79205378 ΓΚΙΛΗΣ ΟΔΥΣΣΕΑΣ Σέρραι Ανθολόγηση κειμένων διαχρονική

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A COMPANION TO ANCIENT MACEDONIA. Edited by Joseph Roisman and Ian Worthington.

A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication This edition first published 2010. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. If
the destination of newly minted coin is unclear its scale is not in doubt. It has been
estimated that, over an 18-year period, the Amphipolis mint produced 13,000,000
silver tetradrachms.102 (Hammond and Walbank, History of Macedonia 3, pp. 912.
Whether Alexander intendedto establish an empire-wide coinage is disputed: yes,
according to Bosworth, Conquest and Empire, pp. 2445, but no according to Martin,
Sovereignty and Coinage, pp. 12230.)Maynard Keynes in his Treatise on Money
pondered on how far the dispersal by Alexander of the bank reserves of Persia []
was responsible for the outburst of economic progress in the Mediterranean basin, of
which Carthage attempted and Rome ultimately succeeded to reap the fruits.103 But
Keynes says nothing about possible mechanisms whereby all this wealth found its
way back to the West. Hammond Hammond, History of
Macedonia 1, pp. 41516, 439, Hammond, Macedonian State, p. 54, Hammond and
Griffith, History of Macedonia 2, p. 28; cf. also Hatzopoulos, Macedonian Institutions
1, pp. 105, 479.
2
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Philip II, tetradrachm, Amphipolis mint, 14.29 g, 24 mm, 7 h, about 355349/48 BC, Berlin 18201161
Alexander III, tetradrachm, Amphipolis mint, 17.04 g, 25 mm, 4 h, about 330 BC, Berlin 18204190
Macedonian first meris, tetradrachm, Amphipolis mint, 16.67 g, 31 mm, 12 h, about 158150 BC, Berlin 18204055
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Splash Latino - Livio - Ab Urbe Condita - Liber Xlv 4.
ww.latin.it/autore/livio/ab_urbe_condita/!45!liber_xlv/04.lat. .............................. 391
LIBER DE EXCELLEN TIBVS DVCIBVS EXTERARVM GENTIVM
PROLOGVS... ........................................................................................................... 393
DE CENTVM METRIS CLARISSIMO ALBINO SERVIVS GRAMMATICVS. .. 394
PVNICA LIBER PRIMVS ........................................................................................ 395
DE CHOROGRAPHIA}. {Liber primus} Orbis situm dicere... ............................... 398
Cousinery .Voyage dans la Macedoine. Sur L Histoire, la geographie.
Esprit Marie Cousinery, Tome premier. Langlume. Imprime par autorisation du roi
du 28 Septembere 1828. Paris. MDCCCXXXI. ........................................................ 401
The American Red Cross. Commision to Greece. Relief work in Eastern Macedonia.
Athens 1919. .............................................................................................................. 406
. ............................................... 410
................................................................................................................... 439
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7
THE CAMBRIDGE ANCIENT HISTORY. SECOND EDITION. VOLUME V. The Fifth Century
B.C. Edited by D. M. LEWIS F.B.A. Professor of Ancient History in tht University of Oxford.
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS. First published 1992 Fifth printing 2006.
. 129. . The name Brea seems to be Celtic for a settlement. The colony was mentioned in
literature (Steph. Byz. s.v.; Cratinus F 426 KA), but, beyond the fact that it was in the Thracian area,
its situation is uncertain. Letter-forms place the text in the 440s, and it may have been the settlement
among the Bisaltai mentioned by Plutarch and abandoned after the foundation of Amphipolis; ML
pp. 1 j2f; Meiggs 1972 (E 53) 158-9; but see Asheri 1969 (E 2).
8
A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication This edition first published 2010. 2010 Blackwell
Publishing Ltd. The Derrones are now identified as a Paeonian tribe in the area of the river Axios16
and so are the most westerly of the tribes discussed here; they are distinguished from the others through
their preference for the bull motif and by their large currency unit. The Ichnaii on the upper Axios play
a less significant role but also depict either bulls led by a man or a man leading a horse. The latter motif
appears also among the Tynteni who are to be located in the same area. The Bisaltae were settled west
of the Strymon while the Edones and Orescii were east of it in the basin of the Pangaion mountains;
the Pangaion mines were the source of the Oresciis coin-metal.17 Among the Bisaltae the image
often appears of a man with two spears, often thought to be Ares leading a horse. On smaller
denominations he in fact appears in armour.
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Hammond, History of Macedonia 1, pp. 41516, 439, Hammond, Macedonian State,

p. 54, Hammond and Griffith, History of Macedonia 2, p. 28; cf. also Hatzopoulos,
Macedonian Institutions 1, pp. 105, 479.
25

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A geographical and historical description of ancient Greece: ..., 1. John Anthony

Cramer. Oxford MDCCCXXVIII. Droi. Amphipolis. The Droi and Deraei are noticed by Thucydides
loc. cit. Herodotus calls the latter Dersaei. The Sinti, who were a more considerable people than those
here enumerated, appear to have occupied a district on the banks of the Strymon, and north of the
Siropaeones. Thucydides says they were Thracians, (II. 101.) and Strabo affirms that they once
occupied the island of Lemnos, thus identifying them with the Sinties of Homer, II. A. 593.
13
Cramer. Oxford MDCCCXXVIII. We hear in Thucydides and Herodotus of several obscure tribes of
Paeonian and Thracian origin, which are to be placed near the Strymon, but without any strict attention
to accuracy of position. The Paeoplae, (Herod. VII. 112.) north of Pangaeum, and next to the
Doberes". The Panaei, (Thuc. II. 101.) whom Steph. Byz. calls Edonians, and places not far from
14
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15
A COMPANION TO ANCIENT MACEDONIA. Edited by Joseph Roisman and Ian Worthington. A
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication This edition first published 2010. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Role
of the King. The sociopolitical structure of the Macedonian kingdom was quite different from the polis
model common in much of the Greek world. While the religious personnel of poleis were usually
selected from the populace and did not typically play a major role in the governance of the community,
in Macedonia the king was not only the head of the army and of the state, but also the chief priest of the
kingdom. Likewise, there is evidence that in individual Macedonian cities such as Amphipolis and
Cassandreia the chief priest of the tutelary deity was simultaneously the nominal head of state (IG 10 2,
1028, Syll3 332, 380). A distinctive trait of Macedonian religion is, therefore, the investment of
religious power in political authorities, especially the king. Macedonian kings served as the chief
intermediaries between the Macedonian people and the gods and between the Macedonian people and
religious centers in the Greek homeland.
16
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499-494 . .

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19
A COMPANION TO ANCIENT MACEDONIA. Edited by Joseph Roisman and Ian Worthington. A
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication This edition first published 2010. 2010 Blackwell Publishing
Ltd. For wider evidence of pastoral strategies on the landscape, see A. Gerassimidis, Palynological
Evidence for Human Influence on the Vegetation of Mountain Regions in Northern Greece: The Case
of Lilaias, Serres, in P. Halstead and C. Frederick (eds.), Landscape and Land Use in Postglacial
Greece (Sheffield 2000), pp. 2837.
20
Cramer. Oxford MDCCCXXVIII. There are yet a few other towns ascribed to the Edoni
and Odomanti by ancient writers; Drabescus, where the Athenian colonists of

Amphipolis were defeated by the Edoni. (Thuc. IV. 102. Strab. Epit. VII. p. 331.
Steph. Byz. v..) In the Table Itinerary it is marked twelve miles northwest of Philippi,
a situation which corresponds with that of Drama. Gazorus is ascribed by Stephanus
Byz. to Mace- Gazoms. donia, but Ptolemy attributes it to the Edoni. (p. 83.) In the
Table, the name is corruptly written Graelo;
21
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. 2.98
22
A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication This edition first published 2010. 2010 Blackwell
Publishing Ltd. Theodoric Amal was involved in three campaigns in Illyricum, although their
chronology is problematic. Apparently during the first campaign in 471, led by Theodorics father
Thiudimer, the Goths advanced only as far south as Naissus. In 479 Theodoric, not satisfied with the
generous offers made to him by Zeno, attacked Stobi, Thessaloniki and Heraclea, among other cities in
Macedonia, before marching west into Epirus nova. Back again in 482, Theodoric continued to pillage
the provinces of Macedonia and Thessalia, until Zeno in 488 persuaded him to march on Italy and
28
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establish a kingdom at Ravenna. Unsuccessful at Thessaloniki, the Ostrogothic forces traveled west
along the Via Egnatia to Heraclea. When they arrived and established camp and while Theodoric
was waiting for new offers from the emperor, the bishop sent them a great variety of gifts, thus keeping
the countryside unplundered for the time being. When the king gave up on further negotiations with the
emperor and decided to head for Epirus nova, he demanded provision of wheat and wine for the
journey from the people of Heraclea. The citizens, who had taken refuge in a small fortress, refused,
and the Goths burned most of the deserted city.41
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CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS. First published 1992 Fifth printing 2006. . 13-14. A vital
clue comes from elsewhere in Thucydides' work. In iv. 102.2-3 it is asserted that the first attempt to
settle the site of Amphipolis was made by Aristagoras of Miletus (cf. CAH iv2. 48 5-6), that the
Athenians came thirty-two years later and met with disaster at Drabescus- ,
" " . "
".- (cf. 1.100.3 and p. 46 below), but came again in the 27th year under Hagnon and finally
founded Amphipolis (see p. 145 below). In what terms these time-intervals came to Thucydides we
cannot know. Fortunately, we have a date for Hagnon's foundation, 437/6, twice transmitted, once
apparently from an Atthis (Schol. Aeschin. 11.31), once from Diodorus' chronological source
(xn.3250). The disaster at Drabescus consequently belongs about 465/4,51 with uncertainty about the
correlation between the archon-year for Amphipolis and whatever form of year Thucydides is using,
and this should also give us an approximate date for the neighbouring events, the revolt of Thasos (p.
44 below) and the beginning of the Helot Revolt (pp. 1089 below).
30
115
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Amphipolis 320 BC Stadion Olympics
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30
Koukouli-Chrysanthaki Ch., "Excavating Classical Amphipoli", In (eds) Stamatopoulou M., and M.,
Yeroulanou <Excavating Classical Culture>, BAR International Series 1031, 2002:57-73. Agelarakis
A., Physical anthropological report on the cremated human remains of an individual retrieved from
the Amphipolis agora, In Excvating Classical Amphipolis by Koukouli-Chrysantkai Ch.,
<Excavating Classical Culture> (eds.) Stamatopoulou M., and M., Yeroulanou, BAR International
Series 1031, 2002: 72-73.
31

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Cousinery .Voyage dans la Macedoine. Sur L Histoire, la geographie. Esprit Marie
Cousinery, Tome premier. Langlume. Imprime par autorisation du roi du 28 Septembere 1828. Paris.
MDCCCXXXI. 128 Jeni-Kieui, StrymonLa voice.
, Thucid.
Loc. Cit. 129 130 Philon Stratocles sont bannis a
perpetuite d Amphipolis et du terrtoire des Amphipolitains
35
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36
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS. First published 1992 Fifth printing 2006. . 17 Thucydides,2
son of Olorus of the deme Halimous, born perhaps about 460, was related in some way to Cimon and to
Thucydides son of Melesias.3 Like Cimon, he had Thracian connexions, as is indicated by his father's
name (cf. Hdt. vi.39.3) and his own statement (iv.105.1) that he had possessions in the gold mines east
of the river Strymon which gave him great influence with the mainlanders of that area. Of his early
life we know nothing, but can readily infer his total immersion in the intellectual excitement which the
sophists were bringing to Athens.4 His military career begins and ends for us with his tenure of the
generalship in 424/3 (p. 427 below). After his failure at Amphipolis he was in exile from Athens for
twenty years (v.26.5), and this gave him the opportunity to watch events, not less from the
Peloponnesian side; he says nothing of his ability to watch Athens.
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43
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Anderson, J. K. 'Cleon's orders at Amphipolis', JHS 85 (1965) 1-4.
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A COMPANION TO ANCIENT MACEDONIA. Edited by Joseph Roisman and Ian
Worthington. A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication This edition first published 2010. Blackwell
Publishing Ltd. The End of the Third Sacred War, the Peace of Philocrates and the Way to
Chaeronea. In 346 a peace and alliance that became known as the Peace of Philocrates (the politician
who engineered it) was sworn to by Philip and Athens.37 Thus ended the war over Amphipolis (but
not the Third Sacred War). The Athenians recognized Philips conquests on the coast and gave up any
hope to regain Amphipolis. In return, Philip released his Athenian prisoners from Olynthus and
promised to spare Athens settlements in the Thracian Chersonese which were crucial to Athenian
survival because of the grain supply from the Black Sea. Cersebleptes, Phocis and Thessalian Halus
were excluded from the peace. The Athenians were far from happy with the terms, which they thought
favoured Philip more than themselves, and the hostile aftermaths
46
.. , , . , .
, 00, . , , 1938. .
, , 1964.
. , . , , 1972.
47
"" 1994
48
. . . . . 1932.
45 .. , . ,
,
, , ,
. .
. Sirae ()373.
374. , , . .
49
. . . 2008. .
. .
38
Siras (= , )
51. , : 52
.
5354

. 55 5 ..
56. 57 ,
, = .
( 115).
, . , .
. .
50
. . . ... . .
45,4.
51
. . . 2008..
, ,
. , ,
,
. (),
.
52
. - . .. ... .
, . . . 115, . . 12-18.. ,
. 1870 . 575-588.. , . ' . 10-11.
53
--. . -8.23. Honours for T. Claudius Diogenes. Date:
Mid to late first century A.D. (prosopography, lettering) or a descendant. Theatre proskenion frieze.
Inscribed on the blocks which make up the cornice, of the Doric order, above 8.1, the inscription of
Zoilos, across the back of the Theatre stage. The blocks have simple moulding above, supporting water
spouts in the form of lions' heads; the underside has a decoration of mutules. Bibliography: Published
by Reynolds, ZPE 43 (1981), 317-27, no.4, whence SEG 31, 1981.901; BullEp 1982.356, McCabe PHI
Aphrodisias.
[ () ] | |
- | []| stop
- [ ]| |
vac.
54
. - .
,
" "
, . "
" ' "" . 26-106.
55
. ,
, , . III, Leipzig 1894, . 231
, 1988, . 7.
56
. , , . .
. 1879. , -
: , , Sirae, , Sarxa, ,
, , () (), Serisk Serski (), Siruz Siroz (.), Ceres, Saras,
.
. . .
.
57
A COMPANION TO THE CLASSICAL GREEK WORLD. Edited by Konrad H. Kinzl. 2006 by
Blackwell Publishing Ltd. . 89 To the west, the foundation of Thourioi in the toe of Italy in 444/3
was another Athenian project which was opened to all Greece, and the most conspicuous evidence of a
move to expand Athenian influence in this direction of which there are hints as early as the year of
Salamis, when Herodotos (8.62) makes Themistokles, who had named two of his daughters Sybaris and
39

: 6
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5 , 58
6
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: , , ,
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59
.

.
60, (
,61 62,
Italia (Plutarch Themistokles 32), threaten a complete withdrawal of the Athenians to Siris, which
according to certain oracles was destined to be colonized by them. Athens had also begun to make
alliances in the region: the inscriptions which supply the evidence are unfortunately all problematic to
interpret, particularly that recording an alliance with Egesta (which was to play an important role in
precipitating the Athenian expedition to Sicily in 415).
58
--. . -
. 5 . . .
, 449
451 . -6
. . . . 5-6 . . .
59
. .
60
The geography of Herodotus: illustrated from modern researches and ...
-books.google.com James Talboys Wheeler London. 1854. 124 Siro-Paeones, and an amphibious
people who lived on lake Prasias(or Cercinitis) all of whom were described by Herodotus under the
general name Paeones. 130 The Paeones dwelt a wind from the Strymonthe race of Siro-Paeones so
called from their city of Sirisand the mines of Scapte Hyle
61
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65.
This article is about the city in Macedonia (Greece). For other uses see
Serres.Serres (Greek: , older form: , Turkish: Serez or
Siroz, Slavic: /Serez, /Syar or /Ser) is a city in the Greek
region of Macedonia. the Strymon river and 69 km north-east of the
Macedonian capital, Thessaloniki. The Rhodope Mountains rise to the
north and east of the city.66
Municipalities and communities of the Serres Prefecture
Achinos Alistrati Amfipoli Emmanouil Pappas Irakleia Kato
Mitrousi Kerkini Kormista Lefkonas Nea Zichni Nigrita Petritsi
Proti Rodolivos Serres Sidirokastro Skotousa Skoutari
Strymonas Strymoniko Tragilos Visaltia.Achladochori Agkistro
Ano Vrontou Oreini Promachonas67
63
. . . . 106, . 5-6, . 209-210 . 120122( ) . 275 . 28-31.

64
. . . ...... 44, 80-82. "
,
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65
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7 . . ,
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66
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
67
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
41
. , .68 , . SIRAS = ,
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71
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. , 448 . . . , . 1883. William Miller. H
. (1204-1566). . . . 1960.
. 265 .. . . ' 1926, . 49-51.
. . . 393-400, 415-442, 450, 480-518, 521-558, ..
. 218-254. ."
".
72
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. SARXA Tabula
42
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.76
Cousinery .Voyage dans la Macedoine. Sur L Histoire, la
geographie. Esprit Marie Cousinery, Tome premier. Langlume. Imprime
par autorisation du roi du 28 Septembere 1828. Paris. MDCCCXXXI.
Sirris, Serres. Salonique et a
Serres 85, Sirris. 100, Chapitre IV. Premier
voyage a Amphipolis. A AmphipolisCercineSerres.
EneodosEdoniens,
. 226
.
77

Peutigeriana(. Drawn in 1265 by a monk from Colmar and made up of 11 parchments scrolls
measuring approximately 34 cm high by 6,74 m. long when assembled, this document was discovered
in 1494 by Konrad Meissel, alias Celtes, and given in 1507 to an Antiquarian of Augsburg, Konrad
Peutinger.) ,
Sarrensis
ecclesia, Sarrensis Metropolis Sarrensis episcopus. . Epistolarum Innocenti III.
Romani Pontificis libri undecim. accedunt gesta ... III InnocentTomus secundus, Parisiis
MDCLXXXII. . 632.
73
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82
Travels in northern Greece, 3. William Martin Leake. Vol. III. 1835. ..dominions
comprehended Serres. . CHAPTER XXVI.MACEDONIA. Ancient
Geography of the Strymonic Plain and surrounding MountainsBattle of PhilippiNigritaSokho
Klisali LakesLangazaKhaivatSalonikiAntiquities, Population, &c. ALTHOUGH Stephanus
distinguishes the Siris which gave name to the Siro-Paeones, from Sirrha, they were assuredly one and
the same place, for that the Siro-Paeones inhabited the banks of the Strymon is clear from
Herodotus1, and that they did not dwell above the derveni of Demirissar may also be inferred from the
historian, when he states, that Xerxes left a part of his sick at Siris in his retreat to the Hellespont2; for
it is not conceivable that a place could have been chosen for that purpose, so far and inconveniently
removed from the direct route of the army, as any position above the Straits of Demirissar would have
been. The same inference may be drawn from Livy, who relates that P. iEmilius Paullus, after his
victory at Pydna, received at Sirae a deputation from Perseus who had retired to Samothrace(1 Herodot.
1. 5, c. 13, 15, 98. * L. 8, c. 115. 'Liv. 1. 45, c. 4. VOL. III. P).. As Sirae is here described by Livy as a
city of the Odomantice, it seems evident that the Odomanti bordered on the Siro-Paeones, and that in
the reign of Perseus they were in possession of this city The Odomanti, therefore, probably occupied
the great mountain which extends along the northeastern side of the lower Strymonic plain from about
Meleniko and Demirissar nearly to Pangceum, their vicinity to which latter mountain is rendered
probable by their having been one of the three tribes who worked its mines, the two others having been
the Pieres and Satrae2, the former of whom dwelt on the southern side of the mountain, the latter to the
eastward of it. It was very natural that Megabyzus should have subdued the SiroPaeones, who
possessed the most fertile and exposed part of the Strymonic plain, while the Odomanti, who were
secure in a higher situation, and still more the Agrianes, who dwelt at the sources of the Strymon, were
able to avoid or resist him, as well as the Doberes, and the other Paeones of Mount Pangaeum, and
the amphibious inhabitants of the lake Prasias.
46
.
. .
.
. .
. .
. .
-, , . . 46.
.

