ang Quoc Anh

18

ISDN Technology

Phan II: 2.1

ISDN (Intergrated Services Digital Network)

Tong quan ve ISDN

2.1.1 Khai niem ve ISDN 2.1.1.1Nguyen ly ISDN Cung cap that nhieu ng dung thoai va phi thoai trong cung mot mang va xay dng giao tiep ngi s dung mang a dch vu bang mot so gii han cac ket noi. ISDN cung cap nhieu ng dung khac nhau bao gom cac ket noi chuyen mach va khong chuyen mach. Cac ket noi chuyen mach cua ISDN bao gom chuyen mach thc, chuyen mach goi va s ket hp cua chung. Cac dch vu mi phai tng hp vi cac ket noi so chuyen mach 64 kbit/s. ISDN phai cha s thong minh e cung cap cho cac dch vu, bao dng va cac chc nang quan ly mang. Tuy nhien s thong minh nay co the khong u cho mot vai dch vu mi va can c tang cng t mang hoac t s thong minh thch ng trong cac thiet b au cuoi cua ngi s dung. S dung cau truc kien truc phan lp lam ac trng cua truy xuat ISDN. Truy xuat cua ngi s dung en nguon ISDN co the khac nhau tuy thuoc vao dch vu yeu cau va tnh trang ISDN cua tng quoc gia. Can thay rang ISDN c s dung vi nhieu cau hnh khac nhau tuy theo hien trang mang vien thong cua tng quoc gia.

2.1.1.2S phat trien cua ISDN S phat trien cua ISDN da vao cac khai niem cua mang ien thoai IDN va them cac chc nang va ac tnh cua cac mang khac v du nh chuyen mach thc va chuyen mach goi so lieu e cung cap cho cac dch vu hien tai va tng lai. S qua o t mang hien thi len ISDN co the keo dai en vai thap nien. Trong thi gian qua o nay phai thc hien phoi hp gia dch vu ISDN va dch vu tren cac mang khac.

ISDN Technology

19

ang Quoc Anh

Trong s qua o len ISDN ket noi so gia 2 iem c thc hien qua cac thiet b truyen dan va chuyen mach tren mang hien co. Trong thi gian au cua viec phat trien ISDN mot vai s thc hien ngi s dung mang qua o phai phu hp cac quoc gia cu the e thuan tien tham nhap sm cac dch vu so: + mot vai hnh thc qua o a c CCITT (tien than cua ITUT) khuyen ngh, + cac hnh thc qua o khac tuy theo tng quoc gia ma co the tuan theo mot phan hay toan bo cac khuyen ngh loat I (I-Series) cua CCITT (ITU-T). Sau nay ISDN dai rong co the co cac ket noi chuyen mach vi toc o d lieu cao hoac thap hn 64 kbit/s.

2.1.1.3Giao dien ngi s dung Figure 1/I.410 cho thay mot vai v du ve cac giao dien ngi s dung mang ISDN la: 1) truy xuat t mot thiet b au cuoi ISDN, 2) truy xuat t nhieu thiet b au cuoi ISDN, 3) truy xuat t cac tong ai noi bo a dch vu, cac LAN, 4) truy xuat t cac trung tam x ly va lu tr thong tin ac biet. Cac giao dien nay phai co the cho phep: 1) cac loai thiet b au cuoi va cac ng dung co the s dung chung mot giao dien, 2) di chuyen de dang cac thiet b au cuoi t ni nay en ni khac trong mot quoc gia hay t quoc gia nay en quoc gia khac, 3) tach biet s phat trien cua thiet b mang va thiet b au cuoi cung nh cong nghe va cau hnh, 4) ket noi hieu qua vi cac trung tam x ly va lu tr thong tin ac biet cung nh cac mang khac. 2.1.1.4Muc tieu cua ISDN 1) 2) Tieu chuan hoa (standardization): Cac tieu chuan giup chung ta: co kha nang truy xuat toan cau, giam chi ph thiet b do s canh tranh cua nhieu nha san xuat, dung cau truc phan lp nen de thay the, nang cap thiet b. Tnh trong suot (transparency): Trong suot la dch vu c cung cap oc lap va khong tac ong en d lieu c truyen cua ngi s dung.

ang Quoc Anh

20

ISDN Technology

3) 4) 5) 6) -

Tnh trong suot cho phep ngi s dung phat trien cac nghi thc va cac ng dung ma khong chu tac ong cua ISDN, ngi s dung co the dung ky thuat mat ma hoa e gi b mat thong tin. Tach biet cac chc nang co the canh tranh. Cung cap cac dch vu thue han (leased services) va chuyen mach (switched services). Khung cc ph phu thuoc gia thanh (cost-related tariffs): va oc lap vi kieu d lieu ang c truyen dan. Chuyen oi dan dan (smooth migration) sang ISDN: Giao dien ISDN phai c xay dng t cac giao dien hien co va phai thiet ke cac giao thc gia ISDN va cac mang hien thi.

Phai co cac thiet b thch ng e cho phep cac thiet b au cuoi co trc ISDN co the giao tiep vi ISDN. Phai co cac nghi thc giao thc cho phep nh tuyen d lieu xuyen qua mang hon hp ISDN/phi ISDN. Phai co cac bo bien oi nghi thc cho phep phoi hp gia cac dch vu ISDN va cac dch vu tng ng trong cac mang phi ISDN.

ISDN Technology

21

ang Quoc Anh

7)

Phai co kha nang dung nap hon hp (multiplexed support) PABX va LAN.

2.1.1.5Li ch t ISDN 1) Vi ngi s dung: Tiet kiem chi ph va uyen chuyen: + khong can mua nhieu dch vu rieng le, + gia re hn mua le tng dch vu, + ch can lap at mot giao dien nen gia thanh re hn. Li ch t tieu chuan hoa toan cau: + hng li t s canh tranh: gia ca, kha nang dch vu, a dang hoa san pham, + cho phep de thay the thiet b va thiet b t b lac hau do tieu chuan rat t khi c thay oi. Vi cac nha cung cap mang: th trng manh toan cau, cac tieu chuan giao tiep cho phep thay oi thiet b, ky thuat ma khong anh hng en khach hang. Vi cac nha san xuat: co the yen tam nghien cu san xuat thiet b nh s bao am cua mot nhu cau ln, kha nang canh tranh cua cac nha san xuat nho tang. Vi cac nha cung cap dch vu m rong: tang lng khach hang nh khach hang khong can mua them thiet b ac biet. Bat li: chi ph chuyen sang ISDN cao, t pha khach hang khi ho phai au t cho viec lap at bo NT rat ton kem (gia en gan 1000 US$), t pha mang phai tang gia thanh dch vu mi bu ap c chi ph lam cho so khach hang quan tam t i va lai lam cho chi ph tiep tuc tang cao ac biet khi mot so tong ai van con la tng t khi phai chuyen sang so, so ng day ISDN tai Hoa Ky cho ti nay van ch hn 1 trieu tren tong so hn 150 trieu ng day ien thoai, x ly qua trnh chuyen oi lau dai, phc tap do van con s dung mang IDN cu vi chat lng so hoa khong eu, toc o thong tin so lieu 2 64 kbps la cha thc s cao khi toc o MODEM tren PSTN theo ITU-T V.90 hien nay a len en 56 kbps at c bang MODEM V.90 co gia xap x 10 US$, phng phap x ly cuoc goi so lieu vi thi lng ngan t thi ISDN mi ra i khong thch ng c vi cuoc goi so lieu keo dai hang vai tieng ong ho khi dch vu Web tren Internet phat trien va ngi

2) 3) 4) 5) -

ang Quoc Anh

22

ISDN Technology

s dung t cho ch truyen so lieu n thuan a chuyen sang kham pha, thng thc Internet lam thng xuyen tac nghen he thong chuyen mach, truyen dan. 2.1.1.6Kien truc ISDN a) Cac nh ngha Cau hnh chuan (reference configurations): la cac cau hnh (co tnh) khai niem dung e phan biet cac bo tr khac nhau co the co trong ISDN. Cac cau hnh chuan da tren c s cac quy tac phoi hp gia cac nhom chc nang (functional groupings) va cac iem chuan (reference points). Nhom chc nang (functional groupings): la tap hp cac chc nang can thiet nao o e bo tr ISDN. iem chuan (reference points): la cac iem (co tnh) khai niem cho ket noi gia cac nhom chc nang

b)

Mo hnh kien truc c ban cua ISDN Figure 1/I.324 cho thay 8 chc nang chuyen mach va bao hieu chnh cua

ISDN: Cac chc nang lien he ket noi (connection related function: CRF) cuc bo. Cac thc the chc nang chuyen mach thc 64 kbit/s. Cac thc the chc nang phi chuyen mach toc o 64 kbit/s. toc o cao hn se c ISDN dai rong cung cap va sau nay se la mot mach ao thng trc (permanent virtual circuit) cua ATM. Cac thc the chc nang chuyen mach goi. Cac thc the chc nang chuyen khung d lieu (frame mode). Cac thc the chc nang bao hieu kenh chung lien ai. Cac thc the chc nang chuyen mach thc toc o ln hn 64 kbit/s. Cac thc the chc nang phi chuyen mach toc o ln hn 64 kbit/s: toc o cao hn se c ISDN dai rong cung cap va sau nay se la mot mach ao thng trc (permanent virtual circuit) cua ATM. Cac chc nang lp cao (high layer functions: HLF) c s dung trong (hay lien he vi) ISDN co the c truy xuat bang mot trong cac chc nang c mo ta tren. Nhng thc the chc nang nay co the c s dung trong mot mang ISDN hoac c cung cap bi cac mang lien quan hay cac nha cung cap dch vu chuyen biet. -

ISDN Technology

23

ang Quoc Anh

Lo w la ye r ca pabi litie s (B LL F an d A LLF) > 64 kb it/s n on- switched capa bilities > 64 kbit/s switch ed ca pab ilities

a)

Hig h la ye r cap abi litie s c) (BHLF and A HLF)

64 kbit/s circuit n on -switche d capa bilities 6 4 kbit/s cir cuit-switche d cap abil ities P acket switching capa bilitie s TE o r ser vi ce p rovider

TE

b)

b)

Fra me mode ca pa bilities Use r-ne two rk signa lling

Common cha nn el si gna lling capab ilities d)

User -to -user (use r-to -network) sign allin g TE BLL F ALL F BHL F AHL F Te rmina l eq uip ment B asic l ow la ye r fun ctio ns A dd itio nal lo w layer functions B asic h igh la yer fun ction s A dd itio nal hi gh layer fu ncti ons
T1812710-91

a) In certain national situations, ALLF may also be implemented outside the ISDN, in special nodes or in certain categories of terminals. b) The ISDN loca l functional capabilities correspond to functions provided by a local excha nge and possibly including other equipment, suc h as electronic cross connect equipment, muldexes, etc. c) These functions may either be implemented within ISDN or be provided by separate networks. Possible a pplications for basic high layer functions and for additional high layer functions ar e contained in Recommendation I.210. d) For signalling between international ISDNs, CCITT Signalling System No. 7 shall be used.

FIGURE 1/I.324 Bas ic architectural model of an ISDN

2.1.2 Tieu chuan hoa ISDN 2.1.2.1Cac c quan tieu chuan hoa ITU-T: International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization vi tien than la CCITT (Comite Consultatif International Telegraphique et Telephonique). ANSI: American National Standardization Institute. IEEE: Institute for Electrical and Electronic Engineer.

ang Quoc Anh

24

ISDN Technology

ETSI: European Telecom Standards Institute. ISO: International Organization for Standardization.

