Tm hiu v Agent

I HC QUC GIA THNH PH H CH MINH

TRNG I HC CNG NGH THNG TIN

N TR TU NHN TO NNG CAO

TI:TM HIU V AGENT V CHNG TRNH DEMO

Ging vin:PGS.TS. Vn Nhn

Sinh vin thc hin:
Trn Quc Tun-09520451
Dng
c
Bnh-09520014

TP.H Ch Minh, Thng 1 nm 2013

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Tm hiu v Agent

NHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN

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Tm hiu v Agent

Contents
NHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN ................................................................ 2

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Tm hiu v Agent

I.

Tm hiu v Agent
Agent
a. Khi nim agent:
C rt nhiu khi nim v Agent.Nguyn nhn chnh dn ti nhiu nh ngha
tc t l cc tc gi khc nhau thng c yu cu khc nhau v cc c im
ca tc t ty theo ng dng c th ca mnh.
Theo mt nh ngha thng c s dng:
Agent l mt h tnh ton hon chnh hay chng trnh c t trong mt
mi trng nht nh, c kh nng hot ng mt cch t ch v mm do
trong mi trng nhm t c mc ch thit k.
b. Cc c Trng ca Agent

Tnh t ch (autonomy): Mi agent c mt trng thi ring, c lp vi cc

agent khc (t ch trng thi bn trong) ng thi n c th t quyt nh
cc hnh ng ca mnh (t ch v hnh ng). T ch trang thi bn
trong th hin ch: mi agent cha mt trng thi no ca ring n, cc
agent khc khng truy nhp c vo cc trng thi ny. Cn tnh t ch v
hnh ng th hin ch agent c th t quyt nh cc hnh ng ca mnh
(c th l mt hnh ng n hoc l mt chui cc hnh ng) da trn
trng thi hin thi m khng c s can thip ca con ngi hay cc agent
khc. Tnh t ch chnh l c trng quan trng nht ca agent.

Kh nng phn ng (reactivity): Tnh phn ng l kh nng agent c th

nhn bit c mi trng (qua b phn cm nhn no ) v da qua nhn
bit , agent p ng kp thi nhng thay i xy ra trong mi trng. Tnh
phn ng th hin r nht cc agent hot ng trn cc mi trng c tnh
m v hay thay i nh Internet, mi trng mng phn tn, mi trng vt
l, Phn ng ca mi mt agent i vi mi trng bn ngoi u hng
ti vic thc hin mc tiu (ch) ca agent .

Tnh ch ng (pro-activeness): Khi c s thay i ca mi trng, agent

khng ch phn ng mt cch n gin m cn xc nh mt chui hnh
ng cn thc hin, bn thn mi agent s ch ng trong vic khi ng v
thc hin chui hnh ng ny.

Kh nng x hi (social ability): Cc agent khng ch hng ti ch ring

ca mnh m cn c kh nng tng tc vi cc agent khc trong h thng

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Tm hiu v Agent
hng ti ch chung ca h thng. Cc hot ng tng tc ny rt a dng
bao gm phi hp, thng lng, cnh tranh