. .
.
.
.
83
THE CAMBRIDGE ANCIENT HISTORY. SECOND EDITION.
VOLUME VI The Fourth Century B.C. Edited by D. M. LEWIS F.B.A.
Professor of Ancient History in the University of Oxford. Cambridge
University Press 1994. . 452 The recapture of Byzantium and the
Hellespontine Straits, the restoration of the Chersonese to Athenian
control and the establishment of a major league based at Eion were all
indications of a new bid, spearheaded by Athens, to maintain a foothold
on the Thracian coast (Thuc. 1.94; 98.1; Hdt. vn.106-7; Phit. Citn. 7-8;
schol. Aeschin. 11.31; Polyaen. vn.24). At the western end of the north
Aegean, the most important tribes of the lower Strymon valley the
Pierii, Bisalti and Edoni - who had been driven out of their original
homelands in lower Macedonia between the seventh and sixth
centuries, came under increasing pressure from Macedon in the reign of
Alexander I, who may even have held the Edonian stronghold,
Enneahodoi,fora short time, although our only source is pro-Macedonian
([Dem.] The Edoni succeeded in retaking it by ambush (schol. Aeschin.
11.34) and, at the nearby site of Drabescus, destroyed, with the help of
neighbouring Thracians, an Athenian force of 10,000 under the leadership
of Leagrus and Sophanes, which attempted to recolonize Enneahodoi
in 465 (Hdt. ix.75; Thuc. 1.100.3; iv.102.2; Diod. xi.70.5; xn.68.2;
Paus. 1.29.4-5). The Athenians were trying to keep Alexander I, who
already had the silver mines of Dysoron in Paeonia at his disposal (Hdt.
v. 17.2), away from the gold and silver mines, hitherto monopolized by
83
Botsford & Robonson. . . 1979. . 342.
47
the Thasians (Hdt. vi.46), in the area of Daton on the mainland of

Thrace. The Athenians themselves were prepared to go to war with their
ally Thasos in order to secure these resources (Thuc. 1.100.2; 101.13;
Diod. xi.70; Plut. Cim. 14.2; Themist. 25.2; Nep. Cim. 2.5).12
The precise nature of Thasian mining rights on the Thracian mainland
and the identity of the Thasian mine at Skapte Hyle have long been
controversial.13 Nevertheless, they can only have been obtained with the
co-operation of the local Thracian tribes, particularly the Edonians,
Pierii, Odomanti and Satri (Hdt. vn.112). Such co-operation is
confirmed by the existence of a joint Thraco-Macedonian minting
standard, which was used by many local mints of Chalcidice and the
north Aegean coast, by Thasos and her colony Neapolis, Aegae for its
own and Macedonian regal issues, and also by a host of greater and lesser
native tribes, both Paeonian (Letaei, Laeaei) and Thracian (Bisalti,
Edoni, Orescii, Derrones, Zaeelii) some of which are only known to
have existed from their coinage. Thasos and her colonies on the
mainland, particularly Neapolis, whose proximity to .the island's chief
mining region on the mainland soon promoted her from partner to rival,
may have had a greater influence on the minting traditions of the
neighbouring Thracian communities than has usually been assumed.14
The obverse more unnamed mainland mints, probably in the Thasian
peraea, the Orescii and Zaeelii.
.
. 4.8

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88
THE CAMBRIDGE ANCIENT HISTORY. SECOND EDITION. VOLUME IV Persia, Greece and
the Western Mediterranean. C. 525 tO 479 B.C. Edited by JOHN BOARDMAN F.B.A. Lincoln
Professor of Classical Archaeology and Art in the University of Oxford. N. G. L. HAMMOND
F.B.A. Professor Yimeritus of Greek University of Bristol. Cambridge University Press 1988.
. 495 If so, the inner core of the satrapy was formed by the central plain, from which routes radiated
to the lower Danube, the Black Sea coast, the Bosporus and the Aegean coast, where Doriscus at the
mouth of the Hebrus river was garrisoned c. 513 B.C. and indeed held continuously until c. 463
(vn.59.1).9 In the interior the limit of Megabazus' advance westwards was set by his failure to conquer
the Agrianes, a Paeonian tribe of the upper Strymon valley; the Doberes of the Strumitsa valley;
the Odomanti north west of Mt Pangaeum; and the Paeonians of Lake Prasias, which guarded the
approach to the Rupel pass on the Strymon (v. 16.1, retaining the text common to all codices).10 That
part of Thrace, protected on the east by the great mountains of Rila, Pirin, and Rhodope, has always
been a centre of resistance to foreign invaders
89
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The geography of Herodotus: illustrated from modern researches and ...-books.google.com James
Talboys Wheeler London. 1854. . XXXI Siro-Paeones, Scapte Hyle, Paeones on the Strymon,
River Augites, District of Phyllis.
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71
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Cramer. Oxford MDCCCXXVIII. VOL. I. Next to the Sintii, and to the north-east, were the Maedi,
noticed by Thucydides in his narrative of the expedition of Sitalces into Macedonia, (II. 98.) but of
whom Herodotus appears to have had no knowledge ; it is probable, however, that he has mentioned
this people without being, in fact, aware of their existence in his account of the Sigynnae, a Thracian
tribe near the Ister, who were understood by him to refer their origin to the Medes of Asia; but it is
more rational to suppose that they meant the Maedi of Thrace, concerning whom we are now speaking,
(Herod. V. 9-) and to whom Strabo alludes - under the name of Msedobithyni, (VII. p. 295. Cf. Steph.
Byz. v. Maufco/'.) Elsewhere he says the Dardanii and Maedi were contiguous. (VII. p. 316. Cf. Plin.
IV. 11. Polyb. X. 41, 4.).
111
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113
Cousinery . Vouage dans La Macedoine, Par M.E.R.

Cousinery.Paris. MDCCCXXXI. Tome Deuxieme. Reconnaissance du mont Cercine.
Strymon, 167, 183.
114
. . . . .
. . . . 8. - .
. 283-484. . .
115
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comprehended Serres. CHAPTER XXVI.MACEDONIA. Dio adds( .
( 155 235. . ) ),
that Philippi stood near Pangaeum and Symbolum, and that Symbolum, which was between Philippi
76
. 68.3.4.3
. Joann.
Antioch. fr. M. v. 6.

. ...3 ... vide supra. Joann.
Antioch. fr. 8 Muell. v. 6. . 5. c. , .

.
. 6.34

.

.

.

. b,5,F.68b.

. . ...
and Neapolis, was so called because it connected Pangaeum with another mountain which stretched
inland, by which description Symbolum is very clearly identified with the ridge which stretches from
Pravista to Kavala, separating the bay of Kavala from the plain of Philippi. The Pylae, therefore, could
have been no other than the pass over that mountain behind Kavala, which being the commencement of
the Sapcean straits, extending eastward from thence about twenty miles along the abrupt maritime
termination of the mountain as far as the valley of the Nestus, was in this sense a gate in the great route
of communication between Europe and Asia. Norbanus, on hearing of the movement of the enemy
upon Philippi, first evacuated that post, and soon afterwards Symbolum, from whence he retired to
Amphipolis. By the possession of Symbolum the Cassians secured a ready communication with the
sea, and at the same time obtained security for their foraging decursions in the plains Antony, having
arrived at Amphipolis, proceeded immediately to encamp in the plain at a distance of only eight stades
from the enemy, where he fortified his camp with entrenchments and redoubts, and excavated wells
which in that marshy plain produced an abundance of water. His own position was on the right,
opposite to that of Cassius. Octavianus Caesar was opposed to Brutus on the left.
77
. XVIII 5, 8
....
. ANTIGON. Hist. mir. 3

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121
Oricum or Orikos (Ancient Greek or ) was an Ancient Greek city in ...... and seized
the frontier town of Sintia in Dardania or perhaps Paionia. ... First Macedonian War. wn.com/First..
122
. http://www.e-istoria.com/. Copyright 2009-2010 www.eistoria.com. karipidis@e-istoria.com. . ,
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130
W. W. How, J. Wells, A Commentary on Herodotus. ttp://www.perseus.tufts.edu.

There were two roads from Abdera and the mouth of the Nestus to the Strymon: (1)
the main road near the coast south of Mount Pangaeum through Pieria (cf. vii. 121 n.);
(2) the mountain road through the passes of the Sapaei (near Philippi), which led
north of Mount Pangaeum down the valley of the Angites past the Doberes (vii. 113).
: named after their capital, Siris (viii. 115) (the modern Seres), near the
east bank of the Strymon, just above Lake Cercinitis (now Terkino), into which the
Strymon expands above Amphipolis. The Paeoplae are on the Strymon north of the
Angites and Siris (vii. 113).
131
The geography of Herodotus: illustrated from modern researches and ... -books.google.com James
Talboys Wheeler London. 1854. . 130 River Strymon. Eion. 123 ...the eastern bank of the
Strymon to mount Pangaeus.131 beyond the Strymon the Persians passed an Hellenic city called
Argilus131 It was subsequently called Amphipolis, and was one of the most important positions in
this part of Thrace.
132
. . . . . 1932.
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138
Cramer. Oxford MDCCCXXVIII. VOL. I. Xknown only from Ptolemy, unless it occurs also in
Hierocles, under the corrupt form of , as Wesseling imagines, (p. 639.) Ancient writers speak of a river
named Pontus, in the country of the Sinti, which presented a singular phenomenon. It was said to
contain pebbles of a bright red colour, resembling hot coals; they were ignited by water being thrown
over them, and, when burning, emitted so great a stench, that no reptile could endure it. (Aristot. Mirab.
Ausc. ap. Steph. Byz. v. /-/, Theopomp. ap. Antig. Caryst. c. 151.) The modern name of this river is
Stroumnitza; it falls into the Strymon. The range of mountains which divided the Sintii from Paeonia
is called Cercine by Thucydides, who describes it as deserted, and rendered almost impassable from the
forests with which it was covered. (II. 98.) Its modern name is Tchengel Dagh.
86
. 139
. .6
. ;

;

. .5..5 .

.

.
. .5..5

.
...
[]
. .5..9

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139

Cramer. Oxford MDCCCXXVIII. VOL. I. Inna was said to be a fountain situated between inna fon.
the country of the Maedi and Paeonia, where Midas caught Silenus. (Bio ap. Athen. XI. 23.)
Contiguous to the Maedi were the Dentheletae, Denthewhose country Philip also passed through in
returning from mount Haemus. (Liv. XLIV. 26. Cf. Plin. IV. 11. Polyb. XXIV. 6, 7. Strab. VII. p. 318.
Steph. Byz. v. Still more to the east were the Bessi, who extended to the Nestus, Bwsi. according to
Pliny. (IV. 11.) The Bessi belonged, as Herodotus reports, to the powerful nation of the Satrse, the only
Thracian tribe which had never SatTM, been subjugated. (VII. 110.) In the loftiest range of their
mountains stood an oracle and temple of Bacchus, the priests of which were always selected from the
Bessi. Later writers, however, speak of this people being independent; and Strabo states that they
occupied the greater part of mount Haemus, reaching as far as the Autariatae and Dardanii.
87

.

. ..4.3 .

[]
.
140

.
Epit .95.

.
.

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.
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. 1879. . 17 ,
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88
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. 3,.3.4
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. . c. 93 .
. .
. .
.

.
NA .3.

.
.
.

.
141

Worthington. A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication This edition first published 2010. 2010
Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Herodotus brief account mentions that Megabazus received an order to
conquer the whole of Thrace and so he set out to bring every city and every people under Persian
control. As a result of his campaigns, probably carried out in 512 and 511, he was said to have
subjugated all peoples including the Macedonians (Hdt. 6.44.1). Elsewhere, however, Herodotus
indicates that as a result of the campaigns only a strip of the coast was subdued (5.10). Control over the
coast was definitely the centre of the Persians attention, as is evidenced by the fact that
military garrisons were placed in strongholds at Doriscus and later also at Eion.
142
Cousinery . Vouage dans La Macedoine, Par M.E.R. Cousinery.Paris.
MDCCCXXXI. Cousinery . Vouage dans La Macedoine, Par M.E.R.
Cousinery.Paris. MDCCCXXXI. . Table des Chapitres. Second
voyage a Serres, Crestonie p. 166.
89
.
.6.6..
.

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.7, 115 . 503

. 505 ,
, , , , ,
, , , Desdevises p. 390. Ossa etait
peutetra a Sokho, ou il y a des ruines .
. .
. . . 1896. . 601
.
91
. .
. .
.
Pol 3b.
.

.
.
. 3,.65. . .
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. .
.

. . .
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. ATHEN. IX 63 p. 4 AB
92
145
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. . .
.
146
A COMPANION TO ANCIENT MACEDONIA. Edited by Joseph Roisman and

Ian Worthington. A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication This edition first published
2010. 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. After the disappearance of Macedonia
salutaris no later than 412,15 a single province of Macedonia existed until perhaps the
mid-fifth century. The evidence for a new division into the provinces of Macedonia
Prima (I) and Macedonia Secunda (II), both sparse and contradictory, is summarized
here. At the Council of Ephesus in 449, the bishops of Doberos, Serres, Cassandreia
and Beroia were listed as being from Macedonia Prima.16 Two years later, at the
Council of Chalcedon, where Bishop Quintillius of Heraclea represented Archbishop
Anastasius of Thessaloniki, the bishops of Philippi, Doberos, Serres, Stobi, Bargala
and Parthicopolis were again described as being from Macedonia Prima.17 The
assumption, based on these identifications, that Macedonia had been divided again
before 449,18 faces two problems. First, no other province of Macedonia is actually
mentioned, and second, Stobi and Bargala are described as being in Macedonia Prima,
but these two cities later unquestionably belong to Macedonia Secunda.
147
94
. 56. .
.
.
.
.
. .
. .
. .
.
. 63.8 .

.

.

. 63.
.

.

.

VII.
.53

148 .

148
. http://www.e-istoria.com/. Copyright 2009-2010 www.e-istoria.com.

karipidis@e-istoria.com. .,
.
95
149 .
[]
.
. . .5.5
.

.

.

.
149
. . . . . . .
. . 8. - . . 283-484. .
29, 39. . Later on, in the eighth century, Macedonia
seems to have formed a single military administrative division which extended from western
Macedonia to the east bank of the Hebrus. However, growing military needs made it necessary to
divide the region into the themes of the Strymon (in 809) and of Thessaloniki (in 809 or 836),
whereupon the remaining area, from the Nestus to the east bank of the Hebrus, became the theme of
Macedonia. Owing to its position, from the birth of the Byzantine state onwards Macedonia sustained
constant attacks from enemies from the north. But the invasions of the fourth to the sixth century were
transient phenomena and had no effect on the ethnological make-up of the population. The concomitant
slaughter and pillage, however, made it easier for Slav tribes to move down to the northern Balkans
after the end of the sixth century. http://www.eng.auth.gr/macedonia. . The Theme of
Strymon (Greek: ) was a Byzantine military-civilian province (theme) located in
modern Greek Macedonia, with the city of Serres as its capital. Founded probably by the mid-to-late
9th century, its history as an administrative history was chequered, being variously split up and/or
united with neighbouring themes The theme covered the region between the Strymon and Nestos
rivers, between the Rhodope mountains and the Aegean Sea. The area was strategically important. Not
only did the theme control the exits to the mountain passes from the Slav-dominated interior of the
Balkans into the coastal plains of Macedonia, but it was transversed by the great Via Egnatia highway,
which linked Byzantine-controlled Thrace with Thessalonica, the Empire's second-largest city
96
150
.
. 3,.5.6 .
6
6. .
.

. .

.

. 3,.3.5
. p. 595 .
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. . 6
v. 98 .
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(805-811),
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.

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. . . . .
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. , LIv. 45. 29, manner, 7, p. 502, Leake v. 3.
P. 229, Desdevises p. 391, . 515 ,
. 516.. ,
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.
Hist 36..4.3

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158
. . .
2011. ,

100 840 . = 840 , . .
6.6.4. . GOW & SCHOLFIELD 1953, 211 , HUXLEY 1972,
312-313.
, .
104
.

VII .
De sententiis 5.3

.

.

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. 3,.3.4
.

. .
.
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. .

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. 5.6.
.
161
159

Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Eion in Thrace 88, 514 see also Amphipolis.
160
. http://www.e-istoria.com/. Copyright 2009-2010 www.e-istoria.com.
karipidis@e-istoria.com. , , . '
, ,
.
. ,
, .
. . . .. ,
. V, 15-16 "
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106
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162

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.

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Aristophanes Comic.
". . 1893. '. "
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,
,
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MDCCCXXXI. 135, Bisaltique, Certilium, Zighna et par celui se
SerresPangee jusquua a Serres. Amphipolisvillage de Takinos. Cercine
136 : pour arrived d Amphipolis a Takinos, village qui lui donne actuellement son
nom. Makedonika: 19; 19 -books.google.com . - 1979 Le village, bti justement la rive du lac assch Takinos, se trouve 16 km vol d'oiseau au sudest de la ville de Serrs.Prs de la partie mridionale du village moderne existait un habitat byzantin,
comme le montre les ...Chambers's encyclopdia: a dictionary of universal knowledge for ...books.google.com1888 - The Lake Prasias of the Father "of History seem; to be the modern Lake
Takinos, on the Strymon or Kara-su. a river ... The fish named by Herodotus have not been identified
by naturalists; Lake Takinos abounds in carp, tench, and eels. ...De Thessalonica eiusque agro
dissertatio geographica - 82. -books.google.com Gottlieb Lukas Friedrich Tafel - 1839 ut
strymon(Struma Bulgarice) modo est numen Marmar, ab oppidi quomqn medii aeve marmario,
modoflumen Orfan, ab oppido Orfano; neque aliter veterrum lacus Cercine nunc audit Takinos, a pago
vicino Takinos. Sed de hiw alibi agam.
107
Ach 56 . .
. . .
. . ; . . .
; ;
; .
. .
;
Ach 5 . . . .
. . ; .
. . ; ;
; .
. .
;
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. . ; . .
. ; ;
; .
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; .

Ach 64 .
. .
; .
.
; .
. .
;
. , 163 -.
164
163
Botsford & Robonson. . . 1979.

- .
... 185. . 236 437 .. .
. 238, 254, ..
424 ... 214, ( )
357 .. .. 343,
345, 446.
164
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.

.168
169
1.5.1.1

.
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.
, .
.
167
, .
.
.
168
Publishing Ltd. Cavalry under Alexander the Great. During the reign of Alexander III (the Great) we
only have undisputable evidence for the existence of one Macedonian cavalry regiment: the
Companion Cavalry. The Royal Squadron was probably selected from all the Companions,18 while
the other seven squadrons were organized on a territorial basis. It took its place in the vanguard if the
regiment was marching in column or on the right if the squadrons were formed in line of battle. The
other seven squadrons would take up their position in the line according to the order of precedence of
the day (Arr. 1.14.6). We hear of the squadrons of Bottiaea, Amphipolis, Apollonia, Anthemus and the
Leugaean squadron (Arr. 1.2.5, 1.12.7, 2.9.3), but the territorial organization of the Companion
Cavalry and the appointment of local officers to command the squadrons ceased at Sittacene in 331.
Henceforward Alexander appointed officers of his own choice (Curt. 5.2.6; cf. Diod. 17.65.3). P. Juhel,
On Orderliness with Respect to the Prizes of War: The Amphipolis Regulation and the Management
of Booty in the Army of the Last Antigonids, BSA 97 (2002), pp. 40112 pls. 378.
169
. " 1".
, 7,5. 14-15 , 7,9, 13. . :

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110
.

1.5.2.1

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170
170
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1896. . 247.
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112

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. 7a.1.36.28 .

.
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171
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.

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1975. www.protiserron.gr
171
.
. . . . .
1896. . 682 .
. 684-688.
113

Hymni Homerici
Dem 17

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114
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De natura deorum 58.4
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Joannes Malalas Chronogr.

Chron 41.19

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Cynegetica 4.308

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.

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VA 2.2.27

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115
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Photius Theol., Scr. Eccl.
Bibl 241.324b.10
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Scholia in ranas sch ran.216.10
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In Aristotelis meteora commentaria 109.11n .

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The dramatic date of the conversation is about 500, but Herodotus

presumably transfers into the past the concerns of Athenian contemporaries.49 In
424/3, the Athenian city of Amphipolis, a near neighbour of Myrcinus, was captured
by the Spartans. According to Thucydides the Athenians were greatly alarmed: The
place was [] useful because it supplied timber for shipbuilding and brought in
revenue (4.108). That usefulness might be projected back to the foundation of
Amphipolis in 437/6, and possibly its failed predecessor Ennea Hodoi (about 465).
Cimon, the local Athenian commander, was supposedly prosecuted in 462, though
acquitted, for having failed to seize Macedonian territory (Plut., Cimon. 14.23).
Publishing Ltd.
123
4.107.3.1

.

.
.
5.6.4.3

.

.
.

.
5.10.9.4 174

. []

174
A History of the Classical Greek World. 478323 BC. P. J. Rhodes

2006 by P. J. Rhodes. 60 . Early in 422 Brasidas
made an unsuccessful attack on Potidaea. The truce was prolonged until August
(Thuc.V. 1: cf. p. 113).When it finally lapsed, Cleon had himself sent to the north-east
with a substantial force. He recovered Torone, on the middle prong of Chalcidice (a
creditable achievement), and went to Eon. Brasidas was based in Amphipolis.
When the Athenian army grew impatient, Cleon took it out to reconnoitre. Brasidas
saw the Athenians, and when they turned back towards Eon he attacked and
defeated them; Brasidas and Cleon were both killed. Thucydides exaggerates the
heroism of Brasidas and the cowardice of Cleon, but it does seem that the Athenians
were caught in a trap which they ought to have avoided. Amphipolis adopted
Brasidas in place of the Athenian Hagnon as its founding hero, and Athens was never
to recover it; the surviving Athenians sailed home (V. 23, 611). At the end of the
summer the Spartans again sent reinforcements to the north-east, but the Thessalians
obstructed them, and on hearing of Brasidas death they turned back (V. 1213).
124

.
5.10.9.7

.

.
.
. 463.14 . .
. .
.
. 175
. .
.
. .

. 463.15 . .
. .

. 176
. .
. .
.

.
175
. http://www.e-istoria.com/. Copyright 2009-2010 www.eistoria.com. karipidis@e-istoria.com. ,

. '
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.
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.
.
.
. 1731.6 .

.

.
.
.
. .
.

reliquiae 42.1 . . .
. . . . .
. .
Parthenius Myth.
126
. et tituli 659.1

. . .
. .
.
.
. . p.
494 .
.
.
. . .
. .
.
.
. . p.
494 .
.
. .
. 177
177
comprehended Serres. . CHAPTER XXVI.MACEDONIA. 1 V.
Hunter, Tab. 18. IV. To the same cause may be attributed the existence of the coins of Ossa, an
otherwise obscure town of Bisaltia(PtoIemy, 1. 3, c. 13.) at a time when the royal coinage was very
insignificant. When the kings had made themselves masters of Bisaltia and the other argentiferous
districts, the silver coinage still bore a great resemblance to the autonomous money, though it was
naturally inscribed only with the name of the monarch. At the time when the Bisaltic coins were struck,
the mines of Pangaeum were chiefly in the hands of the Thasii, who had also silver mines of their
own, and hence the beauty and abundance of the early money of Thasus. The other people who,
according to Herodotus, worked the mines of Pangaeum, were the Pieres and Odomanti, but
particularly the Satrae, who bordered on the mountain. None of their money has reached us, but to the
Pangaean silver mines we may trace a large toin of Geta, king of the Edoni, lately published by Mr.
Millingen, the characters on which perfectly agree with the time when the Edoni possessed Drabescus
and the Nine Ways, and had therefore the power of working some of the mines. It is to some unknown
places or people in the same argentiferous districts, that we may attribute a class of coins inscribed
OPPHSKION or OPHSKIQN, and TETAION not AETAIflN, as has been supposed by a mistake of the
ancient form of the Gamma for a A, which would refer these coins to Lete of Mygdonia. The
resemblance of the more ancient coins of the Orescii to those of Geta, king of the Edoni is very
remarkable. The smaller and more modern, inscribed OPHSKiaN, have the same type as those of the
TETAION, namely, a satyr carrying ofF a nymph. They seem therefore all to belong to Edonis or its
vicinity; the Satyrs were the Satraj and refer to the worship of Bacchus in the mountains Pangaeum
and Orbelus. (Herodot. 1. 7, c. Ill, v. 970.Eurip.
127
5.11.6

.

.

.

5.23.6 .

.

5.24.3 178
.
.

.
.

.

