Chuyn LTH mn Ton Thy Trn Phng.

Chuyn 01 Hm s

Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit Tng i t vn: 1900 58-58-12
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* Hm a thc bc 3:
Bi 1:
Tm a hm s
3 2
4
( ) 2(1 sin ) (1 os2 ) 1
3
f x x a x c a x = + + + t cc tr ti x
1
, x
2
tha mn iu kin:
2 2
1 2
1 x x + =
Gii:
Hm s c C, CT f(x) = 4x
2
4(1- sina)x + (1 + cos2a) = 0 c 2 nghim phn bit = 4(1
sina)
2
4(1 + cos2a) > 0
3sin
2
a 2sina 1 > 0
sina <
1
3
(*)
Vi k (*) th f(x) c 2 nghim phn bit x
1
, x
2
v hm t cc tr ti x
1
, x
2
. Theo viet ta c: x
1
+ x
2
= 1-
sina; x
1
.x
2
1 os2
4
c a +
=

Gi thit:
2 2
1 2
1 x x + = (x
1
+ x
2
)
2
2x
1
x
2
= 1

2
1 cos 2
(1 sin ) 1
2
a
a
+
=
2sin
2
a 2sina -1 = 0
1 3
sin
2
1 3
sin
2
a
a

+
=

So snh k (*) ta suy ra sina
1 3
2

=
1 3
arcsin 2
2
,
1 3
arcsin 2
2
a k
k Z
a k

= +

= +

t
t t

Bi 2:
Cho hm s
3 2
1 1 3sin 2
( ) (sin cos )
3 2 4
a
f x x a a x x = + +
1. Tm a hm s lun ng bin.
2. Tm a hm s t cc tr ti x
1
, x
2
tha mn iu kin x
1
+ x
2
=
2 2
1 2
x x +
Gii:
BI 03.
CC TR HM A THC V HM PHN THC
P N BI TP T LUYN
Chuyn LTH mn Ton Thy Trn Phng. Chuyn 01 Hm s

Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit Tng i t vn: 1900 58-58-12
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Ta c: f(x) = x
2
(sina + cosa)x
3sin 2
4
a
+
1. Hm s lun ng bin f(x) 0, x R e
= (sina + cosa)
2
3sin2a 0
1- 2sin2a 0 sin2a
1
2
>

5
2 2 2 (1)
6 6
k a k + s s +
t t
t t
2. Hm s c C, CT f(x) = 0 c 2 nghim phn bit
> 0 a khng tha mn (1)
Vi k trn th f(x) c 2 nghim phn bit x
1
, x
2
v hm t cc tr ti x
1
, x
2
.
Theo viet ta c x
1
+ x
2
= sina + cosa; x
1
.x
2

3sin 2
4
a
=
iu kin
2 2
1 2 1 2
x x x x + = + x
1
+ x
2
= (x
1
+ x
2
)
2
2x
1
.

x
2
sina + cosa = (sina + cosa)
2

3sin 2
(2)
2
a

t t = sina + cosa = 2 os( )
4
c a
t
sin2a = t
2
1, do k nn
2
1
1
2
t <
3
2
t s
Khi (2) tr thnh:
t = t
2

2
3
( 1)
2
t t
2
+ 2t 3 = 0
1
3
t
t
=

So snh k suy ra ch c t = 1 tha mn, nn
1
os os
4 4 2
c a c
| |
= =
|
\ .
t t
2
2
2
a k
a k
=

= +

t
t
t

Bi 3:
Tm m hm s
3 2
3
( )
2
m
f x x x m = + c cc C v CT nm v pha ca ng thng y = x.
Gii:
Hm s c C v CT f(x) = 3x
2
3mx = 0 c 2 nghim phn bit
m 0. Khi f(x) c 2 nghim phn bit x
1
= 0; x
2
= m
ta 2 im C, CT l: A(0; m); B(m;
3
2
m
m )
Chuyn LTH mn Ton Thy Trn Phng. Chuyn 01 Hm s

Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit Tng i t vn: 1900 58-58-12
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Hai im A, B nm v hai pha ca ng thng y = x hay x y = 0 khi v ch khi: (0 m)(m m
3
2
m
+ ) <
0
4
0
2
m
< , lun ng vi m 0.
Vy S: m 0
* Hm a thc bc 4:
Bi 4:
Tm m hm f(x) = x
4
4x
3
+ x
2
+ mx 1 c cc i, cc tiu.
Gii:
Hm f(x) c cc i, cc tiu f(x) = 4x
3
- 12x
2
+ 2x + m = 0 c 3 nghim phn bit g(x) = 4x
3
-
12x
2
+ 2x = -m c 3 nghim phn bit.
Xt hm f(x) ta c: g(x) = 12x
2
24x + 2 = 0
6 30
6
6 30
6
x
x

+
=

T ta v c BBT ca hm g(x) trn R (hs t v)
Vy g(x) = -m c 3 nghim phn bit th hm g(x) ct ng thng
y = -m ti 3 im phn bit
6 30 6 30
6 6
g m g
| | | |
+
< <
| |
| |
\ . \ .


