The Development of a Technical Model Simulation Tool for Mini-Grid

for Rural Electrification from Hybrid System (at Kochik)

()
.. 2548
ISBN 974-9838-96-3


.

.

2548

(1)

(1)
(3)
(4)
1
3
3
16
17
19
31
33
35
35
35
56
56
60
64
68
71
71
73
73
76
78
80

(2)

()

81
3
4.3 07.00-17.00 .
1-8 2548
87

Matlab Simulink
99

(3)

1
()
2
Non-linear least square
curve fitting
3
3
1-8 2548

1 1-8 2548
2 3 4.3
07.00-17.00 . 1-8 2548

31
44
46

83
88
93

(4)

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21

-(Imax, Vmax ) (Pmax)

-(I-V curve)
(%) ()
Sunny Boy 3000
() ()

Kinetic Battery model

() (-)
() 1
1

() 1

() 1
(, Pdc )

3
4
5
6
7
7
9
15
17
18
22
23
29
33
36
37
38
38
40
40
42

(5)

()

22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32

33

34

Suncycle AS770
43

Suncycle AS770
44

45

52

53
54

Matlab Simulink
55
( ) ( )

57
(Simulated Data)
(Measured Data) 2
57
Sunny Boy
Sunny Island
58
(Simulated Data)
(Measured Data) Sunny Boy
Sunny Island
59
( Simulated Data)
(Measured Data)
( Charge/Discharge Current Input : A)
60

(Simulated Data)
(Measured Data) 2
61

(6)

()

35

36
37

38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45

(Simulated Data)
(Measured Data) 2
3

SOC min 60% SOC max 70% Load on 4 kW Load off 3.5 kW
I ch arg e 7 A

SOC min 60% SOC max 70% Load on 4 kW Load off 3.5 kW I ch arg e 10 A

SOC min 40% SOC max 90% Load on 4.3 kW Load off 3.8 kW I ch arg e 10 A

SOC min 40% SOC max 80% Load on 4.3 kW Load off 4 kW I ch arg e 10 A

SOC min 40% SOC max 80% Load on 4.3 kW Load off 4 kW I ch arg e 15 A

SOC min 40% SOC max 80% Load on 4.3 kW Load off 4 kW I ch arg e 10 A

SOC min 60% SOC max 70% Load on 4 kW Load off 3.5 kW I ch arg e 10 A
4.3
4.2

1
Matlab Simulink 1
2
Matlab Simulink 2

62
62

63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
74

99
100

(7)

()

3
Ratio
4
Subsystem
5
Subsystem 1
6
Subsystem 2
7
Subsystem 3
8
Subsystem 4
9
Subsystem 5
10 Subsystem 6
11 Subsystem 7
12 3
13 Sunny Boy 3
14 Sunny Island 3
15 Sunny Island 3 Charge-Discharge
16
17 Find SOC
18 Find voltage
19 Find SOC q_max(I)
20 Find SOC q
21 Find SOC Find X
22 Find SOC Find E
23
24 3
25 1
26 go to DG
27

101
101
101
102
102
102
103
103
103
104
104
105
105
106
106
107
107
108
108
109
109
110
110
111
111

The Development of a Technical Model Simulation Tool for Mini-Grid
for Rural Electrification from Hybrid System (at Kochik)

100 7.5
264 - (180 ) 65
3 380/220

Matlab Simulink

1.

(Silicon) (Gallium Arsenide) (Cadmium
Telluride) (Boyle, 1998)
(Photovoltaic effect)

- (I-V Curve) 1
60

Pmax

40

Isc3
Impp

20

10

15

Vmpp

1 -
: (2545)

Voc

1000 (Air-mass) 1.5

25

0.5 (Green, 1998)

1.1

1.2

1000 W/m^2
0.8
500 W/m^2

0.4

100 W/m^2
20
10
15

2
: (2545)
0

5
1.2


3

1.2

Pmax
0 C
25 C
50 C
75 C

0.8
0.4

10

15

20

3
: (2545)

0.07 %
(IEA , 2002) 1
0.4 % 1


1.3
0.5


4

1.2
36

0.8

33
30

0.4

20
10
15

4
: (2545)
0

1.4


5
25 %
(Boyle, 1998)

7
1.2

100 cm^2
0.8

78 cm^2

0.4

10
15

5
: (2545)
5

1.5

6

1.2

0.8
0.4

10

6
: (2545)

15

1.6 (Open Circuit Voltage, Voc)

1.7 (Short Circuit Current, Isc)

1.8 (Maximum Power, Pmax )


0.7 (Green,
1998)
1.9 (Fill Factor)

9
0.6 - 0.8 (Green, 1998)

1.10 ( )

2.





