gii chi tit thi th i hc - m 792

Cu 1. Suy ra cu hnh electron ca ion A

3+
l [Ar] 3d
2
cu hnh electron nguyn t ca A:
[Ar] 3d
3
4s
2
. p n ng l B
Cu 2. Kh c th cng tn ti vi Cl
2
l kh O
2
v halogen khng phn ng vi kh oxi. p n
ng l C
*Ch : 2HI
(k)
+ Cl
2

(k)
2HCl + I
2

H
2
S
(k)
+ Cl
2

(k)
2HCl + S
2NH
3
+ 3Cl
2
N
2
+ 6HCl
Cu 3. Trong kh thin nhin, thnh phn ch yu l metan (CH
4
). p n ng l C
Cu 4. C th gii bi ny theo phng php loi tr
Ta bit CTPT ca cc cht C
2
H
4
, CaC
2
, HCHO u tha mn quy tc bt t.
Vy cn li NO khng tha mn quy tc bt t. p n ng l D
Cu 5. Da vo dy in ha:
Fe
2+
Cu
2+
Fe
3+

Fe Cu Fe
2+

Cht ng trc c tnh kh mnh hn cht ng sau trt t gim dn tnh kh Fe > Cu > Fe
2+

Do th t cc qu trnh oxi ha l:
1. Fe Fe
2+
+ 2e
4. Cu Cu
2+
+ 2e
3. Fe
2+
Fe
3+
+ 1e
p n ng l A
Cu 6. Thuc th l BaCO
3
:
KOH + BaCO
3
khng phn ng
BaCO
3
+ 2HCl BaCl
2
+ CO
2
| + H
2
O
BaCO
3
+ H
2
SO
4
BaSO
4
+ + CO
2
| + H
2
O
p n ng l C
Cu 7. Theo bi ra:
2
H
13,44
n = = 0,6 (mol)
22,4

Cc qu trnh xy ra:
HCl H
+
+ Cl
-

0,5 mol 0,5 mol
H
2
SO
4
2H
+
+ SO
4
2

0,5 mol 1 mol 0,5 mol

+
H
n = 0,5 + 1 = 1,5 (mol)

2H
+
+ 2.1e H
2
|
1,2 (mol) 0,6 (mol)
V
+
H
n
(p/)
= 1,2 (mol) <
+
H
n
(cho)
= 1,5 (mol)
axit cn d (kim loi phn ng ht)
Ba Ba
2+
+ 2e
0,5 (mol) 0,5 (mol)
Ba
2+
+ SO
4
2
BaSO
4
+
0,5 (mol) 0,5 (mol)
H
2
SO
4
phn ng ht, do HCl cn d
Vy, kt lun ng l cc kim loi tan ht, ch axit HCl cn d (do ion SO
4
2
kt hp va ht vi
ion Ba
2+
to ra kt ta BaSO
4
)
p n ng l C
Cu 8. Pht biu sai l (A), v trn tng kh quyn cao c nng O
2
rt thp (do cng ln cao
khng kh cng long v kh O
2
nng hn khng kh) v nhit thp. Do , s chy ca nhin liu
tng cao chm hn khi chy mt t
p n ng l A
Cu 9. Phng trnh phn ng:
AlCl
3
+ 3NaOH Al(OH)
3
+ 3NaCl
Al(OH)
3
+ NaOH NaAlO
2
+ 2H
2
O
AlCl
3
+ 4NaOH NaAlO
2
+ 3NaCl + 2H
2
O
a (mol) b (mol)
thu c kt ta (Al(OH)
3
) th a : b > 1 : 4
p n ng l D
Cu 10. Theo bi ra: n
Mg
=
2,16
= 0,09 (mol)
24
; n
NO
=
0,896
= 0,04 (mol)
22,4

Xy ra cc qu trnh:
Mg 2e Mg
+2

mol 0,09 0,18 0,09

e (Mg cho)
n = 0,09.2 = 0,18 (mol)

