Bi ging

MS-ACCESS 2003
BI 02:(4Tit) TO CSDL, TABLE, &RELATIONSHIP

BI 01:(2Tit) PTTK CSDL& MS-ACCESS

BI 03:(2Tit) KHI QUT QUERY

BI 05: (6Tit) QUERY CAO CP BI 07:(6Tit) FORM THIT K DESIGN VIEW

BI 04:(4Tit) SELECT QUERY

BI 06:(2 Tit) FORM THIT K VI WIZARD BI 08:(6Tit) MAIN FORM SUBFORM

BI 09&10: (6Tit) REPORT

n Tp (2Tit)

BI 11: (4Tit) MACRO&MODUL

KIM TRA (2Tit)

BI 01

PTTK C S D LIU& KHI QUT MS-ACCESS

Phn I: PT & TK C s d liu I. KHI NIM V C S D LIU. II. THC TH & QUAN H. Phn II : Khi qut Ms-Access I. GII THIU MS-ACCESS III. TO,M V NG TP TIN CSDL. II. CC THNH PHN CSDL TRONG MS-ACCESS

Phn I:

PTTK H Thng CSDL

I. KHI NIM V C S D LIU

CSDL la mot he thong e quan ly cac thong tin co cac ac iem sau:
La mot tap hp (co the la rat ln) cac d lieu co cau

truc c lu tren cac thiet b tr tin (nh a t, bang t , a quang) thong tin: tm kiem, sa oi, bo sung, xoa. Thong tin phai bao am tnh nhat quan. vi nhng muc ch khac nhau.

c cac chng trnh ng dung cu the nao o khai thac

Co the thoa man ong thi cho nhieu ngi s dung

V D:

Cong ty co tap tin lu tr danh sach nhan vien tren may tnh, cung luc ban giam oc can xem xet cac nhan vien e khen thng phong tai vu lai can lap bang lng thang cho cac nhan vien. Nh vay danh sach nhan vien c ca ban giam oc va phong tai vu khai thac cung mot luc, d nhien thong tin ve nhan vien phai nhat quan ngha la du au - ban giam oc hay phong tai vu - thong tin ay la phai nh nhau.

Minh ha P To chc

Ke toan

P Ke hoach

P Kinh doanh

CSDL

BP Kho

P Cung ung Ex:S o minh hoa CSDL dung chung

BGD

II. THC TH & QUAN H: 1. Cac Khai Niem:

Thc the la mot s vat cu the hay tru tng trong khach quan.

the gii

V du: Trong mot trng hoc co cac thc the: giao vien, sinh, mon hoc Trong mot th vien co cac thc the: sach, loai nha xuat ban Trong mot cong ty buon ban cho phep tra cham cac thc the: mat hang (cu the),cong n (tru

hoc sach, co tng).

Cac thc the nay co cac tnh chat rieng cua no goi la thuoc tnh.

V du: Moi hoc sinh co mot ho ten, vay ho ten la thuoc tnh
Moi thc the co mot thuoc tnh dung e phan biet gia cac oi tng cua thc the o goi la thuoc tnh khoa hay goi tat la khoa.

V du: Moi Sinh vien co mot ma so duy nhat e phan biet vi Sinh vien khac
Gia cac thc the co the co moi lien he vi nhau goi la quan he (relation)

2. Cac Quan He:

Quan he motmot (one to one): k hieu (1,1), la quan he hnh thanh

khi mot oi tng cua thc the nay co quan he duy nhat vi mot oi tng cua thc the kia.

V du: Mot nhan vien ch thuoc ve mot phong ban duy nhat Quan he motnhieu (one to many): ky hieu (1,n), la quan he hnh
thanh khi mot oi tng cua thc the nay co quan he vi nhieu oi tng cua thc the kia.

V du: Mot Lp co nhieu sinh vien theo hoc hoac Mot sinh vien hoc nhieu mon hoc khac nhau.

Ngoai ra, trong thc te, mot oi tng cua thc the nay lai co quan he vi nhieu oi tng cua thc the kia va ngc lai. Quan he nay c goi la quan he nhieu-nhieu (many to many), k hieu la (n, n).