178
THE CAMBRIDGE ANCIENT HISTORY SECOND EDITION VOLUME VIII

Rome and the Mediterranean. to 133 B.C. Edited by A. E. ASTIN. Professor of
Ancient History, The Queen's University, Belfast. F. W. WALBANK F.B.A.
Cambridge Univeisity Press 1989. . 318 with its capital at Amphipolis, comprised
mainly the areas between the Rivers Strymon and Nessus, with some additions to the
east of the Nessus (but excluding Aenus, Maronea and Abdera) and to the west of
the Strymon (Basaltica with Heraclea Sintice). The second had Thessalonica as its
capital and ran (with the aforementioned exceptions) from the Strymon to the Axius,
taking in eastern Paeonia and all Chalcidice. The third was based upon Pella and
stretched from the Axius to the Peneus, incorporating Edessa, Beroea and western
Paeonia. The fourth took in the wilder region across Mt Bora to the borders of Epirus
and Illyria; its capital is given by Livy as Pelagonia (xLV.29.9). The four republics
were to befirmlyseparate entities. Intermarriage across boundaries was not permitted,
and ownership of land and buildings in more than one of the parts was prohibited.
Only the Dardanians were allowed to import salt.
128
1795.124.9 180

.
.

. 5.126.2

.

.

179

Blackwell Publishing Ltd. According to Herodotus 5.15, Megabazus defeated the Paeonians, a tribe
inhabiting the vast area between Axios and Strymon. The Persians forced many Paeonians to
settle in Asia Minor and subjugated and partly displaced the Siriopaeones, the Paeoplae
and the remaining Paeonians, who inhabited the territories up to Lake Prasias. It seems
that the inhabitants of settlements around Lake Prasias, as well as Mount Pangaion,
Doberes, Agrianes and Odomantes, remained out of Persian control.17(Hammond and Griffith, History
of Macedonia 2, pp. 567, Borza, Shadow of Olympus, p. 104, Archibald, Odrysian Kingdom, pp. 84
8.) After the outbreak of the Ionian Revolt in 499, the Persian control of the Strymon valley must have
been completely illusory. The actions of Aristagoras, the tyrant of Miletus and one of the leaders of the
rebellion, may be evidence of this. When the revolt died down, he reckoned that it would be safe for
him to find shelter at Myrcinus on the Strymon river, which Darius formerly had given to Histiaeus.
The Persians were unable to stop him from settling there and ruling the area. What is more,
Aristagoras reportedly helped some of the Paeonians deported to Asia to return home
(Hdt. 5.98). His rule was only ended by the Thracians when he tried to expand his
territory at their expense (Hdt. 5.124, 126).
180
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS. First published 1992 Fifth printing 2006.
. 45 The war against Thasos occupied three years (Thuc. 1.101.3), probably
three archontic years. Thucydides (iv.102.3) dates the colony whose
settlers were destroyed at Drabescus thirty-two years after the failure of
Aristagoras in Thrace (Hdt. v. 124-6), and the successful foundations of
Amphipolis in the twenty-ninth year after the unsuccessful colony; the
Aeschines scholiast dates the unsuccessful colony to the archonship of
Lysicrates (45 3/2) and the successful to 437/6 (the latter confirmed by a
date-table entry in Diod. xn.32.3). . . 45 38 The most striking feature of
Badian 1988(8 1) is the argument that the scholiast's date is correct and the disaster at
Drabescus occurred in 453/2, long after the foundation of the colony.
129
.

. us Siculus Hist.
Bibliotheca historica 12.68.4.4

.

.

.

Hecataeus Milesius Hist.
. 1a,1,T.6.4
3
3 3 3. -V 124
... sc.

...
. 125

.
.
. 7a.1.33.17

.
181 182
183.
181
. . . . . ,
. 1874. . 506 . 508

182
. . . . .
1932. 45 .. , ,
. .
183
Travels in northern Greece, 3. William Martin Leake. Vol. III. 1835.

..dominions comprehended Serres. CHAPTER XXVI.MACEDONIA. The Harpessus can be no other
than the branch of the Maritza, or Hebrus, which flows through the valley of Arda. If then we suppose
the camp of Cassius to have been near the modern Gumerdjina, which is about the centre of the
maritime plains lying between the passes of the Corpili and those of the Sapcei, it would seem that the
130

. Epit.

.
BC 4.13.105.15 .

.
. 90.15 .
.
.

. .
.
. .
.
.
road to the Harpessus followed for a considerable distance the valley of the Kurutjai, which from
Herodotus seems to have been anciently called Travus From the valley of the Harpessus to Philippi, the
route of Cassius was nearly in the modern track from Adrianople to Serres, which from the sources of
the Arda crosses the valley of the Nestus and enters the plain of Philippi at Dhrama. When Philippi was
the chief city in the plain, the road led probably more directly upon that point. Appian thus describes
Philippi and the position on which Cassius and Brutus encamped. The city, he says, was called Datus
before the time of Philip, and still earlier Crenides, from numerous sources around the site, which
formed a river and a marsh. It was situated on a steep hill, bordered to the northward by the forests
through which the Cassian army approached,to the south, by a marsh, beyond which was the sea,
to the east by the passes of the Sapaei and Corpili, and to the west by the great plains of Myrcinus.
Drabescus, and the Strymon, which were 350 stades in length. Not far from the hill of Philippi was
that of Bacchus, which contained the gold mines called Asyla, and eighteen stades from the town were
two other heights eight stades asunder, on the northern of which Brutus placed his camp, and on the
southern Cassius: that of Brutus was protected on the right by rocky hills, and the left of the camp of
Cassius by a marsh. The river Gangas, or Gangites, flowed along the front, and the sea was in the rear.
The camps of the two leaders, although separate, were inclosed within a common entrenchment, and
midway between them was the pass which led like a gate from Europe into Asia 1. The triremes were
at Neapolis, seventy stades distant, and the magazines of provisions in the island of Thasus distant 100
stades.
131
Hesychius Lexicogr.
. ( AS
524 2. Macc. 11,8 AS
213 n . .
. Eur. Phoen. 1490 ASvgn
. .
184
.
. 7a.1.33.17

.
.

1 1 2 1
.2 Epit.

. 7a.1.33.19
.

.

. Epit.

. 7a.1.36.3
. E.
.
.

. .
184
. . -, 1993.. 199.
. . .
, , 7 , 1, 36, 3.
70 .
132

. 185.
. 7a.1.36.5
.
.

. .
.

.
. 7a.1.36.8 .

.
.
.

.

..
. 78.15.3.3

185
comprehended Serres. . CHAPTER XXVI.MACEDONIA. 1 V.
Hunter, Tab. 18. IV. To the same cause may be attributed the existence of the coins of Ossa, an
otherwise obscure town of Bisaltia(PtoIemy, 1. 3, c. 13.) at a time when the royal coinage was very
insignificant. When the kings had made themselves masters of Bisaltia and the other argentiferous
districts, the silver coinage still bore a great resemblance to the autonomous money, though it was
naturally inscribed only with the name of the monarch. At the time when the Bisaltic coins were struck,
the mines of Pangaeum were chiefly in the hands of the Thasii, who had also silver mines of their
own, and hence the beauty and abundance of the early money of Thasus. The other people who,
according to Herodotus, worked the mines of Pangaeum, were the Pieres and Odomanti, but
particularly the Satrae, who bordered on the mountain. None of their money has reached us, but to the
Pangaean silver mines we may trace a large toin of Geta, king of the Edoni, lately published by Mr.
Millingen, the characters on which perfectly agree with the time when the Edoni possessed Drabescus
and the Nine Ways, and had therefore the power of working some of the mines. It is to some unknown
places or people in the same argentiferous districts, that we may attribute a class of coins inscribed
OPPHSKION or OPHSKIQN, and TETAION not AETAIN, as has been supposed by a mistake of
the ancient form of the Gamma for a A, which would refer these coins to Lete of Mygdonia. The
resemblance of the more ancient coins of the Orescii to those of Geta, king of the Edoni is very
remarkable. The smaller and more modern, inscribed OPHSKIAN, have the same type as those of the
TETAION, namely, a satyr carrying ofF a nymph. They seem therefore all to belong to Edonis or its
vicinity; the Satyrs were the Satraj and refer to the worship of Bacchus in the mountains Pangaeum
and Orbelus. (Herodot. 1. 7, c. Ill, v. 970.Eurip.
133
.

. .
;

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. 3b,328,F.44.3 F 146
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De morbis popularibus 5.1.95.1

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136
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186
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1 1 2
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187

MDCCCXXXI. 127 Eneodos, Amphipolis.
Voici son texte: , ,
,
. . Thucyd. Lib. Iv, cap. 102.
188

..dominions comprehended Serres. CHAPTER XXVI.MACEDONIA. Rhes. et Hecub. v.
1267.Pomp. Mela, 1. 2, c. 2,) concerning which Apollodorus (1. 3, c. 5.) has left us
some traditions, showing the connexion between the kings of the Edoni and the fables
of Bacchus and the Satyrs. The Orescii probably inhabited the mountains above
Drabescus, in which was the oracle of Bacchus, one of whose epithets was.--(Anthol.
vol. iii. p. 217, Jac.) It is remarkable, with a general reference to the silver coins of
Macedonia and Thrace, how large a portion of them belonged to places in the vicinity
of silver mines. To those just mentioned, may be added the coins of Acanthus,
Neapolis, Tragilus, Ossa, Bisaltia, Philippi, and those inscribed, which were struck at
Amphipolis after the Roman conquest. In like manner, we trace the gold coins of
Philip to his extensive elaboration of the mines of Crenides. 1 Appian de B. C. 1. 4,
c. 101, et seq. Dion. Cass. 1.47, c. 1, et seq. Plutarch, in Brut
143
.
. 3,1.153.28 .
.
. .
. c. 60, 8 .
.

c. 100 .

.
6
.
BC 4.13.105.16

.
.
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189

Blackwell Publishing Ltd. We do not know much about the reign of Alexander after 479.
What we are left with is pieces of information that give the impression that his
Macedonia was a stable country and attractive to refugees. About 468 the king
accepted the inhabitants of Mycenae, who had been forced by Argos to leave their
country (Paus. 7.25.6). We also know that about 465 Themistocles, running from the
144

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. 4.102.3.1 190

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Athenians, found shelter in Pydna, which belonged to Alexander, from where he set
off to Persia, hiding his identity (Thuc. 1.137.1, Plut., Themistocles 25.2). This fact
does not prove that Alexander had a hostile attitude towards Athens and helped a
fugitive. At the same time what must have been a serious problem in his relations with
the Athenians was their ambitions to control the estuary of the Strymon (the area near
the silver mines on Mount Dysoron), a source of great income for Alexander. In 465
Athenian colonists tried to settle in Ennea Hodoi, where Amphipolis later stood.
These territories did not belong to Alexander, and the settlers opponents were the
local Edonians, supported by other Thracians. The Athenians supposedly also planned
to capture Macedonian territories, which, however, they failed to do. For this reason,
in 462 Cimon was accused of having been bribed by Alexander (Thuc. 1.100.3, Plut.,
Cimon 14.2).42.
190

Blackwell Publishing Ltd. . 530 In the same year the conquest of the Spartan island of Kythera
raised hopes in Athens, but the Spartan Brasidas was able to advance into Thrace with a small force of
mercenaries and helots who, for the first time in Spartan history, served as hoplites. By capturing
Amphipolis and some other poleis he scored a direct hit against Athenian naval supremacy (Thuc.
4.10216). The Spartans made overtures to the Persian Court even before Brasidas campaigns, but
these proved fruitless (Thuc. 4.50). A willingness to come to an arrangement grew steadily in both
poleis. In Athens the hope of victory diminished rapidly, and the Spartan leaders were eager to ransom
the soldiers who had been captured on the island of Sphakteria. In the spring of 423 a one-year
armistice agreement was concluded (Staatsvertrage 183) which was favourable for Athens. It was not,
however, renewed when it expired in 422 because Brasidas did not wish to put his successes in Thrace
in jeopardy in defiance of
orders from the ephors.
145
Georgius Monachus Continuat

Chronicon 859.7
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191
A History of the Classical Greek World. 478323 BC. P. J. Rhodes

2006 by P. J. Rhodes. 60 . Amphipolis. In the Aegean world, after the failure
of earlier attempts (cf. pp. 1920), in 437/6 the Athenians at last succeeded in establishing a colony at
Amphipolis, in an area important for timber and for silver, where the Strymon could be crossed inland
from Eon; again the settlers were a mixture of Athenians and non-Athenians (Thuc. IV. 102. iii, Diod.
Sic. XII. 32. iii, schol. Aeschin. II. Embassy 31 ~ Fornara 62). Hagnon was in charge of the foundation;
and, unusually, he appears to have been venerated there as a hero during his lifetime (Thuc. V. 11. i
with Hornblowers commentary). Amphipolis was to be lost by the Athenians in 424/3, and it was a
cause of great annoyance that they never recovered it (cf. pp. 11112, 114, 299300, 31314).
146
192
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193 .

194
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192

Cousinery.Paris. MDCCCXXXI. . Table des Chapitres. Premier
voyage a Amphipolis, Bolbe, Cercine.Premier visite a Ismail-Bey, gouvermeur de serres pages 139.
193
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS. First published 1992 Fifth printing 2006. . 44 For
Thucydides' next episode we return to the Aegean, and to Athens' pursuit of her own advantage. The
island of Thasos revolted, on account of a dispute over trading posts and mines on the Thracian
mainland, which were controlled by Thasos but coveted by Athens. The Athenians won a sea battle and
landed on the island, and the large number of ten thousand Athenian and allied settlers were sent to
Nine Ways (but were annihilated by the Thracians in a battle at Drabescus, to the north east).
The Thasians appealed to Sparta, and Thucydides believes that the Spartans secretly promised to
distract Athens by invading Attica, but Sparta herself was distracted by the great earthquake and the
Helot Revolt which followed it, and no invasion of Attica took place.36 Sparta
and Athens had not yet quarrelled, and Sparta was shortly to ask for Athenian help against the helots;
194
. . . . . ,
. 1874. . 528 , - 539,
. 540 -.
195

Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Perdiccas assistance to Brasidas campaign was fairly limited. Some of his
friends in Amphipolis were among the plotters who betrayed the city to Brasidas, and he was
personally involved in the defection to Brasidas of Myrcinus on Lake Cercinitis, nearby Drabescus, and
Oesime, across from Thasos (Thuc. 4.103.3, 107.3). Brasidas kept supporting rebellions even when it
meant violating the AthenianSpartan truce of 422. Yet instead of staying and preparing his allies for
the expected Athenian offensive, in particular against Mende, he left to help Perdiccas fight Arrhabaeus
in Lyncus once again. It is clear that neither his mind nor his heart were in this campaign.
Moreover, his taking with him close to 1,000 Peloponnesian hoplites and other
Chalcidian troops weakened the anti- Athenian front in the peninsula.20 However,
with the prospective arrival of the Athenians, Brasidas became vulnerable to pressure
from Perdiccas, whom he wished to keep as an ally.
147
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196. 4.104.4.7 197

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197

Publishing Ltd. Perdiccas assistance to Brasidas campaign was fairly limited. Some of his friends in
Amphipolis were among the plotters who betrayed the city to Brasidas, and he was personally involved
in the defection to Brasidas of Myrcinus on Lake Cercinitis, nearby Drabescus, and Oesime, across
from Thasos (Thuc. 4.103.3, 107.3). Brasidas kept supporting rebellions even when it meant violating
the AthenianSpartan truce of 422. Yet instead of staying and preparing his allies for the expected
Athenian offensive, in particular against Mende, he left to help Perdiccas fight Arrhabaeus in Lyncus
once again. It is clear that neither his mind nor his heart were in this campaign.
Moreover, his taking with him close to 1,000 Peloponnesian hoplites and other
Chalcidian troops weakened the anti- Athenian front in the peninsula.20 However,
with the prospective arrival of the Athenians, Brasidas became vulnerable to pressure
from Perdiccas, whom he wished to keep as an ally.
198
Cousinery.Paris. MDCCCXXXI. . Table des Chapitres. . 251
Amphipolis, Amphipolitains, premier division . 3. Zighna, Angitas,
Amphipolis, Cerdilium, . 31.Amphipolis, Pangee
148
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. . 8. - .. 283-484.
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200 THE CAMBRIDGE ANCIENT HISTORY. SECOND EDITION. VOLUME V. The Fifth Century
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS. First published 1992 Fifth printing 2006. . 145. The first,
the foundation of Amphipolis, has a clear date, the archonyear 437/6 (Diod. xn.32.2; Schol. Aeschin.
n.31, cf. Thuc. iv. 102.3). Athenian eyes had long been fixed on the area where the river Strymon
149

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came down to the sea in a great bend. Now, after the failures of 476 (pp. 412) and 465 (p. 44), the
dream became a reality. Hagnon, who had already served in the Samian War, drove out the Edonians,
built a wall from river to river and founded a great city. The Strymon crossing was in itself worth
controlling, and by 424 the city was already a vital interest for Athens (Thuc. iv. 108.1), for its supplies
of ship timber and its financial resources (that is, principally, the gold mines of Mt Pangaeum).
Ten thousand settlers had been thought appropriate in 465, and we should think of a similar number
now, but we have very little information about how they were made up. The Athenian element was not
large (Thuc. iv. 106.1), and otherwise we only hear specifically of settlers from Argilus (Thuc.
iv.103.3);111 the dialect was the Euboean form of Ionic (Tod, GHI 150), and doubtless Chalcidians
from Thrace were strongly represented. We have next to no information about the constitution.
201
Publishing Ltd. He must have known that there would be a price to pay because the Athenians were
militarily active in the region, and he had already promised to help them in an upcoming campaign
against Chalcidian cities and Amphipolis (Thuc. 4.129.2, 132.1, 5.83.4, IG 13 370). Yet many of his
Chalcidian neighbors were allies of Athens foes, and he apparently regarded the new Spartan- Argive
alliance as a winning combination. Thucydides says that Perdiccas was inclined to break with Athens
on account of his ties to Argos, the homeland of the mythical founder of the Argead dynasty (5.80.2).
If the king was torn between fear of Athens and pressures and the temptation to join
150

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202
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203

Publishing Ltd. They asked the Chalcidian cities, which had a renewable 10- day truce with Athens
(or one that could be terminated on a 10- days notice) to join Perdiccas war against Athens, but surely
few contemporaries were surprised when they refused (Thuc. 5.83.4, 6.7.34). Perdiccas, as realistic as
ever, renewed his alliance with Athens at some point before the summer of 414. The last attested
chapter in the history of his relationship with Athens involved his participation that summer alongside a
Thracian force in an unsuccessful Athenian attempt to recapture Amphipolis (Thuc. 7.9).
155

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204
THE CAMBRIDGE ANCIENT HISTORY. SECOND EDITION. VOLUME VI The Fourth

Century B.C. Edited by D. M. LEWIS F.B.A. Professor of Ancient History in the University of Oxford.
Cambridge University Press 1994. . 466 Cersobleptes might have wished to exercise the high
degree of authority enjoyed by his father. We know far too little as yet about the extent of Odrysian
interests in the coastal areas and the mining districts in particular. In the archaic period the mining
centres of Dysoron, Pangaeum and Daton attracted a large number of coastal, inland and immigrant
communities. More powerful states, Macedon and Athens, were soon drawn into the same orbit.
Sitalces coveted a share but failed. During the fourth century competition for access increased, even
amongst established participants.
156

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Demosthenes [1903], Speeches; Demosthenis.Orationes. ed. S. H. Butcher

(Trustees of Tufts University) [genre: prose; rhetoric][DemosthenesSpeechesGr].
158
206

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207
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208
003 27.1 . VIII. 1 .
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209
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206
207
Amphipolis. The new settlement took the name of Amphipolis (literally, "around the city"), a name
which is the subject of much debates about lexicography. Thucydides claims the name comes from the
fact that the Strymon flows "around the city" on two sides;[4] however a note in the Suda (also given in
the lexicon of Photius) offers a different explanation apparently given by Marsyas, son of Periander:
that a large proportion of the population lived "around the city". However, a more probable explanation
is the one given by Julius Pollux: that the name indicates the vicinity of an isthmus. Furthermore, the
Etymologicum Genuinum gives the following definition: a city of the Athenians or of Thrace, which
was once called Nine Routes, (so named) because it is encircled and surrounded by the Strymon river.
This description corresponds to the actual site of the city (see adjacent map), and to the description of
Thucydides.
208
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2011. . . 31.( , (390-314).
-
, . P.J. RHODES, A History of the Classical World, 478-323 B.C.,
20102, 272 .. . History of Macedonia , passim HESKEL 1997,
passim NIEBERGAL 2004, passim.
169

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.
Wikipedia. Datos (Ancient Greek: ) was an ancient Greek city[1] located in Thrace , located
in the region between the river Strymon and the river Nestos.It was founded by colonists from Thasos
at 360 BC.Datos was founded with the help and support of the Athenian exiled orator,
Kallistratos[2].Datos was close to Mount Pangaion with its rich gold veins and to another Thasian
colony, Krenides.The two colonies provoked the Thracians but at the same time gave Phillip II of
Macedon the justification for penetrating the area and founding Philippi in 356 BC.
215
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was a Greek epic and epigrammatic poet of the 3rd century BC
178
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etc. Magn. s. v.
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219
Demetrius of Amphipolis (Greek: ) (4th century BC) was one of Plato's

students.He is perhaps identical with the person mentioned in Plato's Testament as one of the executors
of his last will.
179
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220

Blackwell Publishing Ltd. . 549 The focus of Athenian interest post-Leuktra was in the Aegean. A
primary goal was to regain Amphipolis, which in 367 made an alliance with the Chalkidian League, a
recent defection from the Athenian League (Cargill 1981: 168). Another goal was to prevent Theban
180
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12.68.3.6 .

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12.68.5.5
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expansion beyond Thessaly and Macedonia. While Sparta clearly was the Thebans main concern they
did not entirely ignore other areas in the mainland. They had been active in the north, chiefly under
Pelopidas, though he was killed in battle in 364 (Diodoros 15.80.16).
181
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12.73.3.10

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16.p.1.13
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16.3.3.6 221 .

