MATLAB &

. , MSc

: .

 MATLAB &

, .
, MSc, 9
...
.

... (.. . . ).

-1-

 MATLAB &

1.1 Matlab

1.2 Matlab

1.3 Matlab

1.4 Matlab

12

1.5 - MatLab

13

MATLAB

2.1 Matlab

15

2.2 Matlab

21

2.3

37

MATLAB

3.1 (Script files)

40

3.2 (Function files)

42

3.3

45

3.4

46

MATLAB

4.1

52

4.2

57

4.3

62

4.4

64

-2-

 MATLAB &

4.5

70

MATLAB

5.1 Matlab

73

5.2 Matlab

81

85

86

88

(script file)

89

-3-

 MATLAB &

1.1 Matlab
1.2 Matlab
1.3 Matlab
1.4 Matlab
1.5 - MatLab

1.
1.1 MATLAB
MATLAB
(numerical computations).

,
animations. , MATLAB

, .
,

MATLAB

MATrix LABoratory.
MATLAB ,
,
, , (
), . ,

,
, :

animations.

-4-

 MATLAB &

.1

MATLAB.

, , ,

(state-of-the-art algorithms).
,
.
,
.
MATLAB ,
,
(symbolic computation), (image processing),
(statistics), (control system design),
(neural networks), (fuzzy logic).
(
50).

-5-

 MATLAB &

MATLAB

MATLAB

-2-D

- C, Java,

-3-D

Fortran VB.Net

- &

- &

-Animation

- & Video

- &

1: Matlab

MATLAB (matrix)
(array).
.
MATLAB
, .

-6-

 MATLAB &

,
.

1.2 MATLAB
MATLAB .
Windows,
, UNIX, Sun Solaris, Linux MAC
OS 10.3.
, MATLAB
, .2
.
MATLAB desktop

Figure window

(Workspace)

(Current directory)

Editor window
2: Matlab

1. MATLAB (MATLAB desktop)

MATLAB ,
. MATLAB,
, -.

-7-

 MATLAB &

(Command Window): .
(>>, MATLAB command prompt).
, ,
, ,
( ). ,
MATLAB,
,
.
(Current directory):
MATLAB, ,
(directory) .
,
( ),
,
( , , - File).

(Workspace):

,
.
.
,
. MATLAB
,
, .
(Command History):
, ,
, .
,
,
.

, .
2. (Figure Window)
,
, ,
, . ,
.
MATLAB (MATLAB 7).

-8-

 MATLAB &

3. (Editor Window)
, , ,
, MFiles.
(text editors), MATLAB
, .
,
(Start),
MLAB,
.

1.3 MATLAB
MATLAB ,


, ,
. ,
MATLAB
MATLAB (. 5.2).
,
,
. :

: ,
, ,
.
,

, .

(dimensioning) ().
,
(real number) ,

MATLAB

,
,

.

-9-

 MATLAB &

: MATLAB
,
.
.
(,

, aris , kostas, data, length_1

.

. MATLAB
31 .

,
. :
+, -, *, ^, /, \, =, ~, <, >, &, |, :, (, ), [, ], ., %, !

, MATLAB.
,
. (constant values)
. pi,
eps
(eps=2.2204e-016),
,
.

(case sensitivity): MATLAB

(case sensitive),
. , a A
MATLAB .
,
. MATLAB

casessen, .

(output display):
(
).
, .
(;) MATLAB

- 10 -

 MATLAB &

,
(graphics and online help commands).
(;) .

(output

format): MATLAB

,
output format.

10.
31.4159
format short

(scaled

fixed

point

format

with 5 digits)
31.1416e+001
format short e

(floating point format with 5

digits)
31.41592653589793

format long

(scaled

fixed

point

format

with 15 digits)
31.41592653589793e+001
format long e

(floating point format with 15

digits)
31.416

format short g

(best of fixed or floating point

format with 5 digits)
31.4159265358979

format long g

(best of fixed or floating point

format with 15 digits)

format hex

403f6a7a2955385e
(hexadecimal format)
3550/113

format rat

(approximation

by

ratio

of

small integers)
31.42
format bank

(fixed format for dollars and

cents)

- 11 -

 MATLAB &

format compact format loose,

.

MATLAB , format short.

: MATLAB ,
. ()
() ,
.
()

() .
, ,
, ,

(Command

History).

, (copy)
(paste)
.

1.4 MATLAB
MATLAB .

,
.
-files: ASCII text files, .m
. : script
files function files (. 3.1 3.2). ,
MATLAB M-files.

M-files.

M-flies,
.
at-files: binary data-files, .mat
. T MATLAB

save. ,

- 12 -

 MATLAB &

. ,
MATLAB load.
Fig-files: binary figure-files, .fig
. T MATLAB
,
File menu Save Save As
saveas .
MATLAB ,
.
open filename.fig.
P-files: M-files,
.p MATLAB.
pcode. ,

(M-file) ,
p-file.
Mex-files: MATLAB
, Fortran C.
.mex

MATLAB.

1.5 MATLAB
,
, MATLAB.

help

helpwin

helpdesk

help topic

demo

MATLAB,

,
(Workspace)
who

(Workspace)

- 13 -

 MATLAB &

whos

(Workspace),

what
clear
Clear x, y, z
clear all
mlock fun
munlock

-, at- Mex files,

.

(Workspace),

() x, y, z

fun, clear,

fun, clear,

fun

clc

,
(Directory)
pwd

directory

cd

directory

dir

directory

mkdir
copyfile

directory

computer
date
ver

/,

MATLAB, /

quit

MATLAB

exit

MATLAB

- 14 -

 MATLAB &

MATLAB

2.1 Matlab
2.2 Matlab
2.3

2. MATLAB
2.1 MATLAB

, MATLAB
(, ,
) ,
,
, .