7

Rs

I
IL

Io
Rsh

Rload

10
(Hybrid2, 1996)


1
V + IR s (V + IR )
s
I = I L I o e A 1
R

sh

IL

I0
V

Rs
R sh

(1)

()
()
()
()
()
Curve Fitting Parameter

1
2
V + IR s
I = I L I o e A 1

(2)

0.07% 1
0.4 % (Green, 1998)
Rs IL, Io A

T
A = A ref c
Tc ,ref

(3)

11

Tc
Tc,ref
A ref

()
25

IL =

GT

G T ,ref
I L ,ref
I ,sc

GT
[I L,ref + I,sc (Tc Tc,ref )]
G T ,ref

(/)
1000 /

()

T
I o = I o ,ref c
Tc,ref

I 0,ref

Ns

(4)

N
exp s

A ref

Tc,ref
1
Tc

(5)

()
Material band gap energy 1.12 eV

(Light Current ) (I L,ref )

(I sc,ref )
I L ,ref = I sc ,ref

(6)

12
(Diode Reverse Saturation Current )
(I 0,ref ) 2

(Voc,ref )
I o ,ref = I l,ref e

(7)

Voc , ref / A ref

(Series Resistance, R s )
(I-V Curve)
2

R s = R s ,ref

R s ,ref
I mp,ref
Vmp,ref
Voc,ref

A ref ln1 mp,ref Vmp,ref + Voc ,ref

I L ,ref

=
I mp,ref

(8)

Curve Fitting Parameter (A ref )

2 T1 T2

( I,sc )

I ,sc =

dI sc I sc (T2 ) I sc (T1 )
=
dT
T2 T1

(9)

13
( V ,oc )

V ,oc =

dVoc Voc (T2 ) Voc (T1 )

=
dT
T2 T1

(10)

5 Curve Fitting Parameter
11
A ref =

Tc ,ref V ,oc Voc ,ref + N s

I ,sc Tc ,ref
3
I L ,ref

(11)

9 10

Tc
1
12
()G T

C
UL

Ta

= C G T + U L (TC Ta )

(12)

14

UL

(Nominal

Operating Cell Temperature Condition Test: NOCT) 800

1 20

( ) = (TC, NOCT Ta ,NOCT )

UL

G T , NOCT

(13)

TC, NOCT

G T , NOCT
Ta , NOCT

UL

13 0.9 14
TC = Ta +

G T ( )

U L 1 C

(14)

1

(Maximum
Power Point Tracking: MPPT) 8
(Pmax)
(Imax)
(Vmax) 8

15

8 -(Imax, Vmax ) (Pmax)

-(I-V curve)

N M 15
(, 2545)
Psystem = NMPmax,mod ule

Pmax,mod ule

1

= n mm n bm n bw n fw K d

n mm

n bm
n bw
n fw
Kd

(15)

(16)

16

(Inverter) 2 (Bi-directional)

2
2
2

() 230
(Pin ) (Pout ) ()
17 (Hanson, 2000)
=

Pout Vac I ac cos

=
Pin
Vdc I dc

(17)

: ()
Pin : ()
Vac : ()
I ac : ()
cos : 0 -1
Pout

( )
9

17

17

 (%)

17
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

(W)

9 (%) () Sunny
Boy 3000
: (2547)

(Hybrid2, 1998)

18

10

10 () ()
: Hybrid 2 (1996)



18
F = a + b*P

: ()
P : ()
a , b : Curve Fitting
F

(18)

19

1.






-(Lead Acid Battery)

2.1
2 1.8-2
2.3-2.8 (Linden, 1995)

1.1 (Nominal Capacity :q)

(Ampere Hour : Ah)

(cutoff voltage)
80 Ah
8 10 4 20

20



30 Ah C/10 C10
3 10 C/10 C10
C/5
6 5
1.2 (State of charge : SOC)

100%
50% 0%
(Cutoff Voltage)
1.3 (Cycle Life)



80%
1.4 (Depth of Discharge : DOD)

( )
DOD
(Deep Cycle) DOD 80%
1.5 (Self Discharge)
1

21


1.6 (Charging Efficiency)

100 %

1.7 (Overcharge Voltage)









Kinetic Battery Model (Manwell and McGowan, 1993)
(Chemical Kinetics)
2
(State of Charge)

11 (Voltage source : E)
( R o ) (Terminal Voltage : V) (Rload)

22
I

Ro

I
E

Rload

11
19
V = E IR o

(19)

V
E
I
Ro

2. Kinetic Battery Model

Kinetic Battery Model





2
(Capacity Model) (Voltage model)

23
2.1 (Capacity Model)
(Chemical
kinetics)
2.1.1 1 (Available Capacity) c
(q1 )
2.1.2 2 (Chemically bound Capacity) 1-c
(q 2 )
1 2
(q )
(q1 ) (q 2 ) 1 2 k 1
c
12

1-c

c
Tank 2 : q1

hmax=qmax Tank 1: q2
k'

Current Regulator
RO

12 Kinetic Battery model

q max
h max 20

24
q max = q 1,max + q 2,max = ch max + (1 c )h max = h max

(20)

20

21
22

h1
h2

h1 =

q1
c

(21)

h2 =

q2
1 c

(22)

1
2

(Manwell and McGowan,1993)

2 23 24

q 2
I
k 1
q1

dq1
dq
= I 2
dt
dt

(23)

dq 2
= k 1 (h 1 h 2 )
dt

(24)

(Ah)
(Ah)
(A)

25

k1

k=

k1
c(1 c)

23 24

25, 26
dq 1
= I k (1 c)q 1 + kcq 2
dt

(25)

dq 2
= k (1 c)q 1 kcq 2
dt

(26)

25 26
q 1 = q 1,o e kt +

q 2 = q 2 ,o e

kt

(q o kc I )(1 e kt )
k

+ q o (1 c )(1 e

kt

Ic(kt 1 + e kt )
k

(27)

I(1 c )(kt 1 + e kt )
)
k

(28)

q o = q 1,o + q 2,o

(29)

q 2,o
q 1,o

(Capacity Model)
k, c, q max R o
k, c, q max
Non-linear Curve Fitting (Manwell and McGowan,1996)
k, c, q max , R o
R o (V ) (I)