N
+5
+ 3e N
+2

mol 0,12 0,04

e
n (N
+5
nhn) = 0,04 . 3 = 0,12 (mol)
Suy ra:
e (cho)
n

>
e (nhn)
n

c sn phm NH
4
NO
3

N
+5
+ 8e N
-3

(0,18 0,12) 0,0075 (mol)
Vy khi lng cht rn khan thu c:
m =
3 2 4 3
Mg(NO ) NH NO
m + m = 0,09.148 + 0,0075.80 = 13,92 (gam)
p n ng l B
Cu 11. Xt cc phng n:
A. C + 4HNO
3
(c)
o
t
CO
2
+ 4NO
2
+ 2H
2
O
Cht kh
loi
B. C + 2H
2
SO
4
(c)
o
t
CO
2
+ 2SO
2
+ 2H
2
O
Cht kh
loi
-1 +2
C. CaO + 3C
o
t cao
CaC
2
+ CO
Va cht oxi ha, va cht kh
D. CO
2
+ C
o
t

2CO
Cht kh
loi
p n ng l C
Cu 12. Lin kt ha hc ch yu trong hp cht hu c ch yu l lin kt cng ha tr. p n
ng l C
*Ch : Trong hp cht hu c, ngoi lin kt cng ha tr l ch yu, trong trng hp cht mui
cn tn ti lin kt ion.
Th d: CH
3
COONa CH
3
COO
-
+ Na
+

CH
3
NH
3
Cl CH
3
NH
3
+
+ Cl
-

Cu 13.
+ Hirocacbon mch h X trong phn t ch cha lin kt o
X l ankan (C
n
H
2n+2
)
+ t 1 V
X
6.
2
CO
V Suy ra X l C
6
H
14
(C
6
H
14

2
+O
6CO
2
)
+ Trong phn t X c 2 nguyn t cacbon bc ba nn X phi c cu to:
CH
3
- CH - CH - CH
3
(2,3 imetylbutan)
CH
3
CH
3

+ X + Cl
2

1 : 1
to ra 2 sn phm monoclo
p n ng l C
Cu 14. lm sch etilen (C
2
H
4
) c ln mt t etin (axetilen, C
2
H
2
) th phi dn qua dung dch
(d) cht phn ng vi etin (gi etin li) nhng khng phn ng vi etilen. Dung dch l
AgNO
3
/NH
3
:
CHCH + 2AgNO
3
+ 2NH
3
AgC=CAg+ + 2NH
4
NO
3

CH
2
=CH
2
+ AgNO
3
+ NH
3
khng phn ng
p n ng l C
*Ch : Cc dung dch cn li (Br
2
, HBr, KMnO
4
) u phn ng vi c etin v etilen
Cu 15. p n ng l C
Cu 16. Xt cc phng n:
A. ng: C
6
H
5
OH + NaOH C
6
H
5
ONa + H
2
O
C
6
H
5
ONa + HCl C
6
H
5
OH + NaCl
B. Sai: CH
3
COOH + NaOH CH
3
COONa + H
2
O
CH
3
COONa + CO
2
+ H
2
O Khng phn ng
(V CH
3
COOH c tnh axit mnh hn H
2
CO
3
)
C. ng: C
6
H
5
ONa + CO
2
+ H
2
O C
6
H
5
OH + NaHCO
3

C
6
H
5
OH + NaOH C
6
H
5
ONa + H
2
O
D. ng: C
6
H
5
ONH
2
+ HCl C
6
H
5
NH
3
Cl
C
6
H
5
NH
3
Cl + NaOH C
6
H
5
NH
2
+ NaCl + H
2
O
p n ng l B
Cu 17. Cc este ca C
4
H
8
O
2
(no, h, n chc)
1) HCOOCH
2
CH
2
CH
3
2) HCOOCH(CH
3
)
2

3) CH
3
COOCH
2
CH
3
4) CH
3
CH
2
COOCH
3
(4 este)
p n ng l A
Cu 18. Cacbohirat ch cha 2 gc glucoz trong phn t l mantoz
p n ng l B
Cu 19. p n ng l B
Cu 20. Cc trng hp tha mn 3 iu kin n mn in ha l
1. Fe/dd CuCl
2
: Fe + CuCl
2
Cu + FeCl
2