>> 2+3  (enter)

/\

ans =
5
>> 11-5 

ans =
6
>> 11*8 

- 15 -

 MATLAB &

ans =
88
>> 12/3 

ans =
4
>> 3\12 

ans =
4
>> 2^6 

ans =
64

MATLAB ,
.
,
.
>> (15-6)*5+3 

ans =
48
>> (3-1)/(2*6+9) 
ans =

0.095

,
:

,
,
(
)
( ).

- 16 -

 MATLAB &

MATLAB ( )

.
:
=
>> x=3 

x=
3

>> y=11-6 
y=
5

>> z=y-x 
z=
2

(=)
, .
,
.

, ,
(=) ('').
>> a='aris' 

a=

aris
>> b='' 

b=

MATLAB (%).
, ,

, .

- 17 -

 MATLAB &

>> c=11+6  %.

(%)

c=

17

MATLAB,

,
.
(
MATLAB rad),
..
.
.

sqrt

abs

sin

cos

tan

cot

asin

acos

atan

acot

exp

ex

log

log10

>> sqrt(4) 

4 =2

ans =
2
>> sin(56)  % rad

sin(56 rad) = 0.5216

ans =
-0.5216
>> tan(0.5) 

tan(0.5 rad) = 0.5463

- 18 -

 MATLAB &

ans =
0.5463
a cos(0.5) = 1.0472

>> acos(0.5) 
ans =
1.0472

e4 = 54.5982

>> exp(4) 
ans =
54.5982
ln(4) = 1.3863

>> log(4) 
ans =
1.3863

log(4) = 0.6021

>> log10(4) 
ans =
0.6021

o MATLAB ,

.
,
.

i j,
.
>> i 

ans =

0 + 1.0000i
>> j 

ans =

0 + 1.0000i

:
a+bi a+b*i

- 19 -

 MATLAB &

MATLAB ,

i .
j.
MATLAB
.
>> x=2-3i 

x=

2.0000 - 3.0000i
>> y=16-8i 

y=

16.0000 - 8.0000i
>> x-y 

ans =
-14.0000 + 5.0000i
>> real(x-y) 

ans =

-14

>> imag(x-y) 

ans =

>> 10*y 

ans =

1.6000e+002 -8.0000e+001i

>> x^2 

ans =

-5.0000 -12.0000i

- 20 -

 MATLAB &

2.2
MATLAB

(
,

MATLAB ).
,
, ...
(,),
(;) .
([..]).
, ,
, ,
.
,
.
>> A=[1 2 5;6 8 7] 
A=
1

>> B=[1, 4, 6;7, 1, 3] 

B=
1

>> C=[1;2;3] 

1 2 5
A=

6 8 7

1 4 6
B=

7 1 3

1

C = 2
3

C=
1
2
3

D = 1 2 3

>> D=[1 2 3] 
D=
1

E=[1/3 5*sin(2.3) 5*sqrt(200)] 

E = 1 3 5 sin(2.3) 5 200

E=
0.3333

3.7285

70.7107

- 21 -

 MATLAB &

>> F=['T' ' ' ' ' ' Matlab'] 

F=

T Matlab

>> G=[1 2+5i;1.2-5i 56] 

G=

1.0000

2.0000 + 5.0000i

2+5 i
1
A=

1.2-5 i 56

1.2000 - 5.0000i 56.0000

(Command window),
(...)
.
>> H=[1 2 3;...

5 6 7;...

8 9 10] 

H=
1

10

1 2 3

A = 5 6 7
8 9 10

,
, MATLAB
. ,
. , ,
,
.
, .

>> I=[] 
I=
[]
>> J=[1 2 3;5 6] 

??? Error using ==> vertcat

All rows in the bracketed expression

must

have

the

same

number

of

columns.

- 22 -

 MATLAB &

, MATLAB
(vector),
, ,
(increment) .
, .

.
>> A=0:10:30 

A=

10

10

20

30

: 30
>> B=100:105 

B=

100

1 ( )

100

101

102

103

104

105

: 105
>> C=5:-3:-9 

C=

-3

-1

-4

-7

: -9
>> D=0:pi:7 

D=

=3.14

3.1416

6.2832

: 7
>> E=1:-exp(1):-2*(1+2) 

E=

e1 = 2.7183

1.0000

-1.7183

-4.4366

: -6
,
, ()
. , MATLAB ,
, .

- 23 -

 MATLAB &

>> K(2,3)=2 

K=

MATLAB
,
,
/ ,
,
- ,

(scalar numbers) ..

.
>> clear all 
>> A=[1 2 2;3 4 4;5 6 6] 

3 x 3

A=
1

>> A(1,3)=7 

A=

, (1,3)

>> B=A(2:3,1:3) 
B=

, 2

(2:3)

(1:3)

>> B(2,:)=[] 

B=

, 2

[(:,2)

...

x ,

- 24 -

 MATLAB &

(=), 2
]
>> B(:,2)=[] 

B=

, 2

[(2,:) = ...
x ,

(=), 2
,

]
,
-,


, ,
, .
(:),
.
.
>> C=[4 5 3 12 6;7 2 1 13 28;...

15 36 45 8 10;12 22 32 42 9;...

( )

11 21 27 33 40] 
C=
4

12

13

15

36

45

10

12

22

32

42

11

21

27

33

40

>> v=[1 4 5] 

1 x 3

v=

. (2 ,
>> C(v,:) 

- 25 -

3)

 MATLAB &

ans =

12

12

22

32

42

11

21

27

33

40

>> clear C 
>> C=[4 5 3 12 6;7 2 1 13 28;...

15 36 45 8 10;12 22 32 42 9;...

( )

11 21 27 33 40] 
C=
4

12

13

28

15

36

45

10

12

22

32

42

11

21

27

33

40

>> C(:,v) 

ans =

12

13

28

15

10

12

42

11

33

40

, MATLAB
,
() ,
()
, .
>>C=[4 5 3;7 2 1;15 36 45] 

3 x 3 (

C=

15

36

45

>> B=C(:)

B=

4
7

- 26 -

 MATLAB &

15
5
2
36
3
1
45
>> clear C 
>> C=[4 5 3 12;7 2 1 13;...