Extrapolating

26
Ro =

dV
dI

(30)

k, c, q max

Ft 1 , t 2 =

Ft 1 , t 2
t1 , t 2

(
(

t 1 1 e kt 2 + c kt 2 1 + e kt 2
t 2 1 e kt1 + c kt 1 1 + e kt1

)
)

(31)

t 1 t 2

Ft 1 , t 2 k, c
3 k, c

k, c

q max 31
32 q max I T =t 2
q max =

I T = t 2 1 e kt 2 + c kt 2 1 + e kt 2
kc

))

(32)

2.2 (Voltage Model)

5 (E )
(R o ) (V )
Kinetic
Battery Model E
( SOC) 33 34
V = E IR o

(33)

27
E = E o + AX +

CX
DX

(34)

()
E ()
R o ()
E o ()
I ()
A, C, D Non-linear Curve Fitting
X
V

A
A

C
C

D
D
Curve fitting
X
Xcharge 35 (Manwell, 2004)
X ch arg e =

q max (I )

Xdischarge 36

(35)

28
X disch arg e =

(36)

q mzx (I ) (I )
37
q max

q max (I ) =

(q max q )
q max (I )

1 e

kt

q max kcT
+ c kT 1 + e kT

(37)

q max
k
c
T
q
I

T q 38 39
T=

q max (I )
I

q = q1 + q 2

q 2

q1

(38)
(39)

29
E o , A, C, D
Non-linear Least Square Curve Fitting
- 13

13 () (-)
2.3 ( State of charge model)
(SOC)

40 41
q q out
SOC = max
q max

q
100% = 1 out

q max

100%

q out = I bat dt = q max q

I bat
q out
q max
q

(40)
(41)

30
2.4 (Battery Losses Model)
(Power Loss)

42
Ploss = I(V(Q, I ) Vnom )

(42)

I

V(Q, I )

Vnom

Ploss

31

1
1 ()

()

( )

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

36
46 0.05 0.09 0.14 0.18 0.23
18
28 0.03 0.06 0.08 0.11 0.14

20
25 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.01 0.13
15
20 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1

18,000
2020 1.41 2.83 4.24 5.66 7.07
9,000
880 0.62 1.23 1.85 2.46 3.08

16
55 0.06 0.11 0.17 0.22 0.28
12
48 0.05 0.1 0.14 0.19 0.24

25
115 0.12 0.23 0.35 0.46 0.58
14
60 0.06 0.12 0.18 0.24 0.3

0.28 0.32 0.37 0.41 0.46

0.17 0.2 0.22 0.25 0.28
0.15 0.18 0.2 0.23 0.25
0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.2
8.48 9.9 11.3 12.7 14.1
3.7 4.31 4.93 5.54 6.16
0.33 0.39 0.44 0.5 0.55
0.29 0.34 0.38 0.43 0.48
0.69 0.81 0.92 1.04 1.15
0.36 0.42 0.48 0.54 0.6

32
1 ()

()

( )

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

2
600 0.6

14
90 0.09
17 120 0.12

25
168 0.17
14
68 0.07

4
1,350 1.35
1.5
530 0.53

1.2

1.8

2.4

3.6

4.2

4.8

5.4

0.18 0.27 0.36 0.45 0.54 0.63 0.72 0.81 0.9

0.24 0.36 0.48 0.6 0.72 0.84 0.96 1.08 1.2
0.34 0.5 0.67 0.84 1.01 1.18 1.34 1.51 1.68
0.14 0.2 0.27 0.34 0.41 0.48 0.54 0.61 0.68
2.7 4.05 5.4 6.75 8.1 9.45 10.8 12.2 13.5
1.06 1.59 2.12 2.65 3.18 3.71 4.24 4.77 5.3

: , 2548
()
1


14

33

()

1
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
1.

00

4.

00

7.

00

.
10

00

.
13

00

.
16

00

.
19

00

.
22

00

()

14 () 1 1
: (2545)

2
1. (SOC)
2

(SOC min )

34

100% (SOC max )
SOC min
SOC max

100%

2. (SOC)

2.1
(SOC min ) (Load on )
2 (Bi-directional)

(I ch arg e )
2.2

(SOC max ) (Load off )

35

1. (Intel Celeron 2.6 GHz, Ram 256 MB)

2. MS-Windows XP
3. Matlab Simulink 6.1

1.





2.



3

36
2.1

15
Start

Modeling Input
Characteristic of PV
Panel from manufacturer

I-V characteristic
Simulation Input
Gi (W/m^2)
Ta (C)

Pm, Im, Vm

End
15
2
2.1.1 (Modeling Input)


SQ75 Siemens
Matlab Simulink 16

1. (Isc)
2. (Voc)

37
3. (Vmp)
4. (Imp)
5. (U_Isc)
6. U_Voc)
7. (eff_cell)
8. 1 (Ns)
9. (Np_s)
10. (Np_p)
11. NOCT (Tc_NOCT)
12. (Loss%)

16

38
2.1.2 (Simulation Input)

(Gi : W/m2) (Ta:C)

1 1
17 18
1

()

1000
800
600
400
200
0
00
0.

00
4.

00
8.

0
0
.0
.0
12
16
()

0
.0
20

0
.0
24

1 7 () 1

()

1
40
35
30
25
20
15
00
0.

00
4.

