As we have discussed in the previous section, in the case of amplitude modulation we generate new frequencies corresponding to the side

bands. Hence for generating the AM signal, we need to have a system containing a non-linear element and with two inputs and an output. Obviously, the two inputs are modulating and carrier waves and the output is an amplitude modulated wave. The transistor amplifier is the most commonly used circuit with non-linear element. The dc current and voltage conditions in the amplifying device in the absence of the signal are known as operating conditions. The point describing these conditions on the output characteristics of the device is known as an operating point. If the device is biased so that (i) a dc current flows in the amplifying device even in the absence of any input signal; and (ii) after application of the signal, the device neither goes in saturation nor in cut-off but remains in the active region of its characteristics, then such circuit is known as a class A amplifier. When in.