V du:

Trong mot th vien, ta xet quan he gia thc the sach va thc the oc gia: Mot cuon sach co the c nhieu oc gia mn va ong thi mot oc gia co the mn nhieu cuon sach.(luc nay, trong Access, ta phai bieu dien quan he nhieunhieu noi tren bang hai quan he mot-nhieu).

3. Mo Hnh CSDL Quan He: Theo mo hnh nay th cac d lieu, thong tin ve mot thc the can quan tr se c lu vao may tnh di dang cac bang (Table).

Gia cac bang co the co quan he vi nhau va moi quan he nay cung c bieu dien di dang bang

V du: Xet hoat ong cua mot th vien. D lieu can quan l cua th vien gom co: * Sach ta goi Sach la mot thc the. * oc gia ta goi oc gia la mot thc the.

Bieu dien cac thc the di dang bang nh sau: Sach:

MaSach
CT003

TenSach
Lenin toan tap

TacGia
V. I. Lenin

NamXB
1980

NhaXB
S that

SoLuong
12

oc Gia
MaDG
DG0001

TenDG
Tran Van A 11 Le Lai Q1

DiaChi

Gia thc the Sach va thc the ocgia co quan he mn tra, bieu dien nh sau:

Mn
MaDG
DG0001

MaSach
CT003

NgayMuon
1/5/2005

NgayTra
20/5/2005

Phn II:

Khi Qut V MS - Access

I. GII THIU V ACCESS: Ms-Acces 2003 l phn mm thuc h qun tr CSDL. Gip qun l, bo tr v khai thc s liu trn my tnh Mn hnh ca Acces khi khi ng:
Blank DataBase: To CSDL mi,trng General Templates : neu muon tao ra 1 tap tin CSDL theo mau cac tap tin CSDL co san trong Access Open a file: M CSDL c.

II. TO,M V NG MT TP TIN CSDL: 1. Tao mot tap tin CSDL mi : e tao mot tap tin CSDL mi, Ban nhap nut tren Database Toolbar (hoac s dung lenh File\New Database) (phm go tat la Ctrl+N). Xuat hien hop thoai File New Database:

Trong khung Save in: chon o a, folder se lu tap tin. Trong khung File name: ghi ten tap tin CSDL. Nhap chon nut lenh Create.

2. M Mt Tp Tin CSDL a Co : e m mot tap tin CSDL a co tren a, nhap nut tren Database Toolbar (hoac s dung lenh File \Open Database phm go tat la Ctrl+O). Xuat hien hop oi thoai Open: Trong khung Look in: chon o a, folder cha tap tin muon m. Trong khung ben di : chon tap tin CSDL muon m. Nhap chon nut lenh Open.

3. ong Tp Tin CSDL : Sau khi a m va lam viec vi tap tin CSDL Access, neu muon ong tap tin nay, ta thc hien nh sau: ong va lu tat ca cac oi tng ang m (v du nh bang, van tin, bieu mau, bao cao). Tren man hnh ch con ca so CSDL ang lam viec, dung lnh File\Close. Lu y: Neu khong ong tap tin CSDL ung cach, co the se lam hong tap tin CSDL

III. CC THNH PHN CSDL TRONG MS-ACCESS

Table: Ghi lu d liu c s c t chc thnh nhiu dng mi dng nhiu ct.Lu tr thng tin ca mt thc th hay mt quan h.

Query: Cng c truy vn thc hin cc thao tc rt trch, cp nht DL trn cc Table
Form: Mu biu Dng thit k mn hnh nhp liu sinh ng hn. Report: Bo biu l kt qu u ra ca qu trnh khai thc d liu.

Macro : Tp hp cc lnh nhm t ng ha cc thao tc. C th xem nh mt cng c lp trnh n gin

Module : L nhng hm ring ca User c lp trnh bng ngn ng Access Basic.