221

Publishing Ltd. To achieve this, he had insinuated that he would return the Athenians former colony
Amphipolis to them and withdrew a Macedonian garrison that Perdiccas had installed from it (Diod.
16.3.3). In addition, he gave up any claims to Amphipolis in a peace treaty. It is a matter of
controversy whether he made more promises about it for several years later Demosthenes mentions a
secret pact by which Philip had promised Amphipolis in return for Pydna (2.67). However, as only
the Athenian Assembly could ratify a treaty and it was impossible to keep a matter like this in
democratic Athens secret,6 the alleged pact might either be identical with the peace treaty itself
or, as Theopompus mentions, a group of Athenians tried to persuade Philip to accept such an
exchange
182
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222

Publishing Ltd. An abundant collection of votive reliefs and dedications attests to the importance of the
worship of Artemis. The cult of Artemis had a long history in Macedonia, as is evident from the fact
that Philip II issued small coins (intended for local usage) with a head of Artemis and from Herodotus
183
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statement that Paionian women sacrificed to Artemis Basileia (4.33). Alexander took steps to enrich the
cult of Artemis at Ephesus during his time in that city (Arr. 1.17.10) and seems to have had it in mind
to build a massive temple to Artemis Tauropolos (Worshipped at Tauros or Hunter of Bulls) at
Amphipolis (Diod. 18.4.5). Artemis was most frequently depicted as a huntress and, like Heracles
Cynagidas, served as a tutelary deity in the coming of age process, though for young girls entering the
process rather than young men finishing it. A related practice was the worship of Artemis Eileithyia
(the goddess of childbirth) at Dium.
184
19.50.8.4

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185

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186

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223
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224
Publishing Ltd. Following the losses suffered in the battle, Philip V was only able to raise 500 cavalry
to oppose the Dardanian invasion that followed the defeat (Livy 33.19.3). Thanks to the efforts Philip
V made afterwards, the strength of the Macedonian cavalry during the Third Macedonian War was
3,000 men: the highest for the whole Antigonid period for which we have good records. A law from
Amphipolis concerning the ephebarchos dating from the Roman period (24/3) contains information on
the training carried out in the gymnasia in Amphipolis, including both riding and throwing the javelin
from horseback. A horse-breaker was attached to the service of the epheboi. It would probably be
unsound to believe that this cavalry training was given to all epheboi in the gymnasia in all the cities of
Antigonid Macedonia. The regulations are specific to Amphipolis, and date to a period long after,
187

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196.6
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when ephebic service had ceased to be universal and compulsory but had become restricted to the rich
elite of the citizenry.
188
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225
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS. First published 1992 Fifth printing 2006. . 17 Thucydides,2
son of Olorus of the deme Halimous, born perhaps about 460, was related in some way to Cimon and to
Thucydides son of Melesias.3 Like Cimon, he had Thracian connexions, as is indicated by his father's
name (cf. Hdt. vi.39.3) and his own statement (iv.105.1) that he had possessions in the gold mines east
of the river Strymon which gave him great influence with the mainlanders of that area. Of his early
life we know nothing, but can readily infer his total immersion in the intellectual excitement which the
sophists were bringing to Athens.4 His military career begins and ends for us with his tenure of the
generalship in 424/3 (p. 427 below). After his failure at Amphipolis he was in exile from Athens for
twenty years (v.26.5), and this gave him the opportunity to watch events, not less from the
Peloponnesian side; he says nothing of his ability to watch Athens.
226
A History of the Classical Greek World. 478323 BC. P. J. Rhodes 2006 by P. J. Rhodes. 60
. Thucydides gives a catalogue of episodes in the early history of the League (I.
189

;
.

. 9.4.2 . .

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.

. 10.3.9

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.

. 74.1.1
.

.

98101). Under the command of Cimon (son of the Miltiades who commanded at Marathon in 490)
they captured from the Persians Eon, on the Thracian coast at the mouth of the River Strymon.The
area was important for silver and for ship-building timber, and Plutarch adds the information that Eon
was settled as an Athenian colony (Cim. 7. iii). They captured and the Athenians
settled the north Aegean island of Scyros, occupied by a non-Greek people
called Dolopians, and situated on the grain route from the Black Sea and the
Hellespont to Athens and Plutarch adds that in response to an oracle Cimon
found and brought back to Athens what were said to be the bones of the hero
Theseus (Thes. 36. iiii, Cim. 8. iiivii).
190

. 349.D.4

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Publishing Ltd. South of Lake Kerkinitis are Tragilus and Argilus (plate 2), a colony of Andros. In the
Pangaion area, on the same spot as the later city Amphipolis, stood Ennea Odoi (nine ways),
founded by Paros. Thasos, itself a Parian colony, protected its strategic and economic interests by
founding Neapolis on the Thracian coast opposite and Eion-on-the-Strymon and Galepsus to the
west, nearer to the Strymon river.
192
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Publishing Ltd. Amphipolis (meaning surrounded city that is, by the Strymon) presents another
example of a citys development during the fifth and fourth centuries. Founded by Athens in 437 to
replace Ennea Odoi, its citizens changed their allegiance in 422 when they surrendered the city to the
Spartan Brasidas and were soon successful in gaining full independence from both Spartan and
Athenian supremacy. Amphipolis struck coins presumably from about 370 onwards when Athens
again threatened to retake its
195
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Scholion S-I01129a1. Source: Aristonicus | Herodianus . :

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232
263 Civitas Heracleotarum Heracleia Sintica or the Ancient City at ...C IVITAS
H ERACLEOTARUM . eracleia Sintica or the Ancient City at the Village of Rupite (Bulgaria). The
reason for this scientific announcement is a newly discovered epigraphic monument, from the
village of Rupite (old name Sirbanovo, Muletarovo) near the town of Petrich, Bulgaria. The territory of
this village is the location of one of the most significant archaeological sites in the valley of the Middle
Strouma River. The archaeological excavations of the ancient city, which had existed in this area, reveal
the presence of material mainly from the Hellenistic, Roman and the late antiquity periods. They also
permit the conclusion that the city reached its largest size during the Hellenistic Period, and suggest that
while this same ensemble was supposedly located in the area of the Sintoi, it certainly existed on the
border between the Sintoi and Maidoi (Domaradski 2001, 17, 74-75). Moreover, the archaeological
excavations contribute to the better understanding of the importance of some of the surrounding smaller
monuments of civil or religious nature, including the necropolises. Modern historiography offers three
hypotheses in regard to this particular city's name: Petra, which was located in the tribal lands of the
Maidoi (Milchev 1959, 362), the Orthopolis colony in Macedonian Parorbelia (Gerov 1961, 206) and
Tristolos in the lands of the Sintoi (Papazoglou 1988, 371-376). 194.141.99.213/logos/GetResource?id..
233
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234
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. V. 59 p. 613.

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235
GAZOROS (Ancient city) SERRES . Gasorus. Gazorus (Gasoros, Ptol. iii. 13. 31; Gazoros,
Steph. B.) A town of the Edoni in Macedonia, and, probably, the same place as the Graepo of the
Peutinger Table. Gasorus, therefore, probably stood between Tragilus and Euporia, towards the NW.
end of Mons Pangaeus. http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Per...- --Dictionary of Greek
and Roman Geography (1854) (ed. William Smith, LLD).
236
23-12-2011. 4 . ( ,
), ,
,

237
comprehended Serres. CHAPTER XXVI.MACEDONIA. Rhes. et Hecub. v. 1267.Pomp. Mela, 1. 2, c.
2,) concerning which Apollodorus (1. 3, c. 5.) has left us some traditions, showing the connexion
between the kings of the Edoni and the fables of Bacchus and the Satyrs. The Orescii probably
inhabited the mountains above Drabescus, in which was the oracle of Bacchus, one of whose epithets
was.--(Anthol. vol. iii. p. 217, Jac.) It is remarkable, with a general reference to the silver coins of
Macedonia and Thrace, how large a portion of them belonged to places in the vicinity of silver mines.
To those just mentioned, may be added the coins of Acanthus, Neapolis, Tragilus, Ossa, Bisaltia,
Philippi, and those inscribed, which were struck at Amphipolis after the Roman conquest. In like
manner, we trace the gold coins of Philip to his extensive elaboration of the mines of Crenides. 1
Appian de B. C. 1. 4, c. 101, et seq. Dion. Cass. 1.47, c. 1, et seq. Plutarch, in Brut
204

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"Excerpta Polyaeni e codice Tacticorum Florentino ..."
210

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241
242
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;

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243
.

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236 . .
241
Botsford & Robinson. . . Donald Kagan. MIET 1979.

. . 185, 236, 238, 254, 314, 343, 345, 446. . 185, 192, 236, 327, 343-344,
498.. 146, 188-185, 236.
242
Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Amphipolis in Thrace 28, 78, 88, 89, 94, 236, 373 4, 488, 517, 530, 531,
549, 553, 554, 555, 557.
243
Donald Kagan. . . . 2004. .
258, 260-261, 263-267, 269, 272-279, 286, 288-289, 295, 298, 303, 305-306, 318, 357, 423, 474.
211
. 346.8

244 .

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. 363.5
1
.2

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10.274.1
. quaestio cod. Leid. f. 211b,

. v. Phil. XVIII, p. 350, ad 262 pertinet.

.
244

Ian Worthington. A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication This edition first published
2010. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Inscriptions refer to anonymous bishops of Edessa,
Amphipolis and Heraclea Lyncestis as well as Alexander from Thasos, Hermias
from Bargala, Eustathius and Philip from Stobi and John from Heraclea Lyncestis.
Literary texts provide a few additional names of bishops, mostly from Thessaloniki.
Inscriptions add color and detail to Christian communities and daily life. Of the 285
inscribed texts collected by
Feissel from Macedonia, 272 come from the cities of Edessa, Beroia, Dium,
Thessaloniki, Amphipolis, Philippi, Thasos, Heraclea Lyncestis, Stobi and Bargala,
and they provide a view into the life of urban communities. The vast majority of
inscriptions were in Greek and Feissel includes only 10 in Latin. The authors of a
number of epitaphs attempted to write verse with mixed success.
Feissel, Recueil, no. 2 (Edessa), no. 215 (Amphipolis), no. 271 (Heraclea), no. 254
(Thasos), no. 283 (Bargala), no. 274 (Philip, Stobi), no. 266 (Heraclea, ambiguous
monogram). For John at Heraclea, see IG pars II Inscriptiones Macedoniae,
fasciculus II (Inscriptiones Macedoniae Septentrionalis), no. 149. Feissel, Recueil,
includes inscriptions of Precticius at Serres (no. 209) and Domninus from Mount
Athos (no. 208).
212

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9/1977. . 1983. 123-146.
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NICETAS CHONIATES Hist., Scr. Eccl. et Rhet. vel Nicetas Acominatus. (A.D. 12-13: Choniates,
Constantinopolitanus). Historia (= ), ed. J. van Dieten, Nicetae Choniatae historia,
pars prior [Corpus fontium . Byzantinae. 11.1. Series Berolinensis. Berlin: De Gruyter,
1975]: 1-635, 637-655.
.
257
Cousinery.Paris. MDCCCXXXI. . Table des Chapitres. Des
environs de Serres, Strymon p. 204, 211, Deux inscriptions decouvertes a Serres225, 270, Vue des
ruines de cette ville, prise de celles de certilium p. 134 fac simile, trouvees a Serres ,
. . 1, Chapitere X. Serres, Zighna et par Drame, Apres avoir demeur plusieurs jours a
Serres, Mont Munichion, Sarmousak Kieui, village de l Ail nousCercineSerres et de celui de
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From Wikipedia. Etymologicum Magnum (Greek: ) (standard abbreviation

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lexicographer around 1150 AD.
236
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des Byzantinoslavica VI. Prague 1935. - 1936. Andre
Guillou. Les archives des Saint-Jean-Prodrome, sur le mont Menecee, Paris 1955.
... . Hammer I, 110. Jirecek. Geschichte der Serben, . 439.
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CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS. First published 1992 Fifth printing 2006. . 13-14 A vital
clue comes from elsewhere in Thucydides' work. In iv. 102.2-3 it is asserted that the first attempt to
settle the site of Amphipolis was made by Aristagoras of Miletus (cf. CAH iv2. 48 5-6), that the
Athenians came thirty-two years later and met with disaster at Drabescus (cf. 1.100.3 and p. 46
below), but came again in the 27th year under Hagnon and finally founded Amphipolis (see p. 145
below). In what terms these time-intervals came to Thucydides we cannot know. Fortunately, we
have a date for Hagnon's foundation, 437/6, twice transmitted, once apparently from an Atthis (Schol.
Aeschin. 11.31), once from Diodorus' chronological source (xn.3250). The disaster at Drabescus
consequently belongs about 465/4,51 with uncertainty about the correlation between
the archon-year for Amphipolis and whatever form of year Thucydides.. is using, and this should also
give us an approximate date for the neighbouring events, the revolt of Thasos (p. 44 below) and the
beginning of the Helot Revolt (pp. 1089 below).
268
Blackwell Publishing Ltd. . 89 To the west, the foundation of Thourioi in the toe of Italy in 444/3
was another Athenian project which was opened to all Greece, and the most conspicuous evidence of a
move to expand Athenian influence in this direction of which there are hints as early as the year of
Salamis, when Herodotos (8.62) makes Themistokles, who had named two of his daughters Sybaris and
Italia (Plutarch Themistokles 32), threaten a complete withdrawal of the Athenians to Siris, which
according to certain oracles was destined to be colonized by them. Athens had also begun to make
alliances in the region: the inscriptions which supply the evidence are unfortunately all problematic to
interpret, particularly that recording an alliance with Egesta (which was to play an important role in
precipitating the Athenian expedition to Sicily in 415).
269
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reserve ("wenn"), Decev (p.17) admits that the name is Thracian and that it could be
the original translated by "Nine roads". It is hard to decide wether it is so
indeed or it would come from gr. + Drama, the name of the town nearby. In any
case, it is a compound from ana+draym(os) where the second formant is a derivative
from dram-yo-s.
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285

Blackwell Publishing Ltd. . 555 Following his victory over the Illyrians Philip took control of the
western Macedonian cantons of Orestis and Lynkos (Diodoros 16.8.1; Ellis 1994a: 733). He also
married Olympias, the daughter of a Molossian leader and later the mother of Alexander the Great
(Plutarch Alexander 2.16). By these two moves Philip secured the border and key passes to the west
of his kingdom while adding more population and resources. In similar and soon to be typical fashion,
Philip married Philinna of the Aleuadai family of Larisa in 358 to strengthen his ties within Thessaly
(Plutarch Alexander 10.1; cf. Athenaios 557BE) In the east the Athenians had their hands full with the
Social War and Philip took full advantage. In 357 he captured Amphipolis after a brief siege. He soon
added Pydna (Demosthenes; 20.63), Poteidaia, and Methone (Demosthenes 5), as well as all the
Thracian territory between the Strymon and Nestos rivers, including the city of Krenides (which he
renamed Philippoi). The latter gave him access to the prolific gold and silver mines in the region
around Mount Pangaion and dramatically improved the kingdoms financial footing (Diodoros 16.8.6
7). That same year (356) marked the birth of an heir, Alexander, and saw Philips entry in the fourhorse chariot race at Olympia victorious (Plutarch Alexander 3.89; Borza 1990: 21016). . 557
With this key route into Greece in Philips hands the Athenians panicked and took measures to protect
Attika from imminent invasion (Aischines 3.80). Even when Philip did not invade, the Athenians
regretted the Peace. They were uneasy about the treatment of the Phokians, their long-time ally in the
Sacred War and who had surrendered when Athens had made peace with Philip. They also repented
giving up any claim to Amphipolis as the agreement had demanded. Though the two sides refrained
from active hostilities the Peace of Philokrates almost immediately became a dead letter. When Philip
made alliances in the Peloponnese designed to keep Sparta weak he displaced Thebes in this role
the Athenians began to try to stir up opposition to Philip in Greece (Aischines 2.79; Demosthenes
19.1011, 3036). Philip offered to make a Common Peace (koine eirene) open to all Greek states. The
Athenians revived their demand for Amphipolis and renewed their military support of tribes hostile to
Philip in the north Aegean. Campaigning in the Chersonese and Propontis in 340, Philip laid siege
unsuccessfully to Perinthos and Byzantion, which were aided by Athens and Persia. He did, however,
capture the Athenian grain fleet, and the Athenians formally renounced the Peace of Philokrates
(Diodoros 16.757). A year later the Amphiktyonic Council, with the Athenians and Thebans
abstaining, declared war on Amphissa, a town near Delphi (Demosthenes 14353; Aischines 3.113
29). In anticipation of Philips advance into central Greece Demosthenes engineered an alliance with
Athens neighbor and long-time enemy Thebes (Diodoros 16.85.12). After settling affairs in
Amphissa Philip took his army to Boiotia, where he met and defeated a combined Athenian and
Theban force at Chaironeia in 338 (Diodoros 16.856; Polyainos 2.7; Frontinus Strategemata 2.1.9).
258
. 3.184.2
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286

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Philip treated the Athenians leniently, dissolving what was left of their Sea League but allowing them
to keep their navy, perhaps expecting to put it to use in his upcoming invasion of Asia Minor (Diodoros
15.87.3; Borza 1990: 21625; Ellis 1994b: 77381; Sealey 1993: 1948).
286
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146, 183-185, 236.
290
. . -, 1993. . 46,
77, 78, 93, 127, 129, 170, 199, 199, 203, 206, 207, 210. .
291
Geographie Ancienne de La Macedoine. Par Th. Desdevisea-Du-Dezert. Paris

1863. . 75 Thraces. . 77 Odryses, 82 Odomantes , 79 Sintiens, . 90 Bisaltes,
97, 101 Peoniens. . 109 Doberes, 111 Peoniens du Pangee. . 111 Peoniens du
lac Prasias. . 388 Bisaltes, Sintes, . 394 Odomantes, Edoniens.
292
. . .
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PERDRIZET, Cultes et mythes du Pange, /Nancy, 1910. , .
,
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, 20-23 2001, 2004,
264

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867-869 [] .
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Cousinery.Paris. MDCCCXXXI. . . 24 Cercine, Pangee, . 26 pierie et au
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303
Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Telling of the Ionian Revolt, Herodotus causes the Persian commander
Megabazus to confront Darius with the risk in allowing Histiaeus of Miletus to fortify Myrcinus
on the River Strymon: The site, with its silver mines, and abundance of timber for building ships and
making oars, is a very valuable one (5.23). The dramatic date of the conversation is about 500, but
Herodotus presumably transfers into the past the concerns of Athenian contemporaries. In 424/3, the
Athenian city of Amphipolis, a near neighbour of Myrcinus, was captured by the Spartans. According
to Thucydides the Athenians were greatly alarmed: The place was [] useful because it supplied
timber for shipbuilding and brought in revenue (4.108). That usefulness might be
projected back to the foundation of Amphipolis in 437/6, and possibly its failed predecessor
Ennea Hodoi (about 465). Cimon, the local Athenian commander, was supposedly prosecuted in 462,
though acquitted, for having failed to seize Macedonian territory (Plut., Cimon. 14.23).
271

. 5.98.5 .

6
.
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Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Herodotus brief account mentions that Megabazus received an order to
272

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305
. 7.108.9
.

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. 7.113.4

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. 7.113.8

.

conquer the whole of Thrace and so he set out to bring every city and every people under Persian
control. As a result of his campaigns, probably carried out in 512 and 511, he was said to have
subjugated all peoples including the Macedonians (Hdt. 6.44.1). Elsewhere, however, Herodotus
indicates that as a result of the campaigns only a strip of the coast was subdued (5.10). Control over the
coast was definitely the centre of the Persians attention, as is evidenced by the fact that
military garrisons were placed in strongholds at Doriscus and later also at Eion.
305
Publishing Ltd. Herodotus, however, does not mention their participation in Cimons attack on the
Persian base at Eion, situated near the place where Amphipolis later stood in 476/5. Although it cannot
be excluded that Alexander decided to openly confront the Persians, it is just as likely that he adopted a
more cautious strategy, which he later attempted to hide (Hdt. 7.107, Plut., Cimon 7.12).
273
306

.

.
. 7.114.3

.

.

.

. 7.115.1 307 .

.

.

. 8.116.1 .

.
306
, .
. . 1837. .
. . 7. 113.
307
Publishing Ltd. In 371 Amyntas joined his signature to those of many other Greeks in a common
peace that promised to help Athens regain Amphipolis or so Aeschines claimed in 346 (2.33233). An
Athenian Amphipolis was hardly in Macedonias interest, but even if Aeschines was correct the king
could surely tell the difference between the practical and declared value of agreements. It is hard
to know what he got in return. Years later, Athenian speakers who wished to make his son Philip
morally indebted to Athens reminded him of favors done to Amyntas, but without ever specifying what
they were (Aes. 2.26, [Dem.] 7.1112). Between 374 and 371 Amyntas also formed an alliance with
the powerful Thessalian ruler Jason of Pherae, who gave him cities in the Perrhaebia region between
Thessaly and Macedonia. It is possible that Amyntas bartered timber and his Larissan friends for the
security of his southern border.
274

.

. 8.118.3
.
.

.
.

. 8.118.6

.
.

. 8.1.8

.

.

.
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275
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.

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. 183.3 308
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.

308
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS. First published 1992 Fifth printing 2006. . 42 Depriving the
Persians of their European outpost at Eion was clearly a proper act for the Delian League; but the
Athenian colony there, and the attempted colony at Nine Ways (finally established as Amphipolis, in
437/6), would primarily benefit Athens. Nine Ways was at an important crossing of routes, and the area
had gold and silver deposits and suitable timber for shipbuilding. It is doubtful if the attack on Scyros
was justified as an anti-Persian measure: one Scyrian had helped the Persian navy to locate and mark a
dangerous reef in 480 (Hdt. vni.183.3), but that is Herodotus' only reference to Scyros.
276

.
.184.5 .
. .

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.
.
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The geography of Herodotus: illustrated from modern researches and ...

-books.google.com James Talboys Wheeler London. 1854. . 123 the Angires,
and the strymon(or Struma). . 124 Between the Angites and the Strymon were the
Odomanti, and west- ward on the Strymon was the territory of Bisaltia
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:
University Press 1994. . 453 III. ATHENS, AMPHIPOLIS AND
THRACE IN THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR PERIOD. The Athenians
revived their exploration of northern strategic interest during the 440s and
430s, and redoubled their efforts to establish a personal stake on the
Thracian mainland, both in the lucrative mining regions of the lower
Strymon and Angites valleys, and in the Straits. Brea, known from an
inscription but difficult to locate, was founded in a more co-operative
spirit with the native inhabitants than any previous Athenian colony. This
might be the cleruchy lodged in the land of the Bisaltians according to
Plutarch's Life of Pericles 11.5 (Theop. FGrH 115 F 145; Hesychius and
Steph. Byz. s.v. Brea).17 Real success came only with Amphipolis (437
B.C.), a prime strategic site situated on a hill in a bend of the river
Strymon, just south of Enneahodoi (identified with Hill
133 north east of the city: Thuc. iv. 106; 108.1; V . I I . I ; Diod. xii.32.5;
313
www.protiserron.gr
284
68.2; schol. Aesch. 11.31-4; Polyaen. vi.53; Harpocrat. s.v. Amphipolis;

Steph. Byz, s.v. Hagnoneia).18 Excavations conducted at the site since
1956 have as yet revealed little of the fifth century, though it was
conceived on ambitious lines and bristled with fortifications from the
start.
: 5 ..
.
. 7.113.7

.
314
315316

.

