PRIMARY HEALTH CARE

Perlie Cabatingan

HEALTH
State of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity (WHO, 1995) Goal of Public Health Modern concept: OLOF of individuals, families and communities

Factors affecting health:

Political factors politics have power and authority to regulate the environment or social climate Behavioral factors lifestyle, healthcare and child-rearing practices determined by culture and heritage Hereditary factors understanding of genetically- influenced diseases and genetic risks

Health care delivery system PHC is a partnership approach to the efective provision of essential health services that are community-based, accessible, acceptable, sustainable, affordable Environmental influences the menace of pollution, communicable diseases due to poor sanitation, poor garbage collection, smoking, utilization of pesticides Socio-economic influences families in lower income group are the ones mostly served

Primary healthcare

Essential health care based on practical, scientifically sound and socially acceptable methods and technology made universally accessible to individuals and families in the community through their full participation and at a cost that the community and country can afford to maintain at every stage of their development in the spirit of self-reliance and self-determination

Alma Ata Declaration

September 6-12, 1978 = PHC was declared during the First International Conference on PHC held in Alma Ata, USSR sponsored by WHO and UNICEF October 19, 1979 = PHC was recognized in Philippines through Letter of Instruction 949, signed by Pres. Ferdinand Marcos with the GOAL HEALTH IN THE HANDS OF THE PEOPLE BY YEAR 2020

LEGAL BASIS of PHC

1.UNIVERSAL DECLARATION of Human Rights, ART 25 = everyone has the right to a standard of living and well-being 2. PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION OF 1987, ART XIII, SEC 11 = the State shall adopt an integrated and comprehensive approach to health development which shall endeavor to make essential goods, health and other social services available to all the people at affordable cost

4 DIMENSIONS OF PHC
1. 2.

3.

FOCUS from illness and cure to health, prevention and care CONTENT from treatment and episode care of specific problems to health promotion and continuous and comprehensive care ORGANIZATION from specialists, physicians, and single-handed practice to generalist practitioners, other healthcare professionals and teams

4. RESPONSIBILITY from health sector alone, professional- dominated with passive reception to intersectoral collaboration with active community participation and self-responsibility

FUNDAMENTAL SERVICES OF PHC

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Adequate and safe supply of water and basic sanitation Control of communicable diseases Immunization Education and prevailing health problems and prevention of illness Maternal and child health and family planning care Adequate food and proper nutrition

Contn.
7. Provision of medical care and emergency treatment 8. Treatment of locally endemic disease 9. Provision of essential drugs and herbal medicines

3 MAJOR ASPECTS OF PHC ELEMENTS

1.
-

PROMOTIVE ASPECT Education Promotion of food supply and proper nutrition Adequate supply of safe water and basic sanitation

2. PREVENTIVE ASPECT - family planning - Immunization 3. CURATIVE ASPECT - Appropriate treatment of common diseases and injuries - Provision of essential drugs

Four Cornerstones/ Pillars in PHC

1.
2. 3. 4.

Support Mechanism made available equity Active Community Participation Intra- and Inter- sectoral Linkages Use of Appropriate Technology

CHARACTERISTICS OF PHC ESSENTIAL SERVICES

1.
2. 3. 4. 5.

Community- based Accessible Acceptable Sustainable Affordable

Philippine Healthcare Delivery System

PUBLIC HEALTH the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, promoting health and efficiency through the following 1. Organized community effort for environmental sanitation 2. Control of communicable diseases 3. The education of individuals in personal hygiene

Contn.
4. The organization of medical services 5. Development of the social machinery to ensure everyone a standard of living adequate for the maintenance of health for everyone

DOH ( DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH)

The leader of health for all in the Philippines VISION: Health for all Filipinos MISSION: guarantee equitable, sustainable and quality health for all Filipinos, especially the poor, and to lead the quest for excellence in health

LEVELS OF HEALTHCARE FACILITIES

1.

2.
3.

PRIMARY LEVEL - RHUs, sub-centers, community hospitals, specialty clinics, health centers SECONDARY LEVEL Provincial and Regional hospitals TERTIARY LEVEL - highly technological and sophisticated hospitals, specialty national hospitals and medical centers

Village or grassroots healthcare workers BHWs, volunteers, or traditional birth attendants or hilots Simple curative and preventive healthcare measures 2. Intermediate-level health workers - Doctors, nurses, midwives First source of professional healthcare 3. First-line hospital personnel - Specialty doctors, nurses, dentists, pharmacists
1.

HEALTHCARE WORKERS AT THE PRIMARY LEVEL

TWO-WAY REFERRAL SYSTEM

POPULATION