TNH HN CA THP

Cc nhn t nh hng n tnh hn : 1) nh hng ca Carbon : Carbon l nguyn t hp kim chnh ca hu ht cc lai thp . Tng hm lng carbon s lm tng tnh bin cng ca vt liu khi b tc ng nhit . Khi xt n tnh hn chng ta xt n kh nng gim thiu cc nguy c xut hin cc vt nt do bin cng vng nh hng nhit . (HAZ : Heat Affected Zone) . Xc nh hm lng Carbon tng ng ca thp hp kim : Khi xc nh tnh hn thp hp kim , chng ta phi xt nh hng ca cc nguyn t hp kim c trong thp n tnh hn . Hm lng Carbon tng ng l ch s th hin cc nh hng ca cc nguyn t hp kim n tnh hn vi gi nh l cc nguyn t hp kim s tc ng tng t nh tc ng ca s gia tng hm lng carbon trong thp. Cng thc tnh CE nh sau

2) nh hng ca kt cu v b dy mi ghp : B dy tng ng (CJT) l ch s tnh n s gia tng b dy do kt cu mi ghp . Chng ta bit rng b dy thp s nh hng n qu trnh phn tn nhit hn , c ngha l nh hng n tc ngui . Ni cch khc nh hng n tnh hn ca kt cu . Cng thc tnh CJT nh sau :

3) nh hng ca nng lng hn : Cc thng s hn cng gy ra cc tc ng n cht lng hn , ngha l chng c cc nh hng nht nh n tnh hn ca thp v kt cu . Cng thc tnh nng lng hn nh sau :

Trong Q = Nng lng hn cho mt n vi chiu di ( Kilojoules / millimet, KJ/mm) E = in p h quang (volts) I = Cng hn (Amperes) V = Tc hn (mm/min)

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Qui trnh tng qut xc nh tnh hn v yu cu nung s b 1. Xc nh CE t cc thng tin bit c v thnh phn hp kim ca mc thp s c hn. Tham kho bng Table 1 ng vi tr s CE tnh tan bit ch s tnh hn cn tham kho Carbon tng ng CE (CE)Tham kho Di 0.30 =0.30 < 0.35 0.35 < 0.40 0.40 < 0.45 0.45 < 0.50 0.50 < 0.55 Tnh hn Ch s 1 2 3 4 5 6 Carbon tng ng CE (CE)Tham kho 0.55 < 0.60 0.60 < 0.65 0.65 < 0.70 0.70 < 0.75 0.75 < 0.80 > 0.80 Tnh hn Ch s 7 8 9 10 11 12

Table 1 Cc ch s trn 12 (vd. 12A, 12B, 12C & 13) khng c lin quan n CE. 2. Dng s Diagram 1 xc nh b dy tng ng (CJT) ng vi kt cu hn c th

3. Dng hnh Figure 1, xc nh tc ng ca kt cu n ch s tnh hn

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4. C c ch s hn v da vo nng lng hn tnh tan tham chiu ln Figure 2* hoc 3* xc nh xem c cn nung s b hay khng v nu nung s b th s nung vi nhit bao nhiu *Note: Figure 2 khi que hn / phng php hn p ng iu kin gim hp thu hydro; Figure 3. dng i vi cc lai que / phng php hn khng ch n vic kim sat nng hydro s b mi hn hp thu.

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Nung s b c th ci thin tnh hn ca thp : 1. Khi hn thp carbon cao , hp kim , nung s b lm chm tc ngui ca mi hn v do ngn chn vic hnh thnh cc cu trc luyn kim bt li cho c tnh thp vng nh hng nhit 2. Nung s b lm gim chnh lch nhit cc khu vc xung quanh vng hn , do lm gim ng sut nhit tc ng ln mi hn . 3. Nhit nung s b cn xc nh theo yu cu hnh Figure 2 hoc 3 . Nung qu cao gy ra lng ph v bin dng kt cu , nung qu thp s khng ci thin c tnh hn nh mong mun . Ngai ra cn phi ch n vic gi nhit gia cc lp hn bo m tnh hn c ci thin trit . 4. Nung s b gip cho qu trnh that khi hydro khi vng hn c tng cng , kt qu l nguy c nt hydro c ci thin ng k . G t v hn nh c vai tr quan trng cho vic ci thin cht lng hn : Cc khuyt tt hn rt thng gp c nguyn nhn l s non km tay ngh hoc quy trnh hn khng c tun th . Cc khuyt tt bao gm : Thiu chy , chng mp Thiu ngu Nt khi ng rn Bt kh Ngm x Cc khuyt tt trn hu ht l do qu trnh chun b mi hn qu cu th . Mt khc , cc gim st hn v th hn i khi xem nh tc ng ca nguyn cng g t v hn nh . Kt qu l qu trnh hn khng c thc hin sun s , v trong nhiu trng hp dn n cht lng hn qu km . Mi hn c chun b tt phi bo m : Gc hn tht k hp l tit din tng lp hn c t l hp l gia chiu cao v b rng ; to thun li cho qu trnh that kh v chng nt khi ng rn mi hn. Mp hn c ty sch hn ch bt kh , ngm x Cc mi hn nh phi c thc hin vi cng lai que p , cng phng php v qui trnh hn . Cc mi hn nh phi chc chn v phn b hp l c th chu ng c s co rt , bin dng do nhit sinh ra khi hn .

