Tutorial #1

Question#1:
Consider the CSTR shown below.

A cooling coil is used to maintain the reaction mixture at the desired operating temperature by removing the heat released in the exothermic reaction. Consider a simple liquid phase, irreversible chemical reaction takes place in the CSTR, to maintain the desired molar concentration of the product;

The reaction temperature should be controlled assuming uniform temperature of the coolant Tc and negligible heat of mixing. a) Show all the possible control strategies that can be used for the above objective stating all the variables for your control system. b) Develop an unsteady-state model that can be used to find CA and T. c) Calculate degree of freedom NF. Take any assumptions that simplify the model.

Solution: Feedback control

Feed forward control

Combination:

2 parameters: V, 8 variables: V, T, CA , CAi , Ti , Fi , Tc 2 Outputs: CA, T 5 Inputs: F, Fi ,CAi ,Ti ,Tc Disturbances: F, CAi ,Ti ,Fi Manipulated variables: Tc ,Fi Assumptions: 1. The CSTR is perfectly mixed 2. The liquid volume is constant. 3. Mass densities are constant. Model: Rate of reaction:

( Total mass balance: ( )

Component mass balance: ( ) ( ) ( )

Rate of heat transfer from reactor to coolant: ( Energy balance: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) )

Equations: 5 NF = 8 5 = 3