L thuyt sng to TRIZ Vietsciences-D Trch Cc Bn thn mn, Va qua, anh D Trch c mt bi vit v Phng Php TRIZ.

Phng php ny l pht minh cu Genrich S. Altshuller (1926-1998). y l mt phng php rt hu hiu c th p dng c trong nhiu tnh hung cn cc gii php mi v k thut. Ton vn Anh ng cu ti c th tm thy qua i ch: http://www.mazur.net/triz/. Bi dch ch nhm trnh by cc ct li m chng ta cn bit p dng vo "i sng k thut sng to". Nay BBT xin trn trng gii thiu vi cc bn bi dch ny. Rt nhiu ngi trong chng ta cho rng sng to mang tnh bm sinh, tri ph. Nhng i vi nhng ngi theo thuyt sng to (TRIZ) th ci iu m tng chng rt thn b v c v ph thuc vo nng khiu rt nhiu nh vy cng c th HC HI c v hc hi mt cch rt c qui tc. Sau y l bn dch 40 nguyn tc sng to TRIZ v hy vng rng cc bn c th p dng mt cch thnh cng trong cng vic v i sng. Theo TRIZ ca Genrich S. Altshuller c 5 mc sng to: 1. Vn c gi quyt bng cc phng php trong chuyn ngnh. Khng cn sng to. Khong 32% gii php thuc loi ny 2. Ci tin cht t h thng c bng cch phng php bit trong ngnh cng nghip v thng c mt vi tha hip. Khong 45% gii php thuc loi ny 3. Ci tin c bn h thng c bng phng php bit ngoi ngnh cng nghip. Khong 18% gii php thuc loi ny 4. Mt th h mi s dng mt nguyn l mi thc hin nhng chc nng c bn ca h. Gii php tm thy mang tnh khoa hc nhiu hn cng ngh. Khong 4% gii php thuc loi ny 5. Mt pht hin khoa hc him hoi hay mt pht minh tin phong v mt h hon ton mi. Khong 1% gii php thuc loi ny Mc sng to 1 2 3 4 5 Gii php c Ci tin cht t Ci tin nhiu Khi nim mi Pht minh % gii php 32 45 18 4 1 Ngun kin thc S gii php c nghin cu 101 102 103 105 106 ngy 04 thng Ging nm 2005

Kin thc c nhn Kin thc cng ti Kin thc trong ngnh cng nghip Kin thc ngoi ngnh cng nghip Tt c kin thc ca loi ngi

40 nguyn tc sng to

1. Phn chia a. Chia vt th thnh nhng phn c lp b. To mt vt th lp ghp c. Tng mc phn chia ca vt th VD : g lp ghp, m un my tnh, thc gp 2. Trch on a. Trch (b hoc tch) phn hoc tnh cht nhiu lon ra khi vt th hoc, b. Trch phn hoc tnh cht cn thit VD : ui chim khi cc sn bay, s dng bng ghi m ting cc con chim ang s hi (m thanh c tch ra khi cc con chim) 3. c tnh nh x a. Chuyn cu trc (ca vt th hoc mi trng/tc ng bn ngoi) t ng nht sang khng ng nht b. Nhng b phn khc nhau thc hin nhng chc nng khc nhau c. t mi b phn ca vt th di cc iu kin hot ng ti u VD : - trnh bi t cc m than mt ci mn mau bng nc c dng hnh nn c dng cho cc b phn ca my khoan v my i. Mn cng mau th cng trnh bi tt nhng li lm cn tr vic quan st. Gii php l dng mt lp mn tha xung quanh nn mn mau. - Bt ch v ty trn cng mt ci bt 4. Bt i xng a. Thay mt hnh i xng thnh mt hnh khng i xng b. Nu vt th bt i xng ri th tng bt i xng VD : - lm mt mt ca lp xe khe hn mt kia chu c tc ng ca l ng - khi tho ct t bng mt ci phu i xng, ct to ra mt ci vm l, gy ra dng chy bt thng. Mt ci phu bt i xng s loi tr hiu ng to vm ny 5. Kt hp a. Kt hp v khng gian nhng vt th ng nht hoc nhng vt th dnh cho nhng thao tc k nhau b. Kt hp v thi gian nhng thao tc ng nht hoc k nhau VD : yu t hot ng ca mt my xc quay c nhng ci vi hi c bit lm tan v lm mm t ng cng 6. Tng hp Vt th hot ng a chc nng loi b mt s vt th khc VD : - gh sofa c chc nng ca mt ci ging - gh ca xe ti nh c th iu chnh thnh ch ngi, ch ng hoc hng ha 7. Xp lng a. mt vt th trong lng mt vt th khc, vt th khc ny li trong lng mt vt th th ba b. Chuyn mt vt th thng qua mt khong trng ca mt vt th khc VD : - ng ten c th thu ngn li c - gh c th cht chng ln nhau ct i

