E , . -.

, 2013

............................................................................................................................. 2
1.1. ................................................................................................. 3
1.2. ......................................................................................
2. EFEKTI SER................................................................................................................. 4
1.1
2.1. CO2.................................................................
2.1.1. ................................... 5
2.1.1.1. / K.........................................................................
2.1.1.2. ...............................................................................................
2.1.1.3. ..................................................................................................
1.2
2.2. ()...............................................................................
1.3
2.3. ................................................... 6
2.3.1. .........................................................................................
2.3.2. ...............................................................................................
2.3.3. ..............................................................................
2.3.3. ..............................................................................
3. - .................................................................... 7
3.1. ?................................................................................. 7
3.2. (a)? .....................................................
3.3. ................................................................................... 8
3.3.1. ............................................................................. 9
3.3.2. ................................................................. 10
3.3.2.1. ...............................................................
3.3.2.1.1. ..............................................................................
3.3.2.1.2. K..............................................................................................
3.3.2.1.3. ................................................ 12
3.4. ................................................................... 13
3.5. ......................................... 14
4. ..........................................................
4.1. ........................................................................
4.2. A / M ....................................................... 15
4.3. Xicui - Beijing, P.R. China....................................
4.4. ............................................................ 16
4.5. ( )...................................... 17
4.6. - .................................................. 19
5.
................................................................................................................................ 20
5.1. ........................................................................
5.2. ....................................................................... 20
5.3. ................................................................................................
6. :............................................................................................................ 21
Literatura........................................................................................................................... 22
1.

:
1
Alan Kay
-
.
.
:
, .
.

.

. :
(, dhe );

( , , t, ,
etj.).

. 100
().
.
,
.

. ,
.

.
.
, , , ,..
,,
.
.
1970, ,
.
,
,

.

1. http://www.ted.com/speakers/alan_kay.html
2

1.4

.
2 C - ,

. ,
, .
, .
.
.
10 000 ,
. 1850 , ,
0,76 C. ,
1,8-4,0 C 6.4 C,
.
- 2 C.
2020
1990 , 2050 .
1.5

,
.
, " "
.
- 18 C.
, ,

. "
" ,
.
,
.
. - ,
, , -
. .
,
, , ''
, .
, ,

,
. ,

.
3

,
( , ),
, CIMENTI,
, . ,
.
2

.1 .
25 C
- 15 C, .
,
,
. (2)
, .

Fig 1; E , (
)

2.1 CO2

(26%),
(19%) (17%).
14% 13%
.2
Graf. 1

1 2007 .
2 , 2006 .

2.1.1

2.1.1.1 / K
.
, , ,
.


: , , ,
, .
38,8%
2004 ,
.

21,2%

17,5%

. . 2
2.1.1.2.

, , ,
, . 33,25%
2004 .
2.1.1.3.

, , , , . 2004 ,
, 27,8%.
97
, .
2.2 ()
. , ,
, , .
, ,
, .
- ()
, ,
80% .
,

,
.

Secondary Energy Infobook / 11 / 2007 THE NEED PROJECT

3.1
2.3.1

,
.

.
2

,
.
. 1

2.3.2

. 3

, ,
.2
35.000
2003 .3

2.3.3

,
, . ,

. (7.700.000 ),
3.000 4.000
.4
80%
1850 .

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

2.3.4
,
2050,2

.
Fig. 6

1
Teknikat bashkkohore t ndrtimit n arkitektur Hamdin Maksuti /kapitlli 3.2.3
2,3 Pew Charitable Trusts, 2008.
4 Ambienti Zvicra 2009, Zyra Zvicerane (Federale) pr Ambientin.

-
.

3.1 ?

,
,
,
.
,

.

.

.
(), , (), (),
().
3.2 (a)?



,

.
(, ),
, .

, .

