Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Cac Buoc Giai Bai Tap Ung Dung Pho Nghien Cuu Cautruc Phan Tu
Cac Buoc Giai Bai Tap Ung Dung Pho Nghien Cuu Cautruc Phan Tu
BC 1. Tnh KHNG BO HA (degree of unsaturation - DU) t trong cng thc tng qut xem trong phn t c bao nhiu vng, bao nhiu lin kt i. Gi s ta c 1 cng thc l CnHmXi - Nu X l Halogens th coi n l H => CnHm+i - Nu X l O, S th b => CnHm - Nu X l N th tr i H tng ng => CnHm-i DU= n - m/2 + 1 NU: DU = 1 c th c 1 lin kt i hoc vng DU = 2 c th c 2 lin kt i, 2 vng, 1 lin kt ba hoc 1 lin kt i + 1 vng DU = 3 c th c 3 lin kt i, 3 vng, 1 lin kt i + 2 vng, 2 lin kt i + 1 vng, 1 lin kt ba + 1 lin kt i hoc 1 lin kt ba + 1 vng DU = 4 ngh ngay ti vng benzen DU = 5 c th l vng benzen + 1 lin kt i hoc vng benzen + 1 vng DU = 6 c th l vng benzen + 2 lin kt i hoc 2 vng hoc 1 lin kt ba hoc 1 lin kt i + 1 vng.BC 2. Nhn vo ph IR ti vng s sng ln hn 1500cm-1 Kt hp cc d kin c t cng thc tng qut, DU v ph IR: nu Nu c 1 lin kt i v nguyn t O c th ngh ti nhm carbonyl Nu khng c lin kt i m li c O th c th ngh ti ether hoc ru
BC 3. S dng ph NMR xc nh cc lin kt trong phn t T cc nhm chc xc nh t B2, vit cu trc phn t v da vo ph NMR nh gi xem cng thc hp l cha. BC 4. Kim tra s O, C, H, Hal, ... xem ph hp vi cng thc tng qut cha. Kim tra ha tr cc nguyn t xem ph hp cha Nu cha ng, vit cu trc phn t khc v kim tra li dch chuyn ha hc (chemical shift) ca Hydrogen ph NMR 0,9ppm: RCH3 1 aliphatic 1,3ppm: R2CH2 2 aliphatic 1,5ppm: R3CH 3 aliphatic 2 - 2,7 ppm: nhm ti v tr ny lin kt vi nhm carbonyl 3,7 - 4,1 ppm: nhm ti v tr ny lin kt vi nhm oxygen 9 - 10 ppm: nhm aldehyde 2,2 - 3 ppm: H ca nhm gn vo Aromatic 10 - 13,2 ppm: acid 0,5 - 3 ppm: amin aliphatic 3 - 5 ppm: amin Aromatic 4 - 4,4ppm: H ca nhn gn vi NO2 4 - 12ppm: H ca ru Nu nh ph 1H-NMR cho cc tn hiu ca cc loi H th 13C-NMR cho cc tn hiu ca cc loi C v th vi cc cht hu c kt hp 2 ph ny c th xc nh c cu trc ca hu ht cc cht. Bng tm tt dch chuyn ha hc trong ph 13C-NMR
Mt s v d c th: