (nm 2006 l 99,3%). T l trm y t c kin c ho t 57,1%, bn kin c t 41,6%. S x c trm y t x t chun quc gia v y t x l 7.031 x (bng 77,5% tng s x). Thc hin chnh sch a bc s v x, s lng bc s ang lm vic ti cc trm y t x tng nhanh trong nhng nm gn y. S liu TT nm 2011 cho bit thi im 01/7/2011 c nc c gn 6,6 nghn bc s, tng hn 900 ngi (+15,9%) so vi nm 2006 v tng hn 2 nghn ngi (+45%) so vi nm 2001. Nh s bc s trn 1 vn dn NT tng t 0,8 ngi nm 2001 ln 1 ngi nm 2006 v 1,1 ngi nm 2011. Qua 3 k TT cc nm 2001, 2006 v 2011, vng c s lng bc s/1 vn dn NT tng nhanh v t mc cao nht l TDMNPB t 0,7 ngi ln 1,1 ngi v 1,6 ngi. Ba vng thuc cc tnh pha Nam t l ny t thp hn cc tnh pha Bc v tng chm. phc v v chm sc sc kho cng ng NT tt hn, h thng y t c s tip tc c ch v m rng n cp thn. Theo kt qu TT, n nm 2011 c 93,9% s thn c cn b y
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t thn (nm 2006 c 89,8%). Cng vi vic m rng mng li y t ca Nh nc, h thng khm, cha bnh t nhn hnh thnh, gp phn quan trng vo chm sc sc kho cng ng. n 2011, c nc c 2.769 x, chim 30,5% s x c c s khm, cha bnh t nhn trn a bn; 68% x v 18% s thn c c s kinh doanh thuc ty y. Bn cnh nhng mt c, h thng c s dch v y t, khm cha bnh NT vn bc l nhiu bt cp m th hin r nht l s pht trin khng ng u gia cc vng. Tnh trng yu km v h tng v i ng cn b ca tuyn y t c s ti nhiu vng NT min ni, vng su, vng xa chm c khc phc. S bc s v x cha p ng yu cu, nhiu trm y t x cha c bc s... 1.6. Cung cp nc sch v v sinh mi trng nng thn c bc ci thin song vn l mt vn bc xc nhiu vng thn qu, c bit l cc vng su, vng xa S liu TT nm 2011 cho bit c nc c 4.216 x (chim 46,5% so vi tng s x) c h thng cp nc sinh hot tp trung, tng 10% so vi nm 2006, gp phn quan trng trong nng cao cht lng cuc sng v bo v sc khe ca dn c NT. Trong 6 vng KT-XH, vng BSCL c n 81,1% x c h thng cp nc sinh hot tp trung; tip theo l TDMNPB t 59,1%. Cc vng cn li di mc bnh qun c nc l TN (45%); BTBDHMT (33,8%) v thp nht l BSH ch t 24,5%. Tnh n 01/7/2011 c nc c 1.674 x v 6.891 thn xy dng h thng thot nc thi chung, chim t l 18,5% s x v 8,5% s thn (nm 2006 cc t l tng ng l 12,2% v 5,6%). BSH l vng t t l cao nht vi 37,6% s x v 26,6% s thn xy h thng thot nc thi chung, trong khi TN t t l thp nht (cc t l tng ng l 3,9% v 1,3%). Tuy t l x xy dng c h thng thot nc thi chung cn thp hu ht cc vng, nhng l mt tin b bc u trong chuyn bin nhn thc v hnh ng ca cc cp, cc ngnh cng nh cc h gia nh NT v bo v mi trng qua x l nc thi, nht l cc vng c cc lng ngh, khu cng nghip, cm cng nghip tp trung, trang tri chn nui. Cc hot ng thu gom rc thi sinh hot trn a bn NT nhng nm gn y cng c nhiu a phng quan tm. n nm 2011, c nc c 3.996 x c t chc (hoc thu) thu gom rc thi, chim t l 44% (nm 2006 c 28,4%) v 25,8% s thn c t chc (hoc thu) thu gom rc thi. Tuy kt qu t c cn thp v cha u gia cc vng, cc a phng nhng xu hng chung l tng dn so vi cc nm trc. t cao nht v 2 ch tiu trn l vng BSH (81,6% v 66,2%), thp nht l TDMNPB (ch 12,7% v 4,4%). T l h NT c h x tng t 88,8% nm 2006 ln 91,4% nm 2011, trong h x t hoi/bn t hoi tng nhanh t 16,9% ln 44,1%. X l rc sinh hot khu vc NT tuy c nhiu kh khn nhng t l h c ngi n thu gom rc t gn 25% vo nm 2011. D c nhng bc tin b so vi 5 nm trc y song mi trng NT vn l mt trong t nhng lnh vc c nhiu hn ch, yu km nht trong bc tranh ton cnh c nhiu khi sc v KT-XH NT nc ta. Nhng con s di 1/5 s x v di 1/10 s thn c h thng thot nc thi chung; di 45% s x v di 1/3 s thn c t chc (hoc thu) thu gom rc thi v gn 1/4 h c ngi n thu gom rc t kt qu TT nm 2011 th hin iu . S km
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pht trin v h tng h thng nc thi v dch v thu gom rc thi c bit xy ra cc vng TDMNPB v TN. 1.7. Mng li thng tin, vn ha pht trin nhanh, gp phn ci thin i sng tinh thn ca nhn dn H thng thng tin lin lc khu vc NT c nng cp, hon thin phc v ngy cng tt hn hot ng qun l ca cc cp, cc ngnh, sn xut, kinh doanh ca cc doanh nghip, HTX v h gia nh NT. T l h NT c in thoi tng rt nhanh trong 10 nm qua, t 5,3% nm 2001 ln 86,6% nm 2011 trn phm vi c nc, trong BSH t 5% ln 86%; TDMNPB t 1,5% ln 85%; BTBDHMT t 4% ln 83%; TN t 4% ln 86%; NB t 13% ln 93%; BSCL t 7% ln 89%. H thng mng li kinh doanh Internet t nhn NT cng pht trin rt nhanh. T l x c im kinh doanh Internet t nhn nm 2011 t 53,7% (nm 2006 t 32,5%), trong NB c t l cao nht l 90,2%, tip n l BSCL (82,5%) v thp nht l TDMNPB (25%). H thng nh vn ho/nh sinh hot cng ng x, thn tip tc c quan tm u t xy dng, cung cp a im cho nhn dn trong thn tham d hi hp v sinh hot vn ho. n nm 2011 c nc c trn 3,5 nghn x c nh vn ho, t gn 39% tng s x (nm 2006 t 30,6% v nm 2001 t 15%). Vng BSH t l x c nh vn ho cao nht (t 51,4%), cao hn so vi mc 47,4% ca nm 2006 v 28,3% ca nm 2001. Cc con s tng ng qua 3 k TT ca cc vng khc ln lt nh sau: TDMNPB l 31,5%, 25,5% v 8,7%; BTBDHMT l 41%, 29% v 14,3%; TN l 24%, 21% v 9,7%; NB l 49%, 43% v 16,4%; BSCL l 32%, 18% v gn 7%. Nm 2011, c nc c gn 1.050 x c th vin, tng trn 170 x so vi nm 2006 v hn 380 x so vi nm 2001. T l x c th vin nm 2011 c nc t 11,6% (nm 2006 t 9,7% v nm 2001 t 7,5%). Nm 2011 c khong 8,8 nghn x c t sch php lut, t t l 97% (nm 2006 t 95,6%). T l x c h thng loa truyn thanh n thn tng nhanh t 56,8% nm 2001 ln 81,4% nm 2011. Thc t trn cho thy, trong nhng nm gn y cc ngnh, cc cp, nht l chnh quyn cp x, thn quan tm ch trng xy dng v pht trin cc c s vn ho gp phn nng cao trnh dn tr, nng cao i sng tinh thn ca dn c NT, ph hp vi ch trng xy dng NTM. Bn cnh nhng thnh tch nu trn, s liu t TT cho thy vn cn nhng hn ch trong lnh vc ny. H thng nh vn ho/nh sinh hot cng ng x, thn vng su, vng x vo nm 2011 vn cn thp: TN c 4 x c cha n 1 x c nh vn ho/nh sinh hot cng ng. TDMNPB t l ny cha t mc 1/3. T l x c th vin nm 2011 c nc mi t 11,6% v tng khng ng k qua 10 nm (nm 2006 t 9,7% v nm 2001 t 7,5%). 1.8. H thng c s ch bin NLTS pht trin c v s lng v nng lc phc v, tng bc gn sn xut vi ch bin v tiu th nng sn NT S lng c s ch bin NLTS tng nhanh trong 10 nm qua: Nm 2001 c 252 nghn c s; nm 2006 c 428 nghn, tng 69,9% so vi nm 2001; nm 2011 ln ti 501 nghn c s, tng 17% so vi nm 2006 v tng gp 2 ln so vi nm 2001.
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Nm 2011, c nc c gn 8,1 nghn x c c s chuyn ch bin nng sn, chim 89,2% s x (nm 2006 t 83,4% v nm 2001 t 72,3%). Vng c t l cao nht l BSH t 95,2%, thp nht l TDMNPB t 81%. S liu TT cng cho thy c s ch bin TS tuy s lng khng nhiu nh NN v LN nhng tc tng kh trong 5 nm gn y. Hnh 3 th hin s vt tri v s lng x c cc c s ch bin nng sn v c s ch bin lm sn so vi c s ch bin thy sn tt c cc vng qua 2 k TT 2006 v 2011. Xt v gc vng, TDMNPB c tc tng nhanh ng ghi nhn v t l % x c c s ch bin nng sn v x c c s ch bin lm sn.

. S tng nhanh ca cc x c c s chuyn ch bin cng nh s lng c s ch bin trong nhng nm qua gp phn phc v tt hn yu cu s ch v ch bin nng, lm v thu sn, tng bc gn sn xut vi ch bin v tiu th cc sn phm ny, to thm vic lm, tng thu nhp ca h gia nh nng dn, ng dn, pht trin khu vc dch v, thc y qu trnh chuyn dch c cu kinh t, lao ng, pht trin lng ngh NT. S lng v chng loi hng ho trn th trng NT, nht l ch NT do cng phong ph v a dng hn. 1.9. Ch NT c kin c ho mt bc, nhng t l ch trn a bn x t tiu chun cn thp Ch NT c vai tr quan trng i vi s pht trin nn kinh t hng ho, kch thch trao i hng ho gia cc vng v trong ni b nhn dn trn a bn. Nm 2011 c nc c hn 5,2 nghn x c ch, chim 57,6% s x. S ch trn a bn x c xy dng kin c v bn kin c trn a bn x tng so vi nm 2006. Nm 2011 s ch c xy dng kin c v bn kin c t 66,6% (nm 2006 t 53,3%). T l ch xy dng kin c v bn kin c khng chnh lch nhiu gia cc vng. Ti
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cc vng min ni, vng cao v hi o tuy c nhiu kh khn nhng nm 2011 t l x c ch t nh sau: x min ni 54,5%; x vng cao 31% v x hi o 37%, trong : ch c xy dng kin c v bn kin c ln lt l 65%, 73% v 69%. Nh ng bo cc dn tc vng min ni, vng cao, hi o c iu kin thun li hn trao i hng ho v giao lu vn ho vi cc x trong vng cng nh cc x min xui, gp phn pht trin sn xut, nng cao i sng vt cht v vn ho, tinh thn, xy dng NTM. Tuy nhin, ch t tiu chun ca B Xy dng cn rt thp. Kt qu TT 2011 cho thy n 1/7/2011 c nc ch c 240 ch NT t tiu chun, chim 3,5% tng s ch NT. ng ch l cha c vng no c t l ch t tiu chun trn 8% nh quy nh ca b tiu ch NTM, c bit min ni, vng cao v hi o rt thp (ln lt l 1,7%, 4,1% v 3,5%). 1.10. H thng tn dng nhn dn nng thn tip tc tng, to iu kin thun li cho dn c tip cn ngun vn tn dng phc v sn xut, kinh doanh v i sng to iu kin cho dn c tip cn cc ngun tn dng dng hp php, hn ch tnh trng tn dng en, trong nhng nm gn y, nhiu chi nhnh ngn hng thng mi v t chc tn dng m cc chi nhnh ti x. n nm 2011 NT c nc c 953 x c chi nhnh ngn hng thng mi hot ng trn a bn, chim 10,5% tng s x. Vng c t l x c chi nhnh ngn hng cao nht l NB (18,4%), thp nht l TDMNPB (7,1%). Cng nm 2011 c nc c 1049 x c qu tn dng nhn dn. Vng c nhiu qu tn dng nhn dn l BSH c 508 x, t 26% trong khi TDMNPB v vng TN l nh ng vng c t l x c qu tn dng nhn dn thp (5%). Tuy nhin, kt qu TT cho thy m hnh qu tn dng nhn dn hu nh khng pht trin qua 5 nm: T l x c qu tn dng nhn dn nm 2011 ch t mc 11,6%, tng khng ng k so vi mc 10,1% ca nm 2006. 1.11. Lng ngh NT c khi phc v pht trin, to nhiu vic lm, gp phn thc y sn xut v chuyn dch c cu kinh t NT, nhng vn mi trng ti cc lng ngh vn bc l nhiu yu t hn ch, yu km Cng vi s ra i ca cc khu CN, cm CN, nhiu lng ngh c khi phc v pht trin thu ht c nhiu ngun vn trong dn c, to c vic lm ti ch cho hng chc vn lao ng v o to, bi dng nhng lao ng ph thng thnh lao ng c k thut. n nm 2011, khu vc NT c 961 x c lng ngh, chim 11% tng s x (t l tng ng ca cc nm 2001 v 2006 ln lt l 6% v 8%). S lng lng ngh cng tng: Nm 2011 c 1.322 lng ngh (trong c 976 lng ngh truyn thng) so vi 1077 lng ngh ca nm 2006 v 710 lng ngh ca nm 2001. Cc lng ngh thu ht 327 nghn h v 767 nghn lao ng thng xuyn (nm 2006 l 256 nghn h v 655 nghn lao ng). Bnh qun 1 lng ngh c 248 h v 580 lao ng so vi 238 h v 609 lao ng nm 2006. Vng c nhiu x c lng ngh v s lng lng ngh nhiu
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nht l BSH: 485 x (chim 50,5% tng s x c lng ngh c nc), 706 lng ngh (chim 53% s lng ngh c nc) v 222 nghn h tham gia vi 505 nghn lao ng. K n l BTBDHMT c 237 x vi 305 lng ngh, 46,7 nghn h tham gia vi 108 nghn lao ng thng xuyn. Vng BSCL c 117 x, 132 lng ngh, thu ht hn 31 nghn h vi gn 93 nghn lao ng thng xuyn. Cc vng cn li s lng x c lng ngh v s lng ngh cn t v tng chm. Tuy nhin, mt tri ca cc lng ngh NT cng cn nhiu, nht l tnh trng gy nhim mi trng NT: nc thi, cht thi do cc lng ngh to ra ti cc vng qu gy nhim ngun nc, khng kh, t ai nh hng n cy trng, vt nui v sc khe ngi dn cn rt ph bin. Theo kt qu TT nm 2011, t l lng ngh s dng thit b x l nc, cht thi c hi ch t 4,1% v thc trng ny ang cho thy r nguy c gy nhim mi trng rt cao ca cc lng ngh NT nc ta. 1.12. B my chnh quyn cp x tip tc c kin ton l nhng iu kin rt quan trng quyt nh s thnh cng ca vic thc hin cc chnh sch v pht trin NN, NT X l cp c s c v tr rt quan trng trong vic trin khai t chc thc hin cc ch trng, chnh sch ca ng v Nh nc khu vc NN, NT. Kt qu TT cho thy i ng cn b ch cht cp x2 nhng nm qua c nhiu chuyn bin tch cc v tui v trnh vn ha, trnh chuyn mn. Tnh chung c nc, trong s i ng cn b ch cht, tuy nam gii qua cc k TT vn chim i a s, song t l cn b n nm 2011 c tng nh, t 5,4% so vi mc 3,9% ca nm 2006. Hnh 4 (a) th hin xu hng tng t trng i ng cn b ch cht cp x c nhm t tui v nhm cao tui, gim nhm t 40- di 50 tui qua 2 k TT cc nm 2006 v 2011, c th nh sau: Chung c nc nm 2011 nhm di 30 tui t 3,3% (nm 2006 l 2,6%), nhm t 30-40 tui t 21% (nm 2006 l 18,2%), nhm t 40-50 tui t 43,5% (nm 2006 l 56,4%); nhm tui t 50 tui tr ln vn chim n 32,2% (nm 2006 t 22,8%). Cc Hnh 4 (b) v Hnh 4 (c) cng cho thy mt khuynh hng trnh vn ho v trnh chuyn mn ca cn b ch cht cp x tip tc tng ln qua 5 nm. Kt qu TT cho thy gn 90,3% cn b ch cht cp x c trnh tt nghip THPT (nm 2006 t 78,6%). V trnh chuyn mn nghip v, nm 2011 c 95,5% s cn b ch cht cp x c trnh t trung cp tr ln (nm 2006 l 81,7%). ng ch l t l cn b ch cht cp x c trnh chuyn mn t i hc tr ln tng rt nhanh trong 5 nm qua t 11,7% nm 2006 ln 32,4% nm 2011. T l cn b ch cht cp x c trnh chuyn mn t i hc tr ln cao l cc vng: NB (54,5%), BSCL (43,6%) v thp nht l vng TDMNPB (21%).