4 x 4 (

15 36 45 8;12 22 32 42] 

C=
4

12

13

15

36

45

12

22

32

42

>> reshape(C,8,2) 

ans =

15

45

12

32

. :4 x 4

12

. : 8 x 2

13

(4 x 4 = 8 x 2 = 16)

36

22

42

>> reshape(C,2,8) 

ans =

. :4 x 4

15

36

45

12

12

22

32

13

42

. : 2 x 8
(4 x 4 = 2 x 8 = 16)

, MATLAB
.
,
(:),
,
.

- 27 -

 MATLAB &

>> clear all 

>> A=[1 0 0;0 1 0;0 0 1] 

A=

( )

>> b=[5 6 7]; 

-,

>> c=[9;10;11]; 

-,

>> F=[A;b] 

F=

>> G=[A c] 

G=

10

11

, , MATLAB
,
. .
>> clear all 
>> A=[1 2 3;4 5 6;7 8 9]; 

3 x 3

>> u=[0 1 2 3 4]; 

>> B=A' 

B=

- 28 -

 MATLAB &

>> v=u' 

v=

0
1
2
3
4

(, ,
, ),
,
.
, ,
:

/\

/
\

^b (b:scalar)

, (\)
(/), .
, (/)
(1),
(2).
y C = d y = d/C ( )

(1)

A x = b x = A /b ( )

(2)

- 29 -

 MATLAB &

.
>> clear all 
>> A=[1 2 3;4 5 6;7 8 9]; 

3 x 3

>> B=[10 11 12;13 14 15;16 17 18]; 

3 x 3

>> C=A+B 

C=

11

13

15

17

19

21

23

25

27

>> D=A-B 

D=

-9

-9

-9

-9

-9

-9

-9

-9

-9

>> E=A*B 

E=

84

90

96

201

216

231

318

342

366

>> F=A^4 

F=

7560

9288

11016

17118

21033

24948

26676

32778

38880

>> G=(2*sin(4.2))*B 

G=

-17.4315 -19.1747 -20.9178

-22.6610 -24.4041 -26.1473

-27.8904 -29.6336 -31.3767

, MATLAB
, .

- 30 -

 MATLAB &

, u ,
, , :
u = [u1 u2 u3 u4 ]
v = [v1 v2 v 3 v 4 ]
u v = [u1 v1 u2 v2 u3 v 3 u4 v 4 ]
,
. (
). ,
,
(forNext), MATLAB
.
,
,
.

.*

/\

./
.\
.^

>> clear all 

A=[1 2 3;4 5 6;7 8 9];

3 x 3

B=[10 11 12;13 14 15;16 17 18];

3 x 3

>> C=A.*B

C=

10

22

36

52

70

90

112

136

162

- 31 -

 MATLAB &

>> D=2./A

D=

2.0000

1.0000

0.6667

0.5000

0.4000

0.3333

0.2857

0.2500

0.2222

>> E=2.\A

E=

0.5000

1.0000

1.5000

2.0000

2.5000

3.0000

3.5000

4.0000

4.5000

>> F=B.^A

F=

1.0e+011 *

0.0000

0.0000

0.0000

0.0000

0.0000

0.0001

0.0027

0.0698

1.9836

MATLAB ,
,
.
,
, , .
,
.

eye(m,n)

mxn

zeros(m,n)

mxn

ones(m,n)

mxn

rand(m,n)

mxn

0 1

randn(m,n)

mxn

Gauss

- 32 -

 MATLAB &

,
linspace(a,b,c)

a, b
c-2 ,

,

diag(v)

diag(A)

.
>> eye(3,2) 

3x2 ,

ans =

0
3x2

>> zeros(3,2) 
ans =
0

0
3x2

>> ones(3,2) 
ans =
1

>> rand(3,3) 

3x3

ans =

0.9501

0.4860

0.4565

0.2311

0.8913

0.0185

0.6068

0.7621

0.8214

>> randn(3,3) 

0-1

3x3

- 33 -

 MATLAB &

ans =
-0.4326

0.2877

1.1892

-1.6656

-1.1465

-0.0376

0.1253

1.1909

0.3273

Gauss

>> v=[10 11 12]; 

1x3

>> diag(v) 

ans =

10

11

12

>> A=[1 2 3;4 5 6;7 8 9];

3x3

>> diag(A) 

ans =

9
>> linspace(1,10,3)

ans =

1, 10

1.0000

5.5000

10.0000

3-2

, ,
.

length(v)
size(A)
ndims(A)
numel(A)
max(A)

- 34 -

 MATLAB &

min(A)
mean(A)

std(A)

trace(A)

rot90(A)
fliplr(A)
flipud(A)
tril(A)
triu(A)
inv(A)

900

,
.
>> clear all 
>> A=[10 11 12;13 14 15;16 17 18]; 

3x3

>> size(A) 
ans =
3

>> ndims(A) 

ans =

2
>> numel(A) 

ans =

- 35 -

 MATLAB &

>> max(A) 

ans =

16

17

18

>> min(A) 

ans =

10

11

12

>> mean(A) 

ans =

13

14

15

>> std(A) 

ans =

>> trace(A) 

ans =

42

900

>> rot90(A) 
ans =
12

15

18

11

14

17

10

13

16

>> fliplr(A) 

ans =

12

11

10

15

14

13

18

17

16

>> flipud(A) 

ans =

16

17

18

13

14

15

10

11

12

>> tril(A) 

ans =

- 36 -

 MATLAB &

10

13

14

16

17

18

>> triu(A) 

ans =

10

11

12

14

15

18

>> C=[5 -3 2;-3 8 4;2 4 -9];

3x3

>> inv(C) 

ans =

0.2005

0.0433

0.0638

0.0433

0.1116

0.0592

0.0638

0.0592

-0.0706

>> v=[12 22 32 42]; 

1x4

>> length(v) 

ans =

2.3

, ,
.
,
.
,
MATLAB.

, ,
,
det(A).