2.1.2.2Cau truc cac khuyen ngh loat I (I-Series) cua ITU-T S phat trien cua ISDN c ieu hanh bi cac khuyen ngh loat I (Iseries) cua ITU-T an hanh lan au tien vao nam 1984. Thc ra, vao nam 1968 CCITT a thanh lap mot nhom nghien cu ac biet D (Special Study Group D) nghien cu lnh vc cong nghe so trong mang ien thoai ma sau nay tr thanh Study Group XVIII chuyen nghien cu ve ISDN. moi phien hop toan the nhom nghien cu gan nhiem vu cu the cho chu ky 4 nam ke tiep. Nam 1968, Study Group D bat au nghien cu tat ca cac van e lien quan en tieu chuan hoa truyen dan so thoai PCM va hp tac vi cac nhom nghien cu khac ve cac lnh vc so. Khuyen ngh G.702 an hanh nam 1972 nh ngha nh sau ve ISDN: An integrated digital network in which the same digital switches and digital paths are used to establish for different services, for example, telephony, data. Trong chu ky sau o (1973-1976) a co cac tien bo trong cong nghe truyen dan so. Hn na, thiet b chuyen mach so bat au xuat hien trong cac phong th nghiem. V vay, viec xay dng mang so tch hp a tr nen hien thc. Nam 1976, a ra i mot loat cac khuyen ngh bao gom chuyen mach so cung nh he thong bao hieu mi (Number 7) dung cho cac mang so sau nay. Trong chu ky 1977-1980, CCITT tap trung vao viec tch hp cac dch vu tren IDN (Integrated Digital Network): s tch hp cac dch vu da tren viec cung cap giao tiep ngi s dung mang tieu chuan cho phep ngi s dung dung c cac dch vu khac nhau qua mot so cac nghi thc ong bo va ISDN se phat trien da tren c s mang ien thoai so. Trong chu ky tiep theo (1981-1984) a anh dau s ra i cua cac khuyen ngh loat I va du cho cac khuyen ngh nay cha that s hoan chnh va on nh th no cung a u e cac nha san xuat thiet b, cac nha cung cap dch vu bat au phat trien cac thiet b ISDN va minh hoa c cac dch vu lien he en ISDN va cau hnh mang. Trong chu ky 1985-1988 CCITT a hoan thien chi tiet cac khuyen ngh loat I va a m ng cho s phat trien cua ISDN trong nhng nam cuoi cua thap nien 80 the ky trc.

ISDN Technology

25

ang Quoc Anh

Operations and other aspects Other Recommendations I.200-Series Service aspects I.100-Series General ISDN concept Structure of Recs. Terminology General methods I.300-Series Network aspects I.500-Series Internetwork interfaces
T1301680-93/D01

I.600-Series Maintenance principles

Recommendations in the E, F, G, H, Q, S, T, V, X, etc., Series covering characteristics of particular existing and future networks and elements

I.400-Series User-network interface aspects

NOTE Models, reference configurations, tools, methods, are contained in the appropriate I-Series Recommendations.

FIGURE 1/I.120 Structure of I-Series Recommendations and their relationship with other Recommendations

Figure 1/I.120 cho ta cau truc cac khuyen ngh loat I (I-Series) cua ITU-T. a) Cac khuyen ngh loat I.100 (I.100-Series) - Cau truc chung Terminology I.112 (03/93) Vocabulary of terms for ISDNs I.113 (11/93) Vocabulary of terms for broadband aspects of ISDN I.114 (03/93) Vocabulary of terms for universal personal telecommunication Description of ISDNs I.120 (03/93) Integrated services digital networks (ISDNs) I.121 (04/91) Broadband aspects of ISDN I.122 (03/93) Framework for frame mode bearer services General modelling methods I.130 (11/ 88) Method for the characterization of telecommunication services supported by an ISDN and network capabilities of an ISDN Telecommunication network and service attributes

ang Quoc Anh

26

ISDN Technology

I.140 (03/93) Attribute technique for the characterization of telecommunication services supported by an ISDN and network capabilities of an ISDN I.141 (11/88) ISDN network charging capabilities attributes General description of asynchronous transfer mode I.150 (11/95) B-ISDN asynchronous transfer mode functional characteristics b) Cau truc cac khuyen ngh loat I.200 (I.200-Series) - Kha nang cung cap dch vu

Scope I.200 (11/88) Guidance to the I.200-Series of Recommendations General aspects of services in ISDN I.210 (03/93) Principles of telecommunication services supported by an ISDN and the means to describe I.211 (03/93) B-ISDN service aspects Common aspects of services in the ISDN I.220 (11/88) Common dynamic description of basic telecommunication services I.221 (03/93) Common specific characteristics of services

ISDN Technology

27

ang Quoc Anh

Bearer services supported by an ISDN I.230 (11/88) Definition of bearer service categories I.231 Circuit-mode bearer service categories I.231.1 (11/88) 64 kbit/s unrestricted, 8 kHz structured I.231.10 (08/92) Circuit-mode multiple-rate unrestricted 8 kHz structured bearer service category I.231.2 (11/88) 64 kbit/s, 8kHz structured, usable for speech information transfer I.231.3 (11/88) 64 kbit/s, 8kHz structured, usable for 3.1 kHz audio information transfer I.231.4 (11/88) Alternate speech / 64 kbit/s unrestricted, 8 kHz structured I.231.5 (11/88) 2 x 64 kbit/s unrestricted, 8 kHz structured I.231.6 (11/88) 384 kbit/s unrestricted, 8 kHz structured I.231.7 (11/88) 1536 kbit/s unrestricted, 8 kHz structured I.231.8 (11/88) 1920 kbit/s unrestricted, 8 kHz structured I.231.9 (03/93) Circuit mode 64 kbit/s 8 kHz structured multi-use bearer service category I.232 Packet-mode bearer services categories I.232.1 (11/88) Virtual call and permanent virtual circuit I.232.2 (11/88) Connectionless bearer service category This service has only been identified and requires further study I.232.3 (03/93) User signalling bearer service category (USBS) I.233 Frame mode bearer services I.233.1 (10/91) ISDN frame relaying bearer service I.233 1 and 2 published together I.233.2 (10/91) ISDN frame switching bearer service I.233 1 and 2 published together Teleservices supported by an ISDN I.240 (11/88) Definition of teleservices I.241 Teleservices supported by an ISDN I.241.1 (11/88) Telephony I.241.2 (11/88) Teletex I.241.3 (11/88) Telefax 4 I.241.4 (11/88) Mixed mode I.241.5 (11/88) Videotex I.241.6 (11/88) Telex I.241.7 (03/93) Telephony 7 kHz teleservice I.241.8 (10/95) Teleaction stage one service description Supplementary services in ISDN I.250 (11/88) Definition of supplementary services

ang Quoc Anh

28

ISDN Technology

I.251.1 (08/92) Direct-Dialling-In I.251.2 (08/92) Multiple Subscriber Number I.251.3 (08/92) Calling Line Identification Presentation I.251.4 (08/92) Calling Line Identification Restriction I.251.5 (02/95) Connected Line Identification Presentation (COLP) I.251.6 (02/95) Connected Line Identification Restriction (COLR) I.251.7 (08/92) Malicious call Identification I.251.8 (08/92) Sub-addressing supplementary service I.252 Call offering supplementary services I.252.1 (11/88) Call Transfer (CT) I.252.2 (08/92) Call Forwarding Busy I.252.3 (08/92) Call Forwarding No Reply I.252.4 (08/92) Call Forwarding Unconditional I.252.5 (08/92) Call Deflection I.252.6 (11/88) Line Hunting (LH) I.253 Call completion supplementary services I.253.1 (07/90) Call waiting (CW) supplementary service I.253.2 (08/92) Call Hold I.253.3 (11/88) Completion of calls to busy Subscribers (CCBS) I.254 Multiparty supplementary services I.254.1 (11/88) Conference calling (CONF) I.254.2 (08/92) Three-Party Supplementary Service I.255 Community of interest supplementary services I.255.1 (08/92) Closed User Group I.255.2 (11/88) Private Numbering Plan (PNP) I.255.3 (07/90) Multi-level precedence and preemption service (MLPP) I.255.4 (07/90) Priority service I.255.5 (08/92) Outgoing call barring I.256 Charging supplementary services I.256.2b (03/93) Advice of charge: charging information during the call (AOc-D) I.256.2c (03/93) Advice of charge: charging information at the end of the call (AOc-E) I.256.2a (03/93) Advice of charge: charging information at call set-up time (AOc-S) I.256.3 (08/92) Reverse charging I.257 Additional information transfer supplementary services I.257.1 (10/95) User-to-User Signalling I.258.1 (10/95) Terminal portability (TP) supplementary service I.258.2 (02/95) In-call modification (IM)

ISDN Technology

29

ang Quoc Anh

c)

Cau truc cac khuyen ngh loat I.300 (I.300-Series) Cac chc nang va cac lnh vc tren toan mang

ISDN functional principles (Rec. I.310)

Reference models ( I.320-Series Recs.)

Network functional specification Rels. (I.340-Series Recs.)

Numbering, routing and addressing (I.330-Series Recs.)

Network performance (I.700-Series Recs.)

Maintenance and testing (I.600-Series Recs.)

T182006 0-93/d0 1

FIGURE 1/I.310 ISDN network series of Recommendations

Network functional principles I.310 (03/93) ISDN - Network functional principles I.311 (03/93) B-ISDN general network aspects I.312 (10/92) Principles of intelligent network architecture This Recommendation is published with the double number Q.1201 and I.312. Reference models I.320 (11/93) ISDN protocol reference model I.321 (04/91) B-ISDN protocol reference model and its application I.324 (10/91) ISDN network architecture I.325 (03/93) Reference configurations for ISDN connection types General aspects I.326 (11/95) Functional architecture of transport networks based on asynchronous transfer mode Reference models I.327 (03/93) B-ISDN functional architecture I.328 (10/92) Intelligent network - Service plane architecture This Recommendation is published with the double number Q.1202 and I.328. I.329 (10/92) Intelligent network - Global functional plane architecture

ang Quoc Anh

30

ISDN Technology

This Recommendation is published with the double number Q.1203 and I.329. Numbering, addressing and routing I.330 (11/88) ISDN numbering and addressing principles I.331 (11/88) Numbering plan for the ISDN era This Recommendation is published under alias number E.164. I.333 (03/93) Terminal selection in ISDN I.334 (11/88) Principles relating ISDN numbers/sub-addresses to the OSI reference model network layer addresses Connection types I.340 (11/88) ISDN connection types Performance objectives I.350 (03/93) General aspects of quality of service and network performance in digital networks, including ISDNs I.351 (03/93) Relationships among ISDN performance Recommendations I.352 (03/93) Network performance objectives for connection processing delays in an ISDN I.353 (03/93) Reference events for defining ISDN performance parameters I.354 (03/93) Network performance objectives for packet-mode communication in an ISDN I.355 (03/95) ISDN 64 kbit/s connection type availability performance I.356 (11/93) B-ISDN ATM layer cell transfer performance Protocol layer requirements I.361 (11/95) B-ISDN ATM layer specification I.362 (03/93) B-ISDN ATM adaptation layer (AAL) functional description I.363 (03/93) B-ISDN ATM adaptation layer (AAL) specification I.363 Addendum (11/93) B-ISDN ATM adaptation layer (AAL) specification Published with I.363 I.364 (11/95) Support of the broadband connectionless data bearer service by the B-ISDN I.365.1 (11/93) Frame relaying service specific convergence sublayer (FR-SSCS) I.365.2 (11/95) Service specific coordination function to provide the connection-oriented network service I.365.3 (11/95) Service specific coordination function to provide the connection-mode transport service

ISDN Technology

31

ang Quoc Anh

General network requirements and functions I.370 (10/91) Congestion management for the ISDN frame relaying bearer service I.371 (03/93) Traffic control and congestion control in B-ISDN I.372 (03/93) Frame relaying bearer service network-to-netwrok interface requirements I.373 (03/93) Network capabilities to support universal personal telecommunication (UPT) I.374 (03/93) Framework Recommendation on "network capabilities to support multimedia services" I.376 (03/95) ISDN network capabilities for the support of teleaction service d) Cac khuyen ngh loat I.400 (I.400-Series) Giao dien ngi s dung mang ISDN I.410 (11/88) General aspects and principles relating to Recommendations on ISDN user-network interfaces I.411 (03/93) ISDN user-network interfaces - Reference configurations I.412 (11/88) ISDN user-network interfaces - Interface structures and access capabilities I.413 (03/93) B-ISDN user-network interface I.414 (03/93) Overview of Recommendations on layer 1 for ISDN and B-ISDN customer accesses Application of I-series Recommendations to ISDN user-network interfaces I.420 (11/88) Basic user-network interface I.421 (11/88) Primary rate user-network interface Layer 1 Recommendations I.430 (11/95) Basic user-network interface - Layer 1 specification I.431 (03/93) Primary rate user-network interface - Layer 1 specification I.432 (03/93) B-ISDN user-network interface - Physical layer specification Layer 2 Recommendations I.440 (11/88) ISDN user-network interface data link layer - General aspects This Recommendation is published under alias number Q.920. I.441 (03/93) ISDN user-network interface, data link layer specification This Recommendation is published with the double number Q.921 and I.441.