- Bt ch vi nhng mu ch d tr bn trong 8. i trng a. B tr trng lng ca vt th bng cch ni vi mt vt th khc m c mt lc y b. B tr trng lng ca vt th bng tng tc vi mi trng cung cp kh hoc thy ng lc VD : - thit b nng thn tu - cnh sau ca xe t ua c th tng p sut t t ln mt t 9. Phn hot ng trc tin a. Thc hin phn hot ng trc tin b. Nu vt th chu p lc th cung cp cung cp mt phn p lc trc VD : - gia c ct hoc nn mng - gia c trc to thnh t vi ng trc tin c vn theo mt s gc c bit 10. Hot ng trc tin a. Trc tin thc hin tt c hoc mt phn hot ng b. Sp xp cc vt th sao cho chng c th i vo hot ng trong mt khong thi gian hp l v t mt v tr thch hp VD : - li dao tin ch to vi ng rnh cho php phn cn ca li dao c th c b i, li phn sc - Xi mng cao su hnh chai rt kh c th xp cht v ng nht. Thay vo n c thnh hnh bng. 11. phng B tr cho tnh khng tin cy ca vt th bng bin php tr a trc tin VD : hng ha c b tr ngn cn vic n cp 12. ng th Thay i iu kin lm vic sao cho khng phi nng ln hoc h xung VD : du ng c t c cng nhn thay trong cc h gm trnh s dng nhng dng c nng bc t tin 13. o ngc a. Thay cho mt hnh ng iu khin bi cc chi tit k thut ca bi ton, p dng mt hnh ng ngc li b. Lm cho phn chuyn ng ca vt th hot mi trng bn ngoi ca vt th tr nn bt ng v nhng phn bt ng tr thnh chuyn ng c. Lt p vt th VD : khi mi vt th th di chuyn vt mi ch khng di chuyn bn chi nh th bn chi s b mn hn 14. Lm trn a. Thay nhng vt th thng hoc b mt bng phng thnh nhng mt cong ; thay th hnh lp phng thnh hnh cu b. S dng con ln, vt hnh xon c c. Thay th chuyn ng thng bng chuyn ng quay ; tn dng lc li tm VD : my tnh s dng con chut c cu trc trn thnh chuyn ng hai chiu trn mn hnh 15. Nng ng a. To mt vt th hoc mi trng ca n t ng iu chnh ti ch ti u ti mi trng thi hot ng

b. Chia vt th thnh nhng phn nh m c th thay i v tr tng i vi nhau c. Nu vt th bt ng th lm cho n chuyn ng v c th trao i c VD : - n chp vi ci c ngng linh ng gia thn v bng n - mch mu trong c th ngi c hnh ng. gim cn hoc mch mu khng qu ti, ch mt na mch mu c dng ng c th m ra. 16. Hnh ng mt phn hoc qu mc Nu kh c th t 100% hiu qu mong mun th c t n ci n gin nht VD : - mt ng xi lanh c sn bng cch bm sn, nhng bm qu nhiu sn. Lng sn tha c ly ra bng cch quay nhanh ng xi lanh - c th ly ht bt kim loi ra khi ci thng, ngi ng ai c mt cai phu c bit c th bm cung cp p sut c nh bn trong thng 17. Chuyn ng ti mt chiu mi a. Loi b cc bi ton bng cch dch chuyn mt vt th trong mt chuyn ng hai chiu (tc l dc theo mt phng) b. Dng t hp chng chp a lp thay cho n lp c. Lm nghing vt th hoc quay n ln cnh ca n VD : mt nh knh c mt gng cu lm pha bc ca ngi nh ci thin nh sng pha thng qua phn x nh sng ban ngy 18. Rung ng c hc a. t vt th vo th rung ng b. Nu rung ng ri th tng tn s, thm ch n tn tn s sng siu m c. S dng tn s cng hng d. Thay p rung cho rung c hc e. Dng rung ng siu m vi t trng VD : - b khun c ra khi vt th m khng hi n b mt vt th, ca tay thng thng c thay bng dao rung ng - rung khun c trong khi vt liu vo gip dng chy ca vt liu v cc tnh cht cu trc 19. Hnh ng tun hon a. Thay mt hnh ng lin tc thnh mt hnh ng tun hon (xung) b. Nu mt hnh ng tun hon ri th thay i tn s c. S dng xung gia cc xung lc cung cp hnh ng b xung VD : - tc ng m c nn dng xung lc hn l mt lc lin tc - n bo nhy sng c tc dng thu ht ch hn n pht sng lin tc 20. Lin tc ha hnh ng hiu qu a. Thc hin mt hnh ng lin tc (khng ngh) trong tt c cc phn ca vt th hot ng ht cng sut b. Loi b cc hnh ng khng hiu qu v trung gian VD : mt ci khoan c cnh ct cho php ct theo chiu ti v lui 21. Dn t ngt Thc hnh cc thao tc c hi hoc mo him vi tc tht nhanh

