Chng II: Cc loi my p nghin ba

IV. MY P BA IV.1 i cng v phn loi My p ba c s dng rng ri trong cng nghip sn xut VLXD p nhng vt liu mm hoc c cng trung bnh, nh: vi, phn, thch cao...Nguyn tc lm vic ca my p ba ch yu da trn c s s dng ng nng ca ba p vt liu.

E=
trong :

mV 2 GV 2 = 2 2g

(2.46)

m, G - khi lng, trng lng ca ba V- vn tc quay ca ba g - gia tc trng trng Nh vy, ng nng ca ba ph thuc vo vn tc quay v trng lng ca ba. Ngoi ra trong my p ba, vt liu cn chu cc lc tc dng khc: - Lc va p gia vt liu v vt liu. - Vt liu b p gia ba v ghi. - Vt liu b p gia ba v tm lt. My p ba c nhiu kiu khc nhau, c th phn loi theo cc phng thc sau:

Phn loi theo s trc mang ba - My p ba 1 trc: nhng cnh ba gn lin vo 1 trc, phn b theo chiu ngang

ca trc. - My p ba 2 trc: hai trc mang nhiu cnh ba t song song v quay ngc chiu nhau.

Phn loi theo s phn b ba

- My p ba 1 dy ba: 3-6 ba c phn b trn 1 mt phng. - My p ba nhiu dy ba: cc ba c phn b trn nhiu mt phng.

Phn loi theo phng thc treo ba - Ba c treo t do vo cnh ba: dng p th hoc trung bnh cc loi vt liu - Ba c treo cht vo cnh ba: dng p nh hoc nghin th nhng vt liu

mm hoc rn trung bnh. mm.

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Chng II: Cc loi my p nghin ba

IV.2 s cu to ca my p ba

IV.2.1 My p ba mt trc mt dy ba
7 2 7 3

6 10 1

11

Hnh 2.14a S nguyn l, my p ba 1 trc, 1 dy ba

Hnh 2.14b S cu to, my p ba 1 trc, 1 dy ba

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Chng II: Cc loi my p nghin ba

Hnh 2.14c S cu to mt my p ba 1 trc nhiu dy ba

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Chng II: Cc loi my p nghin ba

Cu to:

My gm c thn my (1), gn vi phu np liu (2). Trc quay (3) gn lin vi a (4), trn a lp cht cnh ba (5) mang ba (6) treo t do. V my bn trong c lt nhng tm lt bng gang hay bng thp cng (7). Phn di thn my gn lin vi x (8) ghi (9). Nh vt iu chnh (10) v (11) c th iu chnh khong cch gia ghi v ba.

Nguyn l hot ng

Vt liu c np vo phu, ri xung my, nh ng nng ca ba vt liu c p nh. ng thi vt liu cn chu lc va p gia vt liu vi nhau; cng nh vt liu b nghin p gia ba v tm lt hoc gia ba v ghi, cho n khi vt liu t kch thc bng khe ghi, s lt qua l ghi ri xung di my.

IV.2.2 My p ba 2 trc nhiu dy ba. Cu to v nguyn l hot ng

My p ba c 2 trc quay ngc chiu nhau. Ghi phn phi vt liu (1) t ming phu, gm cc thanh cong, gia cc thanh ba (2) c th t do quay qua c. Nh vy, vt liu np qua phu c gi li trn ghi phn phi v c p s b n kch thc bng khe h ca ghi phn phi vt liu. Sau nhng cc vt liu qua khe ghi s ri xung khu vc p tip.

3 1

Hnh 2.15a S nguyn l my p ba 2 trc nhiu dy ba

Qu trnh p tip theo xy ra nh ng nng ca ba, cng nh gia vt liu v vt liu; gia ba v tm lt hoc gia ba v ghi, cho n khi vt liu t kch thc yu cu bng khe h ca ghi, qua l ghi i xung di ra khi my. Khong cch gia ba v ghi c iu chnh bng vt iu chnh (3) v (4).