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Ghi ch v cc nhm vt liu v ch s tnh hn Ch s Hng dn Tnh hn tt c th hn vi nhm que AWS A5.1: E60XX or 70XX. Hoc hn MIG/MAG 1&2

vi dy ER70S-6 hoc hn dy thuc (FCAW) ER70T khng cn cc bin php c bit hoc nung s b Thp nhm ny c tnh hn rt xu do c hm lng lu hynh cao v c cha ch , xu th 2A* nt nng nghim trng. Khi nht thit phi hn c th dng que basic E7016 hoc cc que hn austenite c hm lng Mangan cao Tnh hn tt nh nhm 1 & 2. hn GMAW hoc FCAW c s dng khi cc iu kin cng 3&4 ngh cho php . Vi b dy tng ng 50mm, tt nht nn s dng que hn hoc cc phng php gim hydro v c ch nung s b tha ng 3A* & 4A* Cc que hn nhm ny i hi phi c ph chun khi hn kt cu tu. Nhm ny c th hn vi cc que hn tng ng tiu chun c / New zealand AS/NZS1553.1: E41XX-2 or E48XX-2 . C th dng phng php GMAW vi dy ER70-S6. C th dng phng php hn dy thuc Nhm thp hp kim thp c bn trung bnh hoc cao, Chn que hn c bn tng ng , 5&6 thnh phn ha hc tng ng . Tt nht nn chn nhm thuc basic (gim hydro) hoc dy hn c cp bn tng ng . Nn nung s b khi c yu cu Nhm ny cn lu tnh chu n mn do thi tit , chn que hn c cha ng hoc Nickel. 5A* Khi mu sc khu vc mi hn khng l ch tiu k thut c th hn nh nhm 5 Ging nh nhm 5 & 6. Dng que hn hoc cc qui trnh gim hydro vi lu l hm lng 7, 8 & 9 carbon tng ng kh cao , nn kh nng bin cng vng nh hng nhit rt mnh . Mi hn phi bo m c c tnh tt hn kim lai hn . Cn tun th nghim nht qui trnh nung s b , gi nhit gia cc lp hn v lm ngui chm sau khi hn . Nhm hn ch xu th nt hydro , que hn phi c sy v bo qun theo hng dn ca nh cung cp . Nhm thp Chrom-Molybden v Molybden ny phi hn vi nhm E80XX-B2 , hoc dy 7B* hn Autocraft Mn-Mo / CrMo1 khi p dng GMAW. Phi bo m cc yu cu ny bo tan bn ro v chng n mn nhit ha cho khu vc hn . Phi s dng cc qui trnh hn gim hydro kt hp vi qui trnh nung , gi nhit tha ng . Lm ngui chm hoc x l nhit sau khi hn. *Ch thch Cc k t bA , B & C cho bit l cn c cc ch c bit ngai ch s CE v s hin din ca lu hynh (S), hoc ch ( Pb) hoc cc nguyn t hp kim nm ngai cng thc tnh CE Dng cc qui trnh gim hydro vi cc ch bo m thnh phn hp kim v bn khi 10 & 11 chn kim lai p . Que / Dy hn cn sy / bo qun theo hng dn hn ch xu th nt hydro . Gi nhit nung s b tha ng , lm ngui chm hoc x l nhit sau khi hn . Nh nhm 2A. Dng que gim hydro c sy cn thn 11A Dng qui trnh hn gim hydro.Ty ng dng c th s dng kim lai p c bn thp 12 hoc cao hn kim lai hn. Nhm thp ny d bin cng cn tun th cht ch qui trnh nung s b , gi nhit , kim sat tc ngui v x l nhit ngay sau khi hn . Thp hp kim l xo: dng que v qui trnh gim hydro hn , nhm Exx16 thch hp nht . 12A* Cn sy que k . Nhit nung s b cao 250-300C v gi nhit gia cc lp hn vi nhit khng i. Sau khi hn lm ngui chm chi tit trong vi hoc cch nhit . Hn khi que hn c sy nng v c nhit 150 - 200 Nhm thp Chrom-Molybden ny phi hn vi que E90XX B3 hoc dy hn Autocraft 12B* CrMo2 khi hn MIG/MAG. bo m tnh chng ro v chng n mn nhit ha . S dng cc qui trnh gim hydro vi cc ch v nung s b , gi nhit v lm ngui cng nh x l nhit sau khi hn Nhm thp dng c c ti , tnh hn rt xu . Hn ch hn khi c th . Khi cn hn 12C* sa cha tm thi nn dng cc que hn c hm lng nickel cao nh Ferrocraft 18-Ni(E Ni-CI ) hoc dy thuc Supre-Cor 5 sau khi chi tit. Nung nng , gi nhit v lm ngui chm . Sau khi hn phi x l nhit . Cn tham kho hng dn ca nh cung cp thp khi hn

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