(Cu sinh ra bm vo thanh Fe tha mn 3 iu kin n mn in ha)
2. Fe/dd HCl, CuCl
2
: Tng t trn
p n ng l C
Cu 21. Xt cc phng n:
A. Ch dng H
2
O c th phn bit c 4 kim loi ny:
Na + H
2
O NaOH + 1/2H
2
|
(Trong sut)
Ca + 2H
2
O Ca(OH)
2
+ H
2
|
(Vn c)
S dng dung dch NaOH va to ra lm thuc th nhn bit 2 kim loi khng tc dng vi
nc (Mg, Al):
Mg + NaOH khng phn ng
Al + NaOH + 3H
2
O Na[Al(OH)
4
] + 3/2H
2
|
B. Ch dng dung dch Na
2
CO
3
c th phn bit c 3 mui ny:
NaCl + Na
2
CO
3
khng phn ng
CaCl
2
+ Na
2
CO
3
CaCO
3
+ + 2NaCl
2AlCl
3
+ 3Na
2
CO
3
+ 3H
2
O 2Al(OH)
3
+ + 3CO
2
| + 6NaCl
C. Ch dng H
2
O c th phn bit c 3 oxit ny:
CaO + H
2
O Ca(OH)
2
(tan)
MgO, Al
2
O
3
khng tc dng vi H
2
O
Cho 2 oxit cn li (MgO, Al
2
O
3
) vo dung dch Ca(OH)
2
(va to ra):
MgO + Ca(OH)
2
khng phn ng
Al
2
O
3
+ Ca(OH)
2
+ 3H
2
O Ca[Al(OH)
4
]
2
(tan)
D. Khng th ch dng 1 thuc th phn bit 3 hiroxit: NaOH, Zn(OH)
2
, Al(OH)
3

p n ng l D
Cu 22. Pipet l ng thy tinh di, b c ch to phnh ra khong gia, mt u c ko di.
ng c vch mc. Pipet c dng ly mt th tch chnh xc dung dch cht cn phn tch. p
n ng l A
Cu 23. cn dng lng HNO
3
t nht th phi xy ra cc phn ng l:
Fe + 4HNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ NO + 2H
2
O
mol 0,15 0,6 0,15
Cu + 2Fe(NO
3
)
3
Cu(NO
3
)
2
+ 2Fe(NO
3
)
2

mol 0,075 0,15
3Cu + 8HNO
3
3Cu(NO
3
)
2
+ 2NO + 4H
2
O
mol (0,15 0,075) 0,2
Vy, tng lng HNO
3
cn dng bng:
3
HNO
n = 0,6 + 0,2 = 0,8 (mol)

3
dd HNO 1M
0,8
V = = 0,8
1
(lt)
p n ng l C
*Ch : Nu ch xy ra 2 phn ng:
Fe + 4HNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ NO + 2H
2
O
3Cu + 8HNO
3
3Cu(NO
3
)
2
+ 2NO + 4H
2
O
Th lng HNO
3
tiu th s ln hn khi xy ra thm phn ng:
Cu + 2Fe(NO
3
)
3
2Fe(NO
3
)
2
+ Cu(NO
3
)
2

Cu 24. Bng phng php n gin ta c th dng giy qu tm m:
- Cl
2
+ H
2
O HCl + HClO
Lc u giy qu tm chuyn thnh mu (do c axit clohiric), sau b ty mu thnh
trng (do HClO c tnh oxi ha rt mnh)
- HCl
dung dch
H
+
+ Cl
-

Lm qu tm ha
- NH
3
+ H
2
O

NH
4
+
+ OH
-

Lm qu tm ha xanh
- H
2
khng lm i mu qu tm m
p n ng l B
Ch : Phi dng giy qu m (c H
2
O)
Cu 25. PTHH:
[C
6
H
7
O
2
(OH)
3
]
n
+ 3nHNO
3
()
2 4
H SO (d)
[C
6
H
7
O
2
(ONO
2
)
3
]
n
+ 3nH
2
O
63.3n (kg) 297n (kg)
a (kg) 29,7 (kg)
a =
29,7.63.3n
= 18,9 (kg)
297n

V H = 90% nn : m =
18,9.100
= 21 (kg)
90

p n ng l B
Cu 26. Ion A
2
, B
+
c cu hnh electron 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
(ca kh him neon)
mi ion c 10 electron
Hp cht to ra t 2 loi ion trn l B
2
A
Tng s electron 2.10 + 10 = 30 electron / 1 phn t
p n ng l C
+1 +3 +5 +7
Cu 27. Trong dy: HClO HClO
2
HClO
3
HClO
4