314

Cramer. Oxford MDCCCXXVIII. . 303. Phyllis That part of Edonis situated to the north of mount.
1 Mannert, Geogr. t. VII. p. 232. Pangaeum was named Phyllis, according to Herodotus : it was
bounded by the river Angites, or Gan- Angites fl. gites, to the north, and the Strymon to the west and
south. (VII. 114.) The Angites, now Anghista, rises in the mountains north of the Edones, and falls into
the Palus Cercinitis, formed by the waters of the Strymon. The Odomanti were a people contiguous to
the Edones, and apparently intermixed with them, since Ptolemy describes Edonis, or Odo- Edonis vei
mantice, as the same district. The Odomanti, how- tice regio. ever, as we learn from Herodotus, were
Paeonians; and they were not conquered by the Persians. (V. 6.) Thucydides mentions Polles king of
the Odomanti, who was to join Cleon with a large body of mercenaries before Amphipolis. (V. 6. Cf.
II. 101.) Nearer the Strymon we must place the Siropaeones Siropaeonoticed by Herodotus. (V. 15.
and 98.) Their prin-"68" cipal town was Siris, where Xerxes left a portion of sins, his sick on his retreat
from Greece. (VIII. 115. Cf. Steph. Byz. v. E/Jwf.) Livy, however, says that Siris belonged to the
Odomanti. P. aemilius received there a deputation from king Perseus after the battle of Pydna. (XLV.
4.) It is now called Serres.
315
Cousinery.Paris. MDCCCXXXI. . Visite au monastere de Saint-Jean Prodromos p.
212, 224, Dessn d un bas-relief satirique trouve a Anphipolis p.125, . 5. Alistrati, Angitas, . 23.
Angitas, Cerdilium, Strymon, Andhista, Cercine, . 33. Anghista, Pravista, Pangee, Amphipolis,
Cercine. . 45. Chapitre XIAngitas, Bisaltique, . 50. Ali-Strati, Cercine, Anghista, Angitas,
. 51. Angitas, Cercine, Pangee, Angista, Drabesque, Strymon, Cosfinitsa.
316
MDCCCXXXI. Tome Deuxieme. Angitas 45, Angitas, Strymon, Bisaltique, Grestonie 60.
285
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Ian Worthington. A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication This edition first published 2010. 2010
Blackwell Publishing Ltd. This would date the main body of the Aesillas coins to the period of the wars
against Mithradates VI of Pontus (three consecutive wars fought 8885, 8382, and 7464), and in
addition production patterns confirm that this sequence, as an intense period of striking, would
have been followed by a more sporadic one. Coins from the same obverses and reverses as the
specimen illustrated here are known from the Siderokastro hoard of 1961,80 located about 20 km from
the Bulgarian border close to Lake Prasias at the Strymon river in north-eastern Greece.
322
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comprehended Serres. . CHAPTER XXVI.MACEDONIA. 1
Consistently with this re- a Thucyd. 1. 2, c. 96. mark of Herodotus, we find that Aristot. Meteor. 1.
1, c. 13. the tetradrachms of Alexander 3 Arrian. De Exp. Alex. 1, I. are some of the earliest coins, 1, c.
1. of that size, in the Macedonian series. in which he describes the march of Xerxes through Pieria and
Paeonia, seems to leave no doubt as to the Prasias; for in the latter he states that the Doberes and
Paeoplae inhabited the country northward of Mount Pangaeum 1, these being precisely the tribes
whom he had before associated with the inhabitants of the lake Prasias. In reference to the former
passage it may incidentally be remarked, that as the people who were able to resist Megabyzus were
the mountaineers and the dwellers on the lake, the Paeoplae like the SiroPaeones, probably occupied
some portion of the plain which was not exactly on the banks of the lake. The Doberes seem to have
shared Mount Pangaeum with the Paeonians and Pieres, and dwelt probably on the northern side of it,
where in the time of the Roman Empire there was a mutatio, or place for changing horses, called
Domeros, between Amphipolis and Philippi, 13 M.P. from the former, and 19 M.P. from the latter2.
As to Mount Dysorum, if we suppose Herodotus to have referred not so much to the Macedonia of the
reign of Amyntas, when Megabyzus invaded Paeonia, as to the extent of the kingdom in the time of his
grandson Perdiccas, which was that of the historian himself, when Mygdonia, Bisaltia, Anthemus and
Crestonia had been added to the kingdom3: it then becomes credible, that Alexander the First wrought
some mines in the Bisaltic mountain which is separated only from Mount Pangaeum by the pass of
Amphipolis, and that the further continuation of that mountain towards the modern Sokho, may have
been the ancient Dysorum. That the Bisaltae, before they were annexed to the kingdom of Macedonia,
possessed silver mines, may be strongly presumed from the tetradrachm with the legend
BISALTIK0N1 Herodot. 1. 7, c. 113. * Itin. Hierosol. p. 604. Wess. * Thucyd. 1. 2, c. 99.
324
THE CAMBRIDGE ANCIENT HISTORY. SECOND EDITION. VOLUME VI The Fourth
Century B.C. Edited by D. M. LEWIS F.B.A. Professor of Ancient History in the University of Oxford.
Cambridge University Press 1994. . 452 The Edoni succeeded in retaking it by ambush (schol.
Aeschin. 11.34) and, at the nearby site of Drabescus, destroyed, with the help of neighbouring
Thracians, an Athenian force of 10,000 under the leadership of Leagrus and Sophanes, which attempted
to recolonize Enneahodoi in 465 (Hdt. ix.75; Thuc. 1.100.3; iv.102.2; Diod. xi.70.5; xn.68.2; Paus.
1.29.4-5). 13 Nevertheless, they can only have been obtained with the co-operation of the local
Thracian tribes, particularly the Edonians, Pierii, Odomanti and Satri (Hdt. vn.112). Such cooperation is confirmed by the existence of a joint Thraco-Macedonian minting standard, which was
used by many local mints of Chalcidice and the north Aegean coast, by Thasos and her colony
Neapolis, Aegae for its own and Macedonian regal issues, and also by a host of greater and lesser
native tribes, both Paeonian (Letaei, Laeaei) and Thracian (Bisalti, Edoni, Orescii, Derrones, Zaeelii)
some of which are only known to have existed from their coinage.
291

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327
THE CAMBRIDGE ANCIENT HISTORY. SECOND EDITION. VOLUME VII

PART I The Hellenistic World. Edited by F. W. WALBANK F.B.A. Emeritus
Professor, formerly Professor of Ancient History and Classical Archaeology,
University of Liverpool Cambridge University Press 1984. . 225 Certainly
Macedonia never attained anything like the level of wealth found in Egypt and some
other Hellenistic states; a hundred years later, in 168, the land tax brought in only a
little over 200 talents a year.5 There were of course other sources of national wealth
besides agriculture and pasturage. The still extensive forests (furnishing timber and pitch, both essential
for ship-building), the silver mines of Mt Pangaeum and a little
294

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gold were all capable of contributing to the wealth of the kingdom once conditions were stable.
Whether mines and forests were a royal monopoly is not clear. There was certainly ' king's land' out of
which domains were granted; but on the conditions of land tenure in Macedonia the sources tell us
virtually nothing.
328
Aeliani de natura animalium: libri xvii, 1. Aelian,Friedrich Jacobs.
295
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Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon. , ta/ (sg. v. infr.
111; for the accent v. Hdn.Gr.1.357), A. halfdeck at the stern of a ship,
Il.15.676; [] Od.12.414;
(i.e. from the prow) ib.229; 3.353;
B.16.83: wrongly expld. by Eust. as = in
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MDCCCXXXI. Tome Deuxieme. Pangee Bertiscus 145. Cousinery .
Vouage dans La Macedoine, Par M.E.R. Cousinery.Paris. MDCCCXXXI. Tome Deuxieme. Vouage
Cavala, Galepsus, Pangee 85, Reunion de plusieurs catalogues..Pangee, Bertiscus 166.
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Blackwell Publishing Ltd. According to Herodotus 5.15, Megabazus defeated the Paeonians, a tribe
inhabiting the vast area between Axios and Strymon. The Persians forced many Paeonians to
settle in Asia Minor and subjugated and partly displaced the Siriopaeones, the Paeoplae and the
remaining Paeonians, who inhabited the territories up to Lake Prasias. It seems that the inhabitants of
settlements around Lake Prasias, as well as Mount Pangaion, Doberes, Agrianes and Odomantes,
remained out of Persian control.17 After the outbreak of the Ionian Revolt in 499, the Persian control
of the Strymon valley must have been completely illusory. The actions of Aristagoras, the tyrant of
Miletus and one of the leaders of the rebellion, may be evidence of this. When the
revolt died down, he reckoned that it would be safe for him to find shelter at Myrcinus
on the Strymon river, which Darius formerly had given to Histiaeus. The Persians
were unable to stop him from settling there and ruling the area. What is more,
Aristagoras reportedly helped some of the Paeonians deported to Asia to return home
(Hdt. 5.98). His rule was only ended by the Thracians when he tried to expand his
territory at their expense (Hdt. 5.124, 126). When the revolt in Ionia was stifled, Persian power in
Europe was restored by Mardonius in 492. Herodotus claims that the targets of the expedition were
Athens and Eretria but his opinion has been questioned. Mardonius first target was Thasos, which e
captured with the help of his fleet. Then he lost many of his ships while sailing around Mount Athos,
while the land forces, after reaching Macedonia, suffered during difficult battles against the Briges.
311
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Persians) that they had already (6.44.1).
312

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Vettius Valens Astrol.
Vettius Valens (February 8, 120 c. 175) was a ... The Anthology is the
longest and most detailed treatise on astrology which has survived from
that period..
Anthologiarum libri ix 347.27

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University Press 1994. . 452 Aegean, the most important tribes of the
lower Strymon valley the Pierii, Bisalti and Edoni - who had been
driven out of their original homelands in lower Macedonia between the
seventh and sixth centuries, came under increasing pressure from
Macedon in the reign of Alexander I, who may even have held the
Edonian stronghold, Enneahodoi,fora short time, although our only
source is pro-Macedonian ([Dem.] The Edoni succeeded in retaking it by
ambush (schol. Aeschin. 11.34) and, at the nearby site of Drabescus,
destroyed, with the help of neighbouring Thracians, an Athenian force of
10,000 under the leadership of Leagrus and Sophanes, which attempted to
recolonize Enneahodoi in 465 (Hdt. ix.75; Thuc. 1.100.3; iv.102.2; Diod.
xi.70.5; xn.68.2; Paus. 1.29.4-5). The Athenians were trying to keep
Alexander I, who already had the silver mines of Dysoron in Paeonia at
his disposal (Hdt. v. 17.2), away from the gold and silver mines, hitherto
monopolized by the Thasians (Hdt. vi.46), in the area of Daton on the
mainland of Thrace. The Athenians themselves were prepared to go to
war with their ally Thasos in order to secure these resources (Thuc.
1.100.2; 101.13; Diod. xi.70; Plut. Cim. 14.2; Themist. 25.2; Nep. Cim.
2.5).12 The precise nature of Thasian mining rights on the Thracian
mainland and the identity of the Thasian mine at Skapte Hyle have long
been
controversial.13 Nevertheless, they can only have been obtained with the
co-operation of the local Thracian tribes, particularly the Edonians,
Pierii, Odomanti and Satri (Hdt. vn.112). Such co-operation is confirmed
by the existence of a joint Thraco-Macedonian minting standard,
which was used by many local mints of Chalcidice and the north Aegean
coast, by Thasos and her colony Neapolis, Aegae for its own and
Macedonian regal issues, and also by a host of greater and lesser native
tribes, both Paeonian (Letaei, Laeaei) and Thracian (Bisalti, Edoni,
Orescii, Derrones, Zaeelii) some of which are only known to have
existed from their coinage.
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THE CAMBRIDGE ANCIENT HISTORY. SECOND EDITION. VOLUME IV Persia, Greece and
the Western Mediterranean. C. 525 tO 479 B.C. Edited by JOHN BOARDMAN F.B.A. Lincoln
Professor of Classical Archaeology and Art in the University of Oxford. N. G. L. HAMMOND
F.B.A. Professor Yimeritus of Greek University of Bristol. Cambridge University Press 1988.
. 245 held out successfully in 511 B.C. and did not figure in Xerxes' forces were 'the Paeonians
around Mt Pangaeum, Doberes, Agrianes, Odomanti and Lake Prasias (Butkova)' (v.16.1); these
lived mainly in the Strymon valley above the Rupel pass.10 In such a satrapy the centre lay in the
Central Plain of the Hebrus valley with main lines of communication to the Danube valley, the Black
Sea coast, and Doriscus
360
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361
,
, 451. el.orthodoxwiki.org
362
Cramer. Oxford MDCCCXXVIII. Ptolemy ascribes to the Sinti two other towns. Parthicopolis, as
Wesseling contends it should be Parthicowritten, and not Paroecopolis, in the notes to Hiero-poils"
cles, p. 69 ; where he observes, that this confusion of names is of frequent occurrence, and quotes the
Acts of the Council of Chalcedon, in which mention is made of a bishop of Parthicopolis. Tristolus
isTnstoius. See oil this subject Gatte- P The coins of Heraclea Sinrer Comment. Soc. Gotting. tica are
very numerous. Sestini A. 1784. t. VI. p. 53. Mon. Vet. p. 37.
342
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Amphipolis. Amphipolis became one of the main stops on the Macedonian royal road (as testified
by a border stone found between Philippi and Amphipolis giving the distance to the latter), and later on
the Via Egnatia, the principal Roman Road which crossed the southern Balkans. Apart from the
ramparts of the lower town (see photograph), the gymnasium and a set of well-preserved frescoes from
a wealthy villa are the only artifacts from this period that remain visible. Though little is known of the
349
367 (146 -1. ..) - ,

. . .

: 1. , 2. , 3. , 4. , 5.
, 6. , 7. , 8. ,
.
368
.
layout of the town, modern knowledge of its institutions is in considerably better shape thanks to a rich
epigraphic documentation, including a military ordinance of Philip V and an ephebarchic (?) law from
the gymnasium. After the final victory of Rome over Macedonia in a battle in 168 BC, Amphipolis
became the capital one of the four mini-republics, or merides, which were created by the Romans out
of the kingdom of the Antigonids which succeeded Alexanders Empire in Macedon. These 'merides'
were gradually incorporated into the Roman client state, and later province, of Thracia.
367
De via military Romanirum Egnatia, qua Illyricum, Macedonia et Thracia. Scripsit Theophilus Luc.
Fridericus Tafel, Tubingae, 1842. . The Via Egnatia (Greek: ) was a road
constructed by the Romans in the 2nd century BC. It crossed the Roman provinces of Illyricum,
Macedonia, and Thrace, running through territory that is now part of modern Albania, the Republic of
FYROM, Greece, and European Turkey. . IX Via Egnatia cirea Strymonem et
Christopolis (Cavalam), Thessalonicensium. IX Cum vero prope ad Strymonem venisaet, via
puplica relicta (volebat) Strymonemque(prope Serras) tranagresseus. XIX Idem ibid. cap.53.
Crenidas fodinaeAd radices vero montis alius est ingens pagus, Serine dictus. . .
Sideroscapta, coll. Voce graeca . XX
, Strymonem et Stagiram.. Num loquitur de Zigna,
Turcarum urbe, ex oriente lacus CercineNamque Marmara relicta venit Serraw, hinc Tricam
(Zignam?). XXII in latere ostiorum Strymonis sinistro positam. Ubi Amphipolin, ea ab urbe
Macedonum Serrae non diversa est. . XXIII Esse tamen Anghista poterit, Philippis
etiampropior . XXIV , Num fuit Angites(Andschista),
an Zygactes. . XXXIV Prave(Prava), Orfen (Orfan, Orfano)wo sich der Orfan(Strymon,
Struma) . XXXVII sunt Prasias et bolbeminorem (Prasiadem) collRoudinam (Rentinam)
illustravi in . XL. Langadahgolfe StrymoniqueBertiscusBromiscusRontine, on va
passer le Strymon a sa sortie du lac de HakinosCercineAmphipolis. XLI Hakinos, Drama,
d Angista, Pounar-Dag, Scomius, Prava, Amphipolis. Celle de Seres a Amphipolis se derige au
sund, cotoie le lac de Hakinos. XLII Le port d Eion, situe au-dessous d AmphipolisOn pass
le le Strymon devant Yeni-keuid Orfano, dont la rade feraine sert au-jourd hai, comme celle de
Rontine, de port Seres. . XLIII et Octave occupait avec Antoine ceux qui conduisent a prava et a
Amphipolis. . LI wue la ville de bromisqueAmphipoliscelles d Eione du Strymon . LI
Recte Eionis rutera in sinistra Strymonis ora
368
THE CAMBRIDGE ANCIENT HISTORY SECOND EDITION VOLUME VIII Rome and the
Mediterranean. to 133 B.C. Edited by A. E. ASTIN. Professor of Ancient History, The Queen's
University, Belfast. F. W. WALBANK F.B.A. Cambridge Univeisity Press 1989. . 318 with its
capital at Amphipolis, comprised mainly the areas between the Rivers Strymon and Nessus, with some
additions to the east of the Nessus (but excluding Aenus, Maronea and Abdera) and to the west of
the Strymon (Basaltica with Heraclea Sintice). The second had Thessalonica as its capital and ran
(with the aforementioned exceptions) from the Strymon to the Axius, taking in eastern Paeonia and all
Chalcidice. The third was based upon Pella and stretched from the Axius to the Peneus, incorporating
Edessa, Beroea and western Paeonia. The fourth took in the wilder region across Mt Bora to the
borders of Epirus and Illyria; its capital is given by Livy as Pelagonia (xLV.29.9). The four
350

.

.
. :
44.1. : 1.
, 2. , 3. , 4. , 5. , 6.
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, 2. , 3. , 4. ,
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, 3. , 4. , 5. , 6. , 7.
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44.4. : 1.
, 2. , 3. 369, 4. , 5. , 6.
, 7. , 8. , .
republics were to befirmlyseparate entities. Intermarriage across boundaries was not permitted, and
ownership of land and buildings in more than one of the parts was prohibited. Only the Dardanians
were allowed to import salt.
369
, , 452/51
.., .
451/0 .. 447 ..,
443/2 .. 435/4, 433/2 432/1 ,
. 430/429 ..,
429/428 .. 4 . ..
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370
. 9/1977.
. 1983. 123-146.
. .
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. 1976,
90. N. Hammond .
a history of Macedonia I. . 192-194.
.
311.C.9 .

.
.

.
.
. orica 31.8.8.6
.

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. 3,1.78.1

.
p. 669 6 6 .
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373
Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Closest to the Axios, the region known as Crestonia is gently rolling as it
makes a gradual ascent to Lake Doiran. The area contains a fertile basin as well as a larger expanse of
thickly forested high land. On the west side of the Strymon river lived the Bisaltae in a landscape
similar to that of Crestonia with mountains such as Kerdylion that is snow- covered in winter. Even the
higher plains have winter snow, although in other seasons they provide good pasture land. Some
mountains are excellent sources of metals: Dysorum for silver in the north and Pangaeum for gold in
the south. Diodorus 16.8.67 says that the potential wealth from Pangaeum was recognized by Philip II
who: went to the city of Crenides and having increased its size with a large number of inhabitants,
changed its name to Philippi, giving it his own name, and then turning to the gold mines in the
territory, which were very scanty and insignificant
354
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Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Communication between Thrace and Macedonia is not difficult as the
Persians recognized and used to their advantage in 481. As Herodotus recounts, starting from
Doriscus, the Persian force crossed the dried- up channel of the Lisus river moving past Greek towns of
Maroneia, Dicaea and Abdera where it crossed the Nestus river (7.108130). Approaching the
Strymon, the Pangaeum range was on the right, and beyond the Strymon the army entered Bisaltia,
continuing on to Acanthus on the eastern peninsula of the Chalcidice where the canal had been
constructed. The fleet was sent on to the western peninsula while the land force continued through
Paeonia and Crestonia to the Echedorus river. When the forces reassembled they were so numerous
that they occupied the coast from Therme to the Ludias and the Haliacmon rivers (Hdt. 7.127).
356
.
.
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. 31.8.8.6 .

375
376

. 3,1.78.1

375

Cramer. Oxford MDCCCXXVIII. (Strab. Epit. VII. p. 331. et X. p. 457. XII. p. 549. Schol. Thuc. II.
98.) Livy informs us, that on the conquest of Macedonia by the Romans, the Sinti, who then formed
part of that empire, were included in the first region, together with the Bisaltae; and he expressly states,
that this part of the region was situated west of the Strymon, that is, on the right bank of that river.
(XLV. 29.) Ptolemy gives the name of Siutice to the district in question. (p. 83.).
376
Cramer. Oxford MDCCCXXVIII. The principal town of the Sinti was Heraclea, Heraclea surnamed
Sintice, by way of distinction, (Liv. XLV. 29.) or Heraclea ex Sintiis. (Liv. XLII. 51.) The same
historian states, that Demetrius the son of Philip was here imprisoned and murdered. (XL. 24.)
Heraclea is also mentioned by Pliny, IV. 10. and Ptolemy, p. 83. Mannert thinks it is the same as the
Heraclea built by Amyntas brother of Philip, according to Steph. Byz. The Table Itinerary assigns a
distance of fifty miles between Philippi and Heraclea Sintica: we know also from Hierocles that it was
situated near the Strymon, as he terms it Heraclea Strymonis. (p. 639.'')
358

.
p. 669 6 6 .
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359
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377

Blackwell Publishing Ltd. The second important piece of information passed on by
Herodotus was that Alexander ruled a place where silver was mined on Mount
Dysoron, located not far from Lake Prasias in the Strymon valley (5.17). This area
must have been under the reign of the Macedonian king at least temporarily.
Thucydides 2.99, describing the Macedonian state under the rule of Perdiccas II, son
of Alexander I, in the time of Sitalces invasion of 429 BC, presented, so to speak, the
final effect of the efforts undertaken by his ancestors
361
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MDCCCXXXI. Tome Deuxieme. Vue du lac Cercine pages 3.
364
2.99.5 .. . 2.99.6 .
. .
.
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.
.

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Notitiae episcopatuum380 421-430

381

380
. Episcopatuum Notitiae (: Notitia Episcopatuum)

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381
. . . . . , .
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. 1975. www.protiserron.gr.

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CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS. First published 1992 Fifth printing 2006. . 45 The war
against Thasos occupied three years (Thuc. 1.101.3), probably three archontic years. Thucydides
(iv.102.3) dates the colony whose settlers were destroyed at Drabescus thirty-two years after the
failure of Aristagoras in Thrace (Hdt. v. 124-6), and the successful foundations of Amphipolis in the
twenty-ninth year after the unsuccessful colony; the Aeschines scholiast dates the unsuccessful colony
to the archonship of Lysicrates (45 3/2) and the successful to 437/6 (the latter confirmed by a
date-table entry in Diod. xn.32.3).
388
--. . - 6 . . .
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369
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MDCCCXXXI. . . 52. Datos, Serres, Bisaltique, Nigrita, Serres,
Nigrita, . 54. Nigrita, Strymon, Serres, Amphipolis, Bisaltique, . 55. Cercine,
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. 17.3.3.16
.
372

(;)
.