TT NTNN nm 2011 thu thp thng tin ca nhng cn b ch cht cp x m nhim cc chc danh: B th ng y x, Ch tch UBND x, Ph Ch tch UBND x 29

Tnh chung c nc, trong s i ng cn b ch cht, tuy nam gii qua cc k TT vn chim i a s, song t l cn b n nm 2011 c tng nh, t 5,4% so vi mc 3,9% ca nm 2006. Vng c cn b ch cht x l n chim t l cao, tc tr ho nhanh, trnh vn ho, chuyn mn t trung cp tr ln cao nht l BSCL: T l n t 8,9% (nm 2006 l 4,7% v nm 2001 l 2%). V tui, n di 30 tui chim 7,1%, t l ny cc nm 2006 v 2001 tng ng l 4,8% v 2,3%. Cn b ch cht x l n c trnh vn ho THPT t 97,5% so vi 88,8% nm 2006 v 66,5% nm 2001. V chuyn mn nghip v, n c trnh t trung cp tr ln t 97,1% (nm 2006 l 87,6%). Cng vi kin ton i ng, tr s lm vic ca chnh quyn cp x c nng cp v tng bc hin i ho, to iu kin thun li cho vic qun l, ch o iu hnh c thng sut, kp thi gia cc cp, cc ngnh cng nh nhiu li ch khc. n nm 2011, c nc c 98,6% s tr s UBND x c xy dng kin c, bn kin c (trong 72,4% c xy dng kin c); 99,5% tr s UBND x c my vi tnh so vi 92,7% nm 2006. c bit 3/4 s tr s UBND x c my vi tnh kt ni mng Internet, cao hn rt nhiu so vi mc 1/20 ca nm 2006.

30

Bn cnh cc thnh tch nu trn, tn ti ln nht trong lnh vc ny l mt bng v trnh cn b ch cht ca x cng nh iu kin lm vic ti x cc vng, tnh cn c s chnh lch ln. iu kin lm vic ca cn b x vng cao thp hn nhiu so vi cc x vng khc nh: mi gn 2/3 tr s lm vic c xy kin c; 46,6% UBND x c my tnh kt ni Internet. Ti nhiu tnh trnh chuyn mn, l lun chnh tr hoc qun l nh nc ca cn b ch cht ca x cn hn ch. c bit, mt s tnh c trn 10% s cn b cha qua o to chuyn mn, l lun chnh tr, qun l nh nc nh Lo Cai, Lai Chu, Cao Bng. S cn b ch cht cp x c trnh v chuyn mn hoc l lun chnh tr t i hc tr ln cn rt thp. y l tr ngi khng nh trong vic a NN, NT ln cng nghip ho, hin i ho. 2. C cu ngnh ngh ca h nng thn c s chuyn dch theo hng tch cc, song vn cha khc phc c s chnh lch ln gia cc vng kinh t - x hi Chuyn dch c cu kinh t v lao ng NT l chnh sch ln ca ng v Nh nc ta trong thi k y mnh cng nghip ho v hin i ho t nc, trong trng tm l cng nghip ho, hin i ho NN, NT. K hoch pht trin kinh t - x hi 5 nm 2006 - 2010 trong Ngh quyt i hi X ca ng xc nh: y mnh chuyn dch c cu lao ng NT, gim nhanh t trng lao ng lm NN, tng t trng lm cng nghip v dch v3. Thc hin Ngh quyt ca ng, Nh nc ban hnh nhiu chnh sch chuyn dch c cu kinh t v lao ng NT. Nhng kt qu t c trong 5 nm 2006 - 2010 v vn quan trng ny mt phn c phn nh trong kt qu TT NTNN 2011. 2.1. Chuyn dch c cu ngnh ngh h NT c nhiu tin b hai vng NB v BSH S h NT c nc ti thi im 01/7/2011 l khong 15,34 triu h, tng 1,58 triu h (+11,4%) so vi nm 2006, trong tng nhanh nht l NB (+26,6%) v TN (+17,4%). Tc tng h NT thi k 2006 - 2011 cao hn hn thi k 2001 - 2006 (l thi k c mc tng 0,7 triu h hay 5,4%), ngoi nguyn nhn do tng nhn khu4 cn c nguyn nhn do tch h lm cho quy m h gia nh khu vc NT gim i r rt. S liu TT cho thy trong 5 nm 2006 - 2011 c cu ngnh ngh ca h NT c s chuyn dch nhanh theo hng tch cc: Gim s lng v t trng nhm h NLTS; tng s lng v t trng nhm h CNXD v dch v. V s lng h, n 1/7/2011, khu vc NT c nc c 9,53 triu h NLTS, gim 248 nghn h (-2,54%) so vi nm 2006. S h CNXD t trn 2,3 triu h, tng thm 903 nghn h, tng 64% v h dch v l 2,82 triu h, tng 771 nghn h, tng 37,5% trong thi gian tng ng. Nu cng c 2 loi h CNXD v dch v n 1/7/2011 t 5,13 triu h, tng 1,67 triu h (+48,5%) so vi nm 2006.
3 4

Vn kin i hi X, tr.195. Dn s trung bnh nm 2009 c nc l 86,025 triu ngi; trong dn s khu vc NT l 60,440 triu ngi; c tnh dn s trung bnh nm 2010 c nc l 86,928 triu, trong c 60,703 triu c dn NT. Tc tng dn s khu vc NT nm 2010 c s b l 0,44%. (Ngun: Nin gim Thng k nm 2010, NXB Thng k). 31

V c cu, t trng h NLTS khu vc NT nm 2011 l 62,2% so vi 71,1% ca nm 2006 v 80,9% ca nm 2001; t trng h CNXD ca cc nm tng ng ln lt t 15%, 10,2% v 5,76%, t trng h dch v t 18,4%, 14,9% v 10,6% trong 3 nm tng ng. Nu gp c hai nhm h CNXD v dch v th t trng 2 khu vc phi NLTS t 2006 n 2011 tng thm 8,3% (t 25,1% ln 33,4%). Nu so vi nm 2001, t l ny nm 2011 tng thm 17,1% (t 16,3% ln 33,4%), cn t trng h NLTS gim 18,8% (t 80,93% xung 62,15%). Hnh 5 th hin mt xu hng chuyn dch c cu h NT theo 3 nhm ngnh ngh (NLTS; CNXD; dch v) qua 3 k TT 2001, 2006 v 2011 trn phm vi c nc cng nh 6 vng KT-XH. Trn phm vi c nc trong giai on 2001-2011, s h NLTS c qua 5 nm li gim i khong t 9% n 10%, trong khi 2 khu vc CNXD v dch v li tng ln: khu vc CNXD tng mc 4,5 - 5%, khu vc dch v tng chm hn mc t v 3,5 - 4,5%. ng ch l n nm 2011 c 13/63 tnh (20,6%) c t trng h CNXD v dch v chim trn 40% tng s h NT (nm 2006 ch c 5/63 tnh).

Hnh 5 cng cho thy trn phm vi vng, tc chuyn dch c cu ngnh ngh h NT t NLTS sang CNXD v dch v r nt nht xy ra vng NB v tip theo l BSH. hai vng ny, s h NLTS u di 50% tng s h NT, c bit vng NB ch chim cha n 40%. NB cng l vng c s h CNXD t t trng xp x 30%, h dch v cng t mc tng t. Tri ngc li, tc chuyn dch c cu ngnh ngh h NT t NLTS sang CNXD v dch v qua 10 nm 2001-2011 tuy c din ra vng TDMNPB v vng TN, song mc gim khng ng k. T trng cc h CNXD v dch v vng TDMNPB ch tng t 11,3% ln 16,6%; vng TN t 10,2% ln 12,3%. im ng lu l vng TN t trng h CNXD v h dch v hu nh khng thay i. y cng l nhng vng m cc h NLTS chim a s (trn 80%). C cu h NT phn theo thu nhp chnh cng c xu hng chuyn dch tng t theo ngnh ngh. Theo kt qu TT nm 2011, t l h c ngun thu nhp chnh t ngnh NLTS
32

chim 57,1% (gim 10,7% so vi nm 2006); t l h c ngun thu nhp chnh t CNXD t 17,3% (+6%); t l h c ngun thu nhp chnh t dch v t 19,4% (+4,2%). Xu hng ny din ra c 6 vng nhng mc khc nhau. 2.2. C cu ngnh ngh ca lao ng NT chuyn dch nhanh hn so vi c cu ngnh ngh ca h. S chuyn dch v c cu ngnh ngh ca h NT c lin quan trc tip n quy m v tc chuyn dch c cu lao ng khu vc ny. Nm 2011 s ngi trong tui c kh nng lao ng khu vc NT l 32 triu ngi, tng 1,4 triu ngi (+4,5%) so vi 2006. T l s ngi trong tui lao ng c kh nng lao ng thc t c lm vic trong 12 thng qua phn theo hot ng chnh nm 2011 nh sau: lao ng NLTS chim 59,6%, gim ng k so vi mc 70,4% ca nm 2006 v 79,6% ca nm 2001; trong ring ngnh NN chim 55,2% (nm 2006 l 65,5% v nm 2001 l 75,9%); T trng lao ng CNXD ln lt cc nm 2011, 2006 v 2001 ln lt l 18,4%, 12,5% v 7,4%; t l lao ng dch v l 20,5%, 15,9% v 11,9% 3 nm tng ng. Bng 3 th hin xu hng chuyn dch c cu lao ng NT, song khng ng u gia cc vng. Kt qu t c v chuyn dch c cu lao ng NT theo ngnh sn xut chnh ca c nc v cc vng nm 2011 tuy c tin b so vi cc nm 2001 v 2006 nhng vn cn chm v c khong cch xa so vi yu cu. Trong 10 nm t 2001-2011, t trng lao ng NLTS mi gim c 20% t khong 80% nm 2001 xung khong 60% vo nm 2011, bnh qun mi nm gim c 2%. Trong giai on 2006-2011, t l lao ng khu vc ny gim c 10,9%, bnh qun mi nm cng ch gim c 2,19%. Cc vng c chuyn dch c cu lao ng thp l: TN, TDMNPB v BSCL.
Bng 3. Chuyn dch c cu lao ng NT qua 3 ngnh ngh chia theo vng KT-XH qua 3 k TT cc nm 2001, 2006 v 2010. % NLTS 2001 C nc BSH TDMNPB BTBDHMT TN NB BSCL 79,61 77,26 91,15 80,28 91,94 58,46 79,23 2006 70,41 60,48 86,50 71,95 88,38 49,06 71,81 2011 59,59 42,63 79,74 62,64 85,28 36,07 62,17 2001 7,36 10,50 2,27 6,93 1,55 16,06 7,83 CNXD 2006 12,46 20,36 4,33 11,16 2,52 23,37 9,74 2011 18,40 31,26 8,48 15,52 3,04 31,45 14,33 2001 11,51 11,67 6,33 11,36 6,22 20,02 12,64 Dch v 2006 15,95 18,31 8,81 15,73 8,84 24,43 16,89 2011 20,52 25,18 11,47 20,47 11,42 28,5 21,33