- S oxi ha ca clo tng dn
- bn ca chng tng dn
- Tnh axit ca chng tng dn
- Tnh oxi ha ca chng gim dn
p n ng l C
Cu 28. Mt cch tng qut, s lin kt gia cc nguyn t to thnh phn t hay tinh th c gii
thch bng s gim nng lng khi chuyn cc nguyn t ring r thnh phn t hay tinh th. V c
nng lng thp hn nn cc phn t bn vng hn v cng do m hot ng ha hc ca
phn t ni chung km hn ca nguyn t
V d: H + H H
2
, AH = -103 kCal
H + F HF, AH = -136kCal
H
2
+ FeCl
3
khng phn ng
H + FeCl
3
FeCl
2
+ HCl
Nu khng mu
p n ng l B
Cu 29. Xt cc PTHH:
1. 2FeBr
2
+ Br
2
2FeBr
3

2. 2NaBr + Cl
2
2NaCl + Br
2

T (2) Tnh kh ca Cl
-
yu hn Br
-

T (2) Tnh oxi ha ca Cl
2
mnh hn Br
2

T (1) Tnh kh ca Fe
2+
yu hn ca Br
2

T (1) Tnh oxi ha ca Fe
3+
yu hn ca Br
2

Tnh oxi ha ca Fe
3+
yu hn ca Cl
2
(v tnh oxi ha ca Cl
2
yu hn Br
2
)
p n ng l D
*Ch : Nguyn tc ca phn ng oxi ha kh. Cht oxi ha mnh tc dng vi cht kh mnh to
ra cht oxi ha yu hn v cht kh yu hn
Oxi ha 1 + kh 1 Oxi ha 2 + kh 2
iu kin: Oxi ha 1 > Oxi ha 2
Kh 1 > Kh 2
Cu 30. Theo bi ra:
2 3
Cr O
15,2
n = = 0,1 (mol)
152

Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng:
2 3
Cr O Al hhsp
m + m = m
m
Al
= m
hhsp
-
2 3
Cr O
m = 23,3 15,2 = 8,1 (gam) n
Al
= 8,1/27 = 0,3 (mol)
PTHH: Cr
2
O
3
+ 2Al 2Cr + Al
2
O
3

Ban u: 0,1 0,3
Phn ng: 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,1
Cn li: 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,1
Sau phn ng nhit nhm c: 0,1 mol Al (d); 0,2 mol Cr; 0,1 mol Al
2
O
3

2Al + 6HCl 2AlCl
3
+ 3H
2
|
0,1 0,15 (mol)
Cr + 2HCl CrCl
2
+ H
2
|
0,2 0,2 (mol)
Al
2
O
3
+ 6HCl 2AlCl
3
+ 3H
2
O

2
H
n = 0,15 + 0,2 = 0,35 (mol)

2
H
V = 0,35.22,4 = 7,84 (lt)
p n ng l C
Cu 31. Theo bi ra: n
X
=
2
H
4,48
n = = 0,2 (mol)
22,4

Gi x, y ln lt l s mol Fe, Zn trong 12,1 gam hn hp
Theo bi ra, ta c: 56.x + 65.y = 12,1 (1)
PTHH: Fe + H
2
SO
4
(l) FeSO
4
+ H
2

x x
Zn + H
2
SO
4
(l) ZnSO
4
+ H
2

y y
Ta c: x + y = 0,2 (2)
T (1, 2): x = 0,1; y = 0,1
Trong 24,2 gam hn hp c 2x mol Fe; 2y mol Zn (gp i trong 12,1 gam)
PTHH: 2Fe + 6H
2
SO
4
(c, nng) Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 3SO
2
+ 6H
2
O
2x 3x
Zn + 2H
2
SO
4
(c) ZnSO
4
+ SO
2
+ 2H
2
O
2y 2y

2
SO
n = 3.x +2.y = 3.0,1 + 2.0,1 = 0,5 (mol)

2
SO
V = V = 0,5.22,4 = 11,2 (lt)
p n ng l A
Cu 32. Hng s cn bng (K
C
) ca mt phn ng thun nghch xc nh ch ph thuc vo nhit
. p n ng l B
Cu 33. Cc cht in li:
+ Axit: CH
3
COOH
+ Baz: Ca(OH)
2