ang Quoc Anh

32

ISDN Technology

Layer 3 Recommendations I.450 (11/88) ISDN user-network interface layer 3 - General aspects This Recommendation is published under alias number Q.930. I.451 (11/88) ISDN user-network interface layer 3 specification for basic call control This Recommendation is published under alias number Q.931. I.452 (11/88) Generic procedures for the control of ISDN supplementary services This Recommendation is published under alias number Q.932. Multiplexing, rate adaption and support of existing interfaces I.460 (11/88) Multiplexing, rate adaption and support of existing interfaces I.461 (11/88) Support of X.21, X.21 bis and X.20 bis based data terminal equipments (DTEs) by an integrated services digital network (ISDN) This Recommendation is published under alias number X.30. I.462 (11/88) Support of packet mode terminal equipment by an ISDN This Recommendation is published under alias number X.31. I.463 (11/88) Support of data terminal equipments (DTES) with V-series type interfaces by an integrated services digital network (ISDN) This Recommendation is published under alias number V.110. I.464 (10/91) Multiplexing, rate adaption and support of existing interfaces for restricted 64 kbit/s transfer capability I.465 (11/88) Support by an ISDN of data terminal equipment with Vseries type interfaces with provision for statistical multiplexing This Recommendation is published under alias number V.120. Aspects of ISDN affecting terminal requirements I.470 (11/88) Relationship of terminal functions to ISDN e) Cau truc cac khuyen ngh loat I.500 (I.500-Series) Giao dien mang mang ISDN I.500 (03/93) General structure of the ISDN interworking Recommendations I.501 (03/93) Service interworking I.510 (03/93) Definitions and general principles for ISDN interworking I.511 (11/88) ISDN-to-ISDN layer 1 internetwork interface I.515 (03/93) Parameter exchange for ISDN interworking I.520 (03/93) General arrangements for network interworking between ISDNs

ISDN Technology

33

ang Quoc Anh

I.525 (03/93) Interworking between ISDN and networks which operate at bit rates of less than 64 kbit/s I.530 (03/93) Network interworking between an ISDN and a public switched telephone network (PSTN) I.540 (11/88) General arrangements for interworking between circuit switched public data networks (CSPDNs) and integrated services digital networks (ISDNs) for the provision of data transmission This Recommendation is published under alias number X.321. I.550 (11/88) General arrangements for interworking between packet switched public data networks (PSPDNs) and integrated services digital networks (ISDNs) for the provision of data transmission This Recommendation is published under alias number X.325. I.555 (11/93) Frame relaying bearer service interworking I.560 (11/88) Requirements to be met in providing the telex service within the ISDN This Recommendation is published under alias number U.202. I.570 (03/93) Public/private ISDN interworking I.580 (11/95) General arrangements for interworking between B -ISDN and 64 kbit/s based ISDN f) Cac khuyen ngh loat I.600 (I.600-Series) Nguyen ly bao dng I.601 (11/88) General maintenance principles of ISDN subscriber access and subscriber installation I.610 (11/95) B-ISDN operation and maintenance principles and functions g) Cac khuyen ngh loat I.700 (I.700-Series) Cac lnh vc thiet b BISDN ATM equipment I.731 (03/96) Types and general characteristics of ATM equipment I.732 (03/96) Functional characteristics of ATM equipment

I.500 X.300 X.301

General level

ISDN

Interworking reference configuration I.310 I.324 I.340

I.510

ang Quoc Anh

Interworking service (I/W) Interworking scenarios

Scenario level

I.511 Layer 1 interworking I.530 ISDNPSTN mmmInterworking functional requirements mmm

I.515 Parameter exchange

I.520 ISDNISDN

I.540/ X.321 ISDNCSPDN

I.550/ X.325 ISDNPSPDN

I.560/ U.202 ISDNTelex

I.570 ISDNPrivate networks

I.580 I/W B-ISDN 64 kbit/s

I.525 I/W < 64 kbit/s

I.555 FMBS I/W

Functional level X.81 I.332 U.202 I.332

I.515

I.520 Q.700 X.75

I.530 (parts) I.332

I.525

I.555

34

I.462/ X.31 (case A) I.462/ X.31 (case B) X.75 I.332

T1 818 09 0- 92/ D0 1

Signalling protocols at the reference points K x and N x

Protocol level

Q.700 X.75

Q.700 Q.120 to Q.180 Q.251 to Q.300 Q.310 to Q.490 Q.700 X.71 X.75

Q.700 I.451 (Q.931) X.75 X.25

Q.700 U.12

FMBS

Frame mode bearer service

ISDN Technology

FIGURE 1/I.500 Organization of ISDN interworking Recommendations

ISDN Technology

35

ang Quoc Anh

Management of ATM equipment I.751 (03/96) Asynchronous tranfer mode management of the network element view 2.2 Dch vu ISDN

2.2.1 nh ngha va gia tr cua cac thuoc tnh dch vu vien thong 2.2.1.1nh ngha cac thuoc tnh a) nh ngha cac thuoc tnh dch vu vien thong

Information transfer mode (che o chuyen thong tin) Thuoc tnh nay mo ta che o hoat ong e chuyen d lieu (truyen tai va chuyen mach) thong tin cua ngi s dung qua mang ISDN. Cac gia tr co the co: - circuit (mach) - packet (goi) - ATM (bat ong bo) Information transfer rate (toc o chuyen thong tin) Thuoc tnh nay mo ta toc o bit (bit rate) che o mach hay toc o goi (throughput) che o goi. No la s chuyen thong tin so iem truy xuat. Cac gia tr co the co: - toc o bit hoac toc o goi thch hp. Information transfer capability (kha nang chuyen thong tin) Thuoc tnh nay mo ta kha nang chuyen cac loai thong tin khac nhau qua mang ISDN. Cac gia tr co the co: - unrestricted digital information (thong tin so khong han che) - speech (thoai) - 3.1 kHz audio (am thanh 3.1 kHz) - 7 kHz audio (am thanh 7 kHz) - 15 kHz audio (am thanh 15 kHz) - video - cac gia tr khac Structure (cau truc) Thuoc tnh nay noi en kha nang chuyen thong tin theo cau truc cua ISDN en mot iem chuan (reference point) hay mot iem truy xuat (access point) ch co cau truc tn hieu ung nh a gi (t mot iem chuan hay mot iem truy xuat). Cac gia tr co the co: - 8 kHz integrity (trung thc 8 kHz)

ang Quoc Anh

36

ISDN Technology

- service data unit integrity (trung thc khoi so lieu) - time slot sequence integrity (trung thc th t khe thi gian) - restricted differential time delay (o tre thi gian khac nhau co gii han) - unstructured (khong cau truc) Establishment of communication (thiet lap lien lac) Thuoc tnh nay mo ta che o thiet lap ma dch vu vien thong s dung e thiet lap va giai toa mot lien lac. Cac gia tr co the co: - demand (tc thi) - reserved (at trc) - permanent (thng trc) Symmetry (tnh oi xng) Thuoc tnh nay mo ta quan he cua dong thong tin gia hai (hay nhieu) iem truy xuat hay iem chuan trong mot lien lac. Cac gia tr co the co: - unidirectional (mot chieu) - bidirectional symmetric (hai chieu oi xng) - bidirectional asymmetric (hai chieu khong oi xng) Communication configuration (cau hnh lien lac) Thuoc tnh nay mo ta dang bo tr khong gian e chuyen thong tin gia hai hay nhieu iem truy xuat. No hoan thanh cau truc mot dch vu vien thong khi no lien ket quan he gia cac iem truy xuat va dong thong tin gia cac iem truy xuat nay. Cac gia tr co the co: - point-to-point (iem noi iem) - multipoint (a iem) - broadcast (truyen thong) Access channel and rate (kenh truy xuat va toc o) Thuoc tnh nay mo ta kenh va toc o bit cua chung e chuyen thong tin ngi s dung va/hoac thong tin bao hieu mot iem truy xuat nao o. Cac gia tr co the co: - ten cua kenh (ch cai) va toc o bit tng ng Signalling access protocol layer 1-3, information access protocol layer 1-3 (nghi thc truy xuat bao hieu lp 1-3, nghi thc truy xuat thong tin lp 1-3) Cac thuoc tnh nay xac nh nghi thc tren kenh chuyen thong tin ngi s dung hay bao hieu tai mot iem chuan hay mot iem truy xuat nao o. Cac gia tr co the co: - nghi thc tng ng Type of user information (kieu thong tin ngi s dung) Cac gia tr co the co: - speech - sound

ISDN Technology

37

ang Quoc Anh

- text - facsimile - text- facsimile - videotex - video - text-interactive Layer 4-7 protocol (nghi thc lp 4-7) Cac thuoc tnh nay xac nh nghi thc tren kenh chuyen thong tin ngi s dung tai mot iem chuan hay mot iem truy xuat nao o. Cac gia tr co the co: - nghi thc tng ng Supplementary services provided (cac dch vu cong them c cung cap) Thuoc tnh nay noi en cac dch vu cong them lien quan mot dch vu vien thong nao o. Quality of service (chat lng dch vu) Thuoc tnh nay c mo ta bang mot nhom cac thuoc tnh phu ac biet, v du nh: o tin cay cua dch vu, o hu dung cua dch vu. Cac gia tr van con ang c nghien cu. b) nh ngha cac thuoc tnh kieu ket noi

Information transfer mode (che o chuyen thong tin) Thuoc tnh nay mo ta che o hoat ong e chuyen d lieu (truyen tai va chuyen mach) thong tin cua ngi s dung qua mang ISDN. Cac gia tr co the co: - circuit (mach) - packet (goi) - ATM Information transfer rate (toc o chuyen thong tin) Thuoc tnh nay mo ta toc o bit (bit rate) che o mach hay toc o goi (throughput) che o goi. No la s chuyen thong tin so iem truy xuat. Cac gia tr co the co: - toc o bit hoac toc o goi thch hp. Information transfer capability (kha nang chuyen thong tin) Thuoc tnh nay mo ta kha nang chuyen cac loai thong tin khac nhau qua mang ISDN. Cac gia tr co the co: - unrestricted digital information (thong tin so khong han che) - speech (thoai) - 3.1 kHz audio (am thanh 3.1 kHz) - 7 kHz audio (am thanh 7 kHz) - 15 kHz audio (am thanh 15 kHz)

ang Quoc Anh

38

ISDN Technology

- video - cac gia tr khac Establishment of connection (thiet lap ket noi) Thuoc tnh nay mo ta che o thiet lap c s dung e thiet lap va giai toa mot ket noi nao o trong ISDN. Cac gia tr co the co: - demand (tc thi) - reserved (at trc) - permanent (thng trc) Symmetry (tnh oi xng) Thuoc tnh nay mo ta quan he cua dong thong tin gia hai (hay nhieu) iem truy xuat hay iem chuan trong mot ket noi. Cac gia tr co the co: - unidirectional (mot chieu) - bidirectional symmetric (hai chieu oi xng) - bidirectional asymmetric (hai chieu khong oi xng) Connection configuration (cau hnh ket noi) Thuoc tnh nay mo ta dang bo tr khong gian e chuyen thong tin tren mot ket noi nao o. No bao gom hai ac tnh phu: topo (topology) va ong (dynamics). Structure (cau truc) Thuoc tnh nay noi en kha nang chuyen thong tin theo cau truc cua ISDN en mot iem chuan (reference point) hay mot iem truy xuat (access point) ch co cau truc tn hieu (v du khoang thi gian trong che o mach va khoi so lieu trong che o goi) ung nh a gi (t mot iem chuan hay mot iem truy xuat). Cac gia tr co the co: - 8 kHz integrity (trung thc 8 kHz) - service data unit integrity (trung thc khoi so lieu) - time slot sequence integrity (trung thc th t khe thi gian) - restricted differential time delay (o tre thi gian khac nhau co gii han - unstructured (khong cau truc) Channel (rate) (kenh (toc o)) Thuoc tnh nay mo ta kenh va toc o bit cua chung e chuyen thong tin ngi s dung va/hoac thong tin bao hieu mot iem truy xuat nao o. Cac gia tr co the co: - ten cua kenh (ch cai) va toc o bit tng ng Connection control protocol, information transfer coding/protocol (nghi thc ieu khien ket noi, nghi thc/ma hoa chuyen thong tin) Cac thuoc tnh nay xac nh nghi thc/ma hoa tren kenh bao hieu hay kenh chuyen thong tin cua ngi s dung mot iem truy xuat hoac mot iem chuan nao o.