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Chng II: Cc loi my p nghin ba

Hnh 2.15b. S cu to my p ba 2 trc

Hnh 2.15c S h thng vn hnh my p ba 2 trc

IV.3. Cc thng s k thut c bn ca my p ba

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Chng II: Cc loi my p nghin ba

tnh ton cc thng s k thut ca my p ba thng da vo nhng s liu hoc cng thc thc nghim. - ng knh rto: thng thng khong D = 500 2000mm - Mc p nghin My p ba 1 rto My p ba 2 rto - Tc quay ca rto My p ba 1 rto My p ba 2 rto i=1015 i=3040

n=5001500 v/ph n=200300 v/ph

IV.3.4. Nng sut ca my p ba

Nng sut ca my p ba ph thuc vo nhiu yu t nh: tnh cht ca vt liu, mc p nghin, hnh dng ba v tm lt, tc v trng lng ba v.v... Hin nay cha c cng thc tnh ton l thuyt chnh xc m thng da vo cng thc thc nghim:

Q = (30 45) L.D [T/h]

(2.46)

Khi p vi c rn trung bnh v kch thc sn phm yu cu : 15-25mm. Nng sut c xc nh theo cng thc:

Q = L.D.e
vi:

[T/h]

(2.47)

L, D- chiu di v ng knh rto [m] e - khe h gia ghi tho [mm]

IV.3.6. Cng sut ca my p ba

Cng sut ca my p ba quay chm c th xc nh gn ng theo cng thc thc nghim:

N = (0,1 0,15) Q.i [Kw]

vi: i - mc p nghin Q - nng sut my p ba [T/h]

(2.48)

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Chng II: Cc loi my p nghin ba

IV.4. u khuyt im ca my p ba

u im
My c cu to n gin, trng lng my nh. My lm vic lin tc, nng sut ln. Mc p nghin cao. Nh c li ghi phn loi nn kch thc sn phm ng u.

Khuyt im
Ba b mi mn nhanh Khng p c vt liu m qunh W >15% my b bt. Khi nhng mnh kim loi ri vo my d gy h hng my

V. MY P TRC V.1. i cng v phn loi My p trc c ng dng rng ri trong cng nghip sn xut VLXD p cc vt liu do, c hm m tng i cao (t st) hoc cc vt liu c rn trung bnh; cng c th dng p th (ln 2) nhng vt liu rn v vt liu dn.

Nguyn tc lm vic ca my p trc :

Khi vt liu cho vo my, di tc dng ca lc ma st vt liu b cun vo khe h gia 2 trc quay ngc chiu nhau v b p gia 2 trc. Ty theo khong cch khe h gia 2 trc m sn phm c kch thc tng ng. Mc p nghin (i) ca my ph thuc vo tnh cht vt liu, cu to trc, nguyn tc tc dng lc: - i vi vt liu rn i=4 - i vi vt liu mm do i = 68 - My p trc c rng i vi vt liu do i=1112 My p trc c nhiu kiu, c th phn loi theo cc phng thc sau:

Phn loi theo cch b tr trc

My p trc c 1 i trc di ng My p trc c 2 i trc di ng My p trc c 2 i trc c nh

Phn loi theo cch cu to trc

My My My My p p p p trc trc trc trc nhn. c rng. c kha (g). c l thng.

Phn loi theo nguyn tc tc dng lc

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Chng II: Cc loi my p nghin ba

- Vt liu chu tc dng ca lc p. - Vt liu chu tc dng ca lc p kt hp vi mi - Vt liu chu tc dng ca lc p kt hp vi b. V.2. S cu to ca my p trc
1 8

4 3

2 Hnh 2.16a S my p trc c 1 i trc di ng 7

Hnh 2.16a S nguyn l my p trc c 1 i trc di ng

V.2.1. My p trc c 1 i trc di ng. Cu to:

My gm 2 trc quay (1) c lp cht vo 2 trc p (2). Hai trc quay ngc chiu nhau. i trc (3) c gn cht vo b my, i trc (4) gn lin vi l xo (5) v c th di ng dc theo b my nh lc n hi ca l xo. Tc dng ca i trc di ng l: - iu chnh khe h gia 2 trc (kch thc sn phm) - T iu chnh bo v an ton khi my qu ti.