>> clear all 

>> A=[1 2 3;2 3 4;4 2 5]; 

3x3

>> det(A) 

ans =

- 37 -

 MATLAB &

-5

,
, Gauss.
.
,
:
x1 + 2 x2 + 3 x3 = 4

2 x1 + 3 x2 + 4 x3 = 5

4 x1 + 2 x2 + 5 x3 = 1

1 2 3 x1 4

1
2 3 4 x2 = 5 A x = b x = A b
4 2 5 x3 1

>> clear all 

>> A=[1 2 3;2 3 4;4 2 5]; % 
>> b=[4;5;1]; % 
>> C=inv(A) % 
C=
-1.4000

0.8000

0.2000

-1.2000

1.4000

-0.4000

1.6000

-1.2000

0.2000

>> C*b % 
ans =
-1.4000
1.8000
0.6000

Gauss

>> clear all 

>> A=[1 2 3;2 3 4;4 2 5]; % 
>> B=[4;5;1]; % 
>> X=A\B % 
X=

- 38 -

 MATLAB &

-1.4000
1.8000
0.6000

MATLAB :
x3 15x = 4 1 x3 + 0 x2 15 x 4 = 0

>> clear all 

>> coeff=[1 0 -15 -4]; % 
>> r=roots(coeff) % 
r=
4.0000
-3.7321
-0.2679

- 39 -

MATLAB &

MATLAB

3.1 (Script files)

3.2 (Function files)
3.3
3.4

3. MATLAB
MATLAB
,
.
,
C. ,
MATLAB
,
,
.
MATLAB M-Files. M-Files
ASCII (text files),
.m
. M-Files
(editor
or word processing application).

(-file Editor).
M-files. script files
function files.

3.1 (Script flies)

script files

MATLAB. (Command
window), , .m,

- 40 -

 MATLAB &

(prompt).
,
, .
, script files
(global variables),
(workspace), ,
,
.

3: Matlab Editor

, ,
MATLAB ( )
.
script files ,

.

, .

script files.
1: , M-file
, .

- 41 -

 MATLAB &

script file, MATLAB

.
2: .

, (_).
M-file ,
19.
MATLAB (.),
(.m).
3:

(Workspace). M-file, ,
,

MATLAB,

, .
4: ,
, .

,
MATLAB.
,
,
, ... 2003
.

3.2 (Function files)

(function file) M-file,
(script file),
(local)
, .

,
, Fortran, Visual Basic, C ..

MATLAB.

- 42 -

 MATLAB &

,

.
, ,
(script file).
function [output variables] = function _name (input variables);
(function _name)
M-file, .m,
. ,
spectra, ,
, spectra.m.

,
, ,
.
(definition line) ,
:
Function definition line

File name

function [a, b, c]=kostas(x, y, z);

kostas.m

function [theta]=angle(x, y);

angle.m

function theta=theta (x);

theta.m

function []=spectra(t);

spectra.m

function spectra(t);

spectra.m

(function).
.

,
.
function [out1,out2]=functionname (in1,in2)

H1 line

% , ,

- 43 -

 MATLAB &

a= triangle;

b= square;

, (%),

, .

,
, MATLAB,

, , H1 Line,
,
directory contents.m.

,
[].
,
, (=)
.

,
,
.
.

, ,

(Workspace), .


.
MATLAB
,
, .

:
function [maxM, maxV] = momentofbeam (l,p,q);
,
, :

- 44 -

 MATLAB &

[maxM,maxV]= momentofbeam(length, loadp, loadq);

length, loadp, loadq

, .
[M,V]= momentofbeam(length, load, [5:20]);

length, loadp ,

,
loadq .
[M,V]= momentofbeam(3,100,10);

3.3
MATLAB ,
, .

xor.

&

xor

,
,
,
(1- 0-). ,
, MATLAB ,
.

<

<=

>

>=

==

~=

- 45 -

 MATLAB &

.
>> clear all 
>> x=20; 

>> y=30; 

>> z=x>y 

x y

z=
0

>> z=x<=y 

x y

z=
1

>> z=x==y 

x y

z=
0

>> t=x~=y 

x y

t=

MATLAB, ,
,
21 39.
>> clear all 
>>A=[10,15,20;25,30,35;40,45,50]; 

3x3

>> C=A>=21 & A<39 

21
39

C=

21, 22 23

- 46 -

 MATLAB &

3.4
,
. ,

MATLAB.
for loops

for

.
:
for

end

.
, MATLAB
.

for

.
>> clear all 
>> for i=1:1:10 

length=1+i*10; 

end 

>> for m=1:10:100 

load=2*m/5; 

end 

,
for. ,
.

- 47 -

 MATLAB &

>> clear all 

>> A=[1 2 3;4 5 6;7 8 9]; 

3x3

>> s=0; 

>> for i=1:3 

for j=1:3 

s=s+A(i,j) 

end 

end 

s=45 

while

while ,

,
. ,
,
, . ,

,
. ( )
.
,
, , while
. ,
Ctrl + c.
:
while

end

while ,
,
, .

- 48 -

 MATLAB &

>> num = 0; 

num

>> eps = 1; 

eps

>> while (1+eps)>1 

while

eps=eps*0.5 

num=num+1 
end 

num = 53

num

>> eps=2*eps 

eps = 2.2204e-016
if

if ,
, .
:
if 1

1
elseif 2

2
:
:
elseif n

n
else

(n+1)
end

i=1,2,...,n
, i=1,2, n.
n+1 ,
i=1,2,...,n .
,

- 49 -

 MATLAB &

if,
.
if
... 2003,
,
.
... 2003,

(,

),

(0.12g, 0.24g, 0.36g).

>>seismiczone=3; % .. 

seismiczone

>> if seismiczone==1 

a=0.12; 

elseif seismiczone==2 

a=0.24; 

elseif seismiczone==3 

a=0.36; 

end 

>> a 

a=

0.3600
switch-case-otherwise

.
. ,
.
switch-caseotherwise if.