ISDN Technology

39

ang Quoc Anh

Cac gia tr co the co: - nghi thc hay ma hoa tng ng. Network performance (thc hien mang) Thuoc tnh nay mo ta viec thc hien mang lien quan ti mot ket noi ISDN. Thuoc tnh nay bao gom nhieu thuoc tnh phu, v du : Error performance, Slip performance. Cac thuoc tnh phu khac con ang nghien cu. c) nh ngha cac thuoc tnh phan t ket noi (Connection element attribute) Information transfer mode (che o chuyen thong tin) Thuoc tnh nay mo ta che o hoat ong e chuyen d lieu (truyen tai va chuyen mach) thong tin cua ngi s dung qua mang ISDN. Cac gia tr co the co: - circuit (mach) - packet (goi) - ATM Information transfer rate (toc o chuyen thong tin) Thuoc tnh nay mo ta toc o bit (bit rate) che o mach hay toc o goi (throughput) che o goi. No la s chuyen thong tin so iem truy xuat. Cac gia tr co the co: - toc o bit hoac toc o goi thch hp. Information transfer susceptance (gii han truyen thong tin) Thuoc tnh nay xac nh thiet b han che kieu thong tin truyen qua ISDN. Cac gia tr co the co: - speech processing equipment (thiet b x ly thoai) - echo suppression equipment (thiet b triet tieng doi) - muti-satellite hope (thiet b ve tinh) - null (khong han che) Establishment of connection (thiet lap ket noi) Thuoc tnh nay mo ta che o thiet lap c s dung e thiet lap va giai toa mot phan t ket noi nao o trong ISDN. Cac gia tr co the co: - demand (tc thi) - semi-permanent (ban thng trc) - permanent (thng trc) Symmetry (tnh oi xng) Thuoc tnh nay mo ta quan he cua dong thong tin gia hai (hay nhieu) iem truy xuat hay iem chuan trong mot phan t ket noi. Cac gia tr co the co: - unidirectional (mot chieu) - bidirectional symmetric (hai chieu oi xng) - bidirectional asymmetric (hai chieu khong oi xng) Connection configuration (cau hnh ket noi)

ang Quoc Anh

40

ISDN Technology

Thuoc tnh nay mo ta dang bo tr khong gian e chuyen thong tin qua mot phan t ket noi nao o. No bao gom hai ac tnh phu: topo (topology) va ong nhat (uniformity). Structure (cau truc) Thuoc tnh nay noi en kha nang chuyen thong tin theo cau truc cua ISDN en mot iem chuan (reference point) hay mot iem truy xuat (access point) ch co cau truc tn hieu (v du khoang thi gian trong che o mach va khoi so lieu trong che o goi) ung nh a gi (t mot iem chuan hay mot iem truy xuat). Cac gia tr co the co: - 8 kHz integrity (trung thc 8 kHz) - service data unit integrity (trung thc khoi so lieu) - time slot sequence integrity (trung thc th t khe thi gian) - restricted differential time delay (o tre thi gian khac nhau co gii han) - unstructured (khong cau truc) Channel (rate) (kenh (toc o)) Thuoc tnh nay mo ta kenh va toc o bit cua chung e chuyen thong tin ngi s dung va/hoac thong tin bao hieu mot iem truy xuat nao o. Cac gia tr co the co: - ten cua kenh (ch cai) va toc o bit tng ng Connection control protocol, information transfer coding/protocol (nghi thc ieu khien ket noi, nghi thc/ma hoa chuyen thong tin) Cac thuoc tnh nay xac nh nghi thc/ma hoa tren kenh bao hieu hay kenh chuyen thong tin cua ngi s dung mot iem truy xuat hoac mot iem chuan nao o. Cac gia tr co the co: - nghi thc hay ma hoa tng ng. Network performance (thc hien mang) Thuoc tnh nay mo ta viec thc hien mang lien quan ti mot phan t ket noi ISDN. Thuoc tnh nay bao gom nhieu thuoc tnh phu, v du : Error performance, Slip performance. Cac thuoc tnh phu khac con ang nghien cu. 2.2.1.2nh ngha cac gia tr thuoc tnh Unrestricted digital information (thong tin so khong han che) Chuyen chuoi thong tin bit toc o xac nh cua no ma khong bien oi tin. Tc la: - bit sequence independence (tnh oc lap chuoi bit) - digit sequence integrity (tnh trung thc chuoi so) - bit integrity (tnh trung thc bit) Speech (thoai)

ISDN Technology

41

ang Quoc Anh

Tn hieu bieu dien so cua thoai c ma hoa theo luat ma hoa xac nh (v du luat A hay luat ) 3.1 kHz audio Tn hieu bieu dien so cua thong tin am thanh nh d lieu dai tan thoai va thoai dai thong 3.1 kHz, luat ma hoa ang c xac nh (v du luat A hay luat ) 7 kHz audio Tn hieu bieu dien so cua thong tin am thanh vi dai thong 7 kHz, luat ma hoa ang c xac nh. 15 kHz audio Tn hieu bieu dien so cua thong tin am thanh vi dai thong 15 kHz, luat ma hoa ang c xac nh. video Tn hieu bieu dien so cua thong tin hnh anh video, luat ma hoa ang c xac nh. 8 kHz integrity (trung thc 8 kHz) Gia tr nay ap dung khi: i) moi giao dien ngi s dung mang, cac khoang 125 s c tach biet ro rang hoac hieu ngam, va ii) tat ca cac bit trong tng khoang tach biet 125 s c gi trong tng khoang tach biet 125 s tng ng. Service data unit integrity (trung thc khoi so lieu) Gia tr nay ap dung khi: i) moi giao dien ngi s dung mang, nghi thc cung cap mot c che phan biet ranh gii cua cac khoi so lieu (v du chuoi goi hoan chnh X.25), va ii) tat ca cac bit trong tng khoi so lieu c gi trong tng khoi so lieu tng ng. Unstructured (khong cau truc) Gia tr nay c ap dung khi dch vu hay ket noi vien thong khong cung cap cac ranh gii cau truc cung nh khong bao am tnh trung thc cau truc. Demand (communication) (tc thi (lien lac)) Lien lac bat au ngay khi co the c sau khi yeu cau c thc hien ( ngha la t1 t0 ngan nhat co the c). Giai toa lien lac va ket noi xay ra e ap ng yeu cau cua mot trong hai ngi s dung (ngi goi hoac ngi b goi), t3 t2 ngan nhat co the c (xem Figure A-1/I.140). Reserved (communication) ((at trc (lien lac)) Lien lac co the c bat au vao thi iem t1 c xac nh ro rang tai thi iem yeu cau lien lac va ket noi t0. Giai toa lien lac va ket noi xay ra thi iem t3 cung c xac nh ro tai thi iem t0. Khoang thi gian lien lac va ket noi

ang Quoc Anh

42

ISDN Technology

c xac nh trc: lien lac va ket noi c thiet lap trong mot khoang thi gian xac nh. Mot cach linh ong co the tuy chon giai toa ket noi co the xay ra thi iem t3 theo yeu cau giai toa tai thi iem t2 va khong c xac nh trc (t3 t2 ngan nhat co the c). Tuy chon nay tng ng vi khoang thi gian lien lac va ket noi khong xac nh hay la tng ng vi kha nang giai toa khong oan trc c (xem Figure A-1/I.140).

t0

t1

t2

t3 T 130 21 90-93/d01

t0 t1 t2 t3

Time instant at which the request for communication and connection is made. Time instant at which the connection and communication is established. Time instant at which request for communication and connection release is made Time instant at which communication and connection is cleared.

NOTE Recommendation I.112 provides also definitions for the se thre e values (Nos. 205, 206, 207). However, the definitions proposed a re more general (no refe rence to a time dia gra m) and are circuit-mode oriented.

FIGURE A.1/I.140 Establishment of communication and connection time diagram

Permanent (communication) (thng trc (lien lac)) Lien lac co the bat au sau khi ket noi c thiet lap thi iem t1 ap ng yeu cau dch vu cua thue bao thi iem t0 vi khoang thi gian lien lac khong c xac nh trc. Lien lac va ket noi c giai toa thi iem t3 ng vi khi ket thuc thue bao. Switched (connection) (chuyen mach (ket noi)) Cac phan t ket noi chuyen mach ISDN c thiet lap ngay bat c luc nao c yeu cau qua, v du : mot kenh nh phan ap ng thong tin bao hieu nhan c t thue bao, cac tong ai khac hoac cac mang khac , ngha la tren c s moi cuoc goi. Cac phan t ket noi chuyen mach goi/thong iep c ISDN cung cap co the c thiet lap theo yeu cau qua cac kenh che o mach (v du cac kenh B) va cac bo chuyen mach goi ac biet hay qua kenh D en bat ky s han che ieu khien lu lng/u tien co the ap dung c. Semi-permanent (connection ) (ban thng trc (ket noi)) Cac phan t ket noi ban thng trc qua mot mang chuyen mach. Cac phan t ket noi ban thng trc gia cac iem a thoa thuan trc co the c cung cap mot khoang thi gian khong xac nh trc sau khi thue bao,

