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01. BI TON LP PHNG TRNH MT PHNG P1

Thy ng Vit Hng
DNG 1. MT PHNG XC NH C VC T PHP TUYN
Phng php gii:



(P) i qua im M ( x0 ; y0 ; z0 ) v c vc t php tuyn n = ( A; B; C ) th c phng trnh c vit dng

( P ) : A ( x x0 ) + B ( y y0 ) + C ( z z0 ) = 0.



(P) c vc t php tuyn n = ( A; B; C ) th c phng trnh tng qut ( P ) : Ax + By + Cz + D = 0.






(P) i qua ba im phn bit A, B, C th c vc t php tuyn n = AB; AC




(P) i qua im A v song song vi (Q) th ta chn cho nP = nQ




nP n





(P) i qua im A v vung gc vi hai mt phng phn bit (), () th 


nP = n ; n
nP n






nP a






(P) i qua im A v song song vi hai vc t a; b th 


nP = a; b
nP b



nP AB





(P) i qua im A, B v vung gc vi () th 


nP = AB; n
nP n

V d 1. Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) i qua im A(1; 2; 1) v song song vi hai ng thng d1 v d2 bit
d1 :

x 1 y 3 z
x 1 y 5 z
=
= , d2 :
=
= .
2
1
4
3
1
2

/s: (P): 6x + 8y 5z 27 = 0.
V d 2. Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) i qua im M(2; 3; 1) v vung gc vi hai mt phng
(P1): 2x + y + 2z 10 = 0 v (P2): 3x + 2y + z + 8 = 0

/s: (P): 3x 4y z + 19 = 0
V d 3. Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) i qua im M(2; 1 ; 4), (P) // (d) v (P) (Q)
bit d :

x 2 y +1 z 3
=
=
,
1
1
2

( Q ) : 2 x 3 y z + 5 = 0.

/s: (P): x + y z + 3 = 0
V d 4. Vit phng trnh (P) i qua M(4; 3; 5) v cha ng thng d :

x 1 y 3 z 2
=
=
.
2
1
3

/s: (P): x + y z 2 = 0
V d 5. Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) cha ng thng d v vung gc vi (Q) bit rng
d:

x 1 y 2 z
=
= ,
2
1
3

( Q ) : x + 2 y + z 5 = 0.

/s: (P): 5x y 3z 3 = 0
V d 6. Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) cha ng thng (d) v // vi () bit

d:

x 2 y 3 z
x 1 y z 2
=
=
, :
= =
.
1
2
3
3
5
1

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/s: (P): 17x 8y 11z 10 = 0.

Thy ng Vit Hng

DNG 2. MT PHNG CHA HAI NG THNG

Phng php gii:





Nu hai ng thng d1 v d2 ct nhau ti I th (P) c mt vtpt l nP = ud 1 ; ud 2





Nu hai ng thng d1 v d2 song song vi nhau th (P) c mt vtpt l nP = ud 1 ; M 1M 2
x = 1 + mt
x 2 y z +1
V d 1. Cho hai ng thng d1 : y = m + t ; d 2 :
=
=
1
1
2
z = t
a) Tm m d1 v d2 ct nhau.
(/s: m = 2; m = 1)
b) Vi m tm c vit phng trnh mt phng cha hai ng thng cho.

x = 2 + (2m + 1)t
x +1 y 2 z + 2
V d 2. Cho hai ng thng d1 : y = m t
; d2 :
=
=
1
4
1
z = 2t
a) Tm m d1 v d2 ct nhau.
(/s: m = 1)
b) Vi m tm c vit phng trnh mt phng cha hai ng thng cho.
x 1 y +1 z
x 3 y z +1
=
= ; d2 :
= =
1
1
2
1
2
1
a) Chng minh rng d1 v d2 ct nhau.
b) Tnh khong cch t im M(1; 1; 2) n d1 v d2.
c) Tnh gc gia d1 v d2
d) Lp (P) cha d1 v d2
/s: (P): 3x y + 5z 4 = 0.
x 1 y +1 z 5
x 4 y 1 z 3
V d 4. Cho hai ng thng d1 :
=
=
, d2 :
=
=
.
2
3
1
6
9
3
a) Chng minh rng d1 song song vi d2.
b) Tnh khong cch gia d1 v d2.
c) Lp (P) cha d1 v d2.
x = 3 t
x 1 y 1 z
V d 5. Cho hai ng thng d1 :
=
= , d 2 : y = 2t .
2
1
1
z = 1 + t
a) Chng minh rng d1 v d2 ct nhau.
b) Tm giao im ca d1 v d2.
c) Lp (P) cha d1 v d2.
x = 1 t
x 1 y + 3 z 2

V d 6. Cho hai ng thng 1 :

=
=
v 2 y = 2 + 2t v hai mt phng
2
1
3
z = 2t

(): 2x 3y + z 5 = 0, (): x + 2y + 6z 5 = 0.
a) Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) cha 1 v (P) vung gc vi ().
b) Vit phng trnh mt phng (Q) cha 2 v (Q) vung gc vi ().
x = 2 + 3t
x 3 y 4 z +1

V d 7. Cho hai ng thng 1 : y = 1 4t , 2 :

=
=
.
2
3
1
z =t

a) Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) cha 1 v song song vi 2.

b) Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) cha 2 v song song vi 1.
x = 1 + 2t
x 2 y 1 z 1

V d 8. Cho hai ng thng d1, d2 c phng trnh d1 :

=
=
, d2 : y = t + 2 .
1
2
1
z = 1 + 3t

a) Chng minh rng hai ng thng ct nhau. Xc nh to giao im ca chng.

b) Vit phng trnh tng qut ca mt phng (P) cha d1 v d2 .

V d 3. Cho hai ng thng d1 :

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