VD : my ct ng kim loi mng c th trnh cho ng khng b bin dng trong qu trnh ct khi ct vi tc nhanh 22. Chuyn thit thnh li a. S dng nhng yu t c hi hoc cc tc ng mi trng thu nhng hiu qu tch cc b. Loi b nhng yu t c hi bng vic kt hp n vi mt yu t c hi khc c. Tng tc ng c hi n khi n t trit tiu tnh c hi ca n VD : - ct si ng cng khi vn chuyn qua thi tit lnh. Nu qu lnh (dng ni t lng) lm cho nc tr nn gin, cho php rt c - khi nung nng chy kim loi bng l cao tn, ch c phn ngoi tr nn nng. Hiu ng ny c dng nung nng b mt. 23. Thng tin phn hi a. M u thng tin phn hi b. Nu c thng tin phn hi th o ngc n VD : - p sut nc t mt ci ging c duy tr bng vic o p sut ra v bt bm nu p sut qu thp - Nc v nc c o mt cch tch bit nhng cn kt hp tnh tng khi lng ring. V nc rt kh c th pha ch mt cch chnh xc, do n c o trc. Khi lng c vo mt dng c iu khin nc, c th pha ch vi liu lng cn thit. 24. Mi gii a. Dng mt vt th trung gian truyn hay thc hin mt hnh ng b. Tm thi ni mt vt th vi mt vt th khc m n d dng c tho b i VD : lm gim nng lng mt mt khi t mt dng in vo mt kim loi nng chy, ngi ta dng cc in cc c lm ngui v cc kim loi nng chy trung gian c nhit nng chy thp hn 25. T phc v a. Lm cho vt th t phc v v thc hin nhng thao tc b sung v sa cha b. Tn dng vt liu v nng lng b i VD : - trnh cho ng ng phn b cc vt liu mi mn, b mt ca ng c ph mt loi vt liu trng n mn - trong mt ci sng hn in, thanh trn c a ln bng mt dng c c bit. n gin h thng thanh c a ln bng mt cun dy c dng in cp cho mi hnh chy qua 26. Sao chp a. Dng mt bn sao n gin v r tin thay cho mt vt th phc tp, t tin, d v hay bt tin b. Thay th mt vt th bng bn sao hoc hnh nh ca n, c th dng thc tng hoc gim kch thc c. Nu cc bn sao quang hc c dng, thay chng bng nhng bn sao hng ngoi hoc t ngoi VD : chiu cao hoc chiu di ca vt th c th c xc nh bng cch o bng ca chng 27. Vt th r tin, tui th ngn thay cho vt th t tin, tui th di Thay mt vt th t tin bng nhiu nhng vt th r tin c t u im hn (v d tui th km i) VD : giy v sinh dng mt ln 28. Thay th h c hc a. Thay th h c hc bng h quang, m hoc khu gic (mi)