Nguyn l hot ng

My lm vic c nh truyn ng ca ng c qua ai truyn n puli (6), h bnh rng (7) v bnh rng (8) lm cho i trc (1) quay. My p trc c th 1 trc quay, 1 trc t do hoc c 2 trc quay ng b hoc khng ng b. u im: My c cu to n gin nn c dng ph bin. Khuyt: Do 1i trc di ng tnh tin v mt pha nn sinh ra lc qun tnh ln gy chn ng my.

V.2.2. My p trc c 2 i trc di ng

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Chng II: Cc loi my p nghin ba

Hnh 2.17 S nguyn l my p trc c i trc di ng

Cu to v nguyn l hot ng

My c cu to tng t nh my p trc c 1 i trc di ng, ch khc l c 2 i trc u gn lin vi l xo v c th di ng dc theo b my. Khi gp vt liu rn c 2 i trc di chuyn dc theo b my nhng ngc chiu nhau v tho vt liu l rn ra ngoi.

u im: v c 2 i trc chuyn ng ra 2 pha ngc chiu nhau vi vn tc bng nhau,

nn lc qun tnh b trit tiu, do my lm vic n nh hn.

Khuyt: my c cu to phc tp, nn khng c s dng rng ri.

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Chng II: Cc loi my p nghin ba

V.2.3. My p trc tch .

Hnh 2.18a S nguyn l my p trc tch

My p trc tch c s dng trong cng nghip sn xut VLXD p t st.

Hnh 2.18b S cu to my p trc tch

Cu to:

Cu to ca my nm trung gian gia my p trc c g v my p trc nhn. My gm trc (1) nhn c ng knh ln, quay vi tc 50 - 60 v/ph. Trc (2) c cu to g cao 8-10mm, ng knh nh hn, quay vi tc 500600v/ph.

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Chng II: Cc loi my p nghin ba

Nguyn l hot ng

Vt liu t phu np liu (3) ri xung trc c g quay nhanh. Di tc dng va p ca g, t st b bin dng, phn ln nng lng tiu tn cho va p, t st b p nh ra theo trc (1) quay chm qua khe h gia 2 trc ri ra ngoi. Nhng khi c vt liu rn ri vo s bin dng i vi vt liu rn nh, phn ln nng lng (dng cho va p) li bin thnh chuyn ng c gia tc, nn vt rn b vng ra ngoi theo trc (1) vo mng dn. My p trc tch c u im: ngoi p p x t st cn rn ra ngoi. c th loi cc vt liu

V.2.4. My p trc 1 trc

My p trc 1 trc c dng p cc loi vt liu mm v vt liu c rn trung bnh nh: thch cao, puzoland, trong cc nh my sn xut xi mng...

1 2 5 7 6 4

Hnh 2.19 S nguyn l my p 1 trc

Cu to

My cu to gm trc quay (1), b mt c lt cc tm lt c rng (2). M my (3) c treo vo trc (4). Pha trong m c lt tm lt (5) bng thp cng. Trc cng (6) v l xo (7) c tc dng gi cho m (5) v tr thch hp, ng thi bo m an ton cho my khi gp vt liu l. Mc p nghin ca my ln i >15. Ty theo yu cu kch thc sn phm m lp rng c chiu cao thch hp. Yu cu kch thc sn phm ln, lp rng cao Yu cu kch thc sn phm nh, lp rng thp.

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Chng II: Cc loi my p nghin ba

V.3. Tnh ton cc thng s k thut ca my p trc

V.3.1. Xc nh gc kp
Gc kp l gc to bi 2 ng tip tuyn ti 2 tip im gia cc vt liu v b mt 2 trc. Ty theo kch thc ca trc v v kch thc vt liu m b tr khe h gia 2 trc cho thch hp vt liu c th b cun vo khe h gia 2 trc. Khe h li lin quan mt thit n gc kp . Nu khe h ln, gc kp nh, mc p nghin i nh. Ngc li nu khe h qu nh, gc kp ln, vt liu s b bn ra ngoi, hiu qu p nghin km. Khi my lm vic, cc trc s tc dng vo vt liu mt lc P, ng thi to ra lc ma st gia b mt trc v vt liu Pf.