IV. CC TON T TRONG NGN NG ACCESS Ton t () Not And Or Xor Epv ^ +-*/ \ Mod ngha Kt nhm biu thc ng th sai, Sai th ng Tt c ng th ng, ngc lI th sai Ch 1 K ng th ng, tt c sai th sai 2 K cho kt qu tri ngc nhau th ng 2 K cho kt qu tri ngc nhau th sai Lu tha (5^3=75) Cng, Tr, Nhn, Chia Php chia ly phn nguyn Php chia ly phn d

Ton t

ngha

Nh hn, Ln hn, bng Nh hn hay bng, Ln hn hay bng <> Khng bng Is Chnh l: so snh 2 i tng In trong, dng trong cc cu truy vn Between . . .And . . . Trong khong t: #Ngay# n #ngay# Like Ging: *(t hp k t bt k), ?(1 k t bt k), #(Mt k s bt k) & Ghp chui + Ghp chuI hoc cng s <, >, = <=, >=

Ton t True
False Null Date Now Time Timer Page Pages

ngha Tr ng
Tr sai Tr rng Ngy hin hnh Gi hin hnh S giy hin hnh S trang Tng s trang

Ton t . . .
[. . .] #. . .# [White] [Blue] [Green] [Red]

ngha Du ro chui
Du ro bin Du ro tr ngy Mu trng en Xanh Xanh l

Ngy gi hin hnh [Black]

[Yellow] Vng

V. MI TRNG LM VIC CA MS-ACCESS Dng Control Panel thit lp cc nh dng v ngy thng v kiu DL s

Menu Tools/ Option trong Access thit lp mi trng cho Access View: Hin th tnh trng General : nh l trang, th mc l vic mc nh Edit/Find: cch th tm, xa, thay i mu tin Keyboard: X l di chuyn du nhy DataSheet : nh dng cho DataSheet (Font, mu . .) Form/Report: S dng, khung dng Advanced: Thit lp lin quan nhiu ngI dng Table/Query: Thit lp lin quan table, Query

BI 2

TO CSDL,TABLE & RELATIONSHIP

I. MT S KHI NIM
II. TO C S D LIU

III. LM VIC VI TABLE

IV. THIT LP MI QUAN H(RELATIONSHIP)

I. MT S KHI NIM
Cc mc kha
Mc kha dng lm g ? Kha c thit lp trn 1 hay nhiu Field dng nhn din cc mu tin ca mt Table v thit lp mI quan h gia cc Table. C 2 loI kho chnh & Kha ngoi Kha chnh

Thit lp nhn din duy nht cc mu tin ca 1 Table. tr ca kha chnh khng c trng nhau, khng cha tr Null
Kho ngoI

Dng tham chiu n 1 hay nhiu Field l kha chnh ca Table. Kiu d liu kha ngoI v kha chnh phI ph hp nhau

Minh Ha Kha
Kha chnh Kha chnh

Kha ngoi

II. TO C S D LIU
1. Dng Database Wizard 2. To CSDL Trng
Nu mI khi ng Access : Chn mc Blank Database/OK

Chn th mc v t tn

III. LM VIC VI TABLE

01. Vai tr ca Table 02. Cc thng s ca Table

03. Thit k cu trc Table

04. Cc thuc tnh quan trng

01. VAI TR CA TABLE

Tm quan trng ca Table Table l thnh phn c bn v quan trng nht ca CSDL trong MS-Access. Dng ghi nhn cc d liu c s, cc nghip v pht sinh, cc bin ng v cc thng tin mun qun l. Cu trc ca Table D liu c t chc cha trn nhiu dng gi l cc mu tin (Record)

Trn mI dng cha nhiu ct dng l trng (Field hay Column)

Minh Ha cu trc Table

02. Cc thng s ca Table

Tng s k t ca tn Table Tng s k t ca tn Field Tng s Fields trong Table Tng s Tables c th m cng lc Kch thc ti a ca mt Table Tng s k t trong Field kiu Text Tng s k t trong Field kiu Memo Tng s k t trong thng bo Validation Text Tng s k t trong quy lut kim chnh .v.v. 64 64 255 1.024 1 GB 255 65.535 255 2.048

03. Thit k cu trc Table

To Table
T ca s DataBase chn mc Table v mc Create table Design View. Mn hnh Design View table Hin ra.