b. Dng in, t, in t trng tng tc vi vt th c. Thay th cc trng 1. Trng tnh bng cc trng ng 2. Trng c nh bng trng thay i theo thi gian 3. Trng ngu nhin bng trng cu trc 4. Dng mt trng kt hp vi cc ht st t VD : tng lin kt ca lp sn kim loi v vt liu do nng, qu trnh c thc hin bn trong mt trng in t, trng ny to lc tc ng ln kim loi 29. Xy dng kh, thy lc hc Thay th cc phn cng rn ca vt th bng kh hoc cht lng. Cc phn ny c th dng khng kh hoc nc phng ln, hoc dng m hi hay m thy tnh VD : - tng cn ca ha cng nghip, mt ci ng hnh xoy c vi cc vi c dng. Khi nhng lung khng kh i qua cc vi, ci ng s to ra mt bc tng kiu kh, lm gim vt cn - vn chuyn nhng d v ngi ta dng phong b bt kh hoc vt liu bt 30. Mng linh ng hoc mng mng a. Thay cu trc truyn thng bng cu trc lm t mng linh ng hoc mng mng b. C lp vt th ra khi mi trng xung quanh bng cch s dng mng linh ng hoc mng mng VD : trnh hi nc bc bay ra khi l cy, ngi ta ti mt lp nha tng hp. Sau mt thi gian lp nha cng li v cy pht trin tt hn v mng nha cho php xi lu thng qua tt hn hi nc 31. Dng vt liu xp a. Dng vt th xp hoc cc yu t xp (chn, ph, ) b. Nu mt vt th xp th lm y cc l chn lng trc bng mt vi cht liu VD : trnh bm cht lng lm ngui vo my mt s b phn ca my c nht y cc vt liu xp thm ht cc cht lng . Hi lm ngui khi my lm vic lm cho my ngui ng nht trong thi hn ngn 32. i mu a. i mu ca vt th hoc nhng th quanh n b. i trong sut ca vt th hoc qu trnh m kh c quan st c. Dng b sung mu quan st cc vt th hoc qu trnh kh quan st d. Nu dng b sung mu th dng cc yu t khc theo di VD : - mt ming gc trong sut c th cho php theo di vt thng m khng cn tho ra - mn chn nc bo v cng nhn my cn thp khi b bng nhng mn cung khng cn tr vic quan st thp nng chy. Ngi ta lm cho nc c mu to mt hiu ng lc ( gim bp cng nh sng) trong khi vn gi tnh trong sut ca nc 33. Tnh ng nht Lm cc vt th tng tc vi vt th u tin bng cng loi vt liu hoc vt liu rt gn vi vt th u tin VD : b mt ca mng chuyn vt th cng c lm cng loi vt liu vi vt th chy trn cho php phc hi lin tc b mt ca mng 34. Nhng phn loi b v ti sinh

a. Mt yu t ca vt th sau khi hon thnh chc nng hoc tr nn v dng th hy loi b hoc thay i n (vt b, phn hy, lm bay hi, ) b. Loi b ngay lp tc nhng phn ca vt th khng cn tc dng VD : - ca tt ca vin n c ly ra ngay sau khi sng bn - Phn thn ca tn la tch ra sau khi lm ht chc nng ca n 35. Chuyn pha l ha ca vt th Thay i trng thi kt tp, phn b mt , linh ng, nhit ca vt th VD : trong mt h c nhng vt liu d v, b mt ca ci vn xoy trn c c to thnh t vt liu do vi hai l xo xoy c. iu khin qu trnh, bc ca inh c c th thay i t xa 36. Chuyn pha ng dng cc hiu ng trong qu trnh chuyn pha ca vt liu. V d trong khi thay i th tch, bc t do hay hp th nhit VD : ng dng trong t lnh h nhit xung thp 37. Gin n nhit a. Dng vtt liu c th co gin theo nhit b. S dng cc vt liu khc nhau vi cc h s gin n nhit khc nhau VD : iu khin ng m ca s trong nh knh, mt tm gm hai kim loi c ni vi ca s. Khi nhit thay i th s lm cho tm cong ln hoc cong xung lm cho ca s ng m 38. S dng cht xi ha mnh a. Thay khng kh thng bng mi trng nhiu khng kh b. Thay mi trng giu khng kh bng xi c. X l vt th trong mi trng giu khng kh hoc xi bng phng x ion ha d. S dng xi ion ha VD : thu nhiu nhit hn t ngn la, xi c cung cp thay cho khng kh thng 39. Mi trng kh tr a. Thay mi trng thng bng mi trng kh tr b. Thc hin qu trnh trong chn khng VD : trnh bng khi bt la trong kho hng, ngi ta dng kh tr khi vn chuyn ti khu tp kt 40. Vt liu composite Thay vt liu ng nht bng vt liu composite VD : cnh ca my bay lm bng vt liu composite cho khe v nh hn Vietsciences.free.fr D Trch