ISDN Technology

43

ang Quoc Anh

mot khoang thi gian co nh hay mot khoang thi gian thoa thuan trc trong 1 ngay, 1 tuan, Permanent (connection) (thng trc (ket noi)) Cac phan t ket noi thng trc c danh cho thue bao c ket noi bat ky thi iem nao trong khoang thi gian thue bao gia cac iem ch mang co nh ma cac thue bao yeu cau. Unidirectional (mot chieu) Gia tr nay ap dung khi dong thong tin cua cac thong iep ch c cung cap theo mot chieu. Bidirectional symmetric (hai chieu oi xng) Gia tr nay ap dung khi cac ac tnh dong thong tin c dch vu cung cap gia hai (hay nhieu) iem truy xuat hoac iem chuan giong nhau hai chieu ti va lui. Bidirectional asymmetric (hai chieu bat oi xng) Gia tr nay ap dung khi cac ac tnh dong thong tin c dch vu cung cap khac nhau hai chieu. Point-to-point communication (lien lac iem noi iem) Gia tr nay ap dung khi ch co hai iem truy xuat. Multipoint communication (lien lac nhieu iem) Gia tr nay ap dung khi dch vu cung cap nhieu hn hai iem truy xuat. Cac ac tnh chnh xac cua cac dong thong tin phai c xac nh rieng biet da tren cac chc nang c ISDN cung cap. Broadcast communication (lien lac truyen thong) Gia tr nay ap dung khi dch vu cung cap nhieu hn hai iem truy xuat. Cac dong thong tin t mot iem (nguon) en cac iem khac (ch) la mot chieu. Point-to-point connection (ket noi iem noi iem) Gia tr nay ap dung khi ket noi ch cung cap hai iem cuoi (end point). Multipoint connection (ket noi a iem) Gia tr nay ap dung khi ket noi cung cap nhieu hn hai iem cuoi (end point) va nh vay co kha nang co nhieu dong thong tin khac nhau. Simple connection (ket noi n gian) Ket noi ch gom mot phan t ket noi. Tandem connection (ket noi tandem) Hai hoac nhieu phan t ket noi noi tiep nhau tao thanh mot ket noi. Parallel connection (ket noi song song) Hai hoac nhieu phan t ket noi song song nhau tao thanh mot ket noi. Uniform (ong bo) Gia tr nay ap dung khi tat ca cac phan t ket noi eu co chung cac gia tr thuoc tnh. Non uniform (khong ong bo)

ang Quoc Anh

44

ISDN Technology

Gia tr nay ap dung trong tat ca nhng trng hp con lai. Concurrent (ong thi) Cau hnh ket noi c mo ta la ong thi khi tat ca cac phan t ket noi lien quan c thiet lap va giai toa ong thi. Sequential (tuan t) Mot ket noi co cau hnh tuan t khi cac phan t ket noi cua no c thiet lap va giai toa tuan t ngha la bat ky thi iem nao cung ch co mot vai phan t ket noi hay mot chuoi ket noi ton tai ma thoi. Add/remove (them/bt) Khi cac phan t ket noi co the c thiet lap va giai toa trong luc cac phan t ket noi khac cua cung ket noi van ton tai th cau hnh ket noi nay goi la them/bt. Symmetry and/or topology change (thay oi tnh oi xng va hoac topo) Khi gia tr thuoc tnh oi xng cua phan t ket noi co the c thay oi trong mot cuoc goi. Time slot sequence integrity (tnh trung thc th t khe thi gian) Gia tr nay ap dung khi: i) moi giao dien ngi s dung mang, cac khe thi gian c tach biet ro rang hoac hieu ngam oi vi moi kenh truy xuat cua toan bo cac kenh truy xuat, va ii) cac phan thong tin nhan c t cac khe thi gian may thu co cung th t nh a gi may phat. Lu y: - phan nh ngha nay khong bao am th t cac bit trong tng khe thi gian t pha phat en pha thu. 8 kHz integrity with restricted differential time delay (RDTR: o trung thc 8 kHz vi o tre thi gian khac nhau han che) Gia tr nay ap dung khi thoa cac ieu kien sau: - moi iem trong ket noi hay phan t ket noi cac khe thi gian c tach biet oi vi tng kenh thong tin hay mot khoi cac kenh thong tin; va - cac phan thong tin trong cac khe thi gian pha phat c truyen en pha nhan vi o tre thi gian khac nhau khong qua 50 ms. 2.2.2 Kha nang cung cap dch vu 2.2.2.1Phan loai dch vu ITU-T nh ngha 3 loai dch vu: Dch vu truyen tai tin (bearer services): cung cap phng tien truyen tai thong tin gia cac ngi s dung bang thi gian thc va

ISDN Technology

45

ang Quoc Anh

khong lam thay oi noi dung thong tin truyen tai. Nhng dch vu nay tng ng vi 3 lp thap cua mo hnh OSI (lp 1 en lp 3). Dch vu phc tap (Teleservices) : Ket hp chc nang truyen tai vi chc nang x ly thong tin. Dch vu phc tap s dung cac dch vu truyen tai e truyen tai tin va cung cap mot so cac chc nang lp cao trong mo hnh OSI (lp 4 en lp 7). Cac v du ve dch vu phc tap la ien thoai, teletex, videotex, th ien t, Dch vu cong them (Supplementary services) : Ca dch vu truyen tai lan dch vu phc tap eu co dch vu cong them. Dch vu cong them khong the s dung oc lap c ma phai s dung cung vi mot hay nhieu dch vu truyen tai hoac phc tap.

Telecommunication service Bearer service Basic bearer service Basic bearer service + supplementary services Teleservice Basic teleservice Basic teleservice + supplementary service s

HLF

Teleservices

LLF

Bearer services
T1820070-93/d02

ISDN capabilities

ISDN services

FIGURE 2/I.310 Relationship between telecommunication services and network capabilities

2.2.2.2Cac iem truy xuat dch vu iem truy xuat 1 (iem chuan T) va 2 (iem chuan S) la cac iem truy xuat dch vu bearer cua ISDN. S la chon gia iem truy xuat 1 (T) va 2 (S) phu thuoc vao quyen s hu va dang cung cap (cho khach hang) cua thiet b lien lac pha tai san khach hang. S phan loai dch vu va cac mo ta sau la oc lap vi cac cach bo tr khac nhau co the co khi c cung cap nh vay. iem truy xuat 4 (iem chuan R) co the truy xuat cac dch vu tieu chuan hoa cua ITU-T khac tuy theo bo thch ng au cuoi (terminal

ang Quoc Anh

46

ISDN Technology

adaptors) c cung cap, v du tuy theo cac khuyen ngh loat X va loat V.
5 4 3 2 1

TE1 S

NT2 T

NT1

TE2 R

TA S

T1820380-93/d01

FIGURE 1/I.210 Customer access to services supported by an ISDN

iem truy xuat 3 va 5 (giao dien ngi s dung au cuoi) e truy xuat cac dch vu phc tap khai niem dch vu phc tap bao gom ca cac kha nang cua au cuoi.

2.2.3 Dch vu truyen tai tin (Bearer services) 2.2.3.1ac tnh chung Cac dch vu bearer c ISDN dung nap cung cap kha nang chuyen thong tin gia cac iem truy xuat 1 va 2 va ch bao gom cac chc nang lp thap. Khach hang co the chon bat c mot nhom cac nghi thc lp cao (cac lp 4 7) nao cho lien lac cua mnh va ISDN khong biet chac s tng thch cac lp nay gia cac khach hang. 2.2.3.2Mot so dch vu truyen tai tin a) Circuit-mode 64 kbit/s unrestricted, 8 kHz structured bearer service category

Loai dch vu truyen tai nay cung cap cho viec chuyen thong tin khong gii han qua cac iem chuan S/T . No co the c dung cho nhieu ng dung khac nhau cua ngi s dung nh: thoai, tn hieu am tan 3,1 kHz, cac dong thong tin c ngi s dung ghep thanh 64 kbit/s, truy xuat trong suot en mang X.25 cong cong.

ISDN Technology

47

ang Quoc Anh

Thong tin cua ngi s dung c chuyen tren kenh B, bao hieu c thc hien tren kenh D. b) Circuit-mode 64 kbit/s, 8 kHz structured bearer service category usable for speech information transfer Loai dch vu truyen tai nay c cung cap cho thoai. Mang co the s dung cac ky thuat x ly thch ng cho thoai nh truyen dan tng t, triet tieng doi va ma hoa thoai toc o thap. V vay khong bao am c o trung thc bit. Dch vu truyen tai nay khong s dung c cho tn hieu MODEM dai tan thoai. c) Circuit-mode 64 kbit/s, 8 kHz structured bearer service category usable for 3.1 kHz audio information transfer Loai dch vu truyen tai nay tng ng vi dch vu ang c PSTN cung cap. No cung cap viec chuyen thoai va thong tin am tan 3,1 kHz nh d lieu dai tan thoai qua MODEM va tn hieu fax nhom 1, 2, 3. Mang co the co cac ky thuat x ly thoai c sa oi hay loai bo trc khi chuyen thong tin phi thoai. Mang co the s dung truyen dan tng t va khong bao am o trung thc bit. d) Circuit-mode, alternate speech / 64 kbit/s unrestricted, 8 kHz structured bearer service category

Loai dch vu truyen tai nay viec chuyen oi gia thoai va thong tin so khong han che 64 kbit/s trong mot cuoc goi. Yeu cau kha nang chuyen oi va che o s dung ban au phai c xac nh trong thi gian thiet lap cuoc goi. Loai dch vu truyen tai nay c cung cap cho cac thiet b au cuoi a kha nang hay cac thiet b au cuoi ch co mot kha nang. e) Circuit-mode 2 64 kbit/s unrestricted, 8 kHz structured bearer service category

Loai dch vu truyen tai nay cung cap viec chuyen thong tin ngi s dung khong gii han 2 lan 64 kbit/s qua 2 kenh B cua giao tiep ngi s dung mang. f) Virtual call and permanent virtual circuit bearer service category

Loai dch vu truyen tai nay cung cap viec chuyen khong gii han thong tin ngi s dung theo kieu goi qua mach ao trong kenh B hay kenh D iem chuan

ang Quoc Anh

48

ISDN Technology

S/T. Thong tin bao hieu cho cuoc goi ao va / hoac thong tin OAM cho cac dch vu mach ao thng trc c chuyen trong cac kenh B hoac D nh mo ta khuyen ngh I.462 (X.31).
Attributes a) Information transfer attributes 1. 2. Information transfer mode Information transfer rate 64 3. Information transfer capability Structure Establishment of communication b) Symmetry Communication configuration Unrestricted digital information 8 kHz integrity Demand Unidirectional Point-to-point Circuit Bit rate (kbit/s) Other values for further study Speech 3.1 kHz audio Service data unit integrity Reserved Bidirectional symmetric Multipoint 7 kHz audio Packet Throughput Options for further study Others for further study Possible values of attributes

4. 5. 6. 7.

Unstructured

Others for further study

Permanent Bidirectional asymmetric Broadcast c)

Access attributes 8. Access channel and rate D (16) D (64) B Others for further study Others for further study

9.1 Signalling access protocol layer 1 9.2 Signalling access protocol layer 2 9.3 Signalling access protocol layer 3 9.4 Information access protocol layer 1

Rec. I.430/ Rec. Rec. I.462 Rec. I.463 Rec. I.465 Rec. I.431 I.461 (Rec. V.120) Rec. I.440/ Rec. I.441 Rec. I.450/ Rec. I.451 Rec. I.462 Rec. X.25 Rec. I.461 Rec. I.462 Rec. X.25

Others for further study Rec. I.463 Others for further study Others for further study

Rec. I.430/ Rec. Rec. I.461 Rec. I.462 Rec. I.463 Rec. Rec. Rec. I.431 I.460 (Rec. (Rec. (Rec. I.465 G.711 X.30) X.31) V.110) (Rec. V.120) HDLC LAPB Rec. I.440/ Rec. X.75 Rec. X.25 Rec. I.441 SLP LAPB Rec. X.25 PLP

9.5 Information access protocol layer 2 9.6 Information access protocol layer 3

Others for further study Others for further study

ISO 8208 d) (Rec. X.25 PLP)

ISDN Technology

49

ang Quoc Anh

2.2.4 Dch vu phc tap (Teleservices) 2.2.4.1ac tnh chung Cac dch vu phc tap cung cap kha nang hoan toan e lien lac bang phng tien thiet b au cuoi, cac chc nang mang va cac chc nang co the c cac trung tam phan bo cung cap. Mot dch vu phc tap c ISDN dung nap ch c s dung mot (hay mot so t) cac kha nang dch vu bearer c ITU-T khuyen ngh. Can lu y rang khi s dung nhieu hn mot kha nang dch vu bearer c khuyen ngh cho mot dch vu phc tap nao o th cac chc nang giao thc mang phai c yeu cau nam trong trach nhiem cua nha cung cap dch vu phc tap . Tuy nhien ngi s dung mot ng dung ac biet khong b cam dung mot thiet b au cuoi tng thch vi mot dch vu phc tap nao o ket hp vi mot kha nang dch vu bearer khong c khuyen ngh cho dch vu phc tap nay. Cac v du ve dch vu phc tap la ien thoai, videotex, teletex. 2.2.4.2Mot so dch vu phc tap quan trong a) Telephony

Dch vu ien thoai cung cap cho ngi s dung kha nang am thoai hai chie u trong thi gian thc qua mang. Ngi s dung dung may ien thoai so ISDN co chc nang bao hieu ISDN Q.931 va chc nang ma hoa PCM thc hien bien oi tn hieu thoai tng t sang so trc khi a len ng day. b) Teletex

Teletex la mot dch vu quoc te cho phep cac thue bao chuyen th tn van phong cho nhau di dang tai lieu cha thong tin ma hoa teletex da tren c s chuyen t ong gia cac bo nh qua mang ISDN. Cuoc goi teletex c chia lam 3 giai oan (phase). Preparation (soan thao): + soan thao ien van, + ghi ien van vao bo nh. Transmission (truyen dan: ve nguyen ly la t ong): + thiet lap cuoc goi. + chuan b gi nhan thong tin. + chuyen thong tin gia cac bo nh. + ket thuc gi nhan thong tin. + giai toa cuoc goi.

ang Quoc Anh

50

ISDN Technology

c)

Output (xuat ien van): giai phong bo nh.