.
, ,
- . ,
, ,
.
1. " .." , ,
"".
2. " ." , ,
, , ,
.
7

3.3

, . ,
.
,
. ,
, , ,
. .
,
86 000 TW 15 TW .
,
:
- ()
-

.

Fig 7;
, (m2/ 2) 1,2
1.
2.

Building integrated photovoltaics - Simon Roberts & Nicolo Guariento / fq 41

http://energetski-kuki.blogspot.com/
8

3.3.1

[kwh/ (m2 ditw)]

:
.
.
,
.
, ,
,
.
1970 .

. ,
, .
160 C .

.
, , .
, , , ,
, .
,
50-75 .
,
.

Fig. 8
,

1.

. 2

insolate. (
) 6 / (m 2 / )
() 1,3 kWh / (m 2 / ).
3,57 kWh / (m 2 / ) 0,1

Building integrated photovoltaics - Simon Roberts & Nicolo Guariento / . 41

Fig. 9

.

2 m, 1100-1200 kWh
110-120 . ,
,
. , ,
,
.
:
,
ISO / EN.
. 2m, 120
2-4 .
. 2m,
120 2-4 .
3.3.2

" " , . ,
.
PV .

10

3.3.2.1

off- , ,
. ,
, ,
.
1990-
. , PV
.
3.3.2.2.1

,
,

..
,

. Fig. 10
.
Mojave
1
,
, " "
350.000 .
. ,
, . ,
"" . .
,
.
3.3.2.2.2

,
.
1800 .
"heliostats" 1 .

,
. . 11 .
1
.
" ".
.
1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plants_in_the_Mojave_Deser t
11

3.3.2.2.3

. 13

PV

AC
.
/
:


,

.

.
3.4
,

PV .
,

.

Fig. 13
1.kolektori PV; 2. kombinimi i qelizave PV/
kuti bashkimi; 3. lidhja me rrjetin dhe
anasjelltas; 4.importimi/eksportimi-njehsori;
5. lidhja e rrjetit 6. ngarkesa

.

.

(14).

, , ,
PV .

1.

http://infrascapedesign.wordpress.com/2011/06/29/solar-farm-design-moving-beyond/

12

, ,
.
PV ,

. .
insolate


, .
1278 kWh/m2
100% 35
2 .
(
.)
15,1
. 15 45 .
. 15,1

. 15
, 1

, 90%
45 . 75%
, 55%
.
.
,
,
,
45 --.

, a ,

trasparent
.
Fig. 16

1.

Building integrated photovoltaics - Simon Roberts & Nicolo Guariento / 40

13

3.5.

,
.
,
, .

18-22kWh 7300kwh.

kWh 6.3den1 46000den . 12
Fig. 17
, 7
4kWh 1460kwh Rritja e mimit te energjise
9200den .
4.

4.1

. 3

Fig. 19

Fig. 20

1.

. 4

PV
interguar

. 5

http://www.vecer.com.mk/%5C?ItemID=FB44B778EC60A54786CAE73484028A17

14

A / M

4.2

" " 28-

1962 ,
40 .
: ,
-. CWS Tait Burnet
.

Det. 6


.
Fig. 21
Kulla e shoqris s sigurimeve-Angli

4. Xicui - Beijing, P.R. Kin

LED

PV

PV

Det. 6

PV
LED
"Xicui".
Fig. 22
kompleksi i muziks Xicui.

"Xicui" - ,
2008 .
2005 . 2006
60 33
Giostra, .
, .
15

4.4

Det. 7

Det. 8.

