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:3
:

:
)(013754403
)(028659480

 .1
.1 .
.2 .
.3 , .
.4 , , .
.5 .
.6 .

.2
" .5

.3
.1 HeNe 0.5.
.2 GaLaAs 8.
.3 .
.4 .Y-X
.5 .
.6.
.7.
.8.
.9 .
.10 .
.11 .
.12 ,

 .4
4.1

) (w .a
HeNe , ,633nm ) (
0.9mm 1.5mm, 1.8mm
a
, :

2a 2
Pt = P0 1 exp 2

-Pt
-P0 ) (
-a
-w
, ) ( ,
)
.(10cm
.
: a=0.9mm
2a 2
2 (0.9 10 3 ) 2
=
= 1.42mm
P0
6.1
(ln
)
(ln
)
6.1 4.15
P0 Pt

=w

:
]w [mm

]Pt [mW

NA
1.42
1.65
2.2

]Po [mW

6.1
NA
6.1
4.15
6.1
5.7
6.1
5.78
1

]a [mm

0.9
1.5
1.8

:
, .
.

 4.2
.
:

:1
:
2 w2 2 w1
z 2 z1

= tan

6.1
Z1 .Z2- .0.9mm
:
Z1) w1-(

][rad
3.50E-06
8.98E-07

]w [m
2.27E-06
2.62E-06
2.54E-06

]Po [mW] Pt [mW] Z [m

5.7
2.91
0.4
5.7
2.63
0.6
5.7
2.69
1

:2 Z

]a [mm
0.9
0.9
0.9

 4.3
] P[mW
].X[mm
.

.0.1mm .
2 :

:2 .
:
]P [mW
Z=100cm
4.18
4.16
3.83
3.16
2.49
1.8
1.06
0.58
0.28
0.12
0.04

]P [mW
Z=60cm
4.2
4.18
3.86
3.24
2.57
1.86
1.2
0.64
0.32
0.13
0.04
3

]P [mW
Z=25cm
4.4
4.37
4.06
3.39
2.65
1.89
1.21
0.73
0.34
0.14
0.03

X
][mm
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1

Power Distribution
4.5
z=25cm
z=60cm
z=100cm

4
3.5
3

]Power[mW

2.5

1.5
1
0.5

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

]x[mm

:1 .
:
)
( ,
.3

:3

 4.4
.
:
0 360-.
:
.

:5
:
: 1.8mW :
, 0-360-
,1.04mW )
( ,
.

50-.
: .0
) ' ( ,
"",
- ""
.

 .4.5
4.5.1

. 6 )
( )(.

:6
:
Ym d
= m
D

-Ym Y
-D
-d
-m ).(m=0, 1, 2
,d, 633nm
, , , ,D=104cm
.
)
( m = 0 ) .( m = 1
.

 :
Y = 3mm :

,
d=(3-^10*3)/((2-^10*104)*(9-^10*633)) =0.2mm

:7

sinc -

 4.5.2
" pinhole 30

104cm.

:8
" jinc,

10

 4.6
) .(6
,
/ ) "fringes",
(.

:9

) (9

11

 :10
, , )
(
:
,L=20cm :

L
) 2 = 20(cm
2

= Lc

12