00
8.

0
.0
12

0
.0
16

0
.0
20

()

18 () 1

0
.0
24

39
2.1.3

2.2 (Inverter Model)

17 ( ) (Pdc )
9 Sunny Boy
3000 3 Mallab Simulink
( ) (Pdc )

Sunny Island 4500 4.5
( ) (Pdc )
19
Sunny Boy
2
Sunny Island

40

19 (, Pdc )
2.3 (Diesel Generator Model)

P75P1 Diesel Generator Set 65


20

20

41

2.3.1 (Diesel Rated Power)

2.3.2 (Load Power)
(Fuel Consumption Rate)
2.3.3

2.3.4
()

2.4 (Battery Model)

21

42

21

Suncycle AS770
22

43

Discharge current (A)

120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Time (Hr)

22
Suncycle AS770
Non-linear least square curve fitting
k = 0.1309
c = 0.318

q max = 922

Non-linear least
square curve fitting

23
Suncycle AS770

44
2.15

Battery voltage (V)

2.10
2.05
2.00
1.95
1.90
1.85
0.1

10

100

1000

Normalised capacity removed (Ah)

23 Suncycle AS770
Non-linear least square curve fitting
2
2 Non-linear least square curve fitting

A
-0.000158
-0.0001123

C
-0.02105
0.2747

D
1068
950

E0
2.086
2.098

k, c, q max , A, C, D, E 0 (Model Input)

1


(N p ) (N s )
24

45


(SOC)

24

46
Suncycle AS770 0.013

2.5 (Load Model)
3

Sunny Boy Control Plus



1-8 2548 1 3
3 3 1-8 2548

1/2/2005
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:00

( )
1 2 3
2212
1748
2124
1593
1184
1475
1603
1341
1369
1692
1234
1295
1251
2450
3462
1832
2252
4803
2746
3462
5800
2502
3148
2673
1758
1842
1416
1237
1507
1234
1123
1480
2206

5/2/2005
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:00

( )
1 2 3
1791
2578
3659
1559
1600
1550
1526
1519
1549
1318
1594
1384
1099
2110
2023
2028
1609
1522
1962
3655
4939
1846
3508
3837
2034
1875
1173
2428
2169
2520
1985
2485
1536

47
3 ()

11:00
12:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
22:00
23:00
2/2/2005
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00

( )
1 2 3
1825
1027
1783
1564
1944
1366
1298
1966
2689
1532
1810
1843
1818
1337
2140
2663
1314
2689
2978
3238
2819
2686
2131
3939
5224
7402
9424
5002
6957
9065
4754
7086
7065
4248
5501
6421
1355
1263
1990
2124
1979
1752
1704
1435
1457
1578
1333
1315
1754
1223
1285
1246
3131
2958
1728
3178
5150
2970
4512
4816
2219
4493
3586
3627
1771
1294

11:00
12:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
22:00
23:00
6/2/2005
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00

( )
1 2 3
1379
1311
1617
1523
1308
1843
1495
1106
1792
867
1615
1367
1517
1996
1289
3095
2845
1375
3780
3142
2260
1685
1259
4778
4618
8769
9226
4667
8992
8591
4370
8282
7782
3607
6758
7256
2571
4225
5460
2071
2378
1790
1501
1774
1830
1587
1528
1931
1550
1757
1573
1237
2186
1403
1713
1569
4355
1535
4014
5745
2516
3996
4268
1772
4269
4740

48
3 ()

9:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
22:00
23:00
3/2/2005
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00

( )
1 2 3
2580
1929
921
1635
1381
1029
1774
1192
1607
1807
1500
1107
1351
1195
1799
1543
1690
2066
1336
1564
1959
2483
1363
1950
1713
3566
4316
2269
3210
3151
5277
7370
9407
5349
7398
8384
4786
7564
7027
5075
6657
5991
1122
1359
874
1914
1942
1501
1767
1709
1372
1308
1564
1478
1255
1520
1368
961
3132
3386
1098
5120
4772
1773
4279
4927

9:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
22:00
23:00
7/2/2005
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00

( )
1 2 3
2326
2655
1841
1760
1749
1587
1179
1631
1668
1442
1632
1545
1654
1688
1772
1371
1907
1859
2114
1376
1711
1960
1525
1287
3320
2487
1935
2800
2747
3743
4318
8443
9544
4492
8545
8684
4434
7623
7785
4340
6800
6528
346
451
457
1576
1760
2617
1462
1674
1871
1169
1514
1801
1205
1442
2167
1220
2271
1597
2108
3890
4381
2297
4579
5313

49
3 ()

7:00
8:00
9:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
22:00
23:00
4/2/2005
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00

( )
1 2 3
2698
4457
2517
3074
2454
1354
2433
1334
948
1857
1095
1462
2306
1098
1323
1308
1087
1613
1237
1500
1677
1713
1112
1184
2114
942
1270
3486
2265
2306
1885
2696
1377
3337
2735
3599
4979
7784
9274
4909
7936
9232
4725
7946
7716
4152
5890
6386
2582
3815
4772
1885
2013
3363
1517
1480
3367
1058
1033
3641
1534
1349
1511
1592
2619
1381
1548
829
1541

7:00
8:00
9:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
22:00
23:00
8/2/2005
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00