>> seismiczone='II'; 

seismiczone

>> switch seismiczone 

switch

case 'I' 

a=0.12 

case 'II' 

a=.24 

case 'III '

a=0.36 

end 

- 50 -

 MATLAB &

a=
0.2400

,
,
, .
break

break for while

,
.
>> clear all 
for i=1:100 

if i*5>50 

if

break 

if

end 

if

c=i/10+i; 

end 

>> c 

c=
11
error

error (message)
(script files)
(function file).
,
.

- 51 -

MATLAB &

MATLAB

4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5

4. MATLAB
MATLAB ,
, animations.
,
,
,
,
MATLAB.

,
- .

4.1

plot.
( ).
:
plot (xvalues, yvalues, style option)

- 52 -

 MATLAB &

,
:
xvalues, yvalues: ,

, x y , .
style option: plot

, ()
.
, :
color_linestyle_markerstyle

x
y . ,
MATLAB. MATLAB
,
.
, ,

( ).
style option

style

option

plot

, ,

.

plot.
Style option / Color

Style option / Linestyle

Style option / Markerstyle

--

x x

-.

+ +

p
h
^

- 53 -

 MATLAB &

v
>
<
plot .
plot (x, y, r)

(y) vs (x)

plot (x, y, :)

(y) vs (x) ,

plot (x, y, b--)

(y) vs (x)

plot (x, y, +)

(y) vs (x) , +

style option

,
.
,
,
(, ) .
:
xlabel(text), ylabel(text), title(text), text

,
,
,
,
.
, , ,

, ,
.

legend.

,
. legend
,
(,), ,
.

- 54 -

 MATLAB &

, ,
.
.

-1

(xlabel, ylabel, title, text,

legend) MATLAB ,

. :
FontName x Courier, Times, Helvetica, Symbol,
FontSize x 12, 13, 14,
FontAngle x normal, italic, oblique
FontWeight x light, normal, demi, bold
HorizontalAlignment x left, right, center
VerticalAlignment x top, cap, middle, baseline, bottom
, MATLAB

, zoom in
zoom out.
:
axis([xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax])

,
. ,
axis
, .
axis(equal)
axis(square)
axis(normal)

- 55 -

 MATLAB &

axis(axis)

axis(off)

, MATLAB
,
.
:
grid on grid off

,
MATLAB , ,

.

plot,
figure()
,
, .

, , ,
subplot(m,n,p).
m x n ,
. ,
p, 1,2,...
, ,
.
subplot
plot,
.

MATLAB, ,

, plot
editor.

- 56 -

 MATLAB &

4.2

, ,
MATLAB.
plot
>> a=linspace(0,2*pi,100); 

>> x=cos(a); 

>> y=sin(a); 

>> plot(x,y,kx) 

>>axis(equal) 

>>title(Circle of unit radius,Fontweight,bold) 

>>xlabel(x,FontSize,14,FontWeight,demi) 

>>ylabel(y,FontSize,14,FontWeight,demi) 

fplot
>>fplot('x*sin(x)',[0 50*pi]) 
>>ylabel('y','FontSize',14,'FontWeight','demi') 
>>xlabel('x','FontSize',14,'FontWeight','demi') 
>>title('fplot diagram','Fontweight','bold') 

- 57 -

 MATLAB &

loglog
>> z=linspace(0,2*pi,100); 
>> x=5*exp(z); 
>> y=155+36*exp(2*z); 
>> loglog(x,y,'m+') 
>> title('loglog diagram','Fontweight','bold') 
>> ylabel('y','FontSize',14,'FontWeight','bold') 
>> xlabel('x','FontSize',14,'FontWeight','bold') 

semilogx
>> z=linspace(0,2*pi,100); 
>> x=5*exp(z); 
>> y=z; 
>> semilogx(x,y,'r>') 
>> xlabel('x','FontSize',14,'FontWeight','bold') 
>> ylabel('y','FontSize',14,'FontWeight','bold') 
>> title('semilogx diagram','Fontweight','bold') 

- 58 -

 MATLAB &

semilogy
> z=linspace(0,2*pi,100); 
>> semilogy(z,exp(z),'b^') 
>> title('semilogy diagram','Fontweight','bold') 
>> ylabel('y','FontSize',14,'FontWeight','bold') 
>> xlabel('x','FontSize',14,'FontWeight','bold') 

hist
>> z=randn(200,1); 
>> hist(z) 

- 59 -

 MATLAB &

barh
>> magnitude=char('<=6.25','6.25-6.5','6.5-6.75',... 
'6.75-7.00','7.00-7.25','7.25-7.50','7.50-7.75'); 
>> earthquakes=[16;13;13;15;9;2;1]; 
>> barh(earthquakes) 
>> for i=1:7, 
gtext(magnitude(i,:)); 
end 
>> xlabel('Number of earthquakes in Greece','FontSize',14,'FontWeight','demi') 
>> Title('barh','Fontweight','bold') 

pie
>> magnitude=char('<=6.25','6.25-6.5','6.5-6.75',... 
'6.75-7.00','7.00-7.25','7.25-7.50','7.50-7.75'); 
>> earthquakes=[16;13;13;15;9;2;1]; 
>> pie(earthquakes) 
>> for i=1:7, 
gtext(magnitude(i,:)); 

- 60 -

 MATLAB &

end 
>> Title('pie diagram','Fontweight','bold') 

fill
>> z=linspace(0,2*pi,500); 
>> r=sqrt(abs(5*sin(10*z))); 
>> x=r.*cos(z); 
>> y=r.*sin(z); 
>> fill(x,y,'y') 
>> title('fill diagram','Fontweight','bold') 
>> xlabel('x','FontSize',14,'FontWeight','demi') 
>> ylabel('y','FontSize',14,'FontWeight','demi') 
>> axis('square') 

- 61 -

 MATLAB &

4.3
MATLAB ,
( ) .
,
,
.

plot3. plot,
,
plot3.
,

:
plot3 (xvalues, yvalues, zvalues, style option)

,
plot
.
, ,
, ,
.