:
: , : Rellingen,
: 2,73 kWh / (m )
: : 179 m
: 18 kWp
: 10.800 /
: 1970 * 1430
:
: -
, : 10 m,
: 4160
: BRT
K: 2001

16

4.5

( )

Det. 11

:
: , : ,
: 4,12 kWh / (m
)
: : 426 m
: 46 kWp
: 40.000 /
: 1220 * 939-2664 *
1895mm
:
:
: -
, : 10 m,
: 4550 m
: Metier3
: 200
Fig. 24 / Fakulteti ekonomk dhe tregtis

17

Popeu Fabra
: , : Mataro,
: 4,31 kWh /
(m )
: : 255 m
: 20 kWp
: 20.000 /
: 1100 * 2150
:
: ASE, TFM (Teulades
Facanes)
: -
, : 11 m, 3
: 4550 m
: Miquel BRULLE Tenas,
Facanes Teulades Multifuncionals
: 1996
. 25 / Mataro - Spanj

K Universiteti Jubileun
: , : ,
: 2,65 kWh / (m )
: : 450 m
: 53 kWp
: 51,240 /
. : 1497 * 1170
: monocrystalline
:
: -
, : 10 m 3
: 1600
:
: 1999

(. 27). PV
88 ,
.
PV 53 kWp 51 MWh.
PV
.
, PV , , .
PV ,
..

18

- 1

4.6

: , : ,

: ,
.
:
: -
: 2011

Fig.27
univesitar "",

28 / Masdar,
ABU DHABI,

1.

http://www.clubeconomy.com.mk/detali_en.aspx?id=957

19

5.
5.1
1.
,
.
.
.
2.
,
, , .

, . , ,
.
3.
,
.
. , ,
.
5.2
1.

.
,
.
2.
.

, .
3.
,
. ,
.
,
.
5.3
" "
, .
- ,
, .
, ,
20

. , ,
, .

. :

.
, .

. 90%.
,
, .
Fig.29

Fig.30

.

6. :
, , ,

. , ,
. , , ,

, ( ),
( ) (
). , (
).

21

LITERATURA:
1. ENERGY ALTERNATIVES Gabriel Cruden / 2005
2. Building integrated photovoltaics - Simon Roberts & Nicolo Guariento / 2009
3. Secondary Energy Infobook The Need Project / 2007
4. Photovoltaics and Architecture - Randall Thomas, Max Fordham & Partners / 2001
5. Understanding Reneable Energy Systems - Volker Quaschning / 2005
6. Alternative Energy Systems in Building Design - PETER GEVORKIAN / 2010
7. The Green Studio Handbook - Alison G.Kok, alter T. Grondzik / 2007
8. Reneable Energy - Science Education Manual
9. Traite d-architecture et durbanisme bioclimatiques Alain Liebard, Andre De Herde
10. Teknikat bashkkohore t ndrtimit n arkitektur Hamdin Maksuti
11. Ndrtimet Arkitektonike III Hamdin Maksuti

Nga Interneti:
1. http://www.builditsolar.com/Projects/PV/pv.htm
2. http://analyticamk.org/files/ReportNo20.pdf
3. http://www.energyquest.ca.gov/story/chapter15.html
4. http://www.alternate-energy-sources.com/what-is-solar-energy.html
5. http://www.scribd.com/doc/118940733/Solar-Energy-System-Design
6. http://www.alternative-energy-news.info/technology/solar-power/
7. http://iaeks.eu/sq/energjia-alternative/energjia-solare.html
8. http://www.scienceonline.co.uk/energy/renewable-energy.html#solar
9. http://www.darvill.clara.net/altenerg/solar.htm
10. http://www.kidcyber.com.au/topics/solar.htm
11. http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energy.cfm?page=solar_home-basicsk.cfm#ParabolicTroughs
12. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_energy
13. http://www.cleanenergycouncil.org.au/cec/technologies/solarpv.html
14. http://ec.europa.eu/energy/renewables/solar_electricity/solar_electricity_en.htm
15. http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Photovoltaics&oldid=155190493
16. http://www.windsolarenergy.org/Solar-wind-power-just-one-appliance.htm
17. http://www.solarpowerwindenergy.org/2010/05/15/advantages-and-disadvantages-ofusing-solar-panels/
18. http://www.partytow.com/e/?p=1531

22