( )
1 2 3
2192
3243
2724
2039
1874
3030
1502
1625
2019
1247
1484
2961
1383
1513
2538
1169
1617
1427
1662
1466
1475
1425
1431
1731
1550
2222
1444
2355
2384
2213
2245
2654
2138
1367
3323
3369
4457
8499
9472
4343
9218
9988
4207
8775
9162
3907
7680
7605
2502
4308
6839
1546
1896
2452
181
762
1080
1818
1875
1842
1748
1625
1596
2092
1904
4262
3078
5662
5848

50
3 ()

6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
22:00
23:00

( )
1 2 3
1359
725
305
2792
3743
3124
1730
1669
2220
2051
1795
1262
1833
1110
1203
1786
908
1443
1383
814
1379
1312
1469
1461
1382
1455
1766
1503
1190
1699
3376
1427
1799
3473
3231
2054
572
23
506
4883
8118
9135
4908
7914
8539
4752
7593
7178
3693
6409
6689
2382
3177
4965

6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
22:00
23:00

( )
1 2 3
3902
6449
7609
2567
4960
4159
1878
1906
3697
2130
2364
1616
1605
2055
1995
1486
2314
1755
1585
1786
1785
1465
2245
1712
1807
1572
1700
1553
1621
2651
1970
1439
2780
2732
3736
2917
1463
2451
2773
4527
8383
9176
4411
8632
8476
4040
7821
7935
3865
5950
6380
2687
4401
5210

Matlab Simulink

51
2.6 (Controller Model)


SOC min
Load on


2.6.1 SOC < SOC min Load > Load on
2.6.1 SOC > SOC max Load < Load off

SOC min

SOC max
Load on
Load off

100 %
SOC min
SOC min

SOC max
Load on

Load on
Load off Load off
Load on

52

( I ch arg e )
25

25


Sunny Boy

53

3 3


26

26

27

54
Load
+

PV

DG

Net Power

SOC<100%
N

SOC<SOC_min
or Load > Load_on

Disconnect
N

SOC<SOC_max
or Load > Load_off

On DG

Net Power > 0

Off DG

On DG

Discharge
Charge
New SOC

27

Matlab Simulink 28

55

28
Matlab Simulink

56

1.


Sunny Boy Control Plus




1.1

Sunny Boy Control Plus
3 2
20 2
5-7 2548 29
30

2.25 7
06.00 .
12.00 . 18.00 .

57

29 ( ) ( )

30 (Simulated Data)
(Measured Data) 2

58
1.2
Sunny Boy
Sunny Island

Sunny Boy
Sunny Boy
Sunny Island 31
5-7 2548
32

31 Sunny Boy
Sunny Island

59

32 (Simulated Data)
(Measured Data) Sunny Boy Sunny Island
Sunny Boy

Sunny Island

1.3
( State of Charge : SOC)

5-7 2548 33

60

33 (Simulated Data)
(Measured Data)
( Charge/Discharge Current Input : A)
2.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

SOC min 60%

SOC max 70%
Load on 4 kW
Load off 3.5 kW
I ch arg e 7 A

61
2.1
1-8 2548
Sunny Boy Control Plus

1. 1 20 2
2. 2 20 2
3. 3 20 1

34
35 3
36

34 (Simulated Data)
(Measured Data) 2

62

35 (Simulated Data)
(Measured Data) 2

36 3

63
2.2


Sunny Boy Control Plus
2 2
2 37

(SOC)

38

37
SOC min 60% SOC max 70% Load on 4 kW Load off 3.5 kW I ch arg e 7 A

64

38

44.4
60-65
3.




1-4 2548
3

65
3.1 SOC min 60%

SOC max 70% Load on 4 kW Load off 3.5 kW I ch arg e 10 A

38 3
3
3

39
SOC min 60% SOC max 70% Load on 4 kW Load off 3.5 kW I ch arg e 10 A
43 5.3
60% 90%

66
3.2 SOC min 40%

SOC max 90% Load on 4.3

kW

Load off 3.8 kW I ch arg e

10 A

(SOC) 90 %

40

40
SOC min 40% SOC max 90% Load on 4.3 kW Load off 3.8 kW I ch arg e 10 A
45.2
10 0.5

67
3.3 SOC min 40%

SOC max 80% Load on 4.3

kW

Load off 4 kW I ch arg e

10 A

44.5
7.5 1
41

41
SOC min 40% SOC max 80% Load on 4.3 kW Load off 4 kW I ch arg e 10 A
3.4

SOC min 40% SOC max 80% Load on 4.3

kW

Load off 4 kW I ch arg e

15 A

47.5
5 1
42

68

42
SOC min 40% SOC max 80% Load on 4.3 kW Load off 4 kW I ch arg e 15 A
4.
4.1 3
3
4.3 07.00-17.00 .
SOC min 40% SOC max 80%
Load on 4.3 kW Load off 4 kW I ch arg e 10 A

42.1

5.5 43

69

43
SOC min 40% SOC max 80% Load on 4.3 kW Load off 4 kW I ch arg e 10 A
4.2 SOC min 60% SOC max 70%

Load on 4

kW

Load off 3.5

kW

I ch arg e 10 A

4.3
43.3

6 44

70

44
SOC min 60% SOC max 70% Load on 4 kW Load off 3.5 kW I ch arg e 10 A

71

1.
1.1

4-5 %
2.25
20 2
SQ75 75 1.5




1.2

Sunny Boy
7-8 % Sunny Island 10-11 %

72
1.3

( SOC)
(SOC)



k, c, q max
A, C, D, E 0

2

Suncycle AS770

22 %
55-65

73
2.