,
, . ,
,
. ,
.
. ,
x-y
y (azimuth). ,
x-y
(elevation).

- 62 -

 MATLAB &

4:

x-y
.
y
x-y.
, , .

:
view (azimuth, elevation)

-37.5 300
.

.
,
,
. :
rotate3d (x0)

- 63 -

 MATLAB &

mesh surf

,
( z=f(x,y)),
,
, .

,

, ,
mesh
(meshz, meshc, meshgrid).
mesh ,
.
patches. surf,
(surfc, surfl)
(shading flat, shading interp, shading faceted), MATLAB

,
.
, , ,
z, ,
.
.
contour, ()
pcolor, ,
.

4.4
,
MATLAB.
plot3
>> z=linspace(0,100*pi); 
>> c=exp(-2*z/32); 
>> x=c.*cos(z); 
>> y=c.*sin(z); 
>> plot3(x,y,z) 
>> view(15,-10) 
>> title('plot3 diagram') 

- 64 -

 MATLAB &

>> xlabel('Axis x') 

>> ylabel('Axis y') 
>> zlabel('Axis z') 

fill3
>> X=[0 0 0 0;2 2 -2 -2;...
2 -2 -2 -2;]; 
>> Y=[0 0 0 0;6 6 6 6;...
6 6 6 6]; 
>> Z=[0 0 0 0;2 2 -2 -2;...
-2 2 2 -2]; 
>> fillcolor=rand(3,4); 
>> fill3(X,Y,Z,fillcolor) 
>> view(120,35) 

mesh
>> a=-6:0.3:6; 
>> [X,Y]=meshgrid(a,a); 
>> Z=cos(X).*cos(Y).*...

- 65 -

 MATLAB &

exp(-sqrt(X.^2+Y.^2)/4); 
>> mesh(Z) 
>> title('mesh diagram') 
>> zlabel('Axis z') 
>> xlabel('Axis x') 
>> ylabel('Axis y') 

meshz
>> a=-6:0.3:6; 
>> [X,Y]=meshgrid(a,a); 
>> Z=cos(X).*cos(Y).*...
exp(-sqrt(X.^2+Y.^2)/4); 
>> meshz(X,Y,Z) 
>> ylabel('Axis y') 
>> xlabel('Axis x') 
>> zlabel('Axis z') 
>> title('meshz diagram') 

surf

- 66 -

 MATLAB &

>> a=-6:0.3:6; 
>> [X,Y]=meshgrid(a,a); 
>> Z=cos(X).*cos(Y).*...
exp(-sqrt(X.^2+Y.^2)/4); 
>> surf(X,Y,Z) 
>> zlabel('Axis z') 
>> ylabel('Axis y') 
>> xlabel('Axis x') 
>> title('surf diagram') 

surfc
>> a=-6:0.3:6; 
>> [X,Y]=meshgrid(a,a); 
>> Z=cos(X).*cos(Y).*...
exp(-sqrt(X.^2+Y.^2)/4); 
>> surfc(Z) 
>> title('surfc diagram') 
>> xlabel('Axis x') 
>> ylabel('Axis y') 
>> zlabel('Axis z') 

- 67 -

 MATLAB &

surfl
>> a=-6:0.3:6; 
>> [X,Y]=meshgrid(a,a); 
>> Z=cos(X).*cos(Y).*...
exp(-sqrt(X.^2+Y.^2)/4); 
>> surfl(Z) 
>> shading interp 
>> ylabel('Axis y') 
>> xlabel('Axis x') 
>> zlabel('Axis z') 
>> title('surfl diagram') 

contour3
>> a=-6:0.3:6; 
>> [X,Y]=meshgrid(a,a); 
>> Z=cos(X).*cos(Y).*...
exp(-sqrt(X.^2+Y.^2)/4); 
>> contour3(Z) 

- 68 -

 MATLAB &

>> title('contour3 diagram') 

>> zlabel('Axis z') 
>> xlabel('Axis x') 
>> ylabel('Axis y') 

pie3
>> earthquakes=[16;13;13;15;9;2;1]; 
>> magnitude={'<=6.25','6.25-6.5','6.5-6.75',... 
'6.75-7.00','7.00-7.25','7.25-7.50','7.50-7.75'}; 
>> pie3(earthquakes,magnitude) 
>> Title('pie3 diagram','Fontweight','bold') 

sphere
>> [a,b,c]=sphere(30); 
>> surf(a,b,c) 
>> axis('square') 
>> ylabel('Axis y') 
>> xlabel('Axis x') 
>> zlabel('Axis z') 

- 69 -

 MATLAB &

>> title('sphere diagram') 

4.5
,
MATLAB
.
,
,
.
,
,
(Figure window).
, ,
Windows, (Save)
.fig, .
MATLAB .

(.bmp, .tiff, .jpeg, .jpg),
Save As ,
.

- 70 -

 MATLAB &

5:

- 71 -

MATLAB &

MATLAB

5.1 Matlab
5.2 Matlab

5. MATLAB

MATLAB

/.
(importing data). ,


,
. (exporting data).

, ,

. (text files) / binary
.

(format)

, :
(Text data): ,
American Standard Code for
Information

Interchange

(ASCII),

ASCII

(text editor).
Binary data: binary ,

ASCII
.
binary ,

, . ,
American Standard Code for

- 72 -

 MATLAB &

Information

Interchange

(ASCII),

. ASCII
(text editor).
, MATLAB
,
,
.
, MATLAB
(Import Wizard),

.
-
,
C (standard C-language file I/O function)
,
. ,
,
, script file
, .

5.1 Matlab
MATLAB ,
.
, , ,
.
( ),
,
(delimiter),
. ,
(,), (;) .
, , ,
,

.
binary data
, .

(, animations, ).

