KOMPOSIT SECTIONS Sometimes sections of beams or columns can be made of 2 or more different materials such as a sandwich section or compbined

beam and concrete deck as shown below.

Both materials may be bolted or glued but they are supposed to act together / combined as a whole unit. In sandwich section the internal core takes the shear and the outer skin takes the bending .

Outer skin

Inner core

Composite section

If the section is acting as a whole , then the strain across section is still linear .

Ec (compressive strain)

Neutral axis

Et( tensile strain)

Because a stronger materials such as steel has a higher E value compared to concrete , a higher load is taken by the steel and the stress is not uniform as in a homogenous section.

Skin stress

Core stress

In timber Steel

Timber

Stress in steel

We have to convert the section into a transformed section so that we can analyze the stress in the section.

E steel

E timber

The Modula ratio = 203.4 / 12.1 = 16.8 So in a section shown below the steel plate can be converted into a timber plate by;

B
timber

Steel

16.8 B

Example

Determine the maximum bending stress to the timber and steel if the applied moment on the above section is 5.65 kNm. E ( steel) = 203.4 kN/mm2 E ( timber) = 12.1 kN/mm2 M ( Modula ratio ) = 203.4/12.1 = 16.8 Transformation B = 75 x 16.8 = 1260 mm

1260mm 6.25mm

137.5mm

Stress at top of section = 8.15 N/mm2

Actual Steel Stress at this top section = 8.15 x 16.8 = 136.92 N/mm2

Maximum bending stress ( at timber section ) where y = 137.5 / 2 = 68.75mm

steel

Timber stress

If the sandwich composite section is made of outer skin cement board and inner core lightweight concrete of density 1000 kg/m3 , find out the maximum bending stress in the cement board and stress at the LWC section.