+ Mui: KAl(SO
4
)
2
.12H
2
O ; CH
3
COONH
4

*Lu : Cc cht hu c nh ancol, saccarit,... khng in li
Vy c 4 cht in li. p n ng l B
Cu 34. Thnh phn chnh ca qung photphorit l Ca
3
(PO
4
)
2
(canxi photphat)
p n ng l A
Cu 35. Nguyn liu sn xut xi mng: vi, t st, thch cao. Ct khng phi l nguyn liu sn
xut xi mng (nguyn liu sn xut thy tinh)
p n ng l B
Cu 36.
- Bc ca ancol l bc ca nguyn t C c nhm OH lin kt trc tip vi n (Bc ca
nguyn t C bng s nguyn t cacbon lin kt trc tip vi n)
- Bc ca amin bng s nguyn t H trong phn t amoniac (NH
3
) b thay th bi gc
hirocacbon
- Xt cc phng n:
A. Amin bc II, ancol bc II (tha mn)
B. Ancol bc II, amin bc III (loi)
C. Ancol bc II, amin bc I (loi)
D. Ancol bc II, amin bc I (loi)
p n ng l A
Cu 37. Trong cng iu kin nhit v p sut, t l th tch kh (hoc hi) cng l t l v s mol.
Do :

2
CO
C
hh
V
2
n = = = 2
V 1

2 2
C (C H ) C (X)
n = n = 2

2
H O (h)
H
hh
2.V
2.2
n = = = 4
V 1
n
H

(X)
> 4 (v
2 2
H (C H )
n = 2 < 4 )
Suy ra X l C
2
H
6
. p n ng l A
*Ch : Trong hn hp phi c
2 2 2 6
C H C H
n = n
C
2
H
2
+ C
2
H
6
+ 6O
2
4CO
2
+ 4H
2
O
Cu 38. p n ng l B
Cu 39.
- Ch xy ra phn ng th nguyn t H ca vng benzen bng nguyn t brom
- Phn ng c nh hng th nguyn t H v tr ortho (o-) hoc v tr para (p-) so vi
nhm etyl (-CH
2
CH
3
) v nhm metyl (-CH
3
)
p n ng l C
Cu 40. C
4
H
10
O Anken + H
2
O
C
4
H
10
O phi l ancol (no, h, n chc)
Ancol C
4
H
10
O 3 anken (ng phn, c ng phn hnh hc)
Ancol no, h, n chc, bc II
Vy X l CH
3
CH(OH)CH
2
CH
3
. p n ng l D
Cu 41. t X l C
n
H
2n+2-2k-a
(CHO)
a

PTHH: C
n
H
2n+2-2k-a
(CHO)
a
+ (k + a)H
2

o
Ni, t
C
n
H
2n+2-a
(CH
2
OH)
a

(Phn ng cng hiro vo cc gc hirocacbon khng no v nhm chc anehit)
- Gi s anehit X d (H
2
ht) th th tch kh thu c sau phn ng l V lt (V
X
)
Nhng theo bi ra li thu c 2V lt H
2
d, anehit X ht. Do :
1V
X
+ 3
2
H
V 1V
Z
+ 1
2
H
V (d)

2
H
V (p/) = 3V 1V = 2V (lt)
T l th tch cng l t l s mol nn:
1 mol anehit X phn ng vi 2 mol H
2
(1)
*
2
H Z (ancol)
n = n , suy ra Z c dng R(OH)
2

R(OH)
2
+ 2Na R(ONa)
2
+ H
2

Suy ra: anehit X hai chc (2)
T (1, 2) X l anehit no, hai chc
p n ng l D
Cu 42. p n ng l B
Cu 43. Trong pin Zn Cu, phn ng xy ra khi pin hot ng l:
Zn + Cu
2+
Cu + Zn
2+

Phn ng kh Cu
2+
: Cu
2+
+ 2e Cu
Phn ng oxi ha: Zn Zn
2+
+ 2e
p n ng l D
Cu 44. Theo bi ra:
2
Ca(OH)
n = 0,5.0,2 = 0,1 (mol) ;
3
CaCO
2,5
n = = 0,025 (mol)
100

V
3
CaCO
n <
2
Ca(OH)
n nn c 2 kh nng xy ra:
- Lng CO
2
ch to ra 0,025 mol CaCO
3
:
CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
(d) CaCO
3
+ H
2
O
0,025 0,025 mol

2
CO
V = 0,025 . 22,4 = 0,56 (lt)
- Lng CO
2
to ra lng CaCO
3
kt ta ti a, sau kt ta b ha tan bt cn li 0,025
mol CaCO
3
kt ta:
CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
(d) CaCO
3
+ + H
2
O
0,2 (mol) 0,2 (mol) 0,2 (mol)
CaCO
3
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O Ca(HCO
3
)
2
(tan)
(0,2 0,025) 0,175 (mol)