Hiu Chnh Table

Chn Table cn hiu chnh. chn chc nng DesignView

Xa Table
Chn Table cn xa. nhn Delete, chn Yes

Lu Table
Thit k xong File/Save lu v thot nu cha lu Acess s thng bo yu cu lu

Kiu d liu
Text Memo Number Date/ time Currency Auto Number OLE Object Lookup Wizard K t ,ti a 255 K t ti a 65.535 Cha tr s Tr ngy, gi Tr tin t Tr s t gn lin tc I tng hnh nh Chn mt tr trong DS c sn

04. Cc thuc tnh quan trng

Field Size Format di Text(255), Kiu DL con Number, AutoNumber nh dng cho DL nhp chui KT dng hoc chn kiu hin th cho kiu: Date/Time, Num, Curr, Yes/No

Input Mask
New Values Decimal Place Caption Default Value Validation Rule Validation Text

Quy nh mt n khi nhp d liu

Chn cch to s AutoNumber (Increment, Random) Quy nh s phn s thp phn Cha mt tn gi khc cho Field Gi tr mt nh nu khng nhp Quy tc kim tra DL nhp Chui thng bo li ca Validation Rule

Required
Allow Zero Length Indexed Display Control

Bt but phi nhp liu cho Field

Cho php chui c di bng Zero (Yes/No) Cch to ch mc (No, Yes Duplicates, No Duplicates) Dng hin th Check box, Text box, Combo box

a. Thuc tnh Fileds Size

Kiu DL Text : Di ti a 255 (Mc nh 50) Kiu DL l AutoNumber : Long Interger hay ReplicationID

Kiu DL l Number :
Xc lp Byte Interger Long Interger 0 255 -32,768 32,768 -2,147,483,648 2,147,483,648 Vng lu tr K.Thc 1Byte 2 4

Single
Double ReplicationID

-3.402823.1038 3.402823.1038
-1.79769313486231.10308 1.79769313486231.10308 Lu tr nh danh duy nht cp ton cc

4
8 16

b. Thuc tnh Format

K t nh dng dng chung
K hiu M t

(Space)
ABC ! * \ [Color] K hiu @ & <

Hin th khong trng nh k t

Hin th nhng g trong ngoc kp nh k t Canh tri thay v canh phi in khong trng kh dng i vi k t k tip Hin th k t k tip nh k t bnh thng Ch nh mu (Black, Blue, Green, . . .) M t Bt but l khong trng hay 1 k t Khng Bt but l khong trng hay 1 k t i tt c thnh ch thng

K t nh dng dng ring cho Text hoc Memo

>

i tt c thnh ch hoa

K t nh dng dng ring cho Number

K hiu . , # M t Du phn cch phn thp phn Du phn cch hng ngn K s gi v tr (Hin th k s hay khng hin th g c)

$ Hin th k hiu $ % Gi tr /100 v c k hiu % ni vo E+ Hay E- K hiu khoa hc nh : 0.00E-00 hay 0.00E00

c. Thuc tnh InputMask

K hiu 0 9

K hiu dng trongInputMask

M t

(0 9) b t but , khng dng + (0 9) , khong trng khng bt but, khng dng + -

#
L ?

(0 9), khong trng cho dng +(A Z) bt but (A Z) Khng bt but

A
& C < > !

Mu k t hay k s (Mc bt but)

K t bt k hay khong trng bt but K t bt k hay khong trng khng bt but Chuyn tt c thnh k t thng Chuyn tt c thnh k t in Canh tri, c th km k t hay bt k InputMask no

. , : ; - / Du phn cch thp phn, hng ngn, ngy gi

K t theo sau hin th nh mt k t bnh thng

IV. THIT LP MI QUAN H(RELATIONSHIP)

Khi nim :Access l h qun tr CSDL nn c th s dng d kin ly t nhiu Table khc nhau nu cc Table ny c mI quan h vi nhau, mun vy phi khai bo cc mi quan h gia cc Table lin quan. Quy nh: Nhng Field i chiu trong cc Table c quan h thng c tn ging nhau, c cng kiu d liu. mun nh ngha QH phi ng cc Table ang m, v m ca s Relationship Thc hin : nh ngha hoc hiu chnh mi quan h phi m ca s Relation Ship t biu tng Relation ship hay Menu Tool/RelationShip
Minh ha

T ca s Show Table : Chn cc Table hay query cn thit lp quan h: Add ln lt vo (C th thit lp mi quan h i hay mi QH vi chnh n) Enforce referential integrity: Thit lp tnh tham chiu ton vn gi 2 Table Casade Update related records: Xa mu tin trong Table chnh Xa mu tin trong Table quan h Casade Delate related records: cp nht cc mu tin trong Table chnh cp nht cc mu tin trong Table quan h