Landmark for the cervical spine: Arch of atlas 1 inch lat. 4mm up C2 Spine 1 inch lat.

2mm down C3 Spine 1 inch lat. 2mm down C4 Spine 1 inch lat. 2mm down C5 Spine 1 inch lat. 2mm down C6 Spine 1 inch lat. 2mm down C7 Spine 0.5 inch lateral

Atlantooccipital joint Articular pillar of C2 (C2-C3) Articular pillar of C3 (C3-C4) Articular pillar of C4 (C4-C5) Articular pillar of C5 (C5-C6) Articular pillar of C6 (C6-C7) Articular pillar of C7 (C7-T1)

From the external occipital protuberance going downward there is a gap. This is arch of atlas. Further going downwarwd we will find the spin process of 2nd cervical vertebra.

C7 Spin is longest and prominent.

Landmark for Thoracic Spine: spine of the Scapula corresponds to T2-T3 thoracic vertebral joint Inferior angle of Scapula corresponds to T7 Spine Spinous .5 inch process lateral T1 T2 T3 .5 inch T4 Facet joint T1-T2 T2-T3 T3-T4 T4-T5 .5 inch lateral Transvers .5 inch process lateral T1 T2 T3 T4 Ribs T1 T2 T3 T4 2 inch lateral Angle of ribs T1 T2 T3 T4

lateral 4mm up

.5 inch T4 T5 T6 T7
lateral 4mm down

T5 T5-T6 T6-T7 T7-T8 T8-T9 T5 T6 T7 T8 T6 T7 T8

T5

.5 inch lateral

T6 T7 T8

T8 T9 T10 T11 T12

T9-T10
T10-T11 T10-T11 T11-T12

T12-L1

T9 T10 T10 T11 T12

T9 T10 T10 T11 T12

T9 T10 T10 T11 T12

Landmark for the Lumber region Inferior angle of the ribs corresponds to spinous process of L2 vertebral. Iliac crest corresponds to L4-L5 vertebral joint. Spinous process 1 inch lateral L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 Mamillary process/ Facet joint L2 / (L1-L2) L3/ (L2-L3) L4 /(L3-L4) L5 /( L4-L5) S1 /(L5-S1) 0.5 inch lateral 0.5 inch below Transverse process L2 L3 L4 L5