2
CO
n = 0,2 + 0,175 = 0,375 (mol)

2
CO
V = 0,375.22,4 = 8,4 (lt)
p n ng l D
Cu 45. Xt cc phng n:
A, loi, v Ag + H
2
SO
4
(long)
B, loi, v Cu + H
2
SO
4
(long)
C, loi, v Ag + Fe(NO
3
)
3

D, tha mn: Fe + H
2
SO
4
(l) FeSO
4
+ H
2
|
Cu + 2Fe(NO
3
)
3
2Fe(NO
3
)
2
+ Cu(NO
3
)
2

p n ng l D
Cu 46. C th dng thuc th l kim loi Na:
- Cho Na t t vo dung dch mu th:
2Na + 2H
2
O 2NaOH + H
2
|
+ Mu ch to ra kt ta mu trng MgSO
4
:
MgSO
4
+ 2NaOH Mg(OH)
2
+ + Na
2
SO
4

Trng
+ Mu to ra kt ta trng, sau b tan ZnCl
2
:
ZnCl
2
+ 2NaOH Zn(OH)
2
+ + 2NaCl
Zn(OH)
2
+ 2NaOH Na
2
[Zn(OH)
4
]
+ Cc mu cn li ch c kh bay ln
- Cho MgSO
4
vo cc mu cn li:
+ Mu to ra kt ta trng BaCl
2

BaCl
2
+ MgSO
4
BaSO
4
+ + MgCl
2

+ Mu khi un nng to ra kt ta trng v c kh bay ra KHCO
3

2KHCO
3
+ MgSO
4

o
t
MgCO
3
+ + CO
2
| + K
2
SO
4
+ H
2
O
+ Cc mu cn li khng c hin tng g
- Cho BaCl
2
vo 2 mu cn li:
+ Mu to ra kt ta trng Na
2
SO
4
:
Na
2
SO
4
+ BaCl
2
BaSO
4
+ + 2NaCl
+ Mu cn li l KNO
3
: KNO
3
+ BaCl
2
+
p n ng l C
Cu 47. PTHH: 2NaCl + 2H
2
O 2NaOH + Cl
2
| + H
2
|
58,5 tn 40 tn
a (tn) 15 tn

15.58,5
a = = 21,938
40
(tn)
V H = 80% nn: m
NaCl
=
21,938.100
= 27,422
80
(tn)
p n ng l D
Cu 48. S cc phn ng:
B (rn)
Fe + AgNO
3
, Cu(NO
3
)
2

dd C
+NaOH
2 hiroxit +
o
t , KK
cc oxit
*Nhn xt: Khi cho nc lc C tc dng vi NaOH d thu c kt ta ca 2 hiroxit kim loi,
nung kt ta trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c hn hp cc oxit kim loi (2 oxit
kim loi khc nhau) 2 oxit l Fe
2
O
3
v CuO 2 hiroxit l Fe(OH)
2
, Cu(OH)
2
trong
dung dch C c Fe(NO
3
)
2
, Cu(NO
3
)
2
d AgNO
3
phn ng ht; Cu(NO
3
)
2
c th phn ng mt
phn. Gi x, y, z ln lt l s mol AgNO
3
, Cu(NO
3
)
2
phn ng vi Fe, Cu(NO
3
)
2
cn d sau
phn ng vi st
Fe + 2AgNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
2
+ 2Ag+

x
2
x (mol)
x
2
x (mol)
Fe + Cu(NO
3
)
2
Fe(NO
3
)
2
+ Cu+
y y (mol) y y (mol)
C gm:
x
+ y
2
| |
|
\ .
mol Fe(NO
3
)
2
; z mol Cu(NO
3
)
2
d
Fe(NO
3
)
2
+ 2NaOH Fe(OH)
2
+ + 2NaNO
3


x
+ y
2
| |
|
\ .

x
+ y
2
| |
|
\ .
(mol)
Cu(NO
3
)
2
+ 2NaOH Cu(OH)
2
+ + 2NaNO
3

z z (mol)
Ta c: 90.
x
+ y
2
| |
|
\ .
+ 98z = 36,8 (1)
4Fe(OH)
2
+ O
2

o
t
2Fe
2
O
3
+ 4H
2
O

x
+ y
2
| |
|
\ .

x y
+
4 2
| |
|
\ .
(mol)
Cu(OH)
2

o
t
CuO + H
2
O
z z (mol)
Ta c: 160.
x y
+
4 2
| |
|
\ .
+ 80z = 32
x
+ y + z = 0,4
2
(2)
T (1) v (2), ta c:
z = 0,1
x
+ y = 0,3
2