Tuy kt qu chuyn dch c cu lao ng NT nhng nm qua din ra cn chm so vi yu cu, cha u gia cc vng v cc a phng nhng cng c im mi l xu hng hot ng
33

a dng ngnh ngh ca lao ng khu vc NT ngy cng tng. Trong tng s ngi trong tui lao ng c tham gia hot ng NN trong 12 thng qua th lao ng chuyn NN (thun nng) chim 46%; lao ng NN kim ngnh ngh khc chim 32,1% v lao ng phi NN c hot ng ph NN chim 21,9%. T l lao ng trong tui thun nng cao nht l cc x vng ng bng (62,9%), lao ng NN kim ngh khc cao nht l cc x vng cao (48,9%). Ngoi lc lng lao ng trong tui, khu vc NT cn c 4,1 triu ngi trn tui thc t c tham gia lao ng. 2.4. Trnh chuyn mn ca lao ng NT c nng ln mt bc nhng cn rt chm so vi yu cu V o to ngh cho nng dn, Ngh quyt i hi X nhn mnh vic ch trng o to ngh, to vic lm cho nng dn v lao ng NT, nht l cc khu vc nh nc thu hi t xy dng kt cu h tng v cc c s phi NN. Thc hin Ngh quyt ng, trong nhng nm qua, Nh nc ban hnh nhiu chnh sch v Chng trnh o to ngh cho nng dn. Vi s h tr ca Nh nc trong vic o to ngh min ph, trnh chuyn mn k thut ca lao ng NT nng ln. S ngi trong tui lao ng c kh nng lao ng c trnh chuyn mn k thut t s cp tr ln nm 2011 chim t l 11,2% (nm 2006 t 8,2% v nm 2001 t 6,2%), trong : trnh trung cp ln lt cc nm 2011, 2006 v 2001 l 4,3%, 3% v 2,5 %; trnh i hc l 2,2%, 1,1% v 0,7% trong 3 nm tng ng. Vng c t l lao ng NT c o to tay ngh t trung cp tr ln cao nht l BSH t 12,7%, NB t 8,9%; BTBDHMT 8,9%; TDMNPB 7,5%. Thp nht l TN t 5,4% v BSCL t 5%. C th ni tuy t c nhng tin b so vi cc nm trc nhng trnh chuyn mn ca lao ng NT vn cn rt thp trc yu cu sn xut hng ho trong nn kinh t th trng. iu ny dn n kh nng chuyn i ngnh ngh t khu vc NLTS sang khu vc CNXD v dch v cn chm v khng u gia cc vng, cc a phng, nht l min ni, vng su, vng dn tc thiu s. Lao ng NT d tha nhiu nhng cn t lao ng chuyn i sang cng nghip v dch v. Mt bng chng thc t l cc khu cng nghip thiu rt nhiu lao ng k thut v cng nhn lnh ngh nhng khng th thu ht c s lng ng o lao ng d tha khu vc NT. 3. Kinh t NT tip tc pht trin, thu nhp v tch lu ca h NT tng Kinh t nc ta trong 5 nm qua tng trng bnh qun t 7%, GDP bnh qun u ngi nm 2010 t 1.168 USD. Hu ht cc ngnh, cc lnh vc u tng trng kh. S pht trin n nh ca ngnh NLTS, nht l sn lng lng thc vt mc tiu ca Chin lc pht trin KT-XH 10 nm 2001-2010 v K hoch pht trin KT-XH 5 nm 2006-2010, an ninh lng thc quc gia m bo, nn i sng nhn dn ni chung v c dn NT ngy cng c ci thin, thu nhp ngy cng cao. iu ny to iu kin cho c dn NT tng thm tch ly. Ti thi im 01/7/2011, vn tch lu bnh qun 1 h NT t 17,4 triu ng, gp 2,6 ln so vi 01/7/2006. Nu loi tr yu t trt gi5 th vn tch ly bnh qun 1 h NT nm 2011 tng
5

Ch s gi tiu dng nm 2011 so vi nm 2006 l 184,26%. 34

khong 41% so vi nm 2006 - cao hn so vi mc tng trng kinh t nc ta trong thi k 2006-2011 (gn 40%).

Hnh 6 cho thy trn phm vi c nc tc tng vn tch lu bnh qun 1 h nm 2011 tng i cao so vi nm 2006, song mc chnh lch gia cc vng cn ln. NB c mc tch ly cao nht, vi mc tch ly bnh qun t 23,6 triu ng/h (tng 126% so vi nm 2006). Hai vng va la ln nht c nc u c mc tng cao: BSH t 23,5 triu ng (trn 3 ln), BSCL t 21,1 triu ng (gn 3 ln). Ba vng cn li c mc tch lu bnh qun thp, trong TDMNPB ch t mc tch lu bnh qun 8,7 triu ng/h (2,3 ln); BTBDHMT 13,8 triu ng (2,4 ln).

35

Mc chnh lch vn tch lu bnh qun nm 2011 gia cc loi h c th hin r nt Hnh 7. Nhm cc h kinh doanh dch v c mc tch ly vn bnh qun cao, trong : H thng nghip c vn tch lu bnh qun cao nht (34,9 triu ng/h), tip n l h dch v khc 25,2 triu ng/h. H TS cng t cao vi mc 25,2 triu ng, tip theo l h vn ti v h cng nghip t 20,7 triu ng. Nhm cc h c mc vn tch lu bnh qun thp di mc 15 triu ng gm: H XD (14,8 triu ng); h NN (12,9 triu ng); H LN (7,8 triu ng); H dim nghip c vn tch ly bnh qun thp nht (6 triu ng), ch bng 35% mc bnh qun chung. Thu nhp ca h thng nghip gp 5,8 ln ca h dim nghip, gp 4,5 ln thu nhp ca h LN v gp gn 2,7 ln ca h NN. Tch lu thp phn no phn nh thu nhp v i sng ca h LN, dim nghip v NN cn gp nhiu kh khn so vi cc nhm h thuc cc ngnh ngh khc. S liu cuc TT 2011 cng phn nh s quan tm thc hin cc chnh sch x hi, dn sinh ca Nh nc trong nhng nm qua. Trong nm 2010, khu vc NT c trn 259 nghn h, (chim 1,7% tng s h NT), c h tr xy dng, sa cha nh. Vng c t l c h tr cao l TDMNPB (3,4%), tip theo l vng TN (2,9%). Nh , nh v dng trong nh ca h NT c ci thin6. S liu TT cng cho bit trong tng s h NT c 3,33 triu h, chim t l 21,6%, c vay vn u i theo cc chng trnh, d n, trong c chng trnh h tr cc i tng chnh sch, cc h ngho, h dn tc thiu s xy dng, ci to nh . 4. Thc trng NT nm 2011 cho thy t l cc a phng t c tiu ch v xy dng NTM cn ang mc thp. Kt qu TT cho thy b mt NT nc ta trong nhng nm qua c nhng chuyn bin r rt. Tuy nhin, thc hin cc ni dung trong Chng trnh mc tiu quc gia v xy dng NTM cn phi pht huy ti a sc mnh, ngun lc ca Nh nc v ton dn trong thi gian ti. Bng 4 m t t l % s x t t 1 n 10 tiu ch trong b tiu ch NTM vo thi im 01/7/2011. Kt qu TT nm 2011 cho thy thc trng v vic thc hin mt s tiu ch trong b tiu ch quc gia v NTM nh sau:

- Phn ln cc x (77%) mi t t 2 n 5 tiu ch trong s 13 tiu ch thu thp thng tin

trong TT ny; trong BSH t 87%, BSCL t gn 80%, NB t 84%; ring TDMNPB ch 69% s x t 2-5 tiu ch.

- Tnh chung c nc, t l x t 1 tiu ch cn nhiu (gn 11%); trong mt s vng t

l ny cao: TN (22,2%), TDMNPB (18,3%).

- Xt theo tng tiu ch, mt s tiu ch c t l x t trn 50% nh: Bu in; hnh thc
t chc sn xut; t chc chnh tr - x hi vng mnh. Tuy nhin, nhiu tiu ch t l x t ch di 10% nh: Giao thng; trng hc; ch NT; c cu lao ng.
6

Theo s liu KSMSHG nm 2010: T l nh kin c tng t 17% nm 2006 ln 50,5% nm 2010, nh bn kin c gim dn t 63,7% xung cn 32,9%, t l nh tm t 19,3% xung cn 7,2%. Din tch nh bnh qun 1 nhn khu NT tng t 13,9m2 ln 16,7 m2. 36

Bng 4. T l x t cc nhm tiu ch NTM 7 (%) X t 1 tiu ch C nc BSH TDMNPB BTBDHMT TN NB BSCL
10,97 4,78 18,27 13,13 20,23 4,59 1,46

X t 2 tiu ch
19,30 16,46 25,06 22,13 24,25 15,87 7,14

X t 3 tiu ch
23,50 30,71 21,80 22,05 25,42 25,47 16,88

X t 4 tiu ch
21,39 26,39 14,75 20,80 13,38 25,89 28,63

X t 5 tiu ch
13,16 13,73 7,71 11,23 6,69 16,70 27,17

X t 6 tiu ch
5,49 5,30 3,43 3,72 2,51 7,52 13,35

X t 7 tiu ch
1,82 1,39 1,63 1,21 0,84 1,88 4,37

X t 8 tiu ch
0,40 0,21 0,53 0,20 0,17 0,63 0,84

X t 9 tiu ch
0,06 0,05 0,13 0,04

X t 10 tiu ch
0,01

0,04

Vi thc trng nu trn, d mi nh gi theo 13 tiu ch c thu thp thng qua cuc TT cng cho thy vic thc hin xy dng NTM ang t ra nhiu thch thc cho cc cp, cc ngnh trong vic thc hin cc mc tiu ca Ngh quyt s 26 Hi ngh BCH Trung ng ng ln th 7 v nng nghip, nng dn, nng thn, l: t 20% s x trn phm vi c nc t tiu chun NTM (NTM) vo nm 2015 v 50% s x t tiu ch NTM vo nm 2020. Ring ti H Ni v TP. HCM n nm 2015 phi c 35 - 40% s x t chun NTM v 70% vo nm 2020. B. TNG QUAN NNG, LM NGHIP V THU SN NM 2011 Tng quan chung v nng, lm nghip v thu sn Nng nghip (ngha rng, bao gm c lm nghip v thy sn) ng vai tr rt quan trng trong pht trin kinh t v n nh chnh tr - x hi i vi Vit Nam. n nm 2011, vi gn 70% dn s sng khu vc NT v 50% s lao ng NT l lao ng NN, vic pht trin NN va l mc tiu, ng lc, va l cng c, gii php hiu qu nht ca ng v Chnh ph trong cng cuc xa i, gim ngho, nng cao i sng ca c dn NT, bo v mi trng, thc hin cc mc tiu Thin nin k. V s n v kinh t, kt qu TT cho bit tnh n 01/7/2011 c nc c khong 10,37 triu h hot ng trong lnh vc NN (ngha rng), chim 44,8% trong tng s h ca c nc; theo kt qu iu tra doanh nghip nm 2011 ti thi im 01/01/2011 c nc c 2.536 doanh nghip, 6.302 hp tc x NLTS.