Telefax 4

Telefax 4 la mot dch vu quoc te cho phep cac thue bao chuyen th tn van phong cho nhau di dang tai lieu cha thong tin ma hoa fax t ong qua mang ISDN. Dch vu telefax 4 cung cap s tng thch mc c ban gia tat ca cac thiet b au cuoi tham gia vao dch vu. No cung cap lien lac hai chieu gia hai ngi s dung qua mang ISDN bang cac tn hieu so 64 kbit/s tren kenh B. Co 3 loai thiet b au cuoi facsimile: + Class I: Co kha nang gi nhan cac tai lieu ma hoa fax. + Class II: Co them kha nang nhan cac tai lieu ma hoa teletex va cac tai lieu hon hp fax teletex. + Class III: Co kha nang tao, gi va nhan cac tai lieu ma hoa fax, cac tai lieu ma hoa teletex va cac tai lieu hon hp fax teletex.
Attributes a) 10. Type of user information Speech Sound (telephony) Text (teletex) Possible values of attributes Facsimile Text Videotex Video Text (telefax 4) facsimile interactive (mixed (telex) mode) Rec. T.70 Rec. T.62 Rec. G.711 240 ppi Geometric Rec. T.61 300 ppi Rec. T.6 400 ppi Other

11. Layer 4 protocol 12. Layer 5 protocol 13. Layer 6 protocol Resolution e) f) Graphic mode f) 14. Layer 7 protocol General attributes

Rec. X.224 Rec. X.225 T.400-Series Recs. 200 ppi Alpha-mosaic

Others for further study Others for further study Others for further study Others for further study Others for further study Others for further study

Photographic T.500-Series Under study

Rec. T.60

SLP Single link protocol PLP Packet layer protocol ppi Picture elements per inch a) The attributes are intended to be independent of each other. b) A definition of the establishment of communication is given in Recommendation I.140. c) The characterization of the information transfer configuration attribute broadcast is for further study. d) For those teleservices that use circuit mode bearer capability X.25 PLP description is as per ISO 8208. e) These attribute values are mentioned in order to give an example of a specific presentation description of characteristics such as coding of the user information, resolution, and graphic mode. Attribute values for other presentation characteristics are for further study. f) If applicable.

ISDN Technology

51

ang Quoc Anh

Cac phng phap nen d lieu s dung trong may fax: + nh ly gii han di: Cho nguon tin U = {u 1, u2, ... , uN } vi xac suat xuat hien tng ng cua cac tin la p(ui). Ta ma hoa cac tin ui bang mot bo ma B, c so m. Xac suat xuat hien cac ky hieu ma la p(bj) = 1/m j. Khi o lng tin rieng cua mot ky hieu ma se bang lng tin trung bnh : I(bj) = I(u) = - log(1/m) = logm o dai trung bnh cua mot t ma ln hn hoac bang ty so entropy cua nguon c ma hoa va lng tin trung bnh cua mot ky hieu ma.
H (U ) ntb log m

nh ly nay c chng minh nh bo e sau: Vi mot cay ma c so m co N nut ket thuc cac nut n 1, n2, ... , n N th ta co:

m
i= 1

ni

+ nh ly gii han tren: Co the ma hoa mot tap tin U vi bo ma c so m (m phan) co chieu dai t ma trung bnh nho hn hoac bang ty so entropy cua nguon c ma hoa va lng tin trung bnh cc ai c ma hoa cong mot n v:
ntb H (U ) +1 log m

+ Ma thong ke Huffman: Cho nguon tin U = {u 1, u2, ...,u n }vi xac suat xuat hien tng ng cua ui la p(ui). Ta ma hoa bang bo ma c so m nh sau : 1) Tnh n 0 la so ln nhat thoa 2 n0 m va 2) Sap xep N tin theo th t xac suat giam dan. 3) Ghep n 0 tin cuoi cung co xac suat nho nhat thanh mot tin mi co xac suat bang tong xac suat cac tin thanh phan. Nh vay luc nay ta co tap tin mi gom N-n0+1 tin goi la nguon tin suy giam t nguon tin ban au. 4) Neu gia tr mi cua N khac 1 th thc hien lai bc 2. 5) Trong qua trnh ghep tin ta noi cac ng noi t tin nguyen thuy ui en cac tin tap hp thanh hnh thanh mot cay ma m phan. Phoi hp cac t ma t bo ch ma c so m vi cac nut ta c bo ma Huffman. Lu y: Khi so tin N ln hn th kho ma xay dng ma nay, phng phap se tr nen cong kenh. Khi o ngi ta dung phng phap sau: 1) Sap xep cac tin theo th t giam dan . 2) Ghep thanh tng nhom tin co xac suat gan bang nhau, dung ma eu e ma hoa cac tin trong nhom.
N n0 la so nguyen. m1

ang Quoc Anh

52

ISDN Technology

3) Xem tng nhom tin nh tng khoi tin va dung phng phap Huffman e ma hoa cac khoi tin nay. Nh vay t ma cuoi cung ng vi moi tin cua nguon tin bao gom hai phan: ma Huffman cong vi ma eu. V du: Ma hoa nguon tin U co s o thong ke nh sau:

uI p(ui)

u1 .5

u2 .25

u3 .315

u4 u6 u7 u13 .31 .0157

u14 .0156

uI u1 u2 u3 u4 u5 u6 u7 u8 u9 u10 u11 u12 u13 u14

p(ui) .5 .25 .0315 .031 .031 .031 .0157 .0157 .0157 .0157 .0157 .0157 .0157 .0156

S o ma hoa 0 0 1.0

00 01 0 1 10 0.5 11 .1245 000 1 001 0.25 010 011 1 100 0.1255 101 110 111

T ma 0 10 11000 11001 11010 11011 111000 111001 111010 111011 111100 111101 111110 111111

+ Ma Huffman sa oi (MH: Modified Huffman Code): Trong mot tai lieu ien hnh cac vung trang va en cua hnh anh thng don cum lai. Neu ta xem tai lieu nh mot chuoi cac dong quet ngang va xet cac mau trang, en tren mot dong nao o ta se thay c cac oan trang, en keo dai. ac tnh nay tao ra mot ho cac ky thuat ma hoa goi la ma hoa oan (run-length encoding). D lieu hai gia tr trang en can ma hoa c chuyen thanh d lieu oan nhieu gia tr e ma hoa roi gi i. V xac suat xuat hien cac oan dai nho hn cac oan ngan nen lng tin cua chung ln hn va d nhien phai c ma hoa bang t ma dai hn. Moi dong quet 215 mm co 1728 iem. e may nhan co the ong bo mau moi dong quet phai bat au bang mot oan trang. Neu dong quet bat au bang oan en th au dong quet se gi i oan trang bang 0. Cac oan trang va en co o dai toi a bang dong quet c ma hoa bang cac t ma trong Table 3/T4 va

ISDN Technology

53

ang Quoc Anh

Table 4/T4. Cac t ma co 2 loai: t ma thanh lap (make-up code words) va t ma ket thuc (terminating code words). Moi oan c bieu dien bang t ma ket thuc hay t ma thanh lap cong t ma ket thuc. Can lu y rang co cac t ma khac nhau cho cac oan trang va en. T ma End-of-line (ket thuc dong: EOL): t ma nay theo sau moi dong d lieu. ay la t ma duy nhat, khong xuat hien trong bat c d lieu dong hp le nao. V vay co the da vao t ma nay e lay lai ong bo sau mot cum sai nao o. T ma EOL cung xuat hien ngay trc dong au tien cua trang tai lieu. EOL co dang: 000000000001.

ang Quoc Anh

54

ISDN Technology

TABLE 3/T.4 Terminating codes White run length 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 1050 1051 1052 1053 1054 1055 1056 1057 1058 1059 1060 1061 1062 1063 Code word 00110101 00011101 01111111 10001111 10111111 11001111 11101111 11111111 10011111 10100111 00111111 01000111 00100011 00001111 11010011 11010111 10101011 10101111 01001111 00011001 00010001 00101111 00000111 00001001 01010001 01010111 00100111 01001001 00110001 00000010 00000011 00011010 00011011 00010010 00010011 00010100 00010101 00010110 00010111 00101000 00101001 00101010 00101011 00101100 00101101 00000100 00000101 00001010 00001011 01010010 01010011 01010100 01010101 00100100 00100101 01011000 01011001 01011010 01011011 01001010 01001011 00110010 00110011 00110100 Black run length 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 Code word 000011011110 010011011110 110110100110 100110111010 011011011110 001101111110 001000000000 000110000000 000101000000 000100000000 000010000000 000010100000 000011100000 000001000000 000001110000 000011000000 000001011100 000001100000 000000100000 000011001110 000011010000 000011011000 000001101110 000001010000 000000101110 000000110000 000011001010 000011001011 000011001100 000011001101 000001101000 000001101001 000001101010 000001101011 000011010010 000011010011 000011010100 000011010101 000011010110 000011010111 000001101100 000001101101 000011011010 000011011011 000001010100 000001010101 000001010110 000001010111 000001100100 000001100101 000001010010 000001010011 000000100100 000000110111 000000111000 000000100111 000000101000 000001011000 000001011001 000000101011 000000101100 000001011010 000001100110 000001100111

ISDN Technology

55

ang Quoc Anh

TABLE 4/T.4 Make-up codes White run length 1064 1128 1192 1256 1320 1384 1448 1512 1576 1640 1704 1768 1832 1896 1960 1024 1088 1152 1216 1280 1344 1408 1472 1536 1600 1664 1728 EOL Code word 11011 10010 010111 0110111 00110110 00110111 01100100 01100101 01101000 01100111 011001100 011001101 011010010 011010011 011010100 011010101 011010110 011010111 011011000 011011001 011011010 011011011 010011000 010011001 010011010 011000 010011011 000000000001 Black run length 64 128 192 256 320 384 448 512 576 640 704 768 832 896 960 1024 1088 1152 1216 1280 1344 1408 1472 1536 1600 1664 1728 EOL Code word 0000001111 000011001000 000011001001 000001011011 000000110011 000000110100 000000110101 0000001101100 0000001101101 0000001001010 0000001001011 0000001001100 0000001001101 0000001110010 0000001110011 0000001110100 0000001110101 0000001110110 0000001110111 0000001010010 0000001010011 0000001010100 0000001010101 0000001011010 0000001011011 0000001100100 0000001100101 000000000001

NOTE It is recognized that machines exist which accommodate larger paper widths maintaining the standard horizontal resolution. This option has been provided for by the addition of the make-up code set defined in Table 4.