Psin/2

P
Pcos/2

O
/2 Pfcos/2 D/2

I Pf
a/2 a/2
Hnh 2.20 Xc nh gc kp

Pfsin/2

Qua phn tch lc ta thy: mun vt liu b cun vo khe h gia 2 trc:

2Pf.cos

2P sin 2 2

(2.49)

(cng thc trn b qua trng lng G ca cc vt liu) f tg(/2) tg tg(/2) 2 iu kin my lm vic tt nht 2 a s trng hp = 3248o, tng ng f = 0,3-0,45

(2.50)

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Chng II: Cc loi my p nghin ba

V.3.2. Xc nh t l gia ng knh trc v ng knh cc vt liu

Theo hnh (H.2.20), xt tam gic OOI, ta c:

(D + d) (D + a) cos = 2 2 2
Mc p nghin ca my p trc thng i = 4

(2.51)

D cos ( / 2 ) 0, 25 = 1 cos ( / 2 ) Vi a/d = 0,25 d Nhn xt:

(2.52)

- i vi vt liu rn ( vi, hoa cng...) f = 0,3. Do gc /2 = 16 40' . Thay vo cng thc trn: D = 17d. Qua cho thy my p trc b hn ch dng p th vt liu rn. - i vi vt liu mm ( t st m) f = 0,45 /2 = 24o20. T , tnh c D = 7,5d. Nh vy, my p trc thch hp dng p vt liu mm. my lm vic tt hn nn tng D/d: 2025%. - i vi my p trc c rng D = (2 6)d - i vi my p trc c g D = (10 12)d i vi my p trc c rng hoc c g t l D/d b hn, v ngoi lc ma st ko vt liu, cn chu tc dng cun ca rng hoc ca g vo khe h gia 2 trc.

V.3.3. Xc nh s vng quay ca trc

Chn s vng quay thch hp ca trc c nh hng quan trng n hiu qu lm vic ca my. Qua tnh ton xc nh c s vng quay l thuyt ca trc :

trong :

[v/ph] f - h s ma st gia trc v vt liu f = 0,3 0,45 - trng lng th tch ca vt liu [g/cm3] d - ng knh cc vt liu [cm] D - ng knh trc [cm]

nmax 616

f .d.D

(2.53)

gim s mi mn tm lt, s vng quay thc t:

ntt = (0, 4 0, 7) nmax

(2.54)

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Chng II: Cc loi my p nghin ba

V.3.4. Xc nh nng sut ca my p trc

Nng sut my p trc khi p vt liu mm.

Q = 3600 B.a.v..K [T/h]

trong :

(2.55)

vt liu.

B - chiu di trc [m] a- khe h gia 2 trc [m] v- tc di ca trc [m/sec] - trng lng th tch ca vt liu [T/m3] K- h s ch n vic s dng chiu di trc v mc ti ca i vi vt liu rn K = 0,2 0,3 i vi vt liu mm do K = 0,4 0,6

thay ta c :

v=

Dn 60
(2.56)

Q = 188,4 K B.a.D.n. [T/h]

Nng sut my p trc khi p vt liu rn

Khi p vt liu rn l xo b nn li, lc a s tng l a1 = 1,25a. Do :

Q = 235. k.B.a. D.n.

V.3.5. Xc nh cng sut ca my p trc

[T/h]

(2.57)

Vic xc nh cng sut l thuyt ca my p trc l vn phc tp V th, nhiu tc gi nu ln nhng cng thc thc nghim: Da theo thuyt th tch Levenson nu ln cng thc:

N=

B. R. n R2 r + 13000 6000 [ml]

(2.58)

trong :

B - chiu di trc [cm] R - bn knh trc [cm] r - bn knh cc vt liu np [cm] n - tc quay ca trc [v/ph]

- i vi vt liu c rn trung bnh c th dng cng thc ca Argama: trong : [ml] v - vn tc di ca trc [m/ph] B - chiu di trc [m] k - h s D - ng knh trc [m]
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N = 1, 08.v.B.k

(2.59)

k = 0, 6

D + 0,15 d

Chng II: Cc loi my p nghin ba

d - ng knh cc vt liu [m]

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