Cuc Tng iu tra thu thp thng tin nh gi s b thc trng NT theo 13 tiu ch: (1) Quy hoch v thc hin quy hoch; (2) Giao thng; (3) Thy li; (4) Trng hc; (4) C s vt cht vn ha; (6) Ch NT; (7) Bu in; (8) H ngho; (9) C cu lao ng; (10) Hnh thc t chc sn xut; (11) Y t; (12) Vn ha; (13) H thng t chc chnh tr x hi vng mnh. 37

V t ai, t ngun s liu ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng cho bit nm 2011 lnh vc NLTS s dng 26,23 triu ha din tch t NN, chim gn 75% tng din tch t nhin ca c nc. V lao ng, kt qu TT cho bit tnh n 01/7/2011 s lao ng NLTS trong tui c kh nng lao ng trn 20,5 triu ngi, chim 45% trong tng s lao ng trong tui c kh nng lao ng ca c nc. V kt qu hot ng sn xut, kinh doanh, t ngun Nin gim Thng k do Tng cc Thng k cho thy trong nm 2011, ngnh NLTS to ra 558,3 nghn t ng gi tr tng thm theo gi hin hnh (trong NN chim 79,1%, lm nghip l 3,1% v thy sn l 17,8%), tng ng vi 94,2 nghn t ng theo gi c nh 1994. Trong c cu Tng sn phm trong nc (GDP), lnh vc NLTS chim 22%; ng gp 0,66 im phn trm vo mc tng 5,89% ca GDP nm 2011 nc ta. Nhng sn phm quan trng nm 2011 u tng kh so vi nm 2001: Sn lng la t 42,3 triu tn, tng 10,2 triu tn (+31,8%); sn lng tht ln hi t 3,1 triu tn, tng 103%; sn lng g khai thc t 4,7 triu m3, tng 95,8%; sn lng thy sn t 5,43 triu tn, tng 122,5%... Thc hin ng li, Ngh quyt ca ng v cng nghip ha, hin i ha nn NN, NT, sn xut nng, lm nghip v thu sn thi k 2001 - 2011 pht trin ton din v tng trng n nh, ng vai tr quan trng trong nn kinh t quc dn, ang vn ti mt nn nng nghip c tnh cht hng ho, k thut tin tin, c cu kinh t a ngnh. Di y l nhng kt qu ch yu v sn xut NLTS ca nc ta trong nm 2011 t cuc TT NTNN kt hp vi thng tin chnh thng ca c quan c thm quyn cng b. 1. S lng h v HTX gim, DN tng so vi 5 nm trc song mc bin ng khng ng k n v iu tra trong cuc TT nm 2011 c th chia thnh 2 nhm: (i) cc doanh nghip NLTS, cc Hp tc x NLTS v cc h NLTS c 2 khu vc TT v NT (gi chung l n v kinh t NLTS); v (ii) cc h phi NLTS khu vc NT. Phn ny ch tp trung vo nhm n v kinh t NLTS. H NLTS l nhm n v sn xut quan trng nht trong lnh vc NLTS trn cc phng din t ai s dng, lc lng lao ng, hng ho sn xut to ra... Tuy nhin, c bc tranh ton cnh v lnh vc NLTS ca c nc, bo co ny c s dng kt qu iu tra doanh nghip hng nm, c bit l nm 2011, do Tng cc Thng k thc hin b sung thng tin v cc doanh nghip nng, lm nghip v thy sn (sau y vit tt l DN NLTS hoc DN), cc hp tc x nng, lm nghip v thy sn (sau y vit tt l HTX NLTS hoc HTX). H NLTS, DN NLTS v HTX NLTS c gi chung l cc n v kinh t NLTS.

38

Bng 5. n v NLTS qua 2 nm 2006 v 2011 2006 S n v DN NN Lm nghip Thy sn HTX NN Lm nghip Thy sn H NN Lm nghip Thy sn 2.136 608 296 1.232 7.237 6.971 30 236 10.462.367 9.740.160 34.223 687.984 C cu (%) 100,00 28,46 13,86 57,68 100,00 96,32 0,41 3,26 100,00 93,10 0,33 6,57 S n v 2.536 955 434 1.147 6.302 6.072 33 197 10.368.143 9.591.696 56.692 719.755 2011 C cu (%) 100,00 37,66 17,11 45,23 100,00 96,35 0,52 3,13 100,00 92,51 0,55 6,94 Tng/gim nm 2011 so vi nm 2006 S lng 400 347 138 -85 -935 -899 3 -39 -94.205 -148.442 22.467 31.770 T l (%) 18,73 57,07 46,62 -6,90 -12,92 -12,90 10,00 -16,53 -0,90 -1,52 65,65 4,62

Bng 5 cho thy ti thi im 01/01/2011 c nc c 2.536 doanh nghip trong : DN NN chim gn 37,7%; DN LN chim 17,1% v DN TS chim 45,2%. C nc c 6.302 hp tc x, trong : HTX NN chim i a s (gn 96,4%). So vi nm 2006, s DN nm 2011 tng 400 n v (18,7%), s HTX gim 935 n v (-12,9%), s h gim 94,2 nghn h (-0,9%). Trn phm vi c nc (gm c khu vc TT v NT), trong giai on 2006 - 2011, h NN chim i a s vi gn 9,6 tri u h nm 2011 ( 92,5%), gi m 149 nghn h (-1,5%) so vi nm 2006. Sau NN, thu sn l ngnh th 2 vi gn 720 nghn h, chim 6,94% v tng gn 32 nghn h (+4,6%) so vi nm 2006. H lm nghip c gn 57 nghn h, chim 0,55% v tng gn 23 nghn h (+65,6%) so vi nm 2006. Ti thi im 01/7/2011 c nc c khong 10,37 triu h NLTS, trong : h nng nghip (sau y vit tt l h NN) chim i a s vi gn 9,6 triu h (92,5%); h thy sn (sau y gi tt l h TS) gn 720 nghn h (6,94%); h lm nghip (sau y vit tt l h LN) c gn 57 nghn h (0,55%). So vi nm 2006, tnh chung s h NLTS gim 0,9%, trong : h NN gim 1,5%, song h LN tng 4,6% v h TS tng 65,6%. Hnh 8 th hin phn b cc n v NLTS theo loi n v v vng kinh t qua 2 nm 2006 v 2011. Cc doanh nghip. im ni bt nht l vng BSCL chim t trng rt ln v s DN NLTS song c xu hng gim r rt (nm 2006 chim khong 50%, nm 2011 ch cn khong 37%), trong khi cc vng khc u tng nh, trong ln nht l NB tng gn 5%, cn thp nht l BSH ch tng 0,8% so vi nm 2006.
39

Cc HTX. BSH c HTX chim t trng ln c 2 nm v c xu hng tng song khng ng k (nm 2006 chim gn 48% v nm 2011 chim gn 50%). Vng BTBDHMT ng th hai v u xoay quanh 31,5%. Cc vng cn li u thp di 10% c nm 2006 v 2011, trong TN v NB u chim di 2% tng s HTX NLTS c nc v gim nh t 2006 qua 2011. H NLTS. y l nhm cc n v sn xut quan trng nht trong lnh vc nng, lm nghip v thu sn trn cc phng din t ai s dng, lc lng lao ng, hng ho sn xut to ra... Qua 5 nm 2006 - 2011, xu hng bin ng h NLTS tuy theo chiu hng tch cc nhng cha u gia cc vng. T Hnh 8 c th thy r bin ng trong t trng s h NLTS ca tng vng trong tng s h NLTS ca c nc qua 2 k Tng iu tra 2006 v 2011 khng ln. Ti 3 vng c t trng ln l BSH, BTBDHMT v BSCL (t 21 - 25%) th gim ln nht l BSH cng ch mc 2,3%. TDMNPB l vng c t trng nm gia 2 nhm cao v thp, ch gim 1,1% t 18,4% ca nm 2006 xung 17,3% ca nm 2011. Tri ngc vi 4 vng nu trn, t trng trong tng s h NLTS ca hai vng cn li l rt thp (di 9%) v mc bin ng giai on 2006-2011 cng nh: TN l vng c t trng thp nht nhng c mc tng cao nht (t 7,2% ln 8,3%); NB gim khng ng k (t 5,9% xung 5,8%). 2. Bin ng t NN giai on 2006 - 2011 din bin theo chiu hng mi, t la gim, t trng cy lu nm tng t NN8. Theo s liu Hin trng s dng t ti 01/01/2011 ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng, tng din tch t NN l gn 26,21 triu ha chim gn 75% tng din tch t nhin ca c nc, chia ra: t sn xut NN gn 10,13 triu ha (38,64%); t lm nghip gn 15,37 triu ha (58,63%); t nui trng thy sn gn 690 nghn ha (2,63%) v t NN khc 26,1 nghn ha (0,1%). Hnh 9 m t din t NN chia theo cc i tng s dng ch yu. H gia nh s dng trn 1,4 triu ha, chim trn mt na (53,6%). Phn na non cn li phn b nh sau: UBND cp x s dng 430,6 nghn ha (1,64%); t chc kinh t trong nc s dng 0,29 triu
8

t nng nghip bao gm: t sn xut nng nghip, t lm nghip, t nui trng thy sn v t nng nghip khc 40

ha (11,2%); t chc khc trong nc s dng 0,5 triu ha (19,36%); t chc, c nhn nc ngoi s dng 30,2 nghn ha (0,12%).

Trong giai on 2006 - 2011 xu hng bin ng t NN din ra rt a dng tu thuc vo tng loi t, tng vng trong quan trng nht l t sn xut NN. t sn xut NN9. Nm 2011, tng din tch t sn xut NN c nc c 10,1 triu ha, phn b cho 6 vng ln lt nh sau: BSH chim 5,4%; TDMNPB chim 27,7%; BTBDHMT chim 28,3%; TN chim 18,4%; NB chim 7,3% v BSCL chim 13,0%. So vi nm 2006, c nc tng gn 714 nghn ha (+7,6%) so vi nm 2006. Hnh 10 cho thy r khuynh hng chung l u tng ti cc vng, ngoi tr BSH. TN l vng c mc tng cao nht: 356 nghn ha (+22,3%) so vi nm 2006. BSH c gn 780 nghn ha, gim gn 36 nghn ha (-4,3%) so vi nm 2006. y l mt trong nhng nguyn nhn dn n xu hng di dn t do t cc vng khc ln TN trong nhng nm qua v c th c sau ny. BSH l vng t cht, ngi ng li gim 4,3% so vi nm 2006 cng l mt xu hng ng quan ngi.

t sn xut nng nghip bao gm: t trng cy hng nm; t trng cy lu nm 41

t trng cy hng nm 10. n nm 2011, c nc c 6437,6 nghn ha, tng 79 nghn ha (+ 1,2%) so vi nm 2006. t trng la. V lin quan trc tip n an ninh lng thc quc gia, t trng la c xem l loi t quan trng nht v chim t l ln nht trong t trng cy hng nm. S liu ca B Ti Nguyn v Mi trng cho bit tnh n 01/01/2011 c nc c hn 4,12 triu ha t trng la, gim gn 32 nghn ha (-0,76%) so vi nm 2006. Hnh 11 bc l xu hng bin ng ca cc vng nh sau: NB gim ln nht, n 48,3 nghn ha (-21%); BSH gim 38,3 nghn ha (-5,8%); BTBDHMT gim 10,7 nghn ha (-1,5%). Ba vng cn li u tng: TDMNPB gn 36 nghn ha (+7,2%); TN hn 7 nghn ha (+4,6%); BSCL gn 23 nghn ha (+1,2%).

10

t trng cy hng nm bao gm: t trng la v t trng cy hng nm khc 42

Vt hn hn cc vng khc v din tch t trng la bnh qun 1 h c trng la l BSCL (t hn 14 nghn m2/h vo nm 2011), trong khi BSH, va la ln th 2 ca c nc, c din tch trng la bnh qun 1 h thp nht vi 2,1 nghn m2/h vo nm 2011. So vi nm 2006, hai vng c bnh qun din tch trng la cao nht ng thi cng l hai vng c khuynh hng tng r rng: BSCL tng 1,2 nghn m2/h; NB tng hn 1,1 nghn m2/h. Cc vng cn li bin ng khng ng k.

t trng cy lu nm11. Nm 2011 c nc c gn 3,7 triu ha t trng cy lu nm, phn b ti cc vng nh sau: BSH chim 2,4%; TDMNPB chim 10,1%; BTBDHMT chim 14,2%; TN chim gn 30%; NB chim 28,1% v BSCL chim 15,3%. Xu hng tng din tch trng cy lu nm, trong khong 5 nm (2006 - 2011) din ra mnh v trn tt c 6 vng. So vi nm 2006, trn phm vi c nc tng n 634,4 nghn ha (gn 21%) v xu hng bin ng gia cc vng c th nhn thy qua Hnh 10: TN tng nhiu nht (29,2%); BTBDHMT tuy ng th t v din tch song ng th hai v tc (27,1%). Hai va la ln nht c nc c mc tng rt nh, trong BSH tng t nht vi 2,1 nghn ha (2,3%). Nguyn nhn tng ch yu do chuyn t t khc, k c t lm nghip, sang trng cy lu nm nh c ph, cao su, cy n qu. (Ti vng TN t lm nghip gim 202 nghn ha, NB gim 157 nghn ha...). t lm nghip12. Vo thi im 01/01/2011 c nc c gn 15,37 triu ha t lm nghip, tng 929 nghn ha (+ 6,44%). Xu hng bin ng t lm nghip rt khc nhau gia cc vng: Vng TDMNPB, nm 2011 c 5662 nghn ha, tng 639,5 nghn ha (+ 12,7%) so vi nm 2006. TN c 2865 nghn ha, gim 202 nghn ha (-6,6%),... Nguyn nhn t lm nghip gim nhiu mt s vng mt phn do vic th ho, cng nghip ho v chuyn i mc ch s dng t lm nghip sang NN.

