Tm hiu v m hnh in ton m my

Cloud Computing (CC) l m hnh din ton cho php truy cp qua mng la chn v s dng ti nguyn tnh ton theo nhu cu mt cch thun tin v nhanh chng, ng thi cho php kt thc s dng dch v, gii phng ti nguyn d dng, gim thiu cc giao tip vi nh cung cp.

S tin ha ca m hnh in ton M hnh in ton tin ha qua cc thi k lch s khc nhau do s pht trin ca my tnh v h tng mng truyn thng. T th h my tnh th nht n th h th ba, my tnh vn l cc my tnh cng knh, t ; cc chng trnh ng dng c pht trin vi chi ph rt cao do s thiu thn thin ca ngn ng lp trnh cng nh iu kin vn hnh v s dng h thng kht khe.

Th h th 4 ca my tnh xut hin nhng nm 70 n nay vi s xut hin ca vi x l vi cc ngn ng lp trnh thn thin, ph hp hn cho tng lnh vc ng

dng c th. Vi vic cho ra i my tnh c nhn u nhng nm 80 ca IBM v Apple, in ton c tip cn rng ri v tr nn ph thng. Bc sang nhng nm 80 nht l nhng nm 90 cng ngh v h tng mng. Truyn thng c nhng bc pht trin vt bc, vi s ra i ca mng Internet kt ni ton cu v s bng n ca ng dng Web. Ngy nay, nhng nm u th k 21, h tng my tnh, vin thng hi t trn nn cng ngh s. Cng ngh kt ni c dy, khng dy qua cp ng, cp quang, v tinh, wifi, mng 3G, 4G, cho php kt ni mng ton cu, vn ti c vng su, vng xa ngho kh. Vi h tng ICT pht trin nh vy, cc thit b tnh ton cng ht sc a dng t cc siu my tnh, my ch ln, ti cc my tnh c nhn, my tnh xch tay, cc thit b di ng thng minh hay cc in thoi di ng gi r u c th kt ni vi nhau mt th gii kt ni. Khi th gii in ton kt ni, lm th no khai thc c ti a nng lc in ton vi chi ph thp nht v nhanh nht? Lm th no mt doanh nghip c h thng ng dng ERP trong vng 24 gi? Lm th no d n phn mm c mi trng pht trin vi cng c qun l d n sn sng trong vng 4 gi? Lm th no c gio hiu trng vng cao c th c ng dng qun l h s, gio n tc th m khng phi tm hiu cc bc ci t hoc sao lu d liu? Khng th k ht cc nhu cu tng t, nhng c th ni in ton m my l m hnh c k vng p ng cc nhu cu , em sn phm v dch v cng ngh thng tin cht lng cao n mi i tng theo nhu cu, vi thi gian nhanh hn v chi ph r hn. Khi nim Cloud Computing Cloud Computing (CC) c l l thut ng thi s nht trong gii cng ngh thng tin trn th gii hin nay v c Gartner xp u bng trong cc cng ngh chin lc t nm 2010. Du vy, CC vn l mt m hnh ang tin ti hon chnh,

cc hng cng ngh cng nh cc t chc tiu chun trn th gii ang a ra cc nh ngha v cch nhn ca ring mnh.

Tc gi thy rng nh ngha ca NIST l r rng vi cch nhn bao qut: CC l m hnh din ton cho php truy cp qua mng la chn v s dng ti nguyn tnh ton (v d: mng, my ch, lu tr, ng dng v dch v) theo nhu cu mt cch thun tin v nhanh chng, ng thi cho php kt thc s dng dch v, gii phng ti nguyn d dng, gim thiu cc giao tip vi nh cung cp. Theo , m hnh chnh l cho php s dng dch v theo yu cu (on-demam service); cung cp kh nng truy cp dch v qua mng rng ri t my tnh bn, my tnh xch tay ti thit b di ng (broad net-work access); vi ti nguyn tnh ton ng, phc v nhiu ngi (resource pooling for multi-tenanci), nng lc tnh ton phn mm do, p ng nhanh vi nhu cu thp ti cao (rapid elasticity). M hnh CC cng m bo vic s dng cc ti nguyn c o nah fucng cp dch v qun tr v ti u c ti nguyn, ng thi ngi dng ch phi tr chi ph cho phn ti nguyn s dng (pay-by-use).

M hnh cc lp dch v Dch v CC rt a dng v bao gm tt c cc lp dch v in ton t cung cp nng lc tnh ton trn di my ch hiu sut cao hay cc my ch o, khng gian lu tr d liu, hay mt h iu hnh, mt cng c lp trnh, hay mt ng dng k ton Cc dch v cng c phn loi kh da dng, nhng cc m hnh dch v CC ph bin nht c th c phn thnh 3 nhm: Dch v h tng (IaaS), Dch v nn tng (PaaS) v Dch v phn mm (SaaS).