Vy m = 56
x
+ y
2
| |
|
\ .
= 56.0,3 = 16,8 (gam)
p n ng l B
Cu 49. Theo bi ra: n
Fe
=
4,48
= 0,08 (mol)
56


3
AgNO
n = 0,2.0,2 = 0,04 (mol)

3 2
Cu(NO )
n = 0,2.1 = 0,2 (mol)
Cc PTHH xy ra theo th t sau:
Fe + 2AgNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
2
+ 2Ag+
0,02 0,04 0,02 0,04 (mol)
Fe + Cu(NO
3
)
2
Fe(NO
3
)
2
+ Cu+
(0,08 0,02) 0,06 0,06 0,06 (mol)

3 2
Cu(NO )
n (p/) = 0,06 < 0,2 mol Cu(NO
3
)
2
d
Vy cht rn A gm 0,04 mol Ag v 0,06 mol Cu
m
A
= 0,04.108 + 0,06.64 = 8,16 (gam)
p n ng l A
Cu 50. Xt cc PTHH xy ra gia cc cht trong cc cp:
- Dung dch FeCl
2
/AgNO
3
:
FeCl
2
+ 2AgNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
2
+ 2AgCl +
Fe(NO
3
)
2
+ AgNO
3
(d) Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ Ag+
- Fe/ dung dch Cu(NO
3
)
2
:
Fe + Cu(NO
3
)
2
Fe(NO
3
)
2
+ Cu+
- Fe/ dung dch AgNO
3
(d)
Fe + 2AgNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
2
+ 2Ag+
Fe(NO
3
)
2
+ AgNO
3
(d) Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ Ag+
- Fe (d)/ dung dch HNO
3
c, nng:
Fe + 6HNO
3
(c)
o
t
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ 3NO
2
+ 3H
2
O
2Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ Fe (d) 3Fe(NO
3
)
2

- Fe(OH)
2
/ dung dch HNO
3
long:
3Fe(OH)
2
+ 10HNO
3
long 3Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ NO + 8H
2
O
Vy c 2 cp cht (Fe(d)/dung dch Cu(NO
3
)
2
; Fe(d)/dung dch HNO
3
) c th iu ch c
Fe(NO
3
)
2

p n ng l B
Cu 51. Chn A
T capron v nilon 6-6 l poliamit
Cu 22. Chn D
Cu 53. Chn C
0,07 mol Mg tng ng 0,07 mol Mg(NO
3
)
2
tng ng 10,36 gam < 11,16 gam mui. Vy phi to thnh
NH
4
NO
3
. S mol NH
4
NO
3
=
11,16 - 10,36
= 0,01 mol
80
. To NH
4
NO
3
th N
+5
nhn 0,08 mol e. Thu c x
mol N
2
O th N
+5
nhn 8x mol e. Mt khc 0,07 mol Mg cho 0,14 mol e. Ta c 8x + 0,08 = 0,14; x = 0,0075
tng ng 0,168 lt N
2
O
Cu 54. Chn C
Cu 55. Chn D
Khi p tng % s mol B gim cn bng chuyn dch v pha thun. Chiu thun l chiu lm gim p sut kh.
Vy p + q < a + b
Cu 56. Chn D
b > a > c
Cu 57. Chn B
C 8 phn ng trong c 2 phn ng khng phi oxy ha kh l SO
3
H
2
SO
4
v H
2
S Na
2
S
Cu 58. Chn B
Cu 59. Chn D
(CHO)
n
hay C
n
H
n
O
n
l axit C
n/2
H
n/2
(COOH)
n/2
. Axit mch thng ch c th n chc hoc 2 chc. n chc
n = 2 khng ph hp. Vy 2 chc n = 4 ta c C
2
H
2
(COOH)
2
hay C
4
H
4
O
4
. S mol axit = 0,58 : 116 = 0,005
mol phn ng thu c 0,005 mol mui C
4
H
2
O
4
Na
2
0,8 gam
Cu 60. Chn B
Lisin c 2 nhm NH
2
, 1 nhm COOH; axit glutamic c 2 nhm COOH, 1 nhm NH
2
. t x mol Lisin v y
mol axit glutamic. Phn ng ht (2x+y) mol HCl v (x+2y) mol NaOH. S mol HCl = s mol NaOH. Vy
2x + y = x + 2y; x = y. Mi cht c 50% s mol