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44.13. : 1.
, 2. , 3. , 4. , 5.
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394
Cramer. Oxford MDCCCXXVIII. Scotussa, which must not be confounded with the more celebrated
place of the same name in Thessaly, is described by Pliny as a free town. (IV. 10. Cf. Ptol. p. 83.)
According to the Itinerary it was on the road from Philippi to Heraclea Sintica, and eighteen miles
from the latter town.
374
.
7.4.2

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.
.
.
. 2b,115,F.271a.1
.
PLIN. NH XXXI 27 necari aquis Theopompus et in Thracia apud
Cychros dicit. ANTIGON. . . mir. 142

. PLIN. NH XXXI 17 Theopompus in Scotusaeis395 lacum
esse dicit qui vol neribus medeatur.
.
(CAUS JULIUS CSAR. (De lan 100 lan 44 avant J.-C.)
[43 ] ,
,
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395
Naturalis Historiae: Libri Xxxi-Xxxvii, 5. / Plinius,L. Jan,C. Mayhoff. Plinius,

L. Jan, C. Mayhoff - 2002 - History - 512 . Theopompus in Scotusaeis lacuni esse dicit, qui
volneribus Isid. XIII 13, 3. 2. 16: Vitruv. ... 14 scotusaeis J. -tusei VB. -tiis ei d. -thussei r.
... 7.
376

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MDCCCXXXI. Tome Deuxieme. Pilippi 44, Phipippi, Zighna, Drame, Pangee 44.
403
. . .
. [ ). 2005
. . 47 dealer by the British Museum came from the Vardar valley rather
than from the alleged site, Potidaea; these range from an eighth-century fibula with a catch-plate to a
variety of Illyrian-type pendants. Farther to the east, on the route which leads from Lake Doiran to
Lake Butkova in the Strymon valley, bronze beads and buttons and a stone pot with a loop-handle of a
Glasinac type were found in a tomb at Kozlu Dere, and a heavy bronze armlet at Houma, In the
Strymon area, from the site which became Amphipolis, a collection of bronzes, now in the Vienna
Archaeological Museum, included a miniature double-axe as at Olynthus (fig. 43, 12), miniature jugs
(as in fig. 43, 10), beads, buttons, armlets, a spectacle-fibula and pendants of typical Illyrian kinds, all
of bronze.
404
379
405 .

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.
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. 124-125.
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25.
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406

Cramer. Oxford MDCCCXXVIII. Berga. Berga, in the same vicinity, and on the Strymon, seems to
have obtained some celebrity, as the birthplace of Antiphanes, who wrote marvellous stories. (Scymn.
Ch. 652. Strab. I. Steph. Byz. v. Be/jyij, Ptol. p. 83.)
407
--. . -

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408
http://www.facebook.com/group.php?
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--. . -H. T. Wade-Gery-M. F. Mcgregor. The

Athenian Tribute lists, Vol. I-1939 5 . . .
.
412
Burckhardt, 1893: A. Burckhardt. Hieroclis Synecdemus, Lipsiae 1893. Honigmann 1939: E. Honigmann. Le
Synecdemos d'Hierocles et l'Opuscule geographique de Georges de Chypre, Braxelles 1939. Kiepert 18941910: Henrici Kiepert Formae Orbis Antiqui, bearbeitet u. hrsg. von R. Kiepert, Berlin 1894-1910.
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,

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. (page 12 of 20). 1801. NEW CLASSICAL FRAGMENTS 153.
[? . . . ? ? [ . [
[ [ vos yap ? ? [ 55
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-. 128. P. Perdrizet, Congres international de numismatique, Tragilis,
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390
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Splash Latino - Livio417 - Ab Urbe Condita - Liber Xlv 4.

ww.latin.it/autore/livio/ab_urbe_condita/!45!liber_xlv/04.lat.
417

Cramer. Oxford MDCCCXXVIII. VOL. I. Next to the Sintii, and to the north-east, were the Maedi,
noticed by Thucydides in his narrative of the expedition of Sitalces into Macedonia, (II. 98.) but of
whom Herodotus appears to have had no knowledge ; it is probable, however, that he has mentioned
this people without being, in fact, aware of their existence in his account of the Sigynnae, a Thracian
tribe near the Ister, who were understood by him to refer their origin to the Medes of Asia; but it is
more rational to suppose that they meant the Maedi of Thrace, concerning whom we are now speaking,
(Herod. V. 9-) and to whom Strabo alludes - under the name of Msedobithyni, (VII. p. 295. Cf. Steph.
Byz. v. Maufco/'.) Elsewhere he says the Dardanii and Maedi were contiguous. (VII. p. 316. Cf. Plin.
IV. 11. Polyb. X. 41, 4.).
392
Macedonum exercitum caesum fusumque; regem cum paucis fugisse;

ciuitates omnes Macedoniae in dicionem populi Romani uenisse. his
auditis clamor cum ingenti plausu ortus; ludis relictis domos magna pars
hominum ad coniuges liberos[que] laetum nuntium portabant. tertius
decimus dies erat ab eo, quo in Macedonia pugnatum est. postero die
senatus in curia habitus, supplicationesque decretae et senatus consultum
factum est, ut consul, quos praeter milites sociosque nauales coniuratos
haberet, dimitteret: de militibus sociisque naualibus dimittendis
referretur, cum legati ab L. postquam superatos saltus transgressosque
in Macedoniam Romanos audissent et inclusum teneri Persea, tunc
Rhodios legationem misisse, non ad ullam aliam rem quam ad Persea ex
inminenti periculo eripiendum. cum hoc responso legatos dimissos. per
eosdem dies et M. Marcellus, ex prouincia Hispania decedens Marcolica
nobili urbe capta, decem pondo auri et argenti ad summam sestertii
deciens [in] aerarium rettulit. Paulus Aemilius consul cum castra, ut supra
dictum est, ad Siras terrae Odomanticae haberet418, litterae ab rege
Perseo per ignobiles tres legatos [ei allatae sunt. quos cum flentes ac
sordidatos] cerneret, et ipse inlacrimasse dicitur sorti humanae, quod, qui
paulo ante non contentus regno Macedoniae Dardanos Illyriosque
oppugnasset, Bastarnarum [ac]ciuisset auxilia, is tum amisso exercitu,
extorris regno, in paruam insulam conpulsus, supplex, fani religione, non
uiribus suis tutus esset. sed postquam regem Persea consuli Paulo salutem
legit, miserationem omnem stultitia ignorantis fortunam suam exemit.
itaque, quamquam in reliqua parte litterarum minime regiae preces erant,
tamen sine responso ac sine litteris ea legatio dimissa est. sensit Perseus,
cuius nominis obliuiscendum uicto esset; itaque alterae litterae cum
priuati nominis titulo missae et petiere et impetrauere, ut aliqui ad eum
mitterentur, cum quibus loqui de statu et condicione suae fortunae posset.
missi sunt tres legati, P. Lentulus, A. Postumius Albinus, A. Antonius.
nihil ea legatione perfectum est, Perseo regium nomen omni ui
amplectente, Paulo, ut se suaque omnia in fidem et clementiam populi
Romani permitteret, tendente. [quae] dum aguntur...sanguine regis
Eumenis uiolauit, et, cum omnis praefatio [sacro]rum eos, quibus non sint
purae manus, sacris arceat, uos penetralia uestra contaminari cruento
latronis corpore sinetis?' nobilis fama erat apud omnes Graeciae ciuitates
Eumenis
418
--. . -IV. Ad Siras terrae Odomanticae.

. Livio Ab Urbe condita-Liber XIV-4 , ,
, , 168 . .

393
LIBER DE EXCELLEN TIBVS DVCIBVS EXTERARVM GENTIVM

PROLOGVS...
Cimon, Miltiadis filius, Atheniensis, duro admodum initio usus est
adulescentiae. nam cum pater eius litem aestimatam populo soluere non
potuisset ob eamque causam in uinclis publicis decessisset, Cimon eadem
custodia tenebatur neque legibus Atheniensibus emitti poterat, nisi
pecuniam, qua pater multatus erat, soluisset. habebat autem in
matrimonio sororem germanam suam, nomine Elpinicen, non magis
amore quam more ductus: namque Atheniensibus licet eodem patre natas
uxores ducere. huius coniugii cupidus Callias quidam, non tam generosus
quam pecuniosus, qui magnas pecunias ex metallis fecerat, egit cum
Cimone ut eam sibi uxorem daret: id si impetrasset, se pro illo pecuniam
soluturum. is cum talem condicionem aspernaretur, Elpinice negauit se
passuram Miltiadis progeniem in uinclis publicis interire, quoniam
prohibere posset, seque Calliae nupturam, si ea quae polliceretur
praestitisset. Tali modo custodia liberatus Cimon celeriter ad principatum
peruenit. habebat enim satis eloquentiae, summam liberalitatem, magnam
prudentiam cum iuris ciuilis tum rei militaris, quod cum patre a puero in
exercitibus fuerat uersatus. itaque hic et populum urbanum in sua tenuit
potestate et apud exercitum plurimum ualuit auctoritate. primum
imperator apud flumen Strymona magnas copias Thracum fugauit,
oppidum Amphipolim constituit eoque decem milia Atheniensium in
coloniam misit. idem iterum apud Mycalen Cypriorum et Phoenicum
ducentarum nauium classem deuictam cepit eodemque die pari fortuna...
SEXTI PROPERTI ELEGIARUM LIBER PRIMUS.
nam Venus, Iliacae felix tutela favillae, culpam alit et plures condit in
ossa faces: illa furit, qualis celerem prope Thermodonta Strymonis
abscisso pectus aperta sinu. urbi festus erat (dixere Parilia patres), hic
primus coepit moenibus esse dies, annua pastorum convivia, lusus in
urbe, cum pagana madent fercula divitiis, cumque super raros faeni
flammantis acervos traicit immundos ebria turba pedes. Romulus
excubias decrevit in otia solvi atque intermissa castra silere tuba. hoc
Tarpeia suum tempus rata convenit hostem: pacta ligat, pactis ipsa futura
comes.
394
DE CENTVM METRIS CLARISSIMO ALBINO SERVIVS GRAMMATICVS.
strymoniae vero grves a fluvio Thraciae Strymone, iuxta quem habitant.

haec autem comparatio non ad telorum pertinet iactum, sed ad
Troianorum clamorem. fvgivntqve notos aut quosvis ventos frigidos: nam
etiam grues significant tempestatem futuram, ut in georgicis legimus "aut
illum surgentem vallibus imis aeriae fugere grues": aut re vera 'notos';
horum enim calorem fugiunt cum revertuntur in Thraciam {ex
Aegypto}. {secvndo num laeto? Troianorum clamor ex gaudio.} adlabi
classibvs aeqvor cum classibus labi; {aut aequore classem labi. quidam
ita exponunt, ut hoc ad phantasiam Rutulorum referant, quoniam
admirantibus his unde tanta fiducia animos Troianorum incessisset,
repentina facies multarum navium adpropinquantium perinde visa est,
atque si ipsum aequor cum classibus allaberetur}. ardet apex capiti ex
sequentibus intellegimus Aeneae armorum fieri descriptionem; nam
dicturus est 'at non audaci Turno fiducia cessit'
armentalis eqvae indomitae, {scilicet, quae inter armenta feturae causa
pascatur}: unde sequitur 'et lacte ferino'. {veteres enim omnes prope
quadrupedes feras vocabant, "in latus inque cur vam compagibus alvum".
eqvae autem mammis et lacte ferino} E(\N DIA\ DUOI=N. {nvtribat
quidam nove dictum accipiunt.} vestigia plantis institerat signa pedum
primis plantis expresserat: nam haec sunt vestigia, imagines pedum, ut
"semesam praedam et vestigia foeda relinquunt". palmas oneravit onus
enim est quicquid teneris inponitur manibus. {crinali avro quo crines
inligantur.} pro longae tegmine pallae palla proprie est muliebris vestis
deducta usque ad vestigia, unde ait 'longae': sic supra "pallam signis
auroque rigentem". {a vertice pendent tempora variavit: nam de praeterito
dicit.} strymoniamqve grvem Thraciam, a fluvio Strymone
obdvcto limo superlito, superfuso. {late valde ac multum, id est per
plurimum spatium.} vnde ex quo vel ob quam rem.} tepido vmore stanti,
noxio, inutili. {vel hoc est 'incertis mensibus'; videtur enim de aestate
dicere 'tepido umore'.} lacvnae autem sunt fossae, in quibus aqua stare
consuevit, {id est quasi lacus minores}. nec tamen haec cvm sint h. b. l.
ordo est 'nec tamen nihil inprobus anser Strymoniaeque grues et amaris
intiba fibris} offi ciunt {aut umbra nocet'}. et hoc dicit: licet haec omnia,
quae dixi, arando sint experti et hominum et boum labores, tamen sunt
adhuc aliqua quae obsunt, nisi provideris, ut aves absint et umbra
arborum. inprobvs anser insatiabilis, nulli probandus. et dicit anseres
agrestes. strymoniaeqve grves Thraciae, a fluvio {vel lacu} Strymone,
{qui fuit circa Amphipolim civitatem}. et amaris intiba fibris ut etiam
Donatus dicit, male quidam intibam avem quandam amari iecoris
395
accipiunt: nam intiba dicit cichorea, quorum radices multae et tenues

ambiunt segetes et necant
... steriles avenae ad discretionem earum, quae seruntur: {nam in multis
provinciis etiam inter fructuum genera numerantur}. {dominantvr vero
eminent, quia et validiores et altiores sunt.} qvod nisi et adsidvis h. i. r.
iam concludit et hoc dicit: nisi saepe sarrieris, propter illud 'et amaris
intiba fibris officiunt'; nisi aves fugaveris, propter 'nihil inprobus
anser Strymoniaeque grues'; nisi falce amputaveris ramos, propter 'aut
umbra nocet'; nisi votis invocaveris pluvias, propter 'umida solstitia atque
hiemes orate serenas': sine causa ingentes frumenti alieni acervos
aspicies. per quod ostendit rusticum sua inertia famem, non anni vitio
sustinere. {sane ad illud rettulit, quod supra ait "in medium quaerebant";
at nunc sibi quisque, nec ad nos pertinet acervus alienus.} premes
vmbram coartabis, inminues, {compesces}. {votis sacrificiis, precibus.}
famem solabere ac si diceret: ne glandibus quidem satiaberis; {sed tantum
famem produces,}
hevnon tva quia supra dixit "Eurydicenque suam iam". fvgit diversa
{id est} per diversa. praeterea postea, ut "et quisquam numen Iunonis
adoret praeterea?" {et aliter: 'praeterea' ultra.} amplivs obiectam p. t. p.
mysticum est: dicitur enim bis eandem umbram evocari non licere. ex
ordine sine intermissione. deserti asperi, inculti. Strymon autem fluvius
est Thraciae, circa quem ad extinguendum amoris morabatur calorem.
{et aliter: [aeria] quae sit vicina astris. Strymon autem amnis est finiens
Thraciam, sed hic pro Hebro positus.} haec talia qualia ipse
commemorat. philomela pro quavis ave: nam species est pro genere. {et
aliter: luscinia.} flet noctem iugi nocte, continua. 'flet' O)DU/RETAI.
{integrat renovat.} tanainqve nivalem fluvium Scythiae. {et aliter:
Tanais fluvius, qui dividit Asiam ab Europa. est autem Scythiae.}
nvmqvam vidvata prvinis semper nivibus plena. ciconvm qvo mvnere
matres nuptiali scilicet. Cicones autem Thraces mulieres sunt, quae ab
Orpheo spretae carpsere eum per Liberi sacra simulata. {et aliter:
Cicones, gens Thraciae, a Cicone, Apollinis filio, dicti. Orpheus autem
quoniam post mortem Eurydices omnes feminas fastidiit, translato in
pueros amore, discerptus est.
PVNICA LIBER PRIMVS
sed quos pulsabat Riphaeum ad Strymona, nerui, auditus superis,
auditus manibus Orpheus, emerito fulgent clara inter sidera caelo. hunc
etiam mater, tota comitante sororum Aonidum turba, mater mirata
canentem. non illo Pangaea iuga aut Mauortius Haemus, non illo
modulante sonos stetit ultima Thrace: cum siluis uenere ferae, cum
396
montibus amnes, immemor et dulcis nidi positoque uolatu non mota

uolucris captiua pependit in aethra. quin etiam, Pagasaea ratis, cum
caerula nondum cognita terrere[nt] pontoque intrare negarent, . . . ad
puppim sacrae, cithara eliciente, carinae adductum cantu uenit mare.
pallida regna Bistonius uates flammisque Acheronta sonantem placauit
plectro et fixit reuolubile saxum. o dirae Ciconum matres Geticique
furores et damnata deis Rhodope! tulit ora reuulsa in pontum, ripis
utraque sequentibus, Hebrus.
EXCERPTA EX HYGINI GENEALOGIIS, VOLGO FABVLAE.}Ex
Caligine Chaos: ex Chao et Caligine Nox Dies Erebus Aether. ex Nocte
et Erebo Fatum Senectus Mors Letum Continentia Somnus Somnia Amor
id est Lysimeles, Epiphron dumiles Porphyrion Epaphus Discordia
Miseria Petulantia Nemesis Euphrosyne Amicitia Misericordia Styx;
Parcae tres, id est Clotho Lachesis Atropos; Hesperides, Aegle Hesperie
aerica. Ex Aethere et Die Terra Caelum Mare. Ex Aethere et Terra Dolor
Dolus Ira Luctus Mendacium Iusiurandum Vltio Intemperantia Altercatio
Obliuio Socordia Timor Superbia In[c]estum Pugna Oceanus Themis
Tartarus Pontus; et Titanes, Briareus Gyges Steropes Atlas Hyperion et
[P]olus, Saturnus Ops Moneta Dione; [Cly]tia teschinoeno clitenneste
[Metis] Menippe Argia. eiusdem seminis Flumina, Strymon Nilus
Euphrates Tanais Indus Cephisus Ismenus Axenus Achelous Simois
Inachus Alpheus Thermodoon Scamandrus Tigris Maeandrus Orontes.
[Panopaea] Ianassa Maera Or[i]thy[i]a [A]mathia Dr[y]mo Xantho
Ligea Phyllodoce Cydippe Lycorias Cleio Beroe Ephyre Opis Asia
Deiopea Arethusa [Clymene] Cren[e]is Eurydice Leucothoe. Ex Phorco
et [Ceto;] Phorcides
NATVRALIS . ORIA PLINIVS SECVNDVS VESPASIANO
CAESARI SVO S. Libros Naturalis . oriae, novicium Camenis
Quiritium tuorum opus...
Beroea et in regione, quae Pieria appellatur a nemore, Aegi[n]ium. in ora
Heraclea, flumen Apilas, oppida Py[d]na, [A]loros, amnis Haliacmon.
[A]estrienses, Allantenses, Audaristenses, Morylli, Garresci,
Lyncestae, Othryonei et liberi [A]mantini atque Orestae, coloniae
Bullidenses et Dienses, Xylopolitae, Scotusaei liberi, Heraclea Sintica,
Tymphaei, Toronaei. In ora sinus Macedonica oppidum Chalastra et intus
Piloros, Lete medioque litoris flexu Thessalonice liberae condicionis_ad
hanc a Dyrrhachio <CCXLV>_, Therme in Thermaico sinu, oppida
Dicaea, Palinandrea, Scione, promunturium Canastraeum, oppida Pallene,
397
Phlegra. qua
in regione montes Hypsizo[n]us, Epytus, Alcyon,
Elaeuomne, oppida Nissos, Phryxelon, Mendae et in Pallenensi Isthmo
quondam Potidaea, nunc Cassandrea colonia, Anthemus, Olop[h]yxus,
sinus Mecyberna, oppida Myscella, Ampelos, Torone, Siggos, [S]t[o]los,
fretum, quo montem Atho Xerxes Persarum rex continenti abscidit in
longitudinem passuum MD. in ora rursus Posidium et sinus cum
oppido Cermoro, Amphipolis liberum, gens Bisaltae. dein Macedoniae
terminus amnis Strymon, ortus in Haemo. memorandum in septem lacus
eum fundi, priusquam derigat cursum. Haec est Macedonia terrarum
imperio potita quondam, haec Asiam, Armeniam, Hiberiam, Albaniam,
Cappadociam, Syriam, Aegyptum, Taurum, Caucasum transgressa, haec
in Bactris, Medis, Persis dominata toto oriente possesso, haec etiam
Indiae victrix per vestigia Liberi Patris atque Herculis vagata. haec eadem
est Macedonia, cuius uno die Paulus Aemilius imperator noster LXXII
urbes direptas vendidit. tantam differentiam sortis praestitere duo
homines! Thracia sequitur, inter validissimas Europae gentes, in
strategias L divisa. populorum eius, quos nominare non pigeat, amnem
Strymonem accolunt dextro latere Denseletae et Maedi ad Bisaltas usque
supra dictos, laevo Digerri Bessorumque multa nomina ad Mestum
amnem ima Pangaei montis ambientem inter Haletos, Dio bessos,
Carbilesos, inde Bri[g]as, Sapaeos, [O]domantos. Odrysarum gens fundit
Hebrum accolentibus Carbiletis, Pyrogeris, Drugeris, Caenicis, Hypsaltis,
Benis, Corpilis, Bottiaeis, Edonis. eodem sunt in tractu Sialetae, Priantae,
Dolongae, Thyni, C[o]elaletae maiores Haemo, minores Rhodopae
subditi. inter quos Hebrus amnis, oppidum sub Rhodope Poneropolis
antea, mox a conditore [Ph]ilippopolis, nunc a situ Trimontium dicta.
Haemi excelsitas <VI> passuum subitur. aversa eius et in . rum
devexa Moesi, Getae, Aedi, Scaugdae Clariaeque et sub iis Arraei
Sarmatae, quos Areatas vocant, Scythaeque et circa Ponti litora Moriseni
Sitonique, Orphei vatis genitores, optinent. ita finit . er a
septentrione, ab ortu Pontus ac Propontis, a meridie Aegaeum mare. cuius
in ora a Str[y]mone Apollonia, Oes[y]ma, Neapolis, [D]atos. intus
Philippi colonia_absunt a Dyrrhachio <CCCXXV>- 325-,
Scotusa, Topiros civitas. Mesti amnis ostium, mons Pangaeus.
Heraclea, Olynthos, Abdera libera civitas. stagnum Bistonum et gens.
oppidum fuit Tirida, Diomedis equorum stabulis dirum; nunc sunt
Dicaea, Ismaron, locus Parthenion, ... dein promunturium Cherronesi
Mastusia adversum Sigeo, cuius in fronte obliqua Cynossema_ita
appellatur Hecubae tumulus_, statio Achaeorum et turris, delubrum
Protesilai et in extrema Cherronesi fronte, quae vocatur Aeolium,
oppidum Elaeus. dein petenti Melana sinum portus Coelos et Panhormus
et supra dicta Cardia. Tertius Europae sinus ad hunc modum clauditur.
montes extra praedictos Thraciae Edonus, Gygemeros, Meritus,
398
Melamphyllos. flumina in Hebrum cadentia Bargus, Syrmus.