( SOCmin 60%, SOCmax 70%, Load on 4 kW,
Load off 3.5 kW, I ch arg e 10 A )

(SOCmin )
(SOCmax)
60 % (
(SOCmin) 60%)

3.


1-4 2548

74

01.00-03.00

( Load on )
( Load off )
45

45 4.3
4.2

75
(SOC)
40%
40% (SOC 60%)

40% ( SOCmin
40%) 80%
( SOCmax 80%)
I ch arg e 10 A



4.3


07.00-17.00 .
4.3

76

(SOCmin 40% )


(SOCmax 80%)

4.3 (Loadon 4.3 kW)
4 (Loadoff 4 kW)
10 ( I ch arg e 10 A)
43

(SOCmin 40%)
1
2.5
40 1.1
20
4-5

77




07.00-17.00 .

1.

2.
m-file Matlab

3. Nonlinear least square curve fitting

4.

78

. 2545.
( ).
.
_______. 2547. 2
( ). .
Boyle, G. 1998. Renewable Energy power for sustainable future . 2nd ed. BPC Wheatons
Ltd., United Kingdom.
Green, M.A. 1998. Solar Cells Operating Principles, Technology and System Applications.
PLT Print Solution, Inc.
Hansen, A.D., Sorensen, P and H. Bindner. 2000. Model for a Stand-Alone PV system. Riso
National Laboratory. Denmark.
IEA International Energy Agency. 2002. Trend in Photovoltaic Applications in selected IEA
Countries between 1992-2001. UK.
Linden, D. 1995. Hanbok of Battery. 2nd ed. McGraw-Hill, Inc. United State of America.
Manwell, J.F., Roger A., G, Hayman and J.G.McGowan. 1996. Theory Manual for Hybrid2.
University of Massachusetts, Massachusetts.
_______ and J.G. McGowan. 1993. A Lead Acid Battery Storage Model for Hybrid Energy
System. Solar Energy. 50 (5) : 399-405.

79
Manwell, J.F. 1994. Improvement in Battery Life Estimation for use in Hybrid2 and other
Simulation Model. Wind-Diesel Workshop Anchorage. Alaska.

80

81

82
1. (Photovoltaic modules; PV)
(Single Crystalline) Siemens (Shell)
SQ75 100 20 5 7.5 kWp
3.0 kW AC
Bus 380/220 V 50 Hz 2
20 1

1.1 (STC)
1000 1.5 25

75

75

17

4.4

21.7

4.8

1.4 /

-81 /

-0.52 %/

36 /
1.2 ( (NOTC)
800 W/m2 1.5 20 1 )

46

54

15.4

19.9

3.9

83
2. (Diesel generator)
F.G. Wilson (Engineering) Ltd.
Perkins 65 kW 380/220 V 50 Hz
1500 RPM

Diesel Power
(% Rated Power)
Fuel Consumption
(l/hr)

110

100

75

50

16.4

14.5

10.9

7.7

3. (Batteries)
(Vented Type Stationary
Lead Acid Battery) Battery Energy Suncycle AS770 840
( 120 ) 180 302
4.5
3 AC Bus 380/220 V 50 Hz 30
6 80

3.1

3
10

307
450

2.0
-
-

84

20
24
100
120

530
540
770
840

-
-
-
-

3.2

7.8

100

25

1240 5 kg/m3

1.5

Microporous polyethylene 2

4. (Inverter)
(Grid-Connected Inverter)
SMA Regelsysteme GmbH Sunny Boy 3000 3.0 3
250-550
220 50 380/220 V 50 Hz
16

4.1

3200
4100
12
4%

85
4.2

2600
3000
11
198-260
50
49.8-50.2
4%
94%

(Bi-directional Inverter) SMA

Regelsysteme GmbH Sunny Island 4500 4.5 3
AC Bus 380/220 V 50 Hz

SI-BPRE TR
Grid forming Grid tied

4.2

60
41-81
60
125
200-260
50
40-70
3%

86
4.3 25

(30 )
(10 )

3.7
4.5
6
91%

87

3
4.3 07.00-17.00 .
1-8 2548

88
1 1-8 2548
--

--
(/
(

) )
1/2/2005 0:00
0
25.9
5/2/2005 0:00
1:00
0
25.3
1:00
2:00
0
25.3
2:00
3:00
0
25.3
3:00
4:00
0
24.9
4:00
5:00
0
24.9
5:00
6:00
0
24.9
6:00
7:00
15
24.8
7:00
8:00
108
26.5
8:00
9:00
520
27.8
9:00
10:00
734
29.5
10:00
11:00
873
29.5
11:00
12:00
878
29.5
12:00
13:00
780
30.9
13:00
14:00
557
30.9
14:00
15:00
443
30.9
15:00
16:00
198
28.8
16:00
17:00
142
28.8
17:00
18:00
0
28.8
18:00
19:00
0
26.8
19:00
20:00
0
26.8
20:00
21:00
0
26.8
21:00

(/
(
) )
0
25.9
0
25.3
0
25.3
0
25.3
0
24.9
0
24.9
0
24.9
19
24.8
120
26.5
424
27.8
643
29.5
773
29.5
847
29.5
838
30.9
695
30.9
629
30.9
342
28.8
182
28.8
0
28.8
0
26.8
0
26.8
0
26.8