6 30 6 30
6 6
g m g
| | | |
+
< <
| |
| |
\ . \ .


10 30 10 30
6 6
9 9
m < < +
Bi 5 :
Cho hm s f(x) = x
4
+ 2x
3
+ mx
2
. Tm m hm ch c cc tiu m khng c cc i.
Gii:
Ta c : f(x) = 4x
3
+ 6x
2
+ 2mx = 0
x(2x
2
+ 3x + m) = 0

2
0
( ) 2 3 0
x
g x x x m
=

= + + =

Ta c
g
= 9 8m
TH1: Nu
g
0 m
9
8
> th g(x) 0, x . Suy ra f(x) trit tiu v i du t - sang + ti x = 0 nn t
cc tiu ti x = 0 v khng c cc i.
Chuyn LTH mn Ton Thy Trn Phng. Chuyn 01 Hm s

Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit Tng i t vn: 1900 58-58-12
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TH2: Nu
g
> 0
9
8
m < th g(x) c 2 nghim phn bit. k hm ch c cc tiu m khng c cc i
l: g(0) = 0 m = 0 (tha mn)
Vy cc gi tr cn tm ca m l:
0
9
8
m
m
=

>

Bi 6:
CMR hm s f(x) = x
4
6x
2
+ 4x + 6 lun c 3 cc tr ng thi gc ta O l trng tm ca tam gic
c 3 nh l 3 im cc tr
Gii:
Ta c: f(x) = 4x
3
12x + 4
Hm f(x) lin tc trn R, ngoi ra ta c: f(-2) = -4; f(0) = 4; f(1) = -4; f(2) = 12
f(-2).f(0) < 0; f(0).f(1) < 0; f(1).f(2) < 0
f(x) c 3 nghim phn bit -2 < x
1
< 0 < x
2
< 1< x
3
< 2
Vy f(x) c 3 cc tr, gi 3 im cc tr l A(x
1
; y
1
); B(x
2
; y
2
) v C(x
3
; y
3
)
Ta thc hin php chia f(x) cho f(x) c:
f(x)
1
4
= f(x) (3x
2
4x 6)
Suy ra
2
3 4 6; 1; 2;3
k k k
y x x k = + + =
p dng viet cho f(x) ta c:
1 2 3
1 2 2 3 1 3
0
3
x x x
x x x x x x
+ + =

+ + =

Nn y
1
+ y
2
+ y
3
= -3
2
1 2 3 1 2 2 3 1 3
( ) 2( . . . ) x x x x x x x x x ( + + + +

+ 4(x
1
+ x
2
+ x
3
) + 18
= 6.(-3) + 18 = 0
Do 3 nh A, B, C nhn gc ta O l trng tm.
Bi 7 :
CMR: f(x) = x
4
+ px + q 0, x R e 256q
3
27p
4

Gii :
f(x) = 4x
3
+ p = 0 x
3
4
p
= , t ta v c bbt ca hm f(x)
T bbt suy ra f(x) 0, x R e

3
min ( ) ( ) 0
4
p
f x f

= >
Chuyn LTH mn Ton Thy Trn Phng. Chuyn 01 Hm s

Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit Tng i t vn: 1900 58-58-12
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4
3 3
0
4 4
p p
p q
| |

+ + >
|
|
\ .