Macedoniae, Thraciae, Hellesponti longitudo est supra dicta; quidam
<DCCXX> faciunt. latitudo <CCCLXXXIIII> = . 384-est.
Aegaeo mari nomen dedit scopulus inter Ten[ed]um et Chium verius
quam insula, Aex nomine a specie caprae, quae ita Graecis appellatur,
repente e medio mari exiliens. cernunt eum ab dextera parte An[tan]drum
navigantes ab Achaia, dirum ac pestiferum. Aegaei pars Myrtoo datur.
appellatur ab insula parva, quae cernitur Macedoniam a Ger[a]esto
petentibus haut procul Euboeae Carysto.
DE CHOROGRAPHIA}. {Liber primus} Orbis situm dicere...
Asiacae furari quid sit ignorant, ideoque nec sua custodiunt nec aliena
contingunt. interius habitantium ritus asperior et incultior regio est. bella
caedesque amant, mosque est bellantibus cruorem eius quem primum
interemerunt ipsis ex vulneribus ebibere. ut quisque plures interem[er]it,
ita apud eos habetur eximius; ceterum expertem esse caedis inter
opprobria vel maximum. ne foedera quidem incruenta sunt; sauciant se
qui paciscuntur, ut qui habitant lignorum egentes ignes ossibus alant.
His Thracia proxima est, eaque a Pontici lateris fronte usque in Illyrios
penitus inmissa, qua latera agit . ro pelagoque contingitur. regio
nec caelo laeta nec solo, et nisi qua mari propior est, infecunda, frigida,
eorumque quae seruntur maligne admodum patiens, raro usquam
pomiferam arborem, vitem frequentius tolerat: sed nec eius quidem
fructus maturat ac mitigat, nisi ubi frigora obiectu frondium cultores
arcuere. viros benignius alit, non ad speciem tamen, nam et illis asper
atque indecens corporum habitus est, ceterum ad ferociam et numerum, ut
multi immitesque sunt maxime ferax. paucos amnis qui in pelagus
evadunt, verum celeberrimos Hebrum et Neston et Strymona emittit.
montes interior adtollit Haemon et Rhodopen et Orbelon, sacris
Liberi patris et coetu Maenadum, Orpheo primum initiante, celebratos.
e quis Haemos in tantum altitudinis abit, ut Euxinum et Hadrian ex
summo vertice ostendat. una gens Thraces habitant, aliis aliisque praediti
et nominibus et moribus. quidam feri sunt et paratissimi ad mortem,
Getae utique. id varia opinio perficit; alii redituras putant animas
obeuntium, alii etsi non redeant non extingui tamen, sed ad beatiora
transire, alii emori quidem, sed id melius esse quam vivere. hactenus
Pontus. deinde est Bosphorus et Propontis, in Bosphoro Byzantion, in
Propontide Selymbria, Perinthos, Bytinis; amnesque qui interfluunt
Erginos et Atyras. tum Rhesso regnata quondam pars Thraciae, et
Bisanthe Samiorum, et ingens aliquando Cypsela. post locus quem Grai
Macron tichos adpellant, et in radice magnae paene insulae sedens
399
Lysimachia. terra quae sequitur nusquam lata atque hic artissima inter
Hellespontum Aegaeumque procurrit. angustias Isthmon, frontem eius
Mastusiam
Aegaeum statim pelagus vaste longum litus inpellit, summotasque terras
hinc ad promunturium quod Sunium vocatur magno ambitu mollique
circumagit. eius tractum legentibus praevectisque Mastusiam sinus
intrandus est qui alterum Chersonesi latus adluens iugo facie vallis
includitur, et ex fluvio quem accipit Melas dictus duas urbes amplectitur,
Alopeconensum et in altero Isthmi litore sitam Cardiam. eximia est
Aenos ab Aenea profugo condita. circa Hebrum Cicones, trans eundem
Doriscos, ubi Xerxen copias suas quia numero non poterat spatio
mensum ferunt. dein promunturium Serrhion, et quo canentem Orphea
secuta narrantur etiam nemora Zone. tum Sthenos fluvius, et ripis eius
adiacens Maronia. regio ulterior Diomeden tulit, inmanibus equis
mandendos solitum obiectare advenas et iisdem ab Hercule obiectum.
turris quam Diomedis vocant signum fabulae remanet, et urbs quam soror
eius suo nomine nominavit Abdere; sed ea magis id memorandum habet,
quod Democritum physicum tulit, quam quod ita condita est. ultra
Nestos fluit, interque eum et Strymona urbes sunt Philippi, Apollonia,
Amphipolis; inter Strymona et Athon turris Calarnaea et portus Capru
limen, urbs Acanthos et Echinia; inter Athon et Pallenen Cleona et
Olynthos. Strymon, sicut diximus, amnis est longeque ortus et tenuis.
alienis subinde aquis fit amplior, et ubi non longe a mari lacum fecit,
maiore quam venerat alveo erumpit. in litore flexus Megybernaeus,
inter promunturia Derim et Canastraeum et portum qui Cophos dicitur
urbes Toronen et Myscellam atque unde ipsi nomen est Megybernam
incingit. Canastraeo promunturio Sane proxima est, Megybernaeus in
medio, qua terra dat gremium, modice in litora ingreditur. ceterum longis
et in altum inmissis lateribus ingens inde Thermaicus sinus est. in eum
Axius per Macedonas, et iam per Thessalos Peneus excurrit. ante
Axium Thessalonice est, inter utrumque Cassandria, Cydna, Aloros,
Itharis. a Peneo ad Sepiada Corynthya, Meliboea, Castanaea pares ad
famam nisi quod Philoctetes alumnus Meliboean inluminat. terrae
interiores claris locorum nominibus insignes paene nihil ignobile ferunt.
hinc non longe est Olympus, hic Pelion hic Ossa, montes gigantum fabula
belloque memorati; hic Musarum parens domusque Pieria;
HISTORIC AMPHIPOLIS AND POTIDAEA. IAXS project #367 By

Paul Dickson Copyright 1998 held by author. Introduction. Amphipolis
and Potidaea are both real places in the northern part of Greece, and both
were the sites of major conflicts during the Peloponnesian War. This
400
article recounts what led up to the founding of the cities, and the
subsequent conflicts that each city faced. It stops at the Roman period.I
make no attempt to reconcile recorded history with events in XWP, but I
do note parallels where found.
Analysis of written texts from after the adoption of the new writing
system revealed that the people living around the Aegean were speaking
distinct but, for the most part, mutually intelligible dialects. The Ionic
dialect spoken in Athens and along the coast evolved into modern Greek.
Amphipolis and Potidaea might have spoken the same Ionic dialect
except for one thing: Potidaea was a settlement from Corinth, where the
people, descendants of those fun-loving Dorians, spoke the Doric dialect.
Same as Sparta. (Ominous music should begin now).

Paul Dickson Copyright 1998 .
[1]
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401
Cousinery .Voyage dans la Macedoine. Sur L

Histoire, la geographie. Esprit Marie Cousinery, Tome
premier. Langlume. Imprime par autorisation du roi du 28
Septembere 1828. Paris. MDCCCXXXI.
,
, 3 Cercine
150 .
Pendad l hiver, le chemin de takinos a Serres devient plus long de pres d
une heureStrymon, Serres jusquau territoire de NigritaCercine,
Amphipolis, Eione,
Pangee, Strymon, Eneados
101, Ediniens, Eneodos, Herodote
Phillis, Thrace, Eneodos, Eschine,
102, , Pangee, Phillis, Eneodos, Amphipolis
Thrace, Eschine, Cercine, Thucydide,
Edoniens, Eneodos, Drabescque, Pangee, Strynon,
103. Pelasges, Satres, Edoniens,
Odomantes, Piteres, Paioniens,
Cimon, Miltiades, Thrace, Eione, LXXVI Olympiades 474,
Pangee, Thucydide, strymon, Amphipolis, Edoniens, Drabesque ville
, . 104, Edonie, Thraces, Datos, Pangee, Herodote,
Agnon, Eneodos, Amphipolis, LXXXV Olynpiade 437
105, Edoniens, Brasodas, LXXXVII Olympiade, d; Eione
106 Trhace, Amphipolis, pour arriver a Serres
Quique Thucydide ne marquee pas precisement la distance d Arne a
AmphipolisBromisque etait situee auprew de la route qui, du fond du
golf, va aboutir au StrymonBisaldique.
402
Rendine..la place de Bromisque. Argilos etait aussi au nombretrespres du Strymonailleurs que Cerdillium etait de la dependence d
Argilos
119 Cerdilium, Eione, Strymon,
120 Eione, Strymon, Bromisque
Asie qui entretienne par cette voie un commerce direct avec
Serres Amphipolis, Eione, Strymon
123, Strymon, Cercine, Pangee
124 d Amphipolis, Serres,
Zihna..
126 , denomination d Amphipolis, double ville.
131 Amphipolis
132 Amphipolis,au de Kutchuk-Orcova, ou se
voient les ruines de Certilium
134. Injustices du gouvernement
SerresStrymon, CerdiliumEione, Amphipolis
de
137 , Cercine, Bisaltique, Philippe, Strymon, Pangee,

Eione, Strymon
138 le long du lac Cercine vers Amphipolis et
franchit le mont PangeeTakinos, Serres, Salonique
140. Voyage. Chapitre V. Second voyage a Serres.
Description de cette ville et de ses environs. Passage par la Crestonie.
..Couvermement et commerce de SerresJe partis de salonique pour me
render a Serres, ville tres-ancienne de l OdomantiqueNous sortimes
par la porte du Vardar, ou se trouve place l arc de triompheDes les
premiers pas nous laissames a notre gauche la voie Ignaienne, gui about it
a cette porte
403
. 141 L Anthemontide par la route qui conduit a Serres.

144 Strymon, Pangee, Cercine, Pangee,
146 Notre premier soin, en arrivat a Serres
148 Macedoine, parut devant Serres au moment ou l on sy attendait le
moinsen marche de Serres
152 francais de Salonique, residans a Serres, quoiqu ils fussent ravas
154 Serres est aujourdhui dans un etat visible de detresse.
155 Strymon
157 La ville de Serres, quon peut admettre au nombre des plus anciennes
de la Macedoine
158 Thucydide Philippe, Odomantes, Pangee, Amphipolis, Serres,
. Quoique Amphipolis dominant dans la valle
strymoniqie, on doit penser que Serres conserva un rang
. 159 Nous savons cepandant que l eveque de Serres ne cesa pas de
jouirLa ville de Serres est d une longueura Serres, ce sont des
Grecs, des Bulgares et quelques familesdans l interieur de Serres, ou
ils genent beaucoup
. 160roches du mont Cercineles grandes revolutions que Serres a
subies a diverses poques.
. 163. La nouvelle ville de Serres forme un point central pour la venta
de ce genre de productionle Strymon, depuis Melenic jusquau canton
de Zigna. Les Grecs de Serres, ainsi que les Valaques
. 164. Ges daps sintroduisent dans la Macedoine par
SerresStrymon, qui passent par laroute de Lahana, et par la grande
route, lorsqu;ells sont chagees a Drame ou a Prphanodu department de
Serres, comme celles des liux
165 Il n;y a point de janissaire aga a SerresLes janissaires ont peu d
influence a Serres.
404
. 167 Chapitre VI. Reconnaisance du mont Cercine. Description des

plaines que parcourt le StrymonSejour d ete des Turcs de Serresdes
Romains aupres de Serres, ne fait aucune mention du mont Cercine.
. 168Les Sintes et les Medes davecles Peoniens, et
. 169. Les Thraces etaient a pluw de trente lieues de Serres en
diagonalSi Sitalces fut entre dans la foret par le parallele de
SerresOdomantesSintes, Medes,
. 170. Phlippi, Crestoinie, Suivant Herodote, Odomantsw, Pangge,
Sintes. Thucydide Odomantes, Cercine, Sitalces, Thracedes Sindes
etait tres-voisin de Serres, et jose presume quune petite villede
distance de Serres, occupe la position d Heracllee, ancienne capital de ce
pays, a laquelle les geographes donnent le nom d; Heraclle-Sintique
171 Cercine, de saint Jean-Prodromow, Kutchuch-Yailas, petits
yailasYocare-Vrondou et de Akchaa-Vrondou
. 172. A-dire Vrondou superieur et vrondou inferieurKourchouva,
Kouch-Tchaide la reviere qui pass pres de Serres
. 173. Xerxes, aux Siropeoniens, memes peoples que les Odomantes,
et dond jai dit, d; aprs Tite-Tive, gne Serres etait la capital.
175, Quant aux Peoniens du mont pangge, aux Doberes aux Agrianes,
aux Odomantes et a ceux du lac Prasias
176 Peoniens, Scio, Dorisque
Prasias= .
. . ,
2000.
. 180. Le lac Prasias sans marreter un moment sur ce que
. 181. Prasias, celui de visiter le yaila de Serres.
. 182. au grand Yaila. . 189. Strymon
405
. 204 Chapitre CIII. Environs de Serres, Eclaircissenens sur le Pontus.

Arrive a Serres, je me trouvais sur un local favorable a qui traverse la
plaien de Serres, le nom de Pontus, au lieu de celui de Strymon
. 204En sortant de Serres du cote de lest
. 205 les eaux qui se reunissent aux environs de Serres.
. 206 Mont Pangee, et auquel on donne le nom de panaghia
Cosifinitza, nom qui parait signifier la vierge au panier.
. . 206. Le metochi de Serres est mixte. Il tient du caractere de
lun et de lautre
. 207. Cercine se jette dans la riviere de Serres.
. 208 Cara-sou, noires eaux, nom que portent aujurd hui le
Strymon, l Erogon et le Mestus.
. 209 Cest dans le meme sens que les habitans de Serres ont du
. 212 Chapitre IX. Viisite au monastere de saint-Jean-Prodromos.
Nous partimes de tres-bonne heure de Serres, pour aller passer la journee
au monastere de Saint-Jean-Prodromos. ..on l appele encore
, Montagne munichienne.
. 213 mais le voisinage de Serres en fait plutot un sejour de
. 214 Nous etions arrives trop tard a Serres pour assister
. 220 je reviens au de monastere de saind Jean-Prodromosle
Precurseur ou saint Jean-BaptisteAndronic IIICantacusene
. 221 il fait connaitre la ville de Serres pour une de celles ou
residerent
. 225. Dans la Macedoine. Suite du Chapitre IX. Deux iscriptions
trouvees a Serresque jai copies dans la maison de l eveque de Serres,
m;ayant paru de nature a ne pouvoir Les jeunes gens
,
. . . 1837.
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406
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The American Red Cross. Commision to Greece. Relief work

in Eastern Macedonia. Athens 1919.
. 4 Bulgaria, Serres, Salonica, Drama. 9 Pangaeon
. 26 Kavalla, Salonica, Serres, Struma, . 49 Serres the city.
. 51 Bread Line at Serres. . 58 The Pangaeon
. 59 Pangaeon, Pravi, Kavalla, . 60 Land Trasport. Serres,
. 61 . An Ox-team on the Road Near Serres.
. 62 kavalla, Drama, Rodolivos. . 70 , sonp
Distribution. Serres. . Horace S.
Oakley. Major, Deputy Commisioner, Dir. Of the district of Eastern
Macedonia.. 71 Kavalla, Rodolivos, Pravi, Musthenie and Drama,
Pangaeon.
407
. 78 Greek army, one in Serres, one in Drama and one in kavalla.

. 82 Pangaeon, . 83 Pangaeon villages, Kavalla
. 86 Serres. Greek Medical Service in Serres.
. 87 , Street scene, Serres.. 89 At the date of writing
cases are still appearing in Drama and Serres. Kavalla
, Henry b. Dewing, Major A.R.C.
Commanding district of Eastern Macedonia.
Neugriechenland. Eine Landeskunde OstmakedoniensVon Joachim H. Schultse
Jena. Gotha. Justus Perthes 1937. , .
Abb. 49. Die alte besiedlung(Nur die wichtigsten orte darstellend). 233/24.
Heraclea Santica, Siris Paeoner, Serra, Berga, Kerdylion,
Dravescos, Krenides, Skapte hyle, Colonia Augusta, Amphipolis, Eion,
Anaktoropolis, Strymon. 233/23 Abb.48. Tabakbezirke. Abb. 48. Tabakbezirke.
Serre, Strymon, Sidirokastron, Doviste, Nigrita .
, , ...
. , , ,
.
16o . FERNAND BRAUDEL. THE MEDITERRANEAN AND THE
MEDITERRANEAN WORLD IN THE AGE OF PHILIP II. VOLUME TWO.
TRANSLATED FROM THE FRENCH BY SIAN REYNOLDS. Part Two
(continued). CHAPTER IV. . 779. Sesame, introduced to the Maritsa valley and
cotton in the regions of Adrianople, Kyustendil and in Macedonia, round Serres
[Serrai], were Turkish imports of the sixteenth century. This variety of crops was
complemented by a little wine of indifferent quality, market gardening round the
towns,hemp, roses and the orchards near Oskub [Skopje]. Finally two other new
crops, tobacco and maize, were about to make their first appearance, the precise date
of which is unknown. . Fernand Braudel. .
. . 1997. . 497. .. , ,
16 .
Turkey and its resources: its municipal organization and free trade; David
Urquhart. London 1833. . 156. These obstacles apply not to the introduction of
Austrian goods, but to the effecting of returns. These returns consisted of red cotton
yarn from Ambelakia, cotton wool from Serres, which once supplied all the
manufactures of Germany; tobacco from Jenidje, hides and swine from Servia, silk,
dyes, wool, and other articles not worth enumerating. But formerly, the exports of
Turkey to Germany greatly exceeded the imports. These were, at the close of the last
century, for Roumelie ^"80,000, and the exports ,f200,000; the difference was paid in
the produce of the mines of Hungary and Transylvania, coined expressly for the
Turkish market. But now cotton yarn, instead of being exported, is imported into
Turkey; the cotton wool, for the German manufactures, now comes from Egypt, by
Trieste; Turkish tobacco is prohibited, for the encouragement of Hungarian tobacco;
Germany seeks a vent for her increasing production of wool: hides and swine are
heavily taxedand a return, in specie, involves the loss, either apparent in the
exchange, or non-apparent in the increased price of the imported goods, of all the
408
difference between the monetary and real value of the Turkish coin* Tableau du
Commerce de la Grece, Lettre xviii.
Salonique, 1830-1912: une ville ttomane l'ge des Rformes. 1997.
Meropi Anastassiadou. . 307. Serres.
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Serres.
..dominions comprehended Serres. . CHAPTER
XXVI.
..dominions comprehended Serres. . CHAPTER
XXVI.MACEDONIA. Ancient Geography of the Strymonic Plain and surrounding
MountainsBattle of PhilippiNigritaSokhoKlisali LakesLangaza
KhaivatSalonikiAntiquities, Population, &c. ALTHOUGH Stephanus distinguishes
the Siris which gave name to the Siro-Paeones, from Sirrha, they were assuredly one
and the same place, for that the Siro-Paeones inhabited the banks of the Strymon is
clear from Herodotus1, and that they did not dwell above the derveni of Demirissar
may also be inferred from the historian, when he states, that Xerxes left a part of his
sick at Siris in his retreat to the Hellespont2; for it is not conceivable that a place
could have been chosen for that purpose, so far and inconveniently removed from the
direct route of the army, as any position above the Straits of Demirissar would have
been. The same inference may be drawn from Livy, who relates that P. iEmilius
Paullus, after his victory at Pydna, received at Sirae a deputation from Perseus who
had retired to Samothrace(1 Herodot. 1. 5, c. 13, 15, 98. * L. 8, c. 115. 'Liv. 1. 45, c.
4. VOL. III. P).. As Sirae is here described by Livy as a city of the Odomantice, it
seems evident that the Odomanti bordered on the Siro-Paeones, and that in the reign
of Perseus they were in possession of this city The Odomanti, therefore, probably
occupied the great mountain which extends along the northeastern side of the lower
Strymonic plain from about Meleniko and Demirissar nearly to Pangceum, their
vicinity to which latter mountain is rendered probable by their having been one of the
three tribes who worked its mines, the two others having been the Pieres and Satrae2,
the former of whom dwelt on the southern side of the mountain, the latter to the
eastward of it. It was very natural that Megabyzus should have subdued the
SiroPaeones, who possessed the most fertile and exposed part of the Strymonic plain,
while the Odomanti, who were secure in a higher situation, and still more the
Agrianes, who dwelt at the sources of the Strymon, were able to avoid or resist him,
as well as the Doberes, and the other Paeones of Mount Pangaeum, and the
amphibious inhabitants of the lake Prasias. From the same authority we may be
justified in concluding, that the lake Prasias was the same afterwards called Circinitis,
or the Strymonic lake, though it be contrary to the opinion of D'Anville, who
identified the Prasias with the Bolbe, now the lake of Besikia, chiefly perhaps because
Herodotus describes the lake Prasias as confining on certain mines, which afterwards
produced to Alexander I. a talent a day1, and which were separated only from
Macedonia by Mount Dysorum; whence D'Anville, who must have known from the
travels of Belon of the existence of the mines of Sidherokapsa, may have supposed
those to have been the mines in question, and consequently that the neighbouring lake
was the Bolbe. But on comparing Herodotus with Arrian, it is impossible to accede to
409
this opinion. The former relates that the inhabitants of the lake Prasias procured the
piles and planks with which they constructed their dwellings in the lake, from Mount
Orbelus, whence it may be presumed that the lake was contiguous to Orbelus, and
Arrian clearly shews Orbelus to have been the great mountain which, beginning at the
Strymonic plain and lake, extends towards the sources of the Strymon, where it unites
with the summit called Scomius, in which the river had its origin 2, for in describing
the expedition of Alexander the Great against the Triballi, Arrian remarks that
Alexander in marching from Amphipolis to the Nestus, had Philippi and Mount
Orbelus on his left
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: / .
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. : , 1957
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/ . : , 2004
: : past and present /
... [..] : , 01
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, . ,
1998, . 175-196. . ,
, . , 1996, . 106-108.
. . .
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, 1066
1940 [] / :
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: - , 1970
434
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. , 26-27 2008.
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: : /
. : - , 1989
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1979
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, . [] /
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(1926-1933) [] / .
: - , 2002
436
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: - , 1979
: 1985 :
, 1986