H a Agent
a. Khi Nim:
Kh nng ca mi agent th hin nng lc gii quyt vn ca ring
agent . Trong mt h thng c th, thng thng ti nguyn dnh cho
mi agent l hn ch do kh nng hnh ng ca mi agent cng l hn
ch. Mi agent ch tp trung gii quyt mt vn ti mt v tr c th no
ch khng th gii quyt c ht cc vn t ra cho h thng. Trong
cc h phn tn phc tp, h a agent c xem l h x l thng tin c
nhiu ha hn.
C th hiu h a agent l mt tp cc agent cng hot ng trong mt h
thng, mi agent c th c ch khc nhau nhng ton b h agent cng
hng ti mc ch chung thng qua tng tc.
Qu trnh tnh ton v x l thng tin trong h a agent c xem l c
nhiu u im hn so vi cc h thng khc nh h i tng [20]:
- Kh nng tnh ton hiu qu.: H a agent cung cp kh nng tnh ton hiu
qu hn nh qu trnh tnh ton c phn chia cho cc agent khc nhau v
kh nng phi hp cng x l ca nhiu agent.
- tin cy cao: Do c nhiu agent cng tham gia gii bi ton v cc agent
c c ch trao i, kim tra kt qu nn tin cy tnh ton trong h a agent
c cho l cao hn.
- Kh nng m rng: H a agent l h m v c th c thm cc agent mi
hoc bt i cc agent khi cc agent hon thnh nhim v. Kh nng ny ph
hp vi tnh m ca yu cu cc h phn mm hin nay.
- Tnh mnh m: H a agent c th x l c cc bi ton ra quyt nh
phc tp hoc cc bi ton da trn thng tin khng chc chn nh cc bi
ton thng lng trong thng mi in t, cc bi ton iu khin t
ng...
- Kh nng bo tr: Do h a agent gm nhiu agent, mi agent l mt module
c tnh t ch cao nn h a agent l h d bo tr.
- Kh nng phn ng: H a agent k tha kh nng phn ng ca cc agent
n nn khi nhn bit c mt thay i ca mi trng th cc agent trong

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Tm hiu v Agent
h thng s phi hp vi nhau a ra hnh ng tng ng vi thay i
Tnh linh hot: Cc agent trong h a agent c kh nng khc nhau c th
tng tc vi nhau cng gii quyt mt vn chung. Mt agent trong h
thng khng phi ch agent khc m ch ng tng tc tm ra thng tin
cn thit gii quyt vn t ra cho ring mnh.
- Kh nng s dng li: H a agent c kh nng s dng li v mi agent c
kh nng ring v c th dng li cho nhiu ng dng khc nhau.

b. Tng Tc trong H Agent

Vi mi h agent c th c xy dng th mc ch chung ca h thng
v mc ch ring ca tng agent c th khc nhau, thm ch khng tng
thch nhau. V d trong h thng mi in t, nu agent mua c nhim
v mua c hng vi gi cng r cng tt th agent bn li c mc ch
l bn vi gi cng cao cng tt. S thng nht v mu thun v mc ch
ca cc agent trong h thng dn n s a dng ca cc m hnh tng
tc trong h a agent. Nh vy, tng tc trong h a agent c nhng c
trng ring khc bit so vi tng tc a i tng. Vai tr ca tng tc
trong h a agent c th c tng kt nh sau:

Thng qua tng tc, mi agent s thu thp thng tin v tri thc nhm t
c ch (goal) ring ca mnh v hng ti ch chung ca c h
thng.

Tng tc to nn tnh ng cho h a agent. Qua tng tc, h thng c

th c m rng hay thu hp mt cch d dng, nht l vi cc h a
agent s dng agent trung gian.

Qu trnh tng tc khng ch din ra gia cc agent m cn c th din

ra gia cc h agent khc nhau. Khi , kh nng phi hp gia cc h
thng gii quyt cc vn phc tp tng ln nhiu ln.

Tng tc gia cc agent quyt nh kin trc v hot ng ca h a

agent . Thng qua vic xem xt cc tng tc cn c gia cc agent,
ngi thit k h thng c th xy dng kin trc h thng v phn tch
nhim v mt cch r rng cho tng agent.

Tng tc gia cc agent gip tch hp cc ngun thng tin trong h thng. Trong
h tch hp thng tin, mi agent i din cho mt ngun thng tin nht nh. Cc
ngun thng tin ny thng l khng ng nht, c biu din theo nhng cch
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Tm hiu v Agent
khc nhau. Thng qua tng tc, thng tin gia cc ngun s c tch hp
thu c nhng thng tin cn thit

c. Cc m hnh tng tc:

Hp tc: Hai bn cng thc hin mt cng vic chung (cng tc)
hoc cng vic ca bn ny l bc tin cho bn kia (Phi hp).
Hnh thc tng tc ny thng xut hin khi cc agent c chung mc
ch, nhim v hoc cng thc hin mt tin trnh phc tp nht nh.