11 12

t trng cy lu nm bao gm: t trng cy cng nghip lu nm v t trng cy n qu lu nm t lm nghip bao gm: t rng sn xut; t rng phng h v t rng c dng 43

t nui trng thu sn13. Vo thi im 01/01/2011 c nc c gn 690 nghn ha t nui trng thu sn, gim 11,8 nghn ha (-1,7%) so vi nm 2006. Vng c din tch nui trng thu sn ln nht l BSCL gim nhiu t 502,9 nghn ha nm 2006 xung cn 468 nghn ha nm 2011, gim 35 nghn ha (-6,9%). Nguyn nhn do mt s din tch nui tm v nui c khu vc ny gim, c bit 2 tnh C Mau v Bc Liu. Gi c cc mt hng ny bin ng bt li: Gi thc n tng, sn xut khng c hiu qu dn n nhiu h nui trng thu sn chuyn i mc ch s dng t. Cc vng cn li tuy c din tch mt nc nui trng thu sn tng nhng quy m khng ln. 3. Quy m t ai v quy m gia sc, gia cm ca h bc u chuyn dch theo hng sn xut hng ho, song vn chm v khng u gia cc vng Quy m s dng t sn xut NN ca h14. Theo kt qu cuc TT nm 2011, c nc c 11,95 triu h c s dng t sn xut NN, tng 295 nghn h (+2,5%) so vi nm 2006. Nhn chung, quy m t ca h hu nh khng thay i so vi nm 2006 v ph bin l nh l. n nm 2011 vn cn 69% s h s dng t sn xut NN c quy m di 0,5 ha (gim khng ng k so vi mc 68,8% ca nm 2006); 34,7% s h c quy m di 0,2 ha. iu ny v ang hn ch ng dng tin b khoa hc k thut trong sn xut NN. Tuy nhin, n nm 2011, c nc c gn 740 nghn h (chim 6,2%), c quy m t sn xut NN t 2 ha tr ln, tng 55 nghn h (+8,1%) so vi nm 2006. y l mt du hiu tch cc ca tch t rung t p ng yu cu sn xut ln hng ha trong NLTS. Quy m s dng t trng cy hng nm ca h. Nm 2011 c nc c gn 10,36 triu h c s dng t trng cy hng nm, bnh qun 1 h c s dng t l 0,62 ha. Trong tng s h s dng t trng cy hng nm, s h s dng di 0,2 ha t trng cy hng nm chim ti gn 40% v s h s dng di 1 ha chim t l 88,3%; nhm h s dng t 1 n 2 ha chim 7,7% tng s h s dng t trng cy hng nm, tng 1,16% so vi nm 2006; nhm h s dng trn 2 ha chim 4,07% (ch tng 0,08% so vi nm 2006). T kt qu cuc TT 2011 c th rt ra mt s kt lun s b v quy m s dng t trng cy hng nm ca h nh sau: Nm 2011, vi gn 10,36 triu n v, nhm h c s dng t trng cy hng nm chim mt t trng rt ln (86,6%) trong tng s nhm h c s dng t sn xut NN, song nhn chung quy m s dng ca nhm h s dng t t trng cy hng nm (di 1 ha) chim mt t l rt ln (88,3%). iu ny va th hin nn sn xut trng cy hng nm cn rt nh l, va cho thy s chuyn dch theo hng tch t rung t qua 5 nm cn rt chm. Xu hng ny th hin r nht 3 vng: BSH, TDMNPB v BTBDHMT. Quy m rung t ca h trng cy hng nm qu b v ang hn ch ng dng tin b khoa hc k thut trong sn xut.

13 14

t nui trng thy sn bao gm: t nui trng thy sn nc l, mn; t nui trng thy sn nc ngt Nhm h ny bao gm cc loi h (h NLTS v h phi h NLTS) khu vc NT v h NLTS khu vc TT c s dng t sn xut nng nghip 44

 Nhm h s dng t cy hng nm t 1 ha tr ln tuy chim t l cn b (11,7%) v mc tng cha nhiu qua thi k 2006-2011 song TN v cc vng pha Nam ang c xu hng tng kh hn, th hin mt xu hng tin b trong s dng t trng cy hng nm 3 vng sn xut nng sn hng ho ln nht ca c nc trong nhiu nm qua. Quy m s dng t trng la ca h. Nm 2011, c nc c gn 9,3 triu h s dng t trng la, gim 12 nghn h (-0,13%) so vi nm 2006; bnh qun 1 h c s dng t la l 0,44 ha/h, hu nh khng thay i so vi nm 2006.

Hnh 13 m t c cu h s dng t la nm 2011 phn theo quy m din tch. Chung c nc, cc nhm h c quy m rt nh v nh chim t trng rt ln, chia ra: h s dng di 0,2 ha chim t l n 1/2 tng s h s dng t trng la; tip theo l nhm t 0,2 n di 0,5 ha chim gn 35%. Tnh chung cc h s dng di 0,5 ha chim n 85% tng s h c s dng t trng la. Nhm c quy m va phi (t 0,5 n di 1 ha) chim 8,5%. Nhm c quy m kh (t 1 n di 2 ha) chim 4,4% v nhm h s dng t la vi quy m ln (trn 2 ha) chim 2,3%. Xt tng vng, Hnh 13 cho thy c nhng nt c trng kh r rng. Nhm s dng t 0,2 n di 0,5 ha chim t trng kh ng u gia cc vng. T trng nhm h s dng di 0,2 ha t trng la chim t trng ln trong cc vng thuc min Bc v min Trung, gim dn khu vc TN v min Nam - l nhng khu vc ni nhm c quy m va phi (t 0,5 n di 1 ha) chim t trng kh ln. Vi cc nhm s dng quy m t kh (t 1 n di 2 ha) v ln (trn 2 ha) ni tri hn c l 2 vng min Nam. BSCL t mc 13%, NB t mc 5,6%. Mt s nt c trng ca qui m h s dng t trng la c th c rt ra t kt qu Tng iu tra nh sau: Vi hn 9,27 triu n v, h c s dng t trng la chim t trng ln trong c tng s h c s dng t sn xut NN ni chung (77,6%) cng nh trong tng s h c s dng t trng cy hng nm ni ring (86,7%), song c xu hng gim nh qua 5 nm. Din tch t

45

trng la gim trong khi s h s dng t trng la cng gim lm cho bnh qun din tch s dng trng la mt h trong 5 nm 2006 - 2011 hu nh khng thay i. Quy m s dng t trng la ca i a s cc h nhn chung cn rt nh (85% tng s h c s dng t trng la c din tch di 0,5 ha, trong 50% ch s dng di 0,2 ha) phn nh nn sn xut NN ni chung v sn xut la ni ring n nay vn tnh trng nh l, c bit vi BSH v cc vng BTBDHMT v TDMNPB. Ch trng pht trin m hnh cc cnh ng mu ln Vng BSH v cc vng min Bc v min Trung s gp nhiu kh khn. Trong bi cnh h trng la c quy m nh chim i a s, vng la ln nht c nc l BSCL c nhng khi sc vi t l nhng h s dng t c quy m ln (chim n 87% s h c s dng t 2 ha tr ln), lm tin cho vic tch t rung t trng la, thc hin ch trng pht trin m hnh cc cnh ng mu ln. Quy m s dng t trng cy lu nm ca h. Nm 2011 c nc c gn 5,1 triu h trng cy lu nm, gim hn 22 nghn h so vi nm 2006 (-4,2%), trong nhiu nht l TN gim 20,2%; BSH gim 15,7%; TDMNPB gim 11,8%. Quy m h s dng t cy lu nm theo cc nhm nm 2011 nh sau: Nhm di 0,2 ha chim gn 2/3 tng s h s dng t trng cy lu nm, gim 3,4% so vi nm 2006. Nhm t 0,2 ha n 0,5 ha c nc c 17,1% s h, gn nh khng c thay i qua 5 nm. Nhm s dng t trng trt quy m trung bnh v kh (t 0,5 ha n di 2 ha) c nc c 18,4%, tng nh (2,3%) so vi nm 2006, trong c 5/6 vng tng, cn TN gim nh (-0,15%). C nc c cha n 5% h s dng t trng trt quy m ln (trn 2 ha), tng 1% so vi nm 2006, tp trung ch yu NB (t 20,8%) v TN (16,8%). Cc vng cn li chim mt t l rt thp v nhn chung khng c bin ng ln so vi nm 2006. Kt qu TT cho mt s kt lun nh sau v quy m s dng t trng cy lu nm nh sau: Nm 2011 vi gn 5,1 triu n v, nhm h s dng t trng cy lu nm chim gn 1/2 tng s h c s dng t sn xut NN cho thy tm quan trng ca hot ng sn xut ny trong lnh vc trng trt nc ta. Tuy nhin, sn xut cy lu nm vn mc quy m nh: nhm h s dng di 0,5 ha chim phn ng (gn 77%). Quy m t ca mt h thp, nht l cc vng pha Bc v min Trung gy nhiu hn ch v bt cp i vi yu cu sn xut hng ho ln gn vi ch bin v tiu th sn phm, nht l c ph, cao su. Tuy t l h s dng di 0,5 ha t c xu hng gim, t l s dng trn 0,5 ha c xu hng tng, nht l h s dng trn 2 ha nhng xu hng chuyn dch cn chm v cha u gia cc vng. Quy m s dng t trng cy c ph ca h. Nm 2011, c nc c trn 635 nghn h trng c ph, tng gn 1/3 so vi nm 2006. Trong 5 vng c trng c ph, vng tp trung ch yu cc h trng c ph l TN vi khong 545 nghn h (chim t trng gn 86% tng s h

46

trng c ph c nc), tng 27,5% so vi nm 2006. V quy m din tch ca h s dng t trng c ph, nhm cc h s dng di 0,5 ha chim 31,3%; nhm t 0,5 n di 1 ha chim 30,1%; nhm t 1 ha n di 2 ha chim 28%, nhm s dng t 2 ha tr ln chim hn 10%. S liu TT nm 2011 cho thy vng trng im trng c ph TN vo nm 2011, ba nhm s dng t quy m nh (di 0,5 ha), trung bnh (t 0,5 ha n di 1 ha) v kh (1 n di 2 ha) u chim t 29 n 30% tng s h s dng t trng c ph. Cc nhm s dng nhiu t (t 2 ha tr ln) chim mt t l ng ghi nhn 11,4%, trong gn 1/3 l cc h s dng t 3 ha tr ln. Quy m s dng t trng cao su ca h. Nm 2011, c nc c hn 258 nghn h trng cao su (tng hn 43% so vi nm 2006), trong 3 vng trng im l NB chim 56% tng s h c s dng t trng cao su (tng 118% so vi nm 2006); TN chim 22% (+290%) v BTBDHMT chim gn 20% (+103,6%). TDMNPB ch yu mi pht trin trong nhng nm gn y (c 5,2 nghn h). Trn phm vi c nc vo nm 2011, nhm cc h s dng t 1 n di 2 ha t trng cao su chim 30% tng s h s dng t trng cao su. Hai nhm s dng di 0,5 ha v nhm t 0,5 n di 1 ha u chim trn 20%. Hai nhm s dng nhiu t cao su (t 2 n di 3 ha v t 3 ha tr ln) cng chim mt t l ng ghi nhn, ln lt l 13% v 14%. Quy m chn nui ln ca h. Tnh n thi im 01/7/2011 c nc c trn 4,13 triu h c chn nui ln. Tnh chung 3 vng min Bc v min Trung chim hn 80% tng s h c nui ln: BTBDHMT (30%), TDMNPB (29,1%) v BSH (21,1%). Trong 3 vng cn li, BSCL chim 12%, TN chim 5,1% v NB chim 2,7%.
Bng 6. S lng v c cu h chn nui ln theo quy m s con ln ca tng vng KT-XH, thi im 01/7/2011 S lng h c chn nui ln (1000 h) Tng s Chia theo quy m s con ln 1 n 2 con 2144,0 454,4 615,5 709,9 106,3 30,1 227,9 3 n 5 con 1060,0 170,4 351,0 343,4 50,7 17,5 127,0 6 n 9 con 367,2 66,1 120,6 95,5 20,5 11,7 52,8 T 10 con tr ln 560,4 179,9 117,2 90,0 33,3 51,0 89,0 C cu ca h theo quy m nui trong tng nhm (%) 1 n 2 con 100,0 21,1 29,1 30,0 5,1 2,7 12,0 3 n 5 con 100,0 21,2 28,7 33,1 5,0 1,4 10,6 6 n 9 con 100,0 16,1 33,1 32,4 4,8 1,7 12,0 T 10 con tr ln 100,0 18,0 32,8 26,0 5,6 3,2 14,4

C nc BSH TDMNPB BTBDHMT TN NB BSCL

4131,6 870,7 1204,3 1238,8 210,8 110,2 496,7

So vi nm 2006, s h chn nui ln nm 2011 gim rt mnh (2,2 triu h, gn 35%). H chn nui ln gim tt c 6 vng, trong BSH gim nhiu nht n 52%, k n l
47

BSCL gim gn 37%; BTBDHMT gim gn 34%; NB gim hn 1/3. TDMNPB v TN cng gim trong phm vi t 16-18% S h chn nui ln gim ch yu nhm h nui quy m nh nui di 10 con: C nc c 3,6 triu h nui di 10 con, gim 2,2 triu h (-38,5%) so vi nm 2006. S h nui t 10 n 49 con tng 3,4%; c bit c trn 32 nghn h nui t 50 con tr ln tng gn 80% so vi nm 2006. V c cu ca cc nhm chn nui theo vng, nhm h nui nh l t 1 n 2 con vn chim n trn 50% trn phm vi c nc. T l s h nui 1-2 con cao nht l vng BTBDHMT (57,3%) v thp nht l NB (30%).