T ma Fill: khi gi t ma Fill dong d lieu se b dn g lai. T ma Fill c chen vao gia d lieu dong va EOL. Fill c them vao e bao am rang thi gian truyen dan d lieu, Fill va EOL khong nho hn thi gian truyen dan nho nhat cua dong quet ma hoa tong cong c thiet lap trong thu tuc ieu khien premessage. T ma Fill co dang mot chuoi cac bit 0. T ma Return to control (tra ve ieu khien: RTC): ket thuc gi tai lieu c anh dau bang 6 t ma EOL lien tuc.
Start of phase C EOL Data T EOL Data <T T T Minimum transmission time of a total coded scan line
T0814130-93/d01

FILL

EOL

Data

FIGURE 1/T.4

ang Quoc Anh

56

ISDN Technology

End of phase C Data EOL Data EOL EOL EOL EOL EOL EOL
T0814140-93/d02

RTC

FIGURE 2 /T.4

Figure 1/T4 cho thay d lieu ma hoa dong au trang. Figure 2/T4 cho thay d lieu ma hoa dong cuoi trang. + Ma MR (Modified Relative Address Designate Code): ngi ta nhan thay co s tng quan rat ln gia cac mau trang en cua cac dong ke can. Tren thc te gan 50% cac s chuyen oi trang-en, en-trang nam ngay di s chuyen oi tng t cua dong trc o va 25% ch lech i 1 pel . Tham so K: e han che vung nhieu khi xay ra nhieu truyen dan sau moi dong quet ma hoa mot chieu ch co nhieu nhat K-1 dong quet c ma hoa hai chieu. Nh vay dong quet ma hoa mot chieu xuat hien nhieu hn 1/K. Sau dong quet ma hoa mot chieu la chuoi K-1 dong quet c ma hoa hai chieu. Gia tr ln nhat cua K c xac nh nh sau: 1) o phan giai doc tieu chuan: K = 2. 2) o phan giai doc cao: K = 4. Ma hoa hai chieu: ay la phng phap ma hoa tng dong ma v tr cua moi phan t hnh anh thay oi tren dong quet hien thi hay dong ma hoa (coding line) c ma hoa theo v tr cua phan t tham chieu tng ng tren dong chuan hay dong tham chieu (reference line) ngay tren dong ma hoa. Sau khi dong hien thi a c ma hoa no lai tr thanh dong tham chieu cho dong ma hoa ke tiep. Figure 3/T.4 minh hoa cac phan t oi mau (changing element) sau: a0 phan t thay oi bat au hay tham chieu cua dong ma hoa. Vao luc bat au dong ma hoa a0 c xac nh la phan t thay oi trang tng tng nam ngay trc phan t th nhat cua dong ma hoa. Trong luc ang ma hoa a0 c nh ngha lai theo che o ma hoa trc o.
b1 Reference line Coding line a0 a1 a2 T0814150-93/d03 b2

FIGURE 3/T.4 Changing picture elements

a1 a2

phan t thay oi ke tiep ben phai cua a0 tren dong ma hoa. phan t thay oi ke tiep ben phai cua a1 tren dong ma hoa.

ISDN Technology

57

ang Quoc Anh

b1 phan t thay oi th nhat tren dong tham chieu ben phai a0 va trai mau vi a0. b2 phan t thay oi ke tiep ben phai cua b 1 tren dong tham chieu. Co 3 che o ma hoa: 1) Pass mode: ay la trng hp b2 nam ben trai a1. Sau khi ma hoa a0 c xac nh lai tren dong ma hoa thanh a0 nam ngay di b2 cho bc ma hoa ke tiep.
b1 Reference line Coding line a0 a0 a1 T0814160-93/d0 4 b2

FIGURE 4/T.4 Pass mode

Tuy nhien trng hp b2 nam ngay tre n a1 nh c minh hoa Figure 5/T.4 th lai khong phai la pass mode.
b1 Reference line Coding line a0 a1
T 0814170-93/d05

b2

FIGURE 5/T.4 An example not corresponding to a pass mode

2)

3)

Vertical mode: che o nay v tr cua a1 c ma hoa tng oi theo v tr cua b1. Khoang cach tng oi cua a1b1 tng ng 1 trong 7 gia tr V(0), VR(1), VR(2), VR(3), VL(1), VL(2) va VL(3). Moi gia tr bieu dien bang mot t matach biet. Ch so R, L cho biet a1 ben phai hay ben trai cua b1 va ch so nam trong ngoac n bieu dien gia tr cua khoang cach a1b1. Sau che o ma hoa chieu doc a 0 c xa c nh la i v tr a 1 (xem Figure 6/T.4). Horizontal mode: che o nay ca hai oan a0a1 va a1a2 eu c ma hoa bang t ma H + M(a0a1) + M(a1 a2). H la t ma 001 lay t bang ma hai chieu (Table 5/T.4). M(a0a1) va M(a1a2) la cac t ma ai dien cho cac oan mau tng ng a0a1 va a1a2 lay t cac cot trang en cua bang ma mot chieu (Table 3/T.4 va Table 4/T.4). Sau khi ma hoa che o ngang a0 c xac nh lai v tr a2 (xem Figure 6/T.4).

ang Quoc Anh

58

ISDN Technology

Vertical mode a1 b1 b1 Reference line Coding line a0 a 0 a1 a1 a 1 a2 Horizontal mode

T0814180-93/d06

b2

a2

FIGURE 6/T.4 Vertical mode and horizontal mode

TABLE 5/T.4

Two-dimensional code table

Mode Pass Horizontal Elements to be coded b1, b2 a0 a1 , a1 a2 Notation P H 0001 001 + M(a 0 a1 ) + M(a 1 a2 ) (see Note 1) 1 011 000011 0000011 010 000010 0000010 0000001xxx 000000001xxx (see Note 2) Code word

a1 just under b 1

a1 b1 = 0 a1 b1 = 1

V(0) VR(1) VR(2) VR(3) VL (1) VL (2) VL (3)

a1 to the right of b 1 Vertical

a1 b1 = 2 a1 b1 = 3 a1 b1 = 1

a1 to the left of b 1

a1 b1 = 2 a1 b1 = 3

Extension

2-D (extensions) 1-D (extensions)

NOTES 1 Code M() of the horizontal mode represents the code words in Tables 3 and 4. 2 It is suggested the uncompressed mode is recognized as an optional extension of two-dimensional coding scheme for group 3 apparatus. The bit assignment for the xxx bits is 111 for the uncompressed mode of operation whose code table is given in Table 6. 3 Further study is needed to define other unspecified xxx bit assignments and their use for any further extensions. 4 If the suggested uncompressed mode is used on a line designated to be one-dimensionally code, the coder must not switch into uncompressed mode following any code word ending in the sequence 000. This is because any code word ending in 000 followed by a switching code 000000001will be mistaken for an end-of-line code.

ISDN Technology

59

ang Quoc Anh

Thu tuc ma hoa: Thu tuc ma hoa xac nh che o ma hoa c s dung e ma hoa tng phan t thay oi doc theo dong ma hoa. Khi a xac nh c mot trong ba che o ma hoa theo bc 1 hoac bc 2 c mo ta di ay se chon c mot t ma thch ng trong Table 5/T.4. thu tuc ma hoa c minh hoa Figure 7/T.4. Bc 1: 1) Neu xac nh la pass mode th dung t ma 0001 (Table 5/T.4). Sau o phan t hnh anh a0 nam ngay di b2 c xem la a0 cho lan ma hoa ke tiep. 2) Khi khong phai la pass mode th sang bc 2. Bc 2: 1) Xac nh gia tr tuyet oi cua khoang cach tng oi a1b1. 2) Neu a1b1 3 th nh Table 5/T.4 a1b1 c ma hoa theo che o doc. Sau o a1 tr thanh a0 cho bc ma hoa ke tiep. 3) Neu a1b1 > 3 th nh Table 5/T.4 sau t ma 001 ca hai oan a0a1 va a1a2 eu c ma hoa 1 chieu. Sau o a2 tr thanh a0 cho bc ma hoa ke tiep. X ly iem au dong: Phan t hnh anh au tien cua moi dong ma hoa a0 c at tng tng ngay trc phan t hnh anh au tien va c xem nh iem trang. oan ma hoa au tien cua mot dong quet a0a1 c thay bang a0a1 1. V vay neu oan au tien cua dong quet la oan en va ang che o ma hoa ngang th t ma M(a0a1) tng ng vi oan trang co chieu dai bang 0 (xem Figure 10/T.4, v du 5). X ly iem cuoi dong: Viec ma hoa cua mot dong c tiep tuc cho en khi v tr cua iem thay oi tng tng nam ngay sau iem thc cuoi cung a c ma hoa. iem thay oi nay co the la a1 hoac a2. Cung vay neu b 1 va / hoac b 2 khong co tren dong ma hoa th chung c at phan t thay oi tng tng ngay sau phan t hnh anh thc cuoi cung cua dong tham chieu. T ma ong bo dong: cuoi cua bat c dong ma hoa nao cung c them t ma End-Of-Line (EOL) 000000000001. T ma EOL c bo sung them 1bit goi la tag bit e ch ro dong quet ke tiep c dung phng phap ma hoa 1 chieu hay 2 chieu. ac biet EOL cong them bit 1 luon c at trc dong au tien cua 1 trang. Fill: Fill c chen vao gia d lieu dong va tn hieu ong bo dong: EOL + tag bit, nhng khong c chen vao gia dong d lieu. Fill c them vao e bao am rang thi gian truyen dan d lieu, fill va EOL cong vi tag bit khong nho hn thi gian truyen dan nho nhat cua dong quet ma hoa tong cong tren mot dong quet. T ma Fill co dang mot chuoi cac bit 0.

ang Quoc Anh

60

ISDN Technology

Start

First line of K lines? No EOL + 0 Put a0 just before the 1st picture element

Yes

EOL + 1

One-dimensional coding

Detect a 1 Detect b1

Detect b 2

b2 to the left of a 1? Yes

No a1 b1 3 No Yes

Pass mode coding

Detect a 2 Horizontal mode coding

Vertical mode coding

Put a 0 just under b 2

Put a 0 on a 2

Put a0 on a 1

No

End of line? Yes

T0814190-93/d07

No

End of page? Yes RTC

End

FIGURE 7/T.4 Two-dimensional coding flow diagram

ISDN Technology

61

ang Quoc Anh

T ma Return to control (tra ve ieu khien: RTC): ket thuc gi tai lieu c anh dau bang 6 t ma ong bo dong lien tiep, ngha la 6 (EOL + 1). Figure 8/T.4 minh hoa mot vai dong quet au tien cua trang va Figure 9/T.4 minh hoa mot vai dong quet cuoi cung cua trang. Cac v du ve ma hoa: Figure 10/T.4 minh hoa mot so v du ve phan au cua dong quet va Figure 11/T.4 minh hoa phan cuoi trong khi Figure 12/T.4 minh hoa mot so v du khac. Phan t hnh anh co anh dau cham en la phan t hnh anh ang c ma hoa.
Data (twodimensional) T

EO L + 1

Data (one-dimensional) T

EOL + 0

FILL

EOL + 1

Data (one dimensional)

T0 81420 0-93/d0 8

<T

Minimum transmit time of a total coded scan line

FIG URE 8/T.4 Message transmission (first part of page)

End of phase C Data (twodimensional) or Data (one-dimensional)

Data

EOL + 0

FILL

EOL + 1

EOL + 1

EOL + 1

EOL + 1

EOL + 1

EOL + 1

RTC
T08 14210-93/d0 9

EOL + 1

FILL

FIGURE 9/T.4 Message transmission (last part of page)

ang Quoc Anh

62

ISDN Technology

V(0)

2 1

VL(1)

3 1

a0 10

VR(2)

T0814220-93/d10

H(0,3)

V R (1)

FIGURE 10/T.4 Coding examples: first part of scan line

1728

1728

1728

V(0), V(0) 1728

V(0), VR (2) 1728

V(0), VL (2), V(0) 1728

4 V(0), VL (2), V(0) 1728

V(0),

VR(3)

6 P, V(0) a0 1728

a 0 H ( 2,6)

V(0), H (7,0)

T0814230-93/d11

FIGURE 11/T.4 Coding examples: last part of scan line

ISDN Technology

63

ang Quoc Anh

VR (3), VL (2), V(0)

a0

H(7,2)

a0 Mode: Code: P 00 0 1 V L (1) 01 0 V(0) 1 H(3,4) 00 1 1 000 0 11 P 0 0 01

T08 14240-93/d12

FIGURE 12/T.4 Coding examples

d)