- 73 -

 MATLAB &

,
text data
binary data.

delimiters

cvsread

dlmread

fscanf

(space)

load

(;)

textread

Binary

auread

.au

aviread

.avi

hdf

.hdf

imread

data

in

SUN

Microsystems format
audio-visual

data

in

AVI

format
data

in

Hierarchcal

Data

Format
image data in many formats

.pcx, .xwd, .gif, .ico, .cur

.mat

wavread

.wav

wk1read

.wk1

xlsread

.xls

sound

.jpeg, .tiff, .bmp, .png, .hdf,

load

MATLAB

data

in

Mat-files

format
sound

data

in

Microsoft

Windows format
data

in

Lotus

123

spreadsheet format
data

in

Microsoft

Excel

spreadsheet format

MATLAB.

MATLAB load.

- 74 -

 MATLAB &

, ,
.
, Mydata.txt,
:
12356
7 8 9 10 11
:
>> load Mydata.txt 

>> Mydata 

Matab

Mydata =
1

10

11

dlmread. (Mydata.txt),

(;) ,
dlmread:

>>A=dlmread('Mydata.txt',';') 

A=
1

10

11

MATLAB textread. ,
, :
[A,B,C,]=textread(filename,format,,parameter,value,.)

filename x
format x
, , MATLAB.
,
.
N x ,
,
format.

- 75 -

 MATLAB &

parameter value x
textread, .

MATLAB.

- 76 -

 MATLAB &

.
: Mydata.txt
Grade1 Grade2 Grade3
78.8

55.9

45.9

99.8

66.9

78.2

89.8

77.0

56.3

>> [Grade1 Grade2 Grade3]=textread('Mydata.txt.'...

,'%f %f %f','headerlines',1) 

Grade1 =
78.8000
99.8000
89.8000
Grade2 =
55.9000
66.9000
77.0000
Grade3 =
45.9000

- 77 -

 MATLAB &

78.2000
56.3000
: Mydata.txt
Aris

Type1 12.5 40 Yes

Kostas
Maria

Type2 34.60 30 No
Type3 10.89 50 Yes

>> [names,types,x,y,answer]=textread...

('Mydata.txt','%s %s %f %d %s',3) 

names =
'Aris'
'Kostas'
'Maria'
types =
'Type1'
'Type2'
'Type3'
x=
12.5000
34.6000
10.8900
y=
40
30
50
answer =
'Yes'
'No'
'Yes'

,
(Current directory), MATLAB
directory, .
Import Wizard

MATLAB
,
, Import Wizard.

- 78 -

 MATLAB &

Open,
Windows.
:

MATLAB: File -> Import data

directory
(Open) .

Import

Wizard.

, .

(),

,
.
, Next.

,
(Workspace). ,

.
,
Finish.

, , .

File -> Import Data Mydata.txt

- 79 -

 MATLAB &

Import Wizard.
Mydata.txt. ,
Next.

7: Import Wizard Step 1

Mydata.txt
MATLAB.
data. ,
Finish.

8: Import Wizard Step 2

- 80 -

 MATLAB &

(Command Window).

9: Command Window

Import Wizard
binary.

5.2 Matlab
MATLAB, ,
,
,
.
- (text
data)

binary

data.

,
.

text data binary data.

- 81 -

 MATLAB &

delimiters

cvswrite

dlmwrite

fprintf
save
diary

(;)

(space)
Tabs

Binary

auwrite

.au

avifile

.avi

hdf

.hdf

imwrite

sound

data

in

SUN

Microsystems format
audio-visual

data

in

AVI

format
data

in

Hierarchcal

Data

Format

.jpeg, .tiff, .bmp, .png, .hdf,

image data in many formats

.pcx, .xwd, .gif, .ico, .cur

save

.mat

wk1write

.wk1

wavwrite

.wav

MATLAB

data

in

Mat-files

format
sound

data

in

Microsoft

Windows format
data

in

Lotus

123

spreadsheet format

,
MATLAB,
.
, ,
delimited ASCII ,
save dlmwrite.
, ,
,
()
.

- 82 -

 MATLAB &

save,

:
123 56
7 8 9 10 11
Myexport.txt, :

>> A=[1 2 3 5 6;7 8 9 10 11]; 

>> save Myexport.out A -ASCII 

Myexport.out,
:

1.0000000e+000 2.0000000e+000 3.0000000e+000 5.0000000e+000 6.0000000e+000

7.0000000e+000 8.0000000e+000 9.0000000e+000 1.0000000e+001 1.1000000e+001

,
dlmwrite,
(Myexport.out).

>> A=[1 2 3 5 6;7 8 9 10 11]; 

>> dlmwrite('Myexport.out',A,';') 

:
1;2;3;5;6 7;8;9;10;11

(delimiter), (,)
.
( ) ,
(quotes,) ,
.
,
MATLAB, diary.

:
>> diary Myexport.out 

diary

>> A=[1 2 3 5 6;7 8 9 10 11] 

A=

- 83 -

 MATLAB &

10

11

>> diary off 

diary

, ,
:
A=[1 2 3 5 6;7 8 9 10 11]
A=
1

10

11

diary off
,
.

- 84 -

 MATLAB &

1. Biran A. and Breiner M. (2003), MATLAB

6 ,

,
2. Elter D.M. (1997), Engineering problems solving with MATLAB, Prentice
Hall
3. Etter D., Kuncicky D. and Moore H. (2004), Introduction to MATLAB 7,
Pearson Education Limited
4. Hanselman D.C and Littlefield B.L. (2004), Mastering MATLAB 7 A
comprehensive tutorial and Reference, Prentice Hall
5. The Mathworks, Inc. (2001), Using MATLAB 6
6. The Mathworks, Inc., MATLAB Documentation, v.6.5
7. Pratar R. (2006), Getting Started with MATLAB 7, Oxford University
Press, New York
8. Wilson H., Turcotte L. and Halpern D. (2003), Advanced Mathematics and
Mechanics Applications using MATLAB, Chapman & Hall/CRC
9. . (2006),

MATLAB,

...,
10. . (2004), MATLAB 6.5, ,
11. . (2007), MATLAB

7 , ,

- 85 -

 MATLAB &

A.