Nhm c quy m nh (t 3 n 5 con) cng chim n hn 1/4 s h c chn nui ln trn phm vi c nc. T kt qu TT nm 2011 c th kt lun v quy m h chn nui ln nh sau: n nm 2011, s h nui nh l, quy m nh (t 1- 5 con) cn chim mt t l ln trong tng s h c chn nui ln nc ta (77,5%), trong BTBDHMT c n 85%. iu ny th hin chn nui ln ca cc h nc ta ph bin vn l nh l. NB vn tip tc l vng trng im v chn nui ln vi t trng nhm h c qui m chn nui ln cao hn hn cc vng khc. Chn nui ln nc ta ang c s chuyn dch t chn nui nh l sang quy m ln. So vi nm 2006, mc d s h chn nui ln nm 2011 gim gn 35% song ch yu l nhm cc h nui nh l. Do , tng n ln c nc nm 2011 vn t xp x nm 2006 v sn lng tht ln hi tng gn 24% trong 5 nm. l xu hng tin b ng ghi nhn v ph hp vi yu cu chn nui theo phng php cng nghip, ng dng tin b khoa hc v k thut chn nui, tng s la xut chung cng nh kh nng phng tr dch bnh. H chn nui g. Nm 2011, c nc c hn gn 7,9 triu h c nui g. Tng t nh chn nui ln, s lng cc h c nui g tp trung n 73% min Bc v min Trung: BTBDHMT (28,5%), BSH (22,7%) v TDMNPB (21,9%). Ba vng cn li, BSCL, NB v TN ln lt chim 15%, 6,7% v 5,1%.
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Bng 7. S lng v c cu h chn nui g theo qui m s con g chia theo vng, thi im 01/7/2011 H c chn nui g (1000 h) Chia theo qui m s con g Tng Di 20 con 4301,9 830,1 852,1 1288,7 327,8 206,7 796,5 20 - 49 con 2745,0 721,8 644,1 763,1 155,2 145,6 315,2 50 - 99 con 562,9 150,2 158,5 143,0 31,4 33,2 46,5 T 100 con tr ln 255,0 83,8 71,4 48,3 13,0 13,5 25,0 C cu ca h theo quy m nui trong tng nhm (%) Di 20 con 100,0 19,3 19,8 30,0 7,6 4,8 18,5 20 - 49 con 100,0 26,3 23,5 27,8 5,7 5,3 11,5 50 - 99 con 100,0 26,7 28,2 25,4 5,6 5,9 8,3 T 100 con tr ln 100,0 32,9 28,0 18,9 5,1 5,3 9,8

C nc BSH TDMNPB BTBDHMT TN NB BSCL

7864,7 1785,9 1726,1 2243,1 527,4 399,0 1183,2

Hnh 15 m t c cu ca cc nhm chn nui g theo vng. Tnh chung c nc, nhm nui nh l (1 n 19 con) chim gn 55% tng s h nui g; nhm c qui m va (20 n 49 con) cng chim n gn 35%; nhm qui m kh (50 n 99 con) v nhm c qui m ln ln lt chim 7,2% v 3,2%.

BSCL ng th t v s h nui g trong c nc li l vng c t l h nui nh l ln nht (67,3%). Hai vng BSCL v TN c s h nui g t nht c nc song li c nhm h nui nh l chim t l ln (ln lt trn 57,45% v 62%). i vi nhm qui m va (20 n 49 con), xu hng li ngc li: BSH v BTBDHMT c t l cao hn cc vng khc, ln lt l 40,4% v 37,3%. BSCL thp nht so vi cc vng khc (ch t 26,6%). Xu hng ny cng din ra i vi 2 nhm c quy m ln.
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So vi nm 2006, s h chn nui g c nc tng nh (0,8%), song xt gia cc nhm h theo quy m u con th xu hng tng ch yu nhm c quy m ln v gim i vi cc nhm h c quy m nh. S h nui c quy m t 100 con tr ln nm 2011 c nc tng 145% so vi nm 2006 v tng u tt c 6 vng. y l nhm h gia nh nui g quy m ln, cn trang tri v trang tri, ch yu theo phng php nui g cng nghip, c hiu qu kinh t kh cao nn pht trin mnh trong nhng nm gn y. c bit, nm 2011 c nc c trn 16,6 nghn h nui g quy m rt ln (trn 1000 con), tng 4,32 ln so vi nm 2006. y l nhm h nui g theo m hnh trang tr i nn tuy ch chim mt t l khim tn (0,21%) trong c cu tng h chn nui g, vic tng nhanh so vi nm 2006 ca nhm h ny l ng ghi nhn. Qui m h chn nui g c th khi qut t kt qu Tng iu tra nm 2011 nh sau: Tng t nh chn nui ln, s lng cc h c nui g tp trung n 73% 2 vng thuc khu vc min Bc v vng BTBDHMT. So vi nm 2006, tri ngc vi xu hng gim mnh ca h chn nui ln, c mt xu hng tng nh trong s h c chn nui g, tp trung nhm cc h c quy m ln; c bit tng mnh nhm cc h c qui m chn nui rt ln (t 1000 con g), tp trung BSH, NB, BSCL v TDMNPB. Cc h chn nui nh l c xu hng gim r nt. y l nhm h nui g theo phng thc th vn, quy m nh, t sn t tiu l chnh, kh nng ly lan dch cm gia cm ln nn xu hng gim dn l hp l. 4. Lao ng NLTS tip tc gim nhanh, c cu lao ng trong khu vc NLTS tip tc chuyn dch theo hng tch cc, trnh chuyn mn k thut ca lao ng NLTS c nng cao nhng vn cn chm V s lng lao ng NLTS. Theo kt qu TT nm 2011, c nc c 20,56 triu lao ng NLTS trong tui lao ng15, chia ra: lao ng NN chim i a s (92,2%), lao ng TS chim 7% v lao ng LN chim hn 0,7%. So vi nm 2006, lao ng NLTS nm 2011 gim 2,37 triu ngi, gim hn 10%, chia ra: NN v TS ln lt gim 10,8% v 7,6%, LN tng 53%. Nu so vi nm 2001, lao ng NLTS nm 2011 gim ti 3,97 triu (-16,2%). y l xu hng tch cc v chuyn dch lao ng nc ta, phn nh kt qu thc hin cng nghip ha, hin i ho NN, NT v chuyn dch c cu kinh t NT ca ng v Nh nc. Nm 2011 c nc c 18,96 triu lao ng NN, gim 2,3 triu ngi (-10,8%) so vi nm 2006; bnh qun mi nm gim 474 nghn lao ng. T l lao ng NN so vi tng s lao ng NLTS t 92,22%, gim khng ng k (0,5%) so vi nm 2006. Di gc vng BSH gim 1,16 triu ngi (-27,3% so vi nm 2006); BTBDHMT gim 660 nghn ngi (-13,6%); BSCL gim 609,8 nghn ngi (-12,3%); NB gim 164 nghn ngi (-12,1%). Lao ng NN tng 2 vng cn li: TDMNPB tng 71 nghn ngi (+1,7%) v TN tng 221 nghn ngi (+13,3%).
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Ngi trong tui lao ng c hiu l: Nam t 15 n 60 tui; n t 15 n 55 tui 50

Bng 8. S lng v c cu lao ng NLTS qua 3 k TT 2001, 2006 v 2011 2001 1. Lao ng NLTS (Nghn ngi) Nng nghip Lm nghip Thy sn 2. C cu lao ng NLTS (%) Nng nghip Lm nghip Thy sn 24 530,1 23 318,8 73,6 1 137,7 100,00 95,06 0,30 4,64 2006 22 928,9 21 263,9 98,1 1566,9 100,00 92,74 0,43 6,83 2011 20 558,3 18 959, 9 150,1 1 448,3 100,00 92,22 0,73 7,05

S lao ng LN nm 2011 c nc l 150,1 nghn ngi, tng 52,1 nghn (+53%) so vi nm 2006, bnh qun hng nm tng gn 10%. Lao ng lm nghip tng 4/6 vng, trong tng nhiu nht l vng BTBDHMT, hn 44 nghn ngi (gp 2,2 ln); TDMNPB 12,3 nghn ngi (+53,8%); TN tng 1,5 nghn ngi (+48,6%); BSCL v NB c lao ng lm nghip gim so 2006 vi tc -33,8% v - 3,8% cho tng vng tng ng. S lao ng TS c nc nm 2011 l 1,45 triu ngi, gim gn 119 nghn (-7,6%). Nh vy, sau nhiu nm lin tc tng nhanh, n thi k 2006-2011, lao ng TS c xu hng gim v gim 4/6 vng, trong nhiu nht l BSCL gim n 91,3 nghn ngi (-9,8%). ng ch l lao ng TS gim nhiu 3 vng sn xut thu sn tp trung (BSCL, BTBDHMT v NB). Nguyn nhn ch yu do nui trng TS, nht l nui c tra, tm s nhng nm gn y gp nhiu kh khn v gi bn sn phm khng n nh v dch bnh pht sinh nhiu dn n tnh trng nhiu n v sn xut b thua l. Xt v c cu ca lao ng trong tui lao ng theo ngnh sn xut chnh trong khu vc NLTS, Hnh 16 th hin xu hng chuyn dch vi mt dng thc khc: lao ng NN gim, lao ng LN v lao ng TS tng qua cc k Tng iu tra trn phm vi c nc cng nh tng vng. Tc tng/gim giai on 2006-2011 km hn so vi giai on 5 nm trc 2 khu vc s dng nhiu lao ng l NN v TS, song khu vc LN th ngc li. Lao ng NN (chim i a s trong tng lao ng NLTS), nu giai on 2001-2006 gim -2,3% th n giai on sau gim rt nh (-0,5%). gc vng, chnh lch ln nht v tc gim ca 2 thi k xy ra BSCL: gim mnh giai on u (-5,8%) v chm hn giai on sau (-0,3%). Trong giai on 2006-2011, tc gim ln nht xy ra 2 vng BTBDHMT v BSH, song cng khng qu 2%. Lao ng LN giai on 2001-2006 tng 0,13%, n giai on sau tng 0,3%, song tng mnh nht l BTBDHMT cng ch hn 1%. Lao ng TS tng gn 2,2% giai on 2001-2006, song ch cn 0,2% giai on 20062011. Chnh lch ln nht trong mc tng c cu ca 2 thi k xy ra 2 vng trng im v
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TS l BTBDHMT (7,2% giai on 2001-2006 xung cn 0,6% giai on 2006-2011) v BSCL (5,8 v 0,4). Mc tng ln nht ca thi k 2006-2011 xy ra BSH song rt nh (khong 1%).

Tm li, trong 5 nm 2006-2011, trong c cu lao ng NLTS vic gim t trng lao ng NN (-0,5%) v tng t trng lao ng LN (0,3%) v lao ng TS (0,2%) l mt tc qu chm, li cha u gia cc vng, lao ng tng nhng t trng lao ng nng nghip vn gim. Xu hng chuyn dch lao ng t NN sang LN v TS din ra chm v khng u do nhiu yu t khng thun li tc ng trong nhng nm gn y nh: quy hoch sn xut, s dng t ai, mt nc, rng, tp qun v kinh nghim sn xut ca lao ng NN, vn u t cho trng v nui rng, th trng v gi c, nht l th trng, gi c, tiu chun an ton thc phm th gii v thu sn,... cha theo kp yu cu ca sn xut hng ho trong bi cnh hi nhp kinh t th gii.

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V trnh chuyn mn ca lao ng NLTS. Nhn chung, trnh chuyn mn k thut ca lao ng NLTS nm 2011 c nng ln so vi nm 2006. S ngi trong tui lao ng c kh nng lao ng c trnh chuyn mn k thut t s cp tr ln nm 2011 chim t l 2,95% (nm 2006 l 2,48%). Vng c t l cao nht v t l lao ng c o to tay ngh t s cp tr ln l NB t 5,25%. Thp nht l BSCL ch t mc 1,71%. T l lao ng c trnh trung cp l 1,23% (nm 2006 l 0,89%); trnh i hc t 0,21% (nm 2006 l 0,11%). Tuy t c nhng kt qu v tin b so vi cc nm trc nhng trnh chuyn mn ca lao ng NLTS vn cn thp so vi yu cu sn xut hng ho trong c ch th trng, ng thi li c s chnh lch ln gia cc vng, cc a phng. Kh nng chuyn i ngnh ngh t NN sang CN v dch v cn chm v khng u gia cc vng, cc a phng, nht l vng min ni, vng su, vng dn tc thiu s. Lao ng NN d tha nhiu nhng t lao ng chuyn i sang LN, TS cng nh CNXD v dch v phi NN. Cc khu CN thiu rt nhiu lao ng k thut v cng nhn lnh ngh nhng khng th thu ht c s lng ng o lao ng d tha khu vc NN. Lao ng NN d tha ch yu l lao ng ph thng: Nm 2011 c n 97% lao ng NLTS cha c o to tay ngh, cha c chng ch chuyn mn l bng chng c th cho thc trng i ng lao ng NLTS hin nay. 5. Kinh t trang tri tip tc pht trin v ngy cng ng vai tr quan trng trong sn xut nng, LN v thu sn (Ngy 13 thng 4 nm 2011, B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn ban hnh Thng t s 27/2011/TT-BNNPTNT quy nh v tiu ch v th tc cp giy chng nhn kinh t trang tri16. Theo tiu ch mi ny, s lng trang tri nc ta gim mnh t 146 nghn trang tri vo nm 2010 xung cn hn 20 nghn trang tri vo thi im 01/7/2012. Do , Bo co ny khng so snh cc ch tiu thng k v trang tri gia 2 k TT 2006 v 2011). Loi hnh sn xut trang tri a dng gp phn tch cc vo qu trnh chuyn i c cu sn xut NN, LN v thu sn. Ti thi im 01/7/2011, c nc c 20.028 trang tri theo tiu ch trang tri mi. Cc vng c nhiu trang tri l BSCL (6267 trang tri); NB (5387 trang tri) v TN (2528 trang tri). Tnh chung c 3 vng ny c 14.182 trang tri, chim trn 70% s trang tri c nc. y l 3 vng c c nhiu t ai, mt nc thun li m rng quy m trng trt, chn nui v nui trng thu sn, trong , BSCL chim hn 31% s trang tri c nc, ch yu l trang tri trng la nc. Cc vng cn li c s trang tri rt t (gn 30%). Chia theo loi hnh sn xut ca trang tri: Trang tri trng trt nhiu nht c 8665 trang tri, chim 43,3% trang tri c nc; trang tri chn nui c 6348 trang tri (31,7%); trang tri nui trng thu sn c 4522 trang tri (22,6%)...
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C nhn, h gia nh sn xut NN, LN, nui trng TS t tiu chun kinh t trang tri phi tha mn iu kin sau: 1. i vi c s trng trt, nui trng TS, sn xut tng hp phi t: a) C din tch trn mc hn in, ti thiu: - 3,1 ha i vi vng NB v BSCL; - 2,1 ha i vi cc tnh cn li. b) Gi tr sn lng hng ha t 700 triu ng/nm. 2. i vi c s chn nui phi t gi tr sn lng hng ha t 1 t ng/nm tr ln; 3. i vi c s sn xut LN phi c din tch ti thiu 31 ha v gi tr sn lng hng ha bnh qun t 500 triu ng/nm tr ln. 53