Thch ng toc o thiet b au cuoi

TA R RA1 X.1 2k 8 kbit/s Step 1
k

RA2 2 8 kbit/s 64 kbit/s Step 2

S, T

X.21/X.21 bis

T0716430-93/D03

FIGU RE 2-1/X.30

Cac thiet b au cuoi so lieu co toc o khac nhau c thch ng toc o bien thanh 64 kbps bang cach qua bo thch ng au cuoi TA. Nh minh hoa Figure 2-1/X.30 chc nang thch ng toc o d lieu cua TA bao gom RA1 va RA2.
Synchronous Data Rate (bps) 600 1200 2400 4800 7200 9600 12000 14400 19200 RA1 Synchronous Rate (bps) 8 8 8 8 16 16 32 32 32

ang Quoc Anh

64

ISDN Technology

Bang tren cho thay cac toc o X.21/X.21bis c x ly RA1. Sau ay la cac bang chuyen toc o trong mot so trng hp cu the theo ITU-T Rec. X.30.
0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 P1 P4 P7 Q2 1 Q5 Q8 R3 R6 0 P1 P4 P7 Q2 1 Q5 Q8 R3 R6 0 P2 P5 P8 Q3 0 Q6 R1 R4 R7 0 P2 P5 P8 Q3 E4 Q6 R1 R4 R7 0 P3 P6 Q1 Q4 E5 Q7 R2 R5 R8 0 P3 P6 Q1 Q4 E6 Q7 R2 R5 R8 0 SP X SQ SQ E7 SR X SR SP

FIGURE 2-4b/X.30 Adaption of the 2400 bit/s user rate to the 8 kbit/s bearer rate
0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 P1 P7 Q5 R3 0 P1 P7 Q5 R3 0 P2 P8 Q6 R4 1 P2 P8 Q6 R4 0 P3 Q1 Q7 R5 1 P3 Q1 Q7 R5 0 P4 Q2 Q8 R6 E4 P4 Q2 Q8 R6 0 P5 Q3 R1 R7 E5 P5 Q3 R1 R7 0 P6 Q4 R2 R8 E6 P6 Q4 R2 R8 0 SQ X SR SP E7 SQ X SR SP

FIGURE 2-4c/X.30 Adaption of the 4800 bit/s user rate to the 8 kbit/s bearer rate

0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

0 P1 P7 Q5 R3 0 P1 P7 Q5 R3

0 P2 P8 Q6 R4 1 P2 P8 Q6 R4

0 P3 Q1 Q7 R5 1 P3 Q1 Q7 R5

0 P4 Q2 Q8 R6 E4 P4 Q2 Q8 R6

0 P5 Q3 R1 R7 E5 P5 Q3 R1 R7

0 P6 Q4 R2 R8 E6 P6 Q4 R2 R8

0 SQ X SR SP E7 SQ X SR SP

FIGURE 2-4d/X.30 Adaption of the 9600 bit/s user rate to the 16 kbit/s bearer rate

Bien oi t 8 kbps, 16 kbps va 32 bps thanh 64 kbps c thc hien nh sau: Dong so 8 kbps: b 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

ISDN Technology

65

ang Quoc Anh

Dong so 16 kbps: b b 1 1 1 1 1 1

Dong so 32 kbps b b b b 1 1 1 1

2.2.5 Dch vu cong them (supplementary services) Dch vu cong them cua ISDN cung cap them cac kha nang dch vu c dung vi bearer services va teleservices. Dch vu cong them khong the s dung oc lap c. 2.2.5.1Number Identification supplementary services a) Direct Dialling In (DDI)

DDI la dch vu cong them cho phep ngi s dung goi trc tiep mot ngi s dung khac trong mot ISPBX (integrated services private branch exchange) hay cac he thong noi bo khac ma khong can co s can thiep cua ien thoai vien. Mot phan so ISDN c chuyen cho mang ISDN noi bo e chuyen en so may can thiet. Direct-Dialling-In (DDI) c ap dung cho ca cac mang ISDN co ke hoach anh so ong eu (closed numbering plan) hay khong ong eu (open numbering plan). b) Multiple Subscriber Number (MSN)

MSN la dch vu cong them cung cap kha nang gan nhieu so ISDN (khong can phai lien tiep) cho cung mot giao dien toc o c s, moi so ng vi mot TE chang han se cho phep chon la TE trong mot giao dien. Nha cung cap dch vu se co nh chieu dai cua so may. Cac ch so xac nh TE la mot phan cua s o anh so ISDN. Lu y rang moi TE co the c gan nhieu so. c) Calling Line Identification Presentation (CLIP)

CLIP hien th so may goi tai may b goi. Khi dung CLIP th mang cung cap cho may b goi so may goi vao luc cuoc goi en c thiet lap. So thue bao goi cung co the bao gom ca phan a ch phu (sub-address).

ang Quoc Anh

66

ISDN Technology

d)

Calling Line Identification Restriction (CLIR)

CLIR la dch vu cho phep ngi goi ngan hien th so may goi tai may b goi. Khi o tong ai pha may goi se cho tong ai pha may b goi lu y ve viec khong cho hien th so may goi tai may b goi. e) Connected Line Identification Presentation (COLP) COLP la dch vu hien th so may b goi tai may goi. f) Connected Line Identification Restriction (COLR) COLR la dch vu ngan hien th so may b goi tai may goi. g) Malicious call identification (MCID)

MCID la dch vu nhan biet cuoc goi e doa. Dch vu nay cho phep ngi s dung ISDN co kha nang b lu lai tren mang (theo yeu cau thch hp) thong tin ve cuoc goi nh: so may goi, so may b goi, thi iem xay ra cuoc goi trong mang phuc vu cua ngi s dung b goi. Nha cung cap mang se gi lai thong tin e s dung sau nay. h) Sub-addressing (SUB)

SUB la dch vu a ch phu. Dch vu nay cho phep ngi s dung nh v cho tng thiet b au cuoi cua mnh bang phan m rong sau so ISDN chnh qua dau phan cach *. Kch thc toi a cua phan a ch phu la 20 octet. 2.2.5.2Call Offering supplementary services a) Call Transfer (CT)

CT la dch vu chuyen tam thi mot cuoc goi a c thiet lap cho ngi s dung th ba, ngi chuyen cuoc goi co the la ngi goi hoac ngi b goi. b) Call Forwarding Busy (CFB)

CFB la dch vu chuyen cuoc goi co nh khi ban cho phep mang t ong chuyen moi cuoc goi en mot so may ISDN khac khi so may cua ngi c phuc vu ang ban.

ISDN Technology

67

ang Quoc Anh

c)

Call Forwarding No Reply (CFNR)

CFNR la dch vu chuyen cuoc goi co nh khi khong tra li cho phep mang t ong chuyen moi cuoc goi en mot so may ISDN khac khi so may cua ngi c phuc vu khong tra li. d) Call Forwarding Unconditional (CFU)

CFR la dch vu chuyen cuoc goi co nh vo ieu kien cho phep mang t ong chuyen moi cuoc goi en mot so may ISDN khac. e) Line Hunting (LT)

LT la dch vu san tm ng day, la dch vu cong them cho phep cac cuoc goi en mot so may ISDN nao o c phan phoi cho mot nhom cac giao dien. f) Call Deflection (CD)

CD la dch vu cho phep mot ngi s dung ang c phuc vu trong thi gian thc yeu cau chuyen hng mot cuoc goi en so may ISDN cua ho cho mot so may ISDN khac. Dch vu nay khong anh hng en dch vu ang dung cua ngi s dung ang c phuc vu. 2.2.5.3Call Completion supplementary services a) Call Waiting (CW)

CW la dch vu bao thue bao ang ban co cuoc goi en. Ngi s dung co the chap nhan l i hoac huy bo cuoc goi nay. b) Call Hold (HOLD)

HOLD la dch vu kem gi cuoc goi cho phep ngi s dung c phuc vu co the ngat quang cuoc goi ang tien hanh va neu muon se tr lai sau o. 2.2.5.4Multiparty supplementary services a) Conference Calling (CONF) CONF la dch vu cuoc goi hoi ngh.

ang Quoc Anh

68

ISDN Technology

b)

Three-Party Service (3 PTY)

3PTY la dch vu tay ba cho phep ngi s dung c phuc vu thc hien mot cuoc goi vi ngi b goi th nhat, kem gi cuoc goi nay, thc hien cuoc goi mi vi ngi b goi th hai. Ngi s dung c phuc vu co kha nang luan phien noi chuyen vi hai ngi b goi nay va co the a ca ba vao che o hoi thoai. 2.2.5.5Community of Interest supplementary services a) Closed User Group (CUG)

CUG la dch vu nhom ngi s dung co lien quan. Cho phep han che nhng ngi trong nhom ch thc hien c cac cuoc goi vi nhau. Mot so ngi ac biet trong nhom co the goi hoac nhan cuoc goi t ben ngoai. b) Support of Private Numbering Plan (SPNP)

SPNP la dch vu ho tr ke hoach anh so rieng cho phep thue bao s dung mot ke hoach anh so rieng e lien lac qua mot hay nhieu mang gia cac giao dien cua ngi s dung c ch nh. Dch vu cong them SPNP cung cap mot nhom ngi s dung vi kha nang goi bang chuoi so co cau truc va y ngha khac vi ke hoach anh so cong cong. c) Multi-Level Precedence And Preemption (MLPP)

MLPP la dch vu cung cap dch vu x ly cuoc goi theo u tien. Dch vu nay gom 2 phan: u tien (precedence) va chiem oat (preemption). u tien bao gom viec gan mc u tien cho mot cuoc goi. Chiem oat bao gom viec mot cuoc goi co mc u tien cao hn chiem oat tai nguyen ang c mot cuoc goi khac co mc u tien thap hn s dung khi khong con tai nguyen trong. d) Priority Service

Priority Service la dch vu u tien cung cap viec oi x u ai trong mang cho cac cuoc goi en hay i t mot so may nao o khi chon ng. Dch vu u tien cho cac cuoc goi t mot ng day nao o c goi la u tien loai A (Apriority) gom loai I u tien cho tat ca cac cuoc goi va loai II u tien cho tng cuoc goi cu the. Dch vu u tien cho cac cuoc goi en cac so may khan cap nao o c goi la u tien loai B (B-priority).

ISDN Technology

69

ang Quoc Anh

e)

Outgoing Call Barring (OCB)

OCB cho phep ngan chan cac cuoc goi i t trong nhom cac thue bao co lien quan (CUG) cua ngi s dung c phuc vu. Tuy nhien dch vu khong ngan cac cuoc goi en. Co 2 loai ngan chan: General Outgoing Call Barring (GOCB) ngan tat ca moi cuoc goi i (tr cac so ien thoai ac biet nh canh sat, oi cu hoa chang han) va Special Outgoing Call Barring (SOCB) - ngan cac cuoc goi ac biet (nh lien tnh, quoc te). 2.2.5.6Charging supplementary services a) Credit Card Calling (CRED)

CRED la dch vu thc hien cuoc goi ng dai s dung the tn dung e thanh toan cc ph. b) Advice of Charge (AOC)

AOC la dch vu thong bao cc ph. Dch vu nay co the bao gom mot so cac trng hp sau: Thong tin cc ph luc ket thuc cuoc goi. Thong tin cc ph luc ang goi. Thong tin cc ph luc thiet lap cuoc goi. c) Reverse Charging (RC)

RC la dch vu ao ngc vai tro tnh cc. Dch vu nay cho phep ngi b goi thanh toan mot phan hay toan bo cc ph cuoc goi. 2.2.5.7Additional information transfer supplementary service a) User-to-User Signalling (UUS)

UUS la dch vu cong them cho phep mot ngi s dung ISDN gi / nhan mot lng gii han thong tin en / i t mot ngi s dung ISDN khac qua kenh bao hieu lien quan en cuoc goi cho mot mot ngi s dung ISDN khac na.

ang Quoc Anh

70

ISDN Technology

b)

Terminal Portability (TP)

TP cho phep ngi s dung di chuyen thiet b au cuoi t mot socket nay sang mot socket khac trong mot truy xuat c s nao o trong trang thai tch cc cua cuoc goi. No cung cho phep di chuyen mot cuoc goi t thiet b au cuoi nay en thiet b au cuoi khac trong mot truy xuat c s nao o trong trang thai tch cc cua cuoc goi. c) In-call Modification (IM)

IM cho phep ngi s dung thay oi loai cuoc goi khi a c thiet lap cuoc goi.