89
1 ()
--

--
(/
(

) )
22:00
0
25.9
22:00
23:00
0
25.9
23:00
2/2/2005 0:00
0
25.9
6/2/2005 0:00
1:00
0
25.3
1:00
2:00
0
25.3
2:00
3:00
0
25.3
3:00
4:00
0
24.9
4:00
5:00
0
24.9
5:00
6:00
0
24.9
6:00
7:00
13
24.8
7:00
8:00
85
26.5
8:00
9:00
437
27.8
9:00
10:00
612
29.5
10:00
11:00
795
29.5
11:00
12:00
776
29.5
12:00
13:00
878
30.9
13:00
14:00
654
30.9
14:00
15:00
640
30.9
15:00
16:00
336
28.8
16:00
17:00
146
28.8
17:00
18:00
0
28.8
18:00
19:00
0
26.8
19:00

(/
(
) )
0
25.9
0
25.9
0
25.9
0
25.3
0
25.3
0
25.3
0
24.9
0
24.9
0
24.9
23
24.8
118
26.5
450
27.8
671
29.5
801
29.5
881
29.5
855
30.9
732
30.9
613
30.9
318
28.8
176
28.8
0
28.8
0
26.8

90
1 ()
--

(/
(

) )
20:00
0
26.8
21:00
0
26.8
22:00
0
25.9
23:00
0
25.9
3/2/2005 0:00
0
25.9
1:00
0
25.3
2:00
0
25.3
3:00
0
25.3
4:00
0
24.9
5:00
0
24.9
6:00
0
24.9
7:00
16
24.8
8:00
109
26.5
9:00
464
27.8
10:00
671
29.5
11:00
834
29.5
12:00
855
29.5
13:00
851
30.9
14:00
748
30.9
15:00
561
30.9
16:00
327
28.8
17:00
145
28.8

--

(/

)
20:00
0
21:00
0
22:00
0
23:00
0
7/2/2005 0:00
0
1:00
0
2:00
0
3:00
0
4:00
0
5:00
0
6:00
0
7:00
23
8:00
105
9:00
420
10:00
597
11:00
708
12:00
843
13:00
839
14:00
725
15:00
525
16:00
327
17:00
138

(
)
26.8
26.8
25.9
25.9
25.9
25.3
25.3
25.3
24.9
24.9
24.9
24.8
26.5
27.8
29.5
29.5
29.5
30.9
30.9
30.9
28.8
28.8

91
1 ()
--

--
(/
(

) )
18:00
0
28.8
18:00
19:00
0
26.8
19:00
20:00
0
26.8
20:00
21:00
0
26.8
21:00
22:00
0
25.9
22:00
23:00
0
25.9
23:00
4/2/2005 0:00
0
25.9
8/2/2005 0:00
1:00
0
25.3
1:00
2:00
0
25.3
2:00
3:00
0
25.3
3:00
4:00
0
24.9
4:00
5:00
0
24.9
5:00
6:00
0
24.9
6:00
7:00
19
24.8
7:00
8:00
118
26.5
8:00
9:00
457
27.8
9:00
10:00
657
29.5
10:00
11:00
799
29.5
11:00
12:00
871
29.5
12:00
13:00
837
30.9
13:00
14:00
762
30.9
14:00
15:00
530
30.9
15:00

(/
(
) )
0
28.8
0
26.8
0
26.8
0
26.8
0
25.9
0
25.9
0
25.9
0
25.3
0
25.3
0
25.3
0
24.9
0
24.9
7
24.9
2
24.8
79
26.5
456
27.8
664
29.5
821
29.5
894
29.5
900
30.9
803
30.9
627
30.9

92
1 ()
--

16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
22:00
23:00

(/
(
) )
367
28.8
133
28.8
2
28.8
0
26.8
0
26.8
0
26.8
0
25.9
0
25.9

--

16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
22:00
23:00

(/
(
) )
401
28.8
131
28.8
0
28.8
0
26.8
0
26.8
0
26.8
0
25.9
0
25.9

93
2 3 4.3
07.00-17.00 . 1-8 2548

1/2/05
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00

( )
( )

1 2 3
1 2 3
919
805
710
531
717
840
2318
3457
3094
3232
1582
1803
1266
974
865
1198
1790
3471
3402
7158
6613
2939

1121
1073
1004
1184
1030
1016
5030
3003
1331
2250
1561
1390
1651
1497
1674
2497
3458
2869
3713
8665
7790
4871

1035
1143
920
951
1220
1561
3802
3389
3449
2629
1399
1557
1250
1560
2015
1431
1568
2985
4507
9810
9092
5388

5/2/05
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00

2315
1600
1628
1898
984
1069
2863
3001
2438
868
1682
1028
929
1200
1939
1268
752
2516
4670
6370
6504
5631

2536
1940
1820
1878
1420
1387
5250
2985
2808
2267
2087
2067
2714
1880
3422
2978
2042
2653
6895
10626
9881
9523

5344
3782
3480
3627
1103
1328
3247
4025
1374
1308
1741
1085
1401
1115
1739
1933
1395
2387
5455
11608
11281
10378

94
2 ()

22:00
23:00
2/2/05
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00

( )
( )