256q
3
27p
4
(pcm)
Bi 8 :
Tm m hm s
4 2
1 3
( )
4 2
f x x mx = + ch c cc tiu m khng c cc i.
Gii:
Li gii ging bi tp s 2 trn. S l m 0
Bi 9:
Tm m hm s f(x) = mx
4
+ (m-1)x
2
+ (1 2m) c ng 1 cc tr
Gii:
f(x) = 4mx
3
+ 2(m 1)x = 0
2
0
( ) 2 1 0
x
g x mx m
=

= + =

- Nu m = 0 th g(x) v nghim, khi f(x) c 1 cc i.
- Nu m= 1 th g(x) c nghim kp x = 0, khi f(x) ch c 1 cc tiu.
- Nu 0 < m < 1 th g(x) c 2 nghim phn bit khc 0, khi f(x) c 3 cc tr.
- Nu m < 0 hoc m > 1 th g(x) v nghim, khi f(x) c 1 cc tr
- Vy cc gi tr cn tm ca m l:
0
1
m
m
s

>

Bi 10:
CMR hm s f(x) = x
4
x
3
5x
2
+ 1 c 3 im cc tr nm trn mt parabol.
Gii:
Ta c f(x) = 4x
3
3x
2
10x = 0.
x(4x
2
3x 10) = 0
0
5
2
2
x
x
x
=

Suy ra f(x) lun c 3 im cc tr, ta chia f(x) cho f(x) ta c:
2
1 1 43 5
( ) '( ) 1
4 16 16 8
f x x f x x x
| | | |
= + +
| |
\ . \ .

Do honh 3 im cc tr l nghim ca f(x), suy ra ta 3 im cc tr s tha mn
2
43 5
1
16 8
y x x

= +
Vy 3 im cc tr nm trn mt parabol
2
43 5
1
16 8
y x x

= + .
Chuyn LTH mn Ton Thy Trn Phng. Chuyn 01 Hm s

Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit Tng i t vn: 1900 58-58-12
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* Hm phn thc bc 2/ bc 1:
Bi 1: Tm m hm s
2 2
(2 3) 4 x m x m m
y
x m
+ + + +
=
+
c 2 cc tr tri du.
Li gii: Hm s c 2 cc tr tri du
2 2
2
2 3
' 0
( )
x mx m m
y
x m
+ +
= =
+
c 2 nghim tri du g(x) = x
2
+
2mx + m
2
3m = 0 c 2 nghim tri du v u khc m.
2
3 0
( ) 3 0
c
m m
a
g m m

= <

= =

0 < m < 3
Bi 2: Tm m
2
1
x x m
y
x
+ +
=
+
c 2 cc tr nm v 2 pha ca trc tung Oy
Li gii: Hm s c 2 cc tr
2
2
2 1
' 0
( 1)
x x m
y
x
+ +
= =
+
c 2 nghim phn bit
g(x) = x
2
+ 2x + 1- m = 0 c 2 nghim phn bit khc -1
' 0
0
( 1) 0
m
m
g m
A = >
>

= =

Vi k , gi x
1
; x
2
l 2 nghim phn bit ca g(x). Khi hm s y c 2 cc tr A(x
1
; y
1
); B(x
2
; y
2
),
trong :
2 2
1 1 1 1 1
1 1
1 1
( )
2 1
1 1
x x m x x m g x
y x
x x
+ + + + +
= = = +
+ +

2 2
2 2 2 2 2
2 2
2 2
( )
2 1
1 1
x x m x x m g x
y x
x x
+ + + + +
= = = +
+ +

Hm s c 2 cc tr nm v 2 pha ca trc tung Oy
y
1
.y
2
< 0 (2x
1
+ 1)(2x
2
+ 1) < 0
4x
1
.x
2
+ 2(x
1
+ x
2
) + 1 < 0
4(1- m) - 4 + 1 < 0

1
4
m >
Vy
1
4
m >
Bi 3: Tm m hm s
2
( 0)
x mx m
y m
x m
+
= =

c 2 cc tr tri du
HDG: Cch gii hon ton ging nh bi tp 1. S: 0 < m < 1
Chuyn LTH mn Ton Thy Trn Phng. Chuyn 01 Hm s

Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit Tng i t vn: 1900 58-58-12
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Bi 4: Tm m hm s
2
3( 2)
1
x mx m
y
x
+ +
=

c C, CT nm v hai pha ca trc Ox

HDG: Cch gii hon ton nh bi tp 2. S: 6 60 6 60 m < < +
Bi 5: Tm m hm s
2
( 1) 1 x m x m
y
x m
+ + +
=

c y
C
.y
CT
> 0
HDG: Cch gii hon ton nh bi tp 2. S:
7 52
7 52
m
m

<

> +

Bi 6: Tm m hm s
2
5 x mx m
y
x m
+
=

c C, CT cng du
HDG: Cch gii hon ton nh bi tp 2. S:
1 21
2
1 21
5
2
m
m

<

+
< <

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