[] / . :
- , 1976
[] /
. : , 1982-1983
" " [] /
: - ,
1998

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, " ", (. 2510/224294)
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1900-1913 [] / . .
: - , 1959
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437
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/ . .
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40 [] / . .
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. & Y. J. Perrault (.),
:
.
, 26-27 2008.
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. , , 3 (93) . 34.
[] / :
- , 1970
. -. --.
. 90 ""
[] / . . : , 1996
438
[] / :
- , 1957
, .
, . ,
,
[94], . 8, 3.
(1993-1995) [] : , 1996
(1996-1998) [] : , 1998
(1998-2001) [] : , 2002
(2002-2004) [] : , 2004
(2004-2007) [] : , 2007
1861-1873 [] :
: /
. - :
- , 1982-1983
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, 30-8-2005.
. 5, 8: . , , 985.
. 8, 9: S. Sentiirk B.Johnson, "Heads and Tiles": The two faces of Sovereignty,
Istanbul 995, no , 3.
F. Papazoglou, Les villes de Macdoine romaine, BCH Suppl. 16, 1988, 377-380.
(Serres), SudostF 28 (1969), 112 (reprinted in E. A. Zachariadou, Romania (.
25920/22161) sur les premires modifications. Topoi 10: 11-13.
439
, 146, 158, 194, 221,

224, 245, 246, 249, 252
, 186, 194, 199, 218, 219,
225, 235, 245, 247, 248, 249, 250,
252
, 245, 247, 250
, 103, 104
, 104
A COMPANION TO ANCIENT
MACEDONIA, 3, 23, 26, 27, 37,
88, 93, 109, 122, 128, 143, 146, 147,
149, 154, 181, 182, 186, 191, 194,
211, 270, 271, 272, 273, 289, 310,
353, 355, 360
A COMPANION TO THE
CLASSICAL GREEK WORLD, 38,
105, 144, 179, 210, 246, 257
Amphipolim, 393, 394
Amphipolis, 3, 4, 5, 26, 30, 31, 32, 37,
42, 76, 83, 85, 105, 106, 109, 122,
142, 144, 146, 147, 149, 154, 158,
178, 179, 181, 183, 186, 191, 194,
203, 210, 211, 257, 266, 270, 272,
273, 284, 290, 348, 349, 371, 397,
399, 400, 401, 402, 403, 407, 409,
411, 412
Bisaltae, 397
Botsford & Robonson, 46, 107, 263,
285
Cousinery, 32, 42, 74, 88, 106, 142,
146, 147, 229, 266, 284, 298, 363,
371, 378, 401, 410
Dardania, 78
Desdevises, 90, 100
Donald Kagan, 210
J. Wells,, 83
John Anthony Cramer, 26, 27, 71, 85,
86, 284, 341, 357, 373, 381, 391
Koukouli-Chrysanthaki, 30
Paionia, 78
Pangaea, 395
Pangaei, 397
Pangaeum, 45, 75, 126, 132, 290, 353,
355, 408
Pangaeus, 397
Pangaion, 23, 128, 174, 191, 257, 310
SARXA, 41
Serres, 27, 40, 42, 45, 75, 88, 93, 95,

106, 126, 129, 132, 142, 203, 211,
229, 290, 371, 401, 402, 403, 404,
405, 406, 407, 408, 410, 411
Sintia, 78
Sintoi, 202
Siropaeones, 26, 284
Sirris, 42
Strymon, 395, 396, 397, 399
Strymona, 393, 395, 398, 399
Strymone, 394
Symbolum, 75
THE CAMBRIDGE ANCIENT
HISTORY, 23, 29, 33, 46, 50, 127,
128, 146, 148, 155, 188, 246, 275,
283, 290, 293, 324, 339, 349, 368
The geography of Herodotus, 39, 60,
83, 282
Travels in northern Greece, 45, 75,
126, 129, 132, 142, 203, 290, 408,
412
Voyage dans la Macedoine, 32, 42,
106, 142, 401, 410, 425
Wikipedia, 40, 174
. , 31, 436
, 78, 79
, 247, 282, 382
, 142, 249
, 55, 74, 85, 99, 100, 110,
111, 112, 116, 117, 118, 132, 186,
265, 304, 320, 327, 328, 342, 373,
385
, 70, 80, 105, 124, 134, 135,
136, 139, 144, 146, 148, 149, 150,
152, 154, 155, 156, 162, 163, 165,
170, 171, 174, 185, 193, 195, 196,
197, 200, 201, 208, 210, 215, 217,
219, 222, 226, 245, 248, 264, 266,
267, 268, 269, 301, 313, 334, 346,
353
, 69, 79
, 48, 67
, 78
, 146, 150, 151, 152, 153,
157, 158, 162, 163, 164, 168, 172,
184, 185, 188, 192, 201, 214, 216,
217, 218, 223, 226
440
, 147, 149, 150, 151, 154,
155, 156, 157, 160, 161, 163, 165,
166, 168, 169, 170, 171, 173, 175,
181, 183, 186, 188, 191, 192, 193,
194, 198, 199, 200, 206, 209, 210,
213, 215, 219, 220, 222, 224, 226,
227, 228, 236, 238, 239, 250, 252
, 48, 50, 54, 88, 99, 105,
111, 118, 187, 189, 239, 267, 268,
297, 328, 340, 342, 346, 385, 388
, 3, 4, 5, 8, 12, 21, 29, 30,
31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 41, 48, 85,
107, 159, 210, 217, 225, 251, 348,
384, 400, 407, 413
, 3, 6, 7, 28, 33, 35, 36, 37,
60, 107, 122, 168, 176, 202, 252,
263, 324, 336, 350, 351, 382, 383,
384, 427
, 146, 147, 148, 150, 151,
152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 159, 160,
161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167,
168, 169, 172, 173, 174, 175, 178,
179, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186,
187, 189, 190, 191, 193, 194, 195,
196, 197, 198, 199, 202, 203, 204,
205, 206, 207, 208,209, 210, 212,
214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220,
221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227,
228, 233, 234, 235, 237, 238, 239,
244, 246, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252
, 29, 32, 69, 105, 119, 120,
123, 130, 140, 141, 154, 163, 166,
180, 183, 193, 211, 223, 237, 240,
245, 248, 267, 268, 280, 296, 325,
326, 333, 334, 337, 346, 353, 355,
356, 359, 360, 361, 364, 365, 367,
388, 389, 391
, 156, 158, 184, 185, 190,
192, 194, 199, 200, 201, 203, 216,
218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224,
225, 235, 236, 245, 247, 249, 250,
252, 258
, 147, 152, 172, 201, 207,
208, 214, 306
, 152, 170, 175, 195, 254,
255
, 196
, 145, 157, 176, 190, 200,
205, 210, 211, 212, 213, 225, 226,
227, 236, 244, 245, 252
, 29, 30, 178, 201, 219

, 145, 179, 190, 198, 224,
225
, 145, 179
, 32, 33, 147, 148, 159,
167, 169, 195, 211, 218, 244, 250,
251, 337
, 31, 182

, 23, 28, 35, 41,
42
, 62, 63, 64, 87, 91, 92,
105, 116, 172, 276, 285, 292, 334
, 136, 139, 173, 176, 205,
210, 243, 326, 329
, 26, 108
, 96
, 182
, 90, 202, 324, 350, 351, 382,
384
, 28, 202, 350, 381, 382, 383,
384, 385
, 54, 112, 186, 328, 340, 385,
386
, 99, 111, 132, 186, 320, 325,
326, 327, 328, 342
, 112, 329, 385
, 328
, 273, 314, 325, 330
, 330
, 330, 331
, 28, 48, 54, 81, 90, 100, 254,
258, 259, 278, 324, 330, 331, 332,
333, 351, 352, 353, 354, 357, 358,
359, 362, 414, 423, 432
, 329, 354, 359

, 330, 331
, 90, 92, 175, 196, 197, 325,
326, 333, 334, 353, 355, 356, 358,
359, 360, 361, 391
, 334
, 90
, 105
, 54, 100, 112, 328, 335, 342
, 52
, 105, 123, 142, 145, 146,
147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 153, 155,
180, 181, 188, 207, 208, 209, 267,
268, 346, 366
441
, 71, 317
. , 41, 42
, 60, 100, 103, 168,
176, 263, 269, 336
, 72
, 99, 111, 129, 131, 132, 133,
134, 135, 136, 142, 158, 186, 248,
320, 327, 342, 366
, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138,
139, 140, 174
., 137, 140
, 137, 140
, 27, 29, 33, 38, 43, 48, 54, 67,
79, 84, 85, 87, 90, 99, 100, 111, 112,
124, 129, 146, 206, 230, 231, 236,
251, 266, 280, 289, 330, 332, 336,
352, 364, 368, 382
, 48, 98, 133, 169, 170,
171, 174, 195, 207, 210, 212, 254
, 69, 75, 109, 129, 142, 179,
332, 351, 356, 357, 361, 366
, 49, 338
, 106, 272, 284, 290, 291,
300, 313, 339, 347
, 54, 74, 85, 186, 299, 305,
340, 363, 364, 373, 386
, 79, 99, 340, 341, 342
. , 28, 37, 38, 372
, 259, 260, 261
, 259, 261
, 80, 97, 98, 164, 207, 212,
271, 312, 313
, 50
, 129, 131, 141, 142, 366
, 130, 143, 367
, 245, 265
, 144, 246, 368
, 44, 45, 68, 103, 104,
136, 255, 259, 260, 326, 345, 346
, 50, 67, 88, 118, 199
, 261
, 175, 196
, 157

, 34, 35,
36, 236
, 176, 225
.. , 37
, 30, 236, 406
, 200, 201, 225, 236, 252
, 145, 178
, 145, 179, 224
, 173
, 327
, 199, 219
, 48, 141, 144, 245, 255, 265,
367
, 99, 111, 132, 143, 186, 320,
327, 342, 367
, 103, 104, 255, 345, 346
, 147, 148, 199, 216, 219, 223,
247, 250, 258
, 29, 106, 119, 120, 123, 124,
130, 140, 264, 271, 272, 274, 284,
291, 300, 305, 313, 333, 339, 347,
354, 359
, 105, 148, 150, 164, 168, 258,
259, 267, 333, 346, 354, 359, 388
, 146, 150, 175, 181, 195, 246,
254, 255
, 105, 144, 267, 274, 346, 368
, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 258
, 195, 254, 258, 259
, 195, 254
, 255
. , 28, 40
, 240, 300, 373
, 54, 99, 103, 111, 132,
186, 300, 320, 327, 328, 332, 340,
342, 345, 351, 357, 373, 385
, 50, 51, 59, 60, 67, 88, 117,
118, 136, 199, 299, 300, 301, 321,
334, 339, 356, 361, 363
, 46, 49, 51, 67, 68, 75, 77,
84, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 133, 134, 135,
136, 137, 138, 139, 174, 175, 194,
195, 196, 197, 217, 222, 254, 315,
316, 325, 326, 329, 331, 333, 338,
352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 358, 359,
360, 361, 362, 370, 375, 391
, 29, 50, 67, 88, 103, 104,
118, 119, 130, 140, 141, 143, 148,
195, 197, 199, 217, 218, 223, 248,
250, 252, 254, 255, 303, 331, 345,
346, 352, 358, 366, 367
, 328
, 159, 174, 195, 216
, 44, 60, 61, 78, 81, 95, 121,
178, 243, 302, 303, 316, 318, 319,
321, 322, 339
442
, 40, 212,
421
, 25, 37, 38, 39,
40, 41, 42, 43, 54, 70, 71, 84, 99,
105, 228, 236, 238, 376, 422
. , 49, 74, 95, 148,
231
, 180
, 48, 131, 141, 217,
252, 263, 347, 351
, 202, 382
, 41, 42, 90, 324, 351, 382
, 151
, 105, 123, 150, 151, 346
, 84, 105
, 335, 336
, 251, 337
, 335, 336
-, 335, 336, 337
-, 26, 38, 39,
41, 42, 43, 66, 83, 90, 92, 107, 108,
217, 253, 270, 310, 351, 368, 369,
372, 381, 383, 385, 387, 389, 392,
423, 437
, 120, 130, 140, 219, 250
. , 30, 33,
37, 45, 50, 54, 58, 62, 68, 71, 74, 75,
83, 85, 97, 98, 129, 186, 221, 240,
248, 250, 258, 259, 260, 264, 265,
286, 288, 291, 296, 300, 327, 335,
347, 366, 367, 373
, 67, 118
, 74, 84, 109, 116, 117, 118,
119, 265, 304
, 137, 152, 153, 154,
156, 267
, 61, 62, 77, 92, 98, 102, 116,
121, 125, 131, 137, 139, 140, 147,
218, 221, 222, 224, 225, 226, 227,
236, 243, 250, 252, 253, 273, 279,
334, 343, 344, 357, 362, 381, 387,
405, 424
, 54, 82, 89, 96, 97, 106, 130,
131, 137, 140, 142, 181, 272, 287,
290, 293, 294, 295, 313, 339, 347,
366
. , 48,
54, 67, 79, 90, 99, 100, 124, 129,
146, 230, 231, 280, 289, 332, 352,
364, 368
, 71, 82, 90, 119, 133, 134,

135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 169, 175,
185, 192, 199, 204, 205, 247, 263,
286, 332, 333, 351, 355, 357, 360,
374, 391
, 130, 140, 199, 219, 247, 250
, 120, 121, 122
, 124, 125
, 123, 151, 388
, 127, 128, 129
, 29, 35, 122, 124, 125, 126,
127, 129
, 123, 148
, 130, 143, 367
, 210
, 113, 114
, 156, 291
, 99, 100, 101, 102, 111,
132, 186, 320, 327, 342, 343, 344
, 103, 345
, 84, 106
, 54, 100, 101, 102, 105,
107, 112, 150, 328, 342, 343, 344,
346, 347, 348, 388
, 103, 340
, 74, 85, 145, 267, 299, 305,
339
, 123, 129, 133, 137, 148, 149,
156, 158, 180, 185, 274, 275
, 44, 49, 51, 61, 77
. , 49, 74, 95, 148, 231
, 263, 286, 289, 307
, 59, 60, 75, 82, 84, 106,
191, 246, 266, 269, 272, 284, 286,
287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293,
294, 295, 299, 300, 301, 305, 311,
313, 330, 339
, 8, 23, 26, 30, 35, 36, 37, 45,
48, 54, 58, 75, 103, 107, 112, 131,
158, 246, 254, 266, 269, 286, 287,
289, 292, 293, 307, 336, 344, 366,
378, 382, 424
, 266, 288, 291, 294, 295, 305
, 44, 48, 55, 59, 60, 74, 79,
80, 81, 83, 85, 100, 106, 109, 112,
116, 117, 118, 127, 182, 217, 240,
265, 270, 271, 272, 284, 290, 291,
299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305,
308, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313, 314,
328, 339, 342, 347, 364, 370
443
, 23, 26, 44, 45, 48, 49, 52, 53,
55, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 68, 78, 79,
80, 81, 83, 87, 109, 110, 111, 112,
265, 270, 271, 273, 289, 301, 302,
308, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313, 318,
327, 330, 335, 339
, 1, 38, 41, 51, 52, 53, 54, 56,
57, 58, 59, 60, 61
, 44, 45, 46, 47, 49, 62, 63, 64,
65, 66, 68, 84, 87, 90, 92, 314, 315
, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 60, 61,
62, 63, 64, 66, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73,
100, 112, 182, 301, 314, 328, 339,
342
, 48, 49, 50, 51, 53, 54, 55,
57, 59, 66, 67, 68, 71, 75, 76, 77, 78,
100
, 70
, 80, 310, 312, 313
, 48
, 74, 85, 299, 305, 340, 364
, 25, 45, 46, 58, 59, 60, 61,
63, 68, 69, 70, 71, 74, 83, 84, 85, 87,
90, 92, 105, 263, 265, 269, 289, 298,
299, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 307,
308, 309, 311, 314, 315, 316, 317,
338, 339, 340, 346
, 106, 272, 284, 290, 291,
300, 313, 339, 347
, 25, 27, 44,
109
, 186, 203, 204, 228, 342
, 210
, 123, 148, 149, 170, 267,
333, 340, 355, 360, 391
. , 38
. , 25, 38, 39, 40, 41,
42, 43, 54, 70, 71, 84, 99, 105, 228,
236, 238, 376, 417, 418, 419, 422,
427, 428, 433, 434, 435, 436, 437
, 158
, 51, 52, 68, 104
, 44, 49, 51, 52, 54, 59, 75, 77,
86, 95, 100, 112, 130, 143, 158, 185,
193, 198, 213, 220, 258, 268, 272,
275, 278, 281, 293, 299, 300, 301,
308, 320, 322, 323, 328, 330, 331,
332, 333, 338, 342, 351, 352, 354,
357, 358, 359, 362, 365, 367, 368,
378, 387
, 159, 160, 161, 163, 164,

166, 177, 218, 240, 314
, 84, 106, 290, 311, 339, 347
, 45, 58, 84, 105
, 120, 268, 279, 318, 321, 323
, 99, 111, 132, 186, 317, 318,
319, 320, 321, 322, 323, 327, 342
, 319
, 318, 319
uqueville, 96
, 137, 139, 140, 204, 205,
295, 373
, 27, 32, 42, 48,
72, 109, 112, 117, 264, 299, 327,
335, 365, 378
, 95
., 96
, 3, 41, 42, 296, 426,
432
, 230, 231, 232
, 94, 233, 234, 244
, 38, 229, 230, 231, 232, 238,
412, 414, 416, 430
, 93, 94, 96
, 93, 94, 97
, 92, 93, 94, 96, 97, 98
, 98
, 99, 341
, 98, 164, 207, 212
, 3, 21, 22, 25, 26, 27, 28, 31,
37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 54, 69, 70,
71, 72, 74, 84, 85, 99, 105, 109, 112,
122, 141, 202, 228, 236, 238, 247,
249, 264, 282, 296, 298, 300, 336,
344, 349, 353, 370, 372, 376, 377,
381, 382, 384, 407, 412, 414, 415,
416,421, 423, 424, 426, 427, 429,
430, 431, 432, 433, 438
, 43
, 81
, 43, 316
, 289, 311, 338, 346
, 1, 37, 41, 43, 96
, 27, 29, 37, 38, 39, 41, 42, 43,
69, 353
, 43, 44, 45, 46, 49, 68, 84, 90, 92
--, 26, 38, 39, 41,
42, 43, 66, 83, 90, 92, 108, 253, 270,
310, 368, 369, 372, 381, 383, 385,
392, 437
444
, 1, 41, 89, 96
, 46, 68, 84, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93,
333, 352, 358
, 89, 91, 93
, 91, 96
, 46, 68, 84, 90, 92
, 91, 92
, 89, 91
, 298, 305, 333, 355, 360,
364, 369, 391
, 216
, 115, 116
, 116
, 85, 116, 117, 265
, 74, 85, 109, 117, 118, 265,
276, 304
, 116
, 52, 53, 68, 77, 86, 370
, 240, 300, 373
, 29, 38, 84, 108,
140, 141, 255, 299, 344, 353, 366,
368, 389
, 49, 51, 67, 96, 103
, 52, 86, 90, 99, 111, 116,
131, 142, 200, 256, 366
, 159, 216
, 8, 25, 28, 35, 39, 41, 42,
44, 54, 68, 70, 75, 85, 100, 122, 155,
158, 181, 186, 191, 202, 231, 234,
237, 245, 246, 247, 248, 250, 252,
254, 257, 263, 265, 266, 268, 270,
271, 272, 273, 277, 282, 284, 291,
299, 300, 301, 302, 312, 313, 324,
328, 339, 340, 347, 351, 376, 378,
382, 384, 413, 423, 437
, 54, 59, 60, 106
, 59, 60, 80, 124, 125, 126,
129, 146, 192, 216, 223, 237, 248,
257, 258, 354, 359
, 264, 267, 270, 271, 274,
275, 276, 279, 301, 304, 310, 333,
339
, 220
, 255, 256
, 129, 131, 142,
366
, 112
, 220
, 23, 24, 25, 26, 37, 38, 45,
48, 53, 54, 58, 74, 75, 81, 85, 87, 90,
95, 96, 99, 100, 103, 104, 105, 124,

146, 149, 151, 158, 186, 191, 199,
202, 206, 219, 220, 230, 234, 235,
236, 240, 244, 246, 248, 249, 250,
254, 258, 259, 264, 265, 266, 267,
268, 269,270, 271, 273, 274, 275,
276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 285,
286, 287, 288, 289, 291, 292, 300,
304, 305, 308, 312, 314, 320, 322,
323, 325, 327, 330, 331, 332, 333,
340, 344, 352, 366, 368, 372, 373
, 29, 109, 112, 116, 117,
118, 119, 120, 129, 130, 131, 132,
140, 142, 143, 342, 345, 346, 351,
352, 353, 354, 357, 358, 359, 362,
364, 366, 367, 373
, 112, 198, 220, 263, 268,
278, 373
, 269, 270, 274, 276, 301,
310, 320, 323, 327, 328, 332, 333,
339, 340, 342
, 54, 60, 75, 80, 99, 100, 112,
117, 132, 158, 185, 186, 213, 248,
258, 351, 354, 357, 359, 365, 373,
385
, 58, 59,
120, 145, 235, 241, 242, 255, 256,
257, 301
, 108, 389
, 78
, 78
, 41, 95, 241, 242, 243
, 39, 41, 42, 159, 240, 241, 242,
243, 314
, 217, 237, 240, 241, 242, 243
, 159, 240, 314
, 46, 51, 67, 68, 84, 89, 90,
91, 92, 93, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137,
138, 139, 174, 175, 195, 254, 333,
338, 353, 358
, 53, 54, 95, 112, 130, 131,
133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139,
203, 220, 367
, 33, 71, 129, 131, 138, 142,
159, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166,
169, 170, 171, 175, 176, 181, 182,
183, 187, 194, 198, 208, 210, 213,
214, 216, 217, 226, 227, 240, 254,
296, 317, 366, 373
445
, 48, 90, 103, 104, 110, 119,
131, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138,
139, 163, 169, 170, 171, 174, 175,
181, 183, 186, 196, 197, 199, 204,
210, 211, 218, 225, 226, 228, 247,
248, 252, 280, 295, 325, 326, 333,
334, 340, 345, 353, 355, 356, 359,
360, 361, 364, 374, 391
, 29, 158, 246

, 247, 251, 282, 299, 378
, 250, 251, 336, 337
, 272, 284, 291, 299, 300, 301,
313, 339
, 301
, 137, 140, 181, 291, 318

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A COMPANION TO ANCIENT MACEDONIA. Edited by Joseph Roisman and Ian Worthington.

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A COMPANION TO ANCIENT MACEDONIA. Edited by Joseph Roisman and Ian

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