Cnh tranh: Hai bn cnh tranh nhau v thng tin, hoc quyn li

(thng lng) hoc hon ton tri ngc nhau v li ch (i u).

Nh vy, c th c cc loi hnh tng tc nh sau:
Tng tc

Hp tc

Phi hp

Cng tc

Cnh tranh

Thng lng

i u

Hnh 2.2: Cc loi hnh tng tc

Phn 2.3.2 s trnh by mt s m hnh tng tc theo cch phn loi ny.

II.

Chng trnh Demo m phng H Agent

a. Cc nh ngha:
Mi Agent l mt cu th. Mi cu th c mt phm vi hot ng ring tm
gi l Area. Khi bng xm nhp vng Area th cu th ny s t ng theo km
bng. Cc Agent (cu th) v Area ca tng cu th nh sau
1.

Agent GoalKeeper (Th Mn)

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-

Area ca th mn ch b hp trong vng 5m50.

2.

Agent CBPlayer(Trung v)
Trong hnh l Area ca v tr CB (Trung v)

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3.

Agent SB (Hu v bin)

4.

Agent CM (tin v tr)

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5.

Agent SM(tin v cnh)

6.

Agent CF(tin o)

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b. Cch thc hot ng ca cc agent

- Agent GK (th mn)

o GK l mt agent bnh thng. Di chuyn sang tri hoc sang
phi ty hng bng. m bo lun lun i mt vi tri bng.
- Agent CB (trung v)
o Trung v c mt v tr gi l DefPos, l v tr bnh thng m
trung v phi gi (tc l lun lun v tr ).
o Nu bng vt qua phn sn i phng, trung v c th di
chuyn ln cao hn mt cht nhm c th km tin o i
phng kp thi hn.
o i phng dt bng xm nhp vo vng Area th trung v
s theo km ngay.
o Nu c bng, trung v s dt bng ln pha trn v chuyn cho
cu th gn . Trung v khng bao gi dt bng qua sn i
phng.
- Agent SB (hu v cnh)
o Hu v cnh c cch thc hot ng ging trung v. Ch khc
ch DefPos ca SB dt ra 2 cnh.
o Nu c bng, hu v cnh cng s dt bng ln pha trn v
chuyn cho cu th gn . Hu v cnh khng bao gi dt
bng qua sn i phng.
- Agent CM (tin v tr)
o Tin v tr c cch thc hot ng y chang trung v. Ch khc
ch DefPos ca CM c v tr cao hn ca CB.
o Tin v tr nu c bng s chuyn cho tin o.
- Agent SM (tin v cnh)
o Tin v cnh c DefPos dt ra 2 cnh ging SB nhng v tr
cao hn.
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o Nu bng xm nhp Area, SM s theo km.

o Nu bng vn ang phn sn i phng, SM s dng ln.
Ngc li, SM s li v phng ng.
o Nu c bng, tin v cnh s di chuyn st vng 16m50 v
chuyn vo cho tin o.
- Agent CF (Tin o)
o Tin o l mt agent thng minh.
o Nu bng sn i phng, tin o s theo km ngay. Ngc
li tin o s khng li v nh SM m li nhm gy p lc.
o Nu c bng, tin o s dn thng n khung thnh v ghi bn.

c. Thut gii chung cho cc agent nh sau:

if (khng c bng)
If (bng gn mnh v i phng ang gi)
Thc hin vic chui bng;
Else if (bng gn mnh nhng khng ai gi bng)
Di chuyn ti bng;
If (bng sn i phng)
Dng cao;
Else if (bng nm trong khu area)
Theo km;//Di chuyn ti bng
Else
Li V phng ng;
Else//c bng
Dt bng ln pha trn;
Tm cch chuyn cho ng i (nu khng phi l tin o);
Hoc dt bng n khung thnh i phng v st bng.

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