Dch v h tng IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) Dch v IaaS cung cp dch v c bn bao gm nng lc tnh ton, khng gian lu tr, kt ni mng ti khch hng. Khch hng (c nhn hoc t chc) c th s dng ti nguyn h tng ny p ng nhu cu tnh ton hoc ci t ng dng ring cho ngi s dng. Vi dch v ny khch hng lm ch h iu hnh, lu tr v cc ng dng do khch hng ci t. Khch hng in hnh ca dch v IaaS c th l mi i tng cn ti mt my tnh v t ci t ng dng ca mnh. V d in hnh v dch v ny l dch v EC2 ca Amazon. Khch hng c th ng k s dng mt my tnh o tr dch v ca Amazon v la chn mt h thng iu hnh (v d, Windows hoc Linux) v t ci t ng dng ca mnh. Dch v nn tng PaaS (Platform as a Service)

Dch v PaaS cung cp nn tng in ton cho php khch hng pht trin cc phn mm, phc v nhu cu tnh ton hoc xy dng thnh dch v trn nn tng Cloud d. Dch v PaaS c th c cung cp di dng cc ng dng lp gia (middleware), cc ng dng ch (application server) cng cc cng c lp trnh vi ngn ng lp trnh nht nh xy dng ng dng. Dch v PaaS cng c th c xy dng ring v cung cp cho khch hng thng qua mt API ring. Khch hng xy dng ng dng v tng tc vi h tng CC thng qua API . mc PaaS, khch hng khng qun l nn tng Cloud hay cc ti nguyn lp nh h iu hnh, lu gi lp di. Khch hng in hnh ca dch v PaaS chnh l cc nh pht trin ng dng (ISV). Dch v App Engine ca Google l mt dch v PaaS in hnh, cho php khch hng xy dng cc ng dng web vi mi trng chy ng dng v pht trin da trn ngn ng lp trnh Java hoc Python. Dch v phn mm SaaS (Software as a Service) Dch v SaaS cung cp cc ng dng hon chnh nh mt dch v theo yu cu cho nhiu khch hng vi ch mt phin bn ci t. Khch hng la chn ng dng ph hp vi nhu cu v s dng m khng quan tm ti hay b cng sc qun l ti nguyn tnh ton bn di. Dch v SaaS ni ting nht phi k n Salesforce.com vi cc ng dng cho doanh nghip m ni bt nht l CRM. Cc ng dng SaaS cho ngi dng cui ph bin l cc ng dng office Online ca Microsoft hay Google Docs ca Google. M hnh trin khai T m my (cloud) xut pht t hnh nh minh ha mng Internet c s dng rng ri trong cc hnh v v h thng mng my tnh ca gii CNTT. Mt

cch nm na, in ton m my l m hnh in ton Internet. Tuy nhin, khi m hnh Cc dn nh hnh, cc u im ca n c vn dng p dng trong cc mi trng c quy m v phm vi ring, hnh thnh cc m hnh trin khai khc nhau. m my cng cng M hnh u tin c ni n khi cp ti CC chnh l m hnh Public Cloud. y l m hnh m h tng CC c mt t chc s hu v cung cp dch v rng ri cho tt c cc khch hng thng qua h tng mng Internet hoc cc mng cng cng din rng. Cc ng dng khc nhau chia s chung ti nguyn tnh ton, mng v lu tr. Do vy, h tng CC c tit k m bo c lp v d liu gia cc khch hng v tch bit v truy cp.

Cc dch v Public Cloud hng ti s lng khch hng ln nn thng c nng lc v h tng cao, p ng nhu cu tnh ton linh hot, em li chi ph thp cho khch hng. Do khch hng ca dch v trn Public Cloud s bao gm tt c cc

tng lp m khch hng c nhn v doanh nghip nh s c li th trong vic d dng tip cn cc ng dng cng ngh cap, cht lng m khng phi u t ban u, chi ph s dng thp, linh hot. m my doanh nghip m my doanh nghip (Private Cloud) l m hnh trong h tng m my c s hu bi mt t chc v phc v cho ngi dng ca tt chc . Private Cloud c th c vn hnh bi mt bn th ba v h tng m my c th c t bn trong hoc bn ngoi t chc s hu (ti bn th ba kim vn hnh hoc thm ch l mt bn th t).

Private Cloud c cc t chc, doanh nghip ln xy dng cho mnh nhm khai thc u im c cc t chc, doanh nghip ln xy dng cho mnh nhm khai thc u im v cng ngh v kh nng qun tr ca CC. Vi Private Cloud, cc doanh nghip ti u c h tng IT ca mnh, nng cao hiu qu s dng, qun l trong cp pht v thu hi ti nguyn, qua gim thi gian a sn phm sn xut, kinh doanh ra th trng. m my chung m my chung (Community Cloud) l m hnh trong h tng m my c chia s bi mt s t chc cho cng ng ngi dng trong cc t chc . Cc t chc ny do c th khng tip cn vi cc dch v Public Cloud v chia s chung mt h tng CC nng cao hiu qu u t v s dng.

m my lai M hnh m my lai (Hybrid Cloud) l m hnh bao gm hai hoc nhiu hn cc m my trn tch hp vi nhau. M hnh Hybrid Cloud cho php chia s h tng hoc p ng nhu cu trao i d liu.