, x :

; x :

: x :

if

x :

x :

. x :

... x :

- 86 -

 MATLAB &

% x :

(sprintf, fprintf)

() x :

[] x :

- 87 -

 MATLAB &

.


sin

asin

sinh

asinh

cos

acos

cosh

acosh

tan

atan

tanh

atanh

cot

acot

coth

acoth

sec

asec

sech

asech

csc

acsc

csch

acsch

exp

log

log10

sqrt

expm1

log1p

log2

nthroot

pow2

nextpow2

realpow

reallog

abs

angle

conj

complex

real

imag

unwrap

cplxpair

Bessel

bessely

besseh

beta

betain

betaln

ellipj

ellipke

erf

erfinv

gamma

gammainc

legendre

rat

dot

cross

- 88 -

 MATLAB &

.
, ,

,
... 2003.

(script file) MATLAB, ,
,
, I/O functions
,
.
(script file),
.

...2003

, :

0
R d (T) = 1 +

1 , 0 <1
1
q

0
R d (T) =
,
1 2 ,
q
R d (T) =

0
q

2 <

: . 1.
: .
,

A=0.24g=2.3544 m/sec2
: 5%.
1.
: . 1.
: . 2.5.
q: . 3.0.

- 89 -

 MATLAB &

,
,
, ...2003.
:

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.40

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.20

,

spectra.m. , ,

, (Command window) ,
(Current Directory),
, .
% SPECTRA - (script file) - ,
E.A.K. 2000
% To . 10/1/2008
% spectra.m :
% )
%

, ... 2003

% )
% )
%=======================================================
%
%=======================================================
%
%=======================================================
im=1;

a=2.3544;

% ,A=0.24g ( m/sec2)

h=1;

% 5%

theta=1;

bita=2.5;

q=3;

T1A=0.10;,T2A=0.40; %
T1B=0.15;,T2B=0.60; %
T1C=0.20;,T2C=0.80; %
T1D=0.20;,T2D=1.20; %

- 90 -

 MATLAB &

%
%=======================================================
jA=0;
jB=0;
jC=0;
jD=0;

for T=0:0.01:4
if T<T1A
jA=jA+1;
Acc_A(jA)=im*a*(1+((T/T1A)*((h*theta*bita/q))-1)); %. . . , 0<=1
elseif T>=T1A & T<=T2A
jA=jA+1;
Acc_A(jA)=im*a*h*theta*bita/q; %. . . , >=1&<=2
elseif T>T2A
jA=jA+1;
Acc_A(jA)=im*a*(h*theta*bita/q)*((T2A/T)^(2/3)); %. . . , >2
end

if T<T1B
jB=jB+1;
Acc_B(jB)=im*a*(1+((T/T1B)*((h*theta*bita/q))-1)); %. . . , 0<=1
elseif T>=T1B & T<=T2B
jB=jB+1;
Acc_B(jB)=im*a*h*theta*bita/q; %. . . , >=1&<=2
elseif T>T2B
jB=jB+1;
Acc_B(jB)=im*a*(h*theta*bita/q)*((T2B/T)^(2/3)); %. . . , >2
end

if T<T1C
jC=jC+1;
Acc_C(jC)=im*a*(1+((T/T1C)*((h*theta*bita/q))-1));%. . . , 0<=1
elseif T>=T1C & T<=T2C
jC=jC+1;
Acc_C(jC)=im*a*h*theta*bita/q; %. . . , >=1&<=2
elseif T>T2C
jC=jC+1;
Acc_C(jC)=im*a*(h*theta*bita/q)*((T2C/T)^(2/3)); %. . . , >2

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 MATLAB &

end

if T<T1D
jD=jD+1;
Acc_D(jD)=im*a*(1+((T/T1D)*((h*theta*bita/q))-1));%. . . , 0<=1
elseif T>=T1D & T<=T2D
jD=jD+1;
Acc_D(jD)=im*a*h*theta*bita/q; %. . . , >=1&<=2
elseif T>T2D
jD=jD+1;
Acc_D(jD)=im*a*(h*theta*bita/q)*((T2D/T)^(2/3)); %. . . , >2
end

end

% .table
% H file I/0 function
%=======================================================

T=0:0.01:4;
z=[T;Acc_A;Acc_B;Acc_C;Acc_D];

fid=fopen('Notes.table','w');
fprintf(fid,' \n');
fprintf(fid,'=================================================
======================\n');
fprintf(fid,'

fprintf(fid,'
fprintf(fid,' sec

Rd(T)

Rd(T)

(m/sec2)

Rd(T)

Rd(T)

\n');

\n');

(m/sec2)

(m/sec2)

(m/sec2)

\n');

fprintf(fid,'=================================================
======================\n');
fprintf(fid,'%6.2f

%10.2f

%10.2f

%10.2f

%10.2f\n',z);

fclose(fid);

%=======================================================
subplot(2,2,1)
plot(T,Acc_A)
grid on

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 MATLAB &

title('Spectral values - Soil A','Fontweight','bold')

ylabel('Rd(T) (m/sec2)','FontSize',9,'FontWeight','bold')
xlabel('T (sec)','FontSize',9,'FontWeight','bold')
subplot(2,2,2)
plot(T,Acc_B)
grid on
title('Spectral values - Soil B','Fontweight','bold')
ylabel('Rd(T) (m/sec2)','FontSize',9,'FontWeight','bold')
xlabel('T (sec)','FontSize',9,'FontWeight','bold')
subplot(2,2,3)
plot(T,Acc_C)
grid on
title('Spectral values - Soil C','Fontweight','bold')

ylabel('Rd(T) (m/sec2)','FontSize',9,'FontWeight','bold')
xlabel('T (sec)','FontSize',9,'FontWeight','bold')
subplot(2,2,4)
plot(T,Acc_D)
grid on
title('Spectral values - Soil D','Fontweight','bold')
ylabel('Rd(T) (m/sec2)','FontSize',9,'FontWeight','bold')
xlabel('T (sec)','FontSize',9,'FontWeight','bold')
,
, MATLAB.

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 MATLAB &

9:

- 94 -