Cc trang tri s dng t ai vi s lng ln, to cng n vic lm cho nhiu lao ng, to ra nhiu sn phm v sn phm hng ho NLTS. n thi im 01/7/2011, cc trang tri ang s dng 154,9 nghn ha din tch t, mt nc nui trng thu sn, trong c 36,6 nghn ha t trng cy hng nm; 77,1 nghn ha t trng cy lu nm; 8,9 nghn ha t LN v 32,2 nghn ha mt nc nui trng thu sn. Vng c nhiu din tch t do trang tri s dng l NB vi 60,6 nghn ha. Cc trang tri s dng gn 95 nghn lao ng song s cha qua o to chim n 73,9%; s cn li c trnh nh sau: o to nhng khng c chng ch hc ngh 12,5%; o to c trnh s cp ngh 7,3%; trung cp ngh, trung cp chuyn nghip 3,4%; cao ng ngh gn 0,4%; cao ng gn 0,6% v i hc ch c gn 2%. V kt qu sn xut, nm 2011, cc trang tri to ra gn 39,1 nghn t ng gi tr thu t NLTS, chia ra: T NN hn 31,2 nghn t ng (chim gn 80%); t thu sn gn 7,8 nghn t ng (19,9%); t LN 125 t ng (0,3%). Gi tr sn phm v dch v nng, LN v thu sn bn ra t gn 38,2 nghn t ng, chim 97,6% tng gi tr thu t NLTS to ra trong nm. Quy m t ai, lao ng v doanh thu ca trang tri nm 2011 ph thuc vo loi hnh trang tri v iu kin c th ca vng, tng a phng. t NLTS bnh qun 1 trang tri l 7,7 ha, trong nhiu nht l vng NB t 11,2 ha; thp nht l BSH 3,5 ha. Quy m lao ng bnh qun 1 trang tri NN chung c nc l 4,8 ngi, trong cao nht l NB 5,9 ngi cn 5 vng cn li u xp x vi mc bnh qun chung. Khi phn theo loi hnh trang tri, quy m lao ng c khc nhau: Bnh qun s lao ng 1 trang tri trng trt l 5,3 ngi; trang tri TS l 4,3 ngi; trang tri chn nui l 4,2 ngi. Quy m v gi tr thu t NLTS trong 12 thng qua bnh qun 1 trang tri l 1952 triu ng, trong BSH l 2547 triu ng; TDMNPB l 2889 triu ng; BTBDHMT l 1607 triu ng; TN l 1314 triu ng; NB l 2398 triu ng v BSCL 1499 triu ng. Kinh t trang tri ni chung t hiu qu kinh t cao hn h gia nh. Thu nhp v hiu qu ca trang tri. Ch tiu ny ph thuc v loi hnh v quy m ca trang tri. i vi trang tri trng trt, gi tr thu t cc hot ng NLTS bnh qun 1 trang tri nm 2010 l 1263 triu ng. Nu tnh bnh qun trn 1 ha t trng trt, gi tr thu t NLTS ca trang tri trng trt nm 2010 c nc l 103,5 triu ng. Vng c thu nhp cao nht l l BSH t 318,5 triu ng; TN t 124 triu ng; TDMNPB t 185 triu ng; BSCL t 89,7 triu ng; NB t 102 triu ng; BTBDHMT 105 triu ng. Nu tnh ring gi tr thu t trng trt, bnh qun 1 ha t trng trt chung c nc l 100 triu ng. BSH t 260 triu ng; TDMNPB t 173 triu ng; TN t 124 triu ng. Nu so vi h th hiu qu s dng t trng trt v nui trng thy sn ca trang tri cao hn hn th hin qua mc thu trn 1 ha. Chung c nc, so vi h, cc trang tri trng trt cao hn n 38,5% gi tr thu t 1 ha t trng trt; cc trang tri nui trng thy sn thu cao hn 88% thu t 1ha nui trng thy sn.
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Bn cnh nhng kt qu t c, n nay trang tri vn cn nhiu kh khn. Kt qu iu tra cho thy gn 17% s trang tri thiu t sn xut; hn 1/2 trang tri thiu kin thc khoa hc k thut; hn 60% trang tri thiu vn, khong 30% trang tri thiu thng tin v th trng tiu th sn phm; 15% trang tri thiu ging; gn 1/3 trang tri thiu dch v h tr sn xut; hn 1/5 trang tri thiu lao ng; 22,4% trang tri kh tiu th sn phm. Trang tri vng BSCL hiu qu thp hn kinh t h l vn cn quan tm nghin cu v tm gii php pht huy li th ca vng. Nguyn vng ca cc trang tri l 20% mun c cp giy quyn s dng t; 31,1% mun h tr dch v ging, cy, con; 36,1% mun h tr tiu th sn phm; 31,2% mun h tr o to kin thc qun l; 63,4% mun h tr li sut ngn hng v 55% cn c h tr khoa hc k thut sn xut v s ch sn phm. 6. Doanh nghip nng LN v thu sn tip tc ng vai tr trong pht trin sn xut ca khu vc NN song nhn chung vn l doanh nghip quy m nh v va (TT NTNN 2011 khng bao hm doanh nghip NLTS. Do , c bc tranh ton cnh v lnh vc NLTS ca c nc, bo co ny c s dng kt qu iu tra doanh nghip hng nm, c bit l nm 2011, do Tng cc Thng k thc hin b sung thng tin v cc DN NLTS) Ti thi im 31/12/2010 c nc c 2536 DN NLTS, tng 400 n v (+18,7%) so vi nm 2006. Xt v cc loi hnh DN, trong tng s DN NLTS c nc c 170 DN nh nc, gim 347 n v (-67,1%) do thc hin ch trng c phn ha, sp xp, i mi, pht trin v nng cao hiu qu DN nh nc, chuyn mt s DN sang cng ty TNHH nh nc. Cng ty TNHH nh nc c 186 n v, tng 166 n v (9,3 ln). DN t nhn c 1027 n v, gim 126 n v (-10,9%) so nm 2006. Doanh nghip FDI 100% vn nc ngoi c 89 DN, tng 19 DN (27%)... Theo 3 ngnh sn xut chnh: DN NN c 955 n v, DN LN c 434 n v v DN TS c 1147 n v.

Phn b cc DN NLTS theo vng kinh t qua 2 nm 2006 v 2011 c th hin ti Hnh 17. Vng BSCL c chim t trng rt ln v s DN NLTS song c mt xu hng gim r rt
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(nm 2006 chim khong 50%, nm 2011 ch cn khong 37%), trong khi cc vng khc u tng nh, trong ln nht l NB tng gn 5%, cn thp nht l BSH ch tng 0,8% so vi nm 2006. V sn xut kinh doanh. Nm 2010 cc DN NLTS c tng vn ti sn trn 92,1 nghn t ng, tng gp hn 2 ln nm 2006. Tng ngun vn cui nm 2010 t 92,1 nghn t ng, trong n phi tr l 32,3 nghn t ng, bng 35% tng ngun vn hin c, tng 41,5% so nm 2006. Do vy, vn sn xut kinh doanh bnh qun 1 DN NLTS n cui nm 2010 cng ch t 36,3 t ng, trong n phi tr l 12,7 t ng. Bnh qun 1 lao ng trong DN NLTS c 380 triu ng vn cng cc ngun, trong DN NN c 397 triu ng, DN LN c 509 triu ng v DN TS c 239 triu ng vn cng cc ngun. S vn ny l rt thp so vi yu cu u t chiu su tng nng sut, gim chi ph, tng cht lng sn phm, nht l trong lnh vc ch yu l ch bin nng lm sn TS xut khu. V lao ng, vic lm. Theo kt qu iu tra, n ngy 31/12/2010, cc DN NLTS s dng 240,2 nghn ngi, gim 20,6 nghn lao ng (-7,9%) so vi 1/7/200617. (Nm 2006 gim 28 nghn lao ng (-9,7%) so vi nm 2001). Bnh qun 1 DN s dng 95 lao ng, gim 27 ngi so vi nm 2006. V t ai s dng. Theo kt qu iu tra, n ngy 31/12/2010, cc DN NLTS s dng 2.309 nghn ha t, chia ra: Gn 77 nghn ha t trng cy hng nm (chim 3,3%); 376 nghn ha t trng cy lu nm (16,3%); 1.835 nghn ha t LN (79,5%); gn 21 nghn ha t nui trng TS (0,9%). Din tch t s dng chia theo 3 loi hnh DN nh sau: DN NN s dng 518,1 nghn ha (chim 22,4%); DN LN s dng 1763,6 nghn ha (76,4%); DN TS s dng 27,3 nghn ha (1,2%). Din tch t s dng bnh qun 1 DN v bnh qun 1 lao ng nm 2010 phn theo tng loi hnh DN nh sau: - DN NN: Bnh qun 1 DN l 53 ha t cy hng nm (gim 32,8% so vi nm 2005); 358 ha cy lu nm (-41,5%); 125 ha t LN (+36,6%); 6,5 ha t nui trng thu sn (-64,3%). Quy m din tch t 1 DN NN nh trn l ln (542,5 ha); bnh qun 1 lao ng trong cc DN NN s dng 2,7 ha, trong t trng cy hng nm l 0,3 ha; cy lu nm l 1,8 ha, t LN l 0,6 ha; t nui trng TS l 0,03 ha. - DN LN: Bnh qun 1 lao ng trong cc DN LN s dng 117,3 ha, trong : t trng cy hng nm l 1,4 ha; cy lu nm l 2,2 ha; t LN l 113,5 ha; t nui trng TS l 0,1 ha. - DN TS: Bnh qun 1 lao ng trong cc DN TS s dng 0,7 ha, trong : t trng cy hng nm l 0,14 ha; t LN l 0,25 ha; t nui trng TS l 0,35 ha. iu c bit l kt qu TT cho thy so vi nm 2005, din tch t s dng bnh qun 1 DN NN tng 36,6% t LN, gim 64,3% t nui trng TS, gim 32,8% t trng cy hng nm.
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Nm 2006, Kt qu iu tra DN do Tng cc Thng k cng b ti thi im 1/7/2006 56

Hot ng sn xut kinh doanh. Tng hp kt qu kinh doanh ca cc DN NLTS nm 2010 cho thy bnh qun doanh thu ca 1 DN NLTS l 19,5 t ng (gp 2 ln so vi nm 2005), trong : DN NN t 37,9 t ng (+ 49,6%); DN LN 5,2 t ng (-9,6%); DN TS t 9,5 t ng (+ 4 ln). Bnh qun 1 lao ng ca cc DN NLTS t 205 triu ng (tng 167% so vi nm 2005), trong : DN NN t 192 triu ng (+ 154%); DN LN t 150 triu ng (+130%); DN TS t cao nht gn 300 triu ng (+208%). DN LN va t thp nht li c tc tng chm nht. Nguyn nhn ch yu gm: t chc v qun l ca cc DN LN nhng nm qua cn nhiu bt cp, nht l cc lm trng v cc cng ty LN do a phng qun l; t LN, k c t rng bnh qun 1 lao ng LN cn qu ln, vt kh nng qun l v bo v ca cn b, cng nhn LN; vn u t cho trng rng v cc hot ng duy tu, ti sinh rng, bo v rng cn hn ch; hot ng kim lm cn nhiu bt cp... Li nhun trc thu bnh qun 1 DN NLTS l 3 t ng, tng gp hn 2 ln so vi nm 2005. Ring DN NN t 9 t ng (tng 65,3%); DN LN 347,9 triu ng (+115%); DN TS t 644 triu ng (+3 ln). Bnh qun 1 lao ng DN NLTS t 39,6 triu ng (tng 185% so vi nm 2005), trong : DN NN t 45,7 tri u ng (+181%); DN LN 10 tri u ng (+5 ln): DN TS t 20,3 triu ng (+146%). Nh vy bnh qun 1 lao ng DN LN nm 2010 ch to ra 10 triu ng li nhun trc thu, bng 22% DN NN, bng 50% DN TS d c t c tng cao nht. Kt qu sn xut kinh doanh ca cc DN NLTS nm 2010 tuy t kh so vi nm 2005, thu nhp ca lao ng trong cc DN c ci thin ng k song thu nhp bnh qun ca lao ng cn chnh lch ln gia cc loi hnh DN, gia cc vng v gia 3 ngnh sn xut ch yu, trong thp nht l lao ng trong DN LN, k n l DN TS. Tm li, trong nhng nm qua cc DN NLTS tip tc gp phn y nhanh tc pht trin ca cc ngnh v ca c nn kinh t; to thm hng ho dch v; to thm nhiu vic lm tng thu nhp v nng cao i sng cho ngi lao ng; to ngun thu quan trng cho ngn sch nh nc. Pht trin tt cc DN NLTS khng nhng gp phn to ln vo s pht trin KT-XH NT m cn to s n nh chnh tr, x hi trong nc. Tuy nhin, nhn chung cc DN NLTS ch yu l va v nh. mt nc m phn ln lao ng lm trong lnh vc NLTS nh Vit Nam th DN NLTS l tc nhn v ng lc thc y s nghip chuyn i c cu kinh t theo hng CNH, HH. Do , DN NLTS cn c cc cp, cc ngnh quan tm to iu kin v c ch chnh sch, tip cn vn, mi trng cnh tranh lnh mnh, xc tin u t m rng th trng, DN NLTS pht trin mnh hn. 7. Cc hp tc x nng, LN v thu sn gim v s lng song tip tc ng vai tr quan trng trong cung cp cc dch v phc v pht trin sn xut, cng c quan h kinh t NT (TT NTNN 2011 khng bao hm hp tc x NLTS. Do , c bc tranh ton cnh v lnh vc NLTS ca c nc, bo co ny c s dng kt qu iu tra doanh nghip hng nm,
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c bit l nm 2011, do Tng cc Thng k thc hin b sung thng tin v cc HTX NLTS). Ti thi im 31/12/2010, c nc c 6302 HTX NLTS, Trong tng s cc HTX NLTS ang hot ng c 6072 HTX NN (chim 96,3%); 197 HTX TS (3,2%) v 33 HTX LN (0,5%). S HTX nm 2011 gim 935 (-12,9%) so vi nm 2006 v gim 1211 (-16%) so nm 2001. Cc t l ny khng thay i so vi chu k 2001-2006 nhng xu hng chung l gim v s lng c 3 ngnh. Cc HTX thnh lp mi c 1388 n v, chim 1/5, s cn li chuyn i t cc HTX c. Hnh 18 m t phn b ca HTX theo vng. Nhn chung, BSH c s lng HTX chim t trng ln c 2 nm v c xu hng tng song khng ng k (nm 2006 chim gn 48% v nm 2011 chim gn 50%). BTBDHMT ng th hai v u xoay quanh 31,6%. Cc vng cn li u thp di 10% c nm 2006 v 2011, trong TN v NB u chim di 2% tng s HTX NLTS c nc v gim nh t 2006 qua 2011.