1 2 3
1 2 3
3481
4892
5093
22:00
4589
8081
10819
1714
2665
3849
23:00
2486
6889
10135
837
865
1149 6/2/05 1185
3246
4244
806
788
932
1:00
1357
2174
2898
627
627
1019
2:00
1378
1271
3171
528
654
841
3:00
722
1369
1080
985
732
789
4:00
667
1273
1058
705
683
1355
5:00
1580
1475
1187
1253
2386
855
6:00
1414
3934
2514
3279
4130
3653
7:00
4065
4107
2078
3946
2592
2752
8:00
1593
2624
1808
3506
2846
1550
9:00
1168
1871
1195
1316
1894
1183
10:00
966
1945
1109
1312
1879
1480
11:00
763
1469
989
974
1705
1412
12:00
760
1945
1283
1159
1550
1166
13:00
669
2054
1158
1733
1724
1141
14:00
826
2046
2107
977
996
1120
15:00
1344
2481
1547
1901
3326
1013
16:00
2056
2745
2114
2533
2389
1550
17:00
3388
2434
2523
6319
3566
5993
18:00
3682
7901
4862
7795
7967
9591
19:00
6147
12271 10198

95
2 ()

20:00
21:00
22:00
23:00
3/2/05
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
17:00

( )
( )

1 2 3
1 2 3
6681
6814
9432
20:00
5579
11983
9218
5926
6765
7730
21:00
4451
8659
10803
3079
5239
5968
22:00
3552
9334
10369
1858
2386
4168
23:00
2272
10356
9427
753
733
841
7/2/05 1132
2105
2391
566
608
1018
1:00
613
1475
1107
591
573
980
2:00
691
1149
1029
848
559
819
3:00
780
1165
1313
590
445
821
4:00
799
1094
1192
1230
1372
1161
5:00
1443
1173
1184
1108
2227
1337
6:00
2850
2499
5308
2934
3584
2166
7:00
2358
4135
4135
3527
1339
3582
8:00
1525
3979
2614
2516
1020
1130
9:00
1325
1978
1135
1696
948
1754
10:00
994
1991
1080
1370
1574
1318
11:00
1122
1766
1497
1454
1329
1470
12:00
1089
1817
994
1671
2232
1399
13:00
999
1290
1543
1591
1274
1652
14:00
832
3296
2116
916
1586
1843
15:00
772
1756
1926
2695
2017
1438
16:00
1151
1677
2337
2235
3210
1960
17:00
2415
3679
3583

96
2 ()

18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
22:00
23:00
4/2/05
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00

( )
( )

1 2 3
1 2 3
4923
3242
5428
18:00
3045
6215
5403
7789
8980
10340 19:00
7313
13278 10224
6935
8990
9888
20:00
6515
12551
9504
5704
8407
7973
21:00
4310
8882
10584
3608
7642
6887
22:00
4699
11446
9923
2391
4860
4810
23:00
3138
10240
9048
772
2105
1242 8/2/05 1864
2368
1691
647
1567
1043
1:00
981
1872
1243
798
1417
922
2:00
1035
1483
1404
747
1402
943
3:00
936
1217
1064
1137
1445
963
4:00
976
1190
1277
1894
1730
1307
5:00
1259
1942
1327
2971
2736
4893
6:00
2718
5865
4493
2882
4009
3286
7:00
2597
3462
2765
1668
2816
2971
8:00
3886
2523
3350
1498
3002
1139
9:00
2310
2047
2468
1250
1965
990
10:00
1331
2243
993
883
1570
1630
11:00
1111
1927
840
1257
2008
1692
12:00
1059
1853
1201
718
1711
1646
13:00
1314
1698
1318
931
2404
1804
14:00
877
2457
1860
1696
2528
1651
15:00
1938
1932
2945
1813
2528
1736
16:00
2485
6295
2797

97
2 ()

17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
22:00
23:00

( )
( )

1 2 3
1 2 3
2864
4258
4222
17:00
1999
2619
3708
2951
7723
4415
18:00
2846
4789
5403
7301
11066 12034 19:00
6815
10958 10414
6227
9215
10840 20:00
4828
10506
9419
6173
7167
12027 21:00
5555
12181 10746
5690
7287
11934 22:00
4988
11069 11830
2898
6104
11379 23:00
3724
8902
10989

98

Matlab Simulink

99
1.

1 Matlab Simulink 1

100

2 Matlab Simulink 2

101
2.1 Ratio

3 Ratio
2.2 Subsystem

4 Subsystem
2.3 Subsystem 1

5 Subsystem 1

102
2.4 Subsystem 2

6 Subsystem 2
2.5 Subsystem 3

7 Subsystem 3
2.6 Subsystem 4

8 Subsystem 4

103
2.6 Subsystem 5

9 Subsystem 5
2.7 Subsystem 6

10 Subsystem 6
2.8 Subsystem 7

11 Subsystem 7

104
2.9 3

12 3
2.
2.1 Sunny Boy

13 Sunny Boy 3

105
2.1 Sunny Island

14 Sunny Island 3
2.1.1 Sunny Island 3 Charge-Discharge

15 Sunny Island 3 Charge-Discharge

106
3.

16
3.1 Find SOC=Find SOC1=Find SOC3

17 Find SOC

107
3.2 Find voltage

18 Find voltage
3.2.1 Find voltage q_max(I)

19 Find voltage q_max(I)

108
3.2.2 Find voltage q

20 Find voltage q
3.2.3 Find voltage Find X

21 Find voltage Find X

109
3.2.3 Find voltage Find E

22 Find voltage Find E

4.

23

110
5.

24 3
5.1 1 (ph_2)

25 1

111
5.1 go to DG

26 go to DG
6.

27