Mc d s HTX gim i so vi nm 2006, kinh t hp tc trong khu vc NLTS nc ta nhng nm qua cng c nhng du hiu tch cc trong qun l, s dng t ai, lao ng, vn, t chc sn xut, cung ng dch v, kt qu v hiu qu sn xut kinh doanh trn mt s lnh vc. V t ai, n 31/12/2010, cc HTX NLTS qun l v s dng 228,2 nghn ha t cy hng nm; 17,38 nghn ha t trng cy lu nm; 55,3 nghn ha t LN v 47,6 nghn ha t nui trng thu sn. Bnh qun 1 HTX NLTS s dng 36,2 ha t cy hng nm, 2,8 ha t trng cy lu nm, 8,8 ha t LN v 7,6 ha t nui trng thu sn. Phn theo loi hnh HTX, quy m s dng t nh sau: Cc HTX NN qun l v s dng 227,3 nghn ha t cy hng nm, 15,5 nghn ha t trng cy lu nm, 49,8 nghn ha t LN v 24 nghn ha t nui trng thu sn. Bnh qun 1 HTX NN s dng 37,4 ha t cy hng nm; 2,6 ha t trng cy lu nm; 8,2 ha t LN; 4,0 ha t nui trng thu sn.

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Cc HTX LN qun l v s dng 824 ha t cy hng nm, 785 ha t trng cy lu nm, 5283 ha t LN. Bnh qun 1 HTX s dng 25 ha t cy hng nm; 23,8 ha t trng cy lu nm; 160 ha t LN. Cc HTX TS qun l v s dng 137 nghn ha t cy hng nm; 1078 nghn ha t trng cy lu nm; 243 nghn ha t LN; 23,6 nghn ha t nui trng thu sn. Bnh qun 1 HTX TS s dng 0,7 ha t cy hng nm; 5,5 ha t trng cy lu nm; 1,2 ha t LN; 120 ha t nui trng thu sn. V lao ng. Cc HTX NLTS s dng 136,1 nghn lao ng thng xuyn (tng 7,8% so vi nm 2006), trong c 128 nghn (chim 94,1%) l x vin v 8,1 nghn (5,9%) l lao ng thu ngoi. Quy m lao ng thng xuyn bnh qun mt HTX l 21,6 ngi, tng 24,1% so vi nm 2006, trong x vin l 20,3 ngi, tng 24,5%. C 5/6 vng c lao ng thng xuyn bnh qun 1 HTX tng so vi nm 2006, ch BSH gim t 21,6 ngi vo nm 2006 xung cn 21 ngi vo nm 2011. Vng c tc tng cao nht l TN t 14,5 ngi 2006 ln 33,3 ngi nm 2011, tng 130%. V vn. Vn bnh qun 1 lao ng trong HTX NLTS nm 2010 t 59,8 triu ng (tng 13,9% so nm 2005), trong HTX NN t 62,2 triu ng (+21,6%); HTX LN 53,8 triu ng (+21%); HTX TS 58,6 triu ng (-37%). Kt qu sn xut kinh doanh ca HTX NLTS 2010 c tng so vi nm 2005 nhng vn cn thp. Chung c nc, cc HTX c doanh thu bnh qun 1 lao ng t 38,3 triu ng (tng 33,4% so vi nm 2005) trong HTX NN t 35,4 triu ng (+27,8%): HTX LN t 71 triu ng (+291%) v HTX TS t 81,2 triu ng (+42%). Li nhun trc thu bnh qun 1 lao ng NLTS t 3,7 triu ng (tng 31% so nm 2005), trong : HTX NN t 2,5 triu ng (+7,4%) HTX LN t 2,8, triu ng (-30%) v HTX TS t 23,2 triu ng (+58,6%). Cc kt qu trn y cho thy s chuyn bin v sn xut kinh doanh ca cc HTX NLTS n 2010 tuy c tng so vi nm 2005 nhng vn cn chm v khng u, khng vng, nht l HTX LN. Nu loi tr yu t trt gi18 th cc ch tiu v kt qu sn xut v li nhun nm 2010 gim so vi nm 2005. Tm li, sau 5 nm 2005-2010, hot ng ca cc HTX NLTS c nhng chuyn bin trn mt s mt. Cc HTX lm c mt s khu dch v c bn phc v sn xut NLTS. Hot ng kinh doanh ca nhiu HTX NN l va bo m nguyn tc thu b chi li va to nn tng phc v sn xut, kinh t h v s pht trin chung ca cng ng. Tuy nhin, HTX NLTS cn khng t kh khn, bt cp: S HTX gim so vi nm 2005, cha tng xng vi yu cu pht trin sn xut. Vai tr HTX dch v cho kinh t h cn m nht. HTX t chc hot ng dch v nhng phn ln cc dch v cha hiu qu do t l h nng dn s dng cn thp. Quy m HTX cn qu nh, vn bnh qun c tng nhng cn rt thp v thiu; my mc, phng tin sn xut ca HTX t v s lng, km v cht lng; doanh thu v li nhun ca
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Ch s gi tiu dng nm 2010 so vi nm 2005 l 164,32% 59

cc HTX NLTS cng nh cc HTX dch v chuyn ngnh cn rt thp. Thu nhp bnh qun 1 lao ng HTX NLTS 1 thng nm 2010 ch t 293 nghn ng, trong HTX NN t 201 nghn ng, HTX LN t 231 nghn ng v HTX TS t 1799 nghn ng. Do HTX cha thu ht c s quan tm ca cc h gia nh nng dn, ng dn, nht l cc vng pha pha Nam nh TN, NB, BSCL. Cc cp, cc ngnh cn c nhng chnh sch v gii php ng b h tr kinh t hp tc NLTS pht trin, hon thnh tt vai tr cung cp dch v cho kinh t h; ng vai tr tch cc trong vic chuyn dch c cu kinh t cy trng, vt nui, xo i gim ngho, xy dng NTM; gp sc xy dng kt cu h tng; gp phn cng c quan h kinh t NT, to vic lm tng thu nhp cho x vin. KT LUN Kt qu TT NT NN v thu sn nm 2011 cng vi ngun s liu v t ai ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng, iu tra doanh nghip nm 2011 v Nin gim Thng k hng nm ca Tng cc Thng k cung cp mt bc tranh tng qut v thc trng v xu hng pht trin NT, NN nc ta trong 5 nm qua c nhng chuyn bin tch cc v kh ton din, th hin trn cc im ch yu sau: Th nht, kt cu h tng KT-XH NT c u t xy dng mi v nng cp c v chiu rng v chiu su. Din mo 4 yu t c bn ca kt cu h tng NT nh: in, ng, trng, trm trn a bn cc x c nhiu khi sc. Cc iu kin h tr, bo m cho sn xut kinh doanh ca trang tri, h gia nh NT, nht l h nng dn, lng ngh, c Nh nc quan tm u t cao hn trc. H tng CNTT ti tr s ca nhiu UBND x tng cng mt bc, phc v tt hn cho yu cu ci cch hnh chnh NT. Th hai, i ng cn b ch cht cp x c o to v chuyn mn nghip v, c trnh vn ho v tr ho l mt trong nhng yu t quan trng p ng tt hn yu cu lnh o v qun l nh nc trn a bn x. Th ba, chuyn dch c cu kinh t v lao ng NT c nhiu tin b v c bn l ng hng. H thng c s vt cht k thut phc v sn xut v lu thng ch bin nng sn, lm sn v thu sn tip tc c Nh nc u t xy dng mi v nng cp. i sng vt cht v tinh thn ca nhn dn NT ngy cng c ci thin. T l h ngho gim nhanh v tng i bn vng c quc t nh gi cao. Th t, xu hng pht trin ca sn xut NLTS nm 2011 so vi cc nm trc c nhiu chuyn bin tch cc. C cu ngnh ngh v lao ng trong ni b ngnh c bc chuyn dch theo hng tch cc. T trng h NN gim dn, h LN v h TS tng dn, c bit t trng h TS tng nhanh. Xu hng chuyn dch v quy m t ai, lao ng ca h NLTS c du hiu chuyn dch theo hng sn xut hng ho, c bit l vng BSCL v NB. Tc tng trng gi tr sn xut v gi tr tng thm ca khu vc NLTS bnh qun thi 2006-2011 tng kh. Sn lng lng thc nm 2011 vt xa mc tiu ca K hoch pht trin KT-XH 5 nm

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2006-2010 v Chin lc pht trin KT-XH 10 nm 2001- 2010. Gi tr sn phm trng trt v nui trng thu sn trn 1 ha t trng trt v nui trng thu sn tng nhanh... Tuy cha phi l tt c song bc tranh tng qut v thc trng v xu hng pht trin KTXH khu vc NT v NLTS nc ta t 2006-2011 c nhiu im sng, l thnh tu to ln rt c bn trong vic t chc thc hin Ngh quyt Trung ng 5 (kha IX) v y nhanh cng nghip ho, hin i ho NN, NT thi k 2001-2010, Ngh quyt i hi X ca ng, Ngh quyt Hi ngh Ban chp hnh Trung ng ng ln th 7 kho X v NN, nng dn v NT, Chng trnh Quc gia v xy dng NTM. Nguyn nhn ca nhng kt qu v tin b trn y c nhiu. Trc ht l s quan tm ca ng v Nh nc thng quan vic ban hnh cc ng li, chnh sch pht trin KT-XH nng nghip, nng thn nh nu trn. S lnh o, ch o ca cc cp, cc ngnh trong vic thc hin cc Ngh quyt ca ng v chnh sch php lut ca Nh nc v NN, NT ng b v hiu qu hn cc thi k trc. S tham gia tch cc ca ngi dn NT vo qu trnh trin khai cc chng trnh, d n ca Nh nc. S h tr ca cc t chc Quc t v cc DN trong nc thng qua cc Chng trnh, d n v h tr pht trin kinh t, x hi, mi trng NT. Bn cnh nhng thnh tu t c, kt qu TT NTNN 2011 cng cho thy thc trng vn cn nhiu hn ch v bt cp. Kt cu h tng NT, nht l giao thng, thu li, c s y t, h thng trng hc NT... cha p ng c yu cu CNH, HH nng nghip v nng thn nhiu a bn cp x trn phm vi c nc. Mt s ch tiu quan trng v x hi v mi trng NT khng t c mc tiu ca K hoch pht trin KT-XH 5 nm 2001-2005 v Chin lc pht trin KT-XH 10 nm 2001-2010 v c khong cch kh xa so vi cc mc tiu ca Chng trnh xy dng NTM v kt cu h tng, v vn ho, gio dc, y t v chuyn dch c cu kinh t v lao ng NT. n 01/7/2011 cha c x no t c y b tiu ch NTM. T l lao ng qua o to chuyn mn k thut cn qu thp. Thu nhp v i sng dn c NT mt s vng, c bit l vng su, vng xa, vng dn tc t ngi, vn cn thp v cha n nh. Mi trng sinh thi NT vn cn nhim nhng chm c ci thin. Sn xut NLTS vn cn nhiu hn ch, bt cp. C cu kinh t v lao ng chuyn dch chm v khng u gia cc vng, cc a phng. TS pht nhanh nhng cha vng v nhng nm gn y c xu hng chm li, trong s lng v lao ng trong DN TS gim. LN vn l ngnh chim t trng b nhng chuyn dch rt chm, k c vng trng im LN nh TN. Quy m t ai v lao ng bnh qun 1 h NLTS cn qu nh cha p ng dc yu cu sn xut NLTS hng ho ln, gn vi ch bin v xut khu. Trnh lao ng NLTS cha c o to cn chim t trng ln. Lao ng tha, vic lm thiu v thu nhp ca lao ng trong khu vc quan trng ny cn thp. T trng LN trong c cu gi tr sn xut v gi tr tng thm vn cn qu nh so vi tim nng t ai, rng v kh hu ca cc vng. Tc tng trng gi tr sn xut, gi tr tng thm ca thu sn tuy tng nhanh nhng c xu hng chm li. Hn ch v bt cp tuy cn nhiu, song l nhng kh khn trong qu trnh pht trin v chuyn i t nn NN (ngha rng) t sn xut nh, phn tn, ly tng nng sut, sn lng lm
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mc tiu sang nn NN bn vng, ly tng hiu qu KT-XH lm mc tiu. Tuy nhin, l nhng kh khn tm thi, khng c bn trong qu trnh pht trin, kh trnh khi i vi mt nc trnh NT c im xut pht thp, kt cu h tng cha ng b ang chuyn mnh sang giai on y mnh CNH, HH nng nghip, nng thn